Sir, we are sorry but we decided to get away as much as possible from corrupted Americans. Since you have elected a fascist incompetent, psychopath, criminal and traitor, we do not wish anymore to watch your channel. You have demonstrated that you are retards or extremely bad faith people. YOU DO NOT DESERVE OUR SUPPORT! We will block your channel.

Granite is a roc, not a mineral. It is composed of various minerals (whose crystals are the various spots you can visually discern) such as quartz and feldspars

Thank you for your series. 2 questions about Lithium, please: 1.) Is it possible that through chemistry an extinguisher for Li ion battery fires could be developed? Given increasing numbers of Electric vehicles there is an increasing need for such a product. 2.) Is lithium particularly toxic itself and are there any toxic by-products created when Li burns? Thank you so much.

Very interesting! Thank you.

If we wait two half-life the last radioactive element will have 75% chance of decaying.

I remember the 'Radon Panic' of the early '80s. It had all the scientific underpinnings of the 'Satanic Panic' of the same era. Even decades later there's not much agreement on whether residential exposure poses any risk. There was plenty of Benzene in houses back then, and no one incited a 'Benzene Panic'. Radon was convenient in that it wasn't industrially generated, like benzene.

i am glad this video is here now, I was wondering about radon and where it came from. I didn't check the periodic table. Forgot it was a noble gas. and never heard of granite before. now I know where it comes from. cool. kind of scary stuff.

The inhabitants of Dartmoor in England have to be monitored for radon exposure. Dartmoor is composed almost entirely of granite.

Interesting and entertaining video. ..also, regarding the slide showing the half-lives of naturally-occurring isotopes of Radon- I don't know how you got each decimal point to line up so perfectly, but that's impressive! Must not have used a Microsoft product.

Hmm, Ron, it seems like you missed explaining how Radon is also used in geological research like detecting groundwater, tracking air masses, or even speculatively, predicting earthquakes. And also, one of the old names of Radon was Radeon, coined by Jean Perrin in 1919. (Another variant for the other isotopes, Thoreon and Actineon, also appears as well.) But now most people know Radeon as AMD's graphics card.

I seem to remember radon being used to detect whether a container had a leak. (Sounds hazardous to the person doing the test.) It's also the reason thorium-cerium gas mantles are no longer used. Thoron (Rn-220) is not that dangerous in a theater since it has such a short half-life and would be diffuse, but workers making them would be exposed to a lot more and would be working a lot closer to them.

By far my favorite video about Radon. I added a link to this excellent video in the comments of many Radon awareness videos as a resource to better understand the chemistry of Radon.

Wonderful video about element 86. I wonder if the discoverers of this element ever realized how dangerous it was for them to be around. I very much enjoy the decay charts. Thank you.

To fix a radon problem in your basement, pay some “radon professional” $15,000 to analyze the air, develop a remediation, and install an air replacement system. Or just install an exhaust fan for 45 bucks from Home Depot.

How is the density of gases found? I think that may be something that should be included.

Congrats for completing the 6th row! 🎉

There is a little but important Bug : 1Ci = 3,7 · 10¹⁰ Bq = 37,000,000,000 …… you have written 10 to the power of 11 instead of 10 to the power of 10 ……

Interestingly, radon turns into a radioluminescent yellow liquid or solid when cooled down enough and changes to orange-red when cooled down even further. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon#Physical_properties

I missed mentioning the use of Radon in bathing therapy, which is still applied today, e.g. Bad Gastein in Austria is famous for these cures. However, the usefulness of those treatments is quite controversial...

Before anyone comments, I acknowledge I SAY different numbers in the measurement-slide than come up visually, What I say is in the neighborhood of what you see visually and the difference is within the margin of error. Also, on that same slide it should be 3.7x10^10 disintegrations for the Curie. That slide was so difficult to get through, I'm hesitant to do it all over again (and I'd lose credit for all the times the video was watched because KZbin does not allow proper editing! My apologies. Ron

i was trying to figure out why hydrogen isn’t used for leak detection instead of helium since it’s smaller and leaks through damn near everything but as you stated, helium is inert. hydrogen could be absorbed or react with the vessel for which you are trying to detect leaks. thanks a ton for all of your videos, they’re super informative and i’ve been binging them nonstop.

I see a 500 g arc melted piece going for 2,500 usd on eBay

extremely happy to find your channel

Great video. For the interesting story of the discovery of hafnium and the controversy surrounding it, see my Eric Scerri, "A Tale of Seven Elements", Oxford University Press, 2013.

Really cool element! Even cooler than Boron imo!

Love your writing. After viewing several of your videos and making a mental note to research further, I never do bc the answer to my question comes a few second later. For instance, I was wondering "well, if I get poisoned by my relatives putting Thallium in my tea, what is an antidote?" Shortly thereafter the answer came - Prussian Blue. Not the only example of this timing. Thanks for your work on these!

This is a really well made video with not enough views.

wonderful

Absolutely fascinating videos! Thanks very much. I do notice a slight error, which occurs in several of your videos. @ 15:34 in this video, you make a size comparison between the H and Li atoms. You seem to show 53 pm for H and 167 pm for Li as the diameter of these atoms. These figures are the radii of H and Li atoms respectively. Thanks again. P.S. In your chart @ 16:46, you've got it right!

ron, I absolutely adore these videos! very calming and meditative and so well put together! it's incredibly interesting that i stumbled across your channel while I'm taking inorganic chemistry in college. we never really get to think about much past the first row in everything else I've done so far, so you've got me hooked!

Hey Ron, on both the electrical and thermal conductivity charts you provide, copper and silver are in each other's place. Silver has the highest in both categories.

Thanks for these videos Ron. I watch them from time as they pop up in my suggestions. I've been particularly interested in helium since I learned China orchestrated a moon mission to explore helium there and now I know another reason why the U.S. is wagging it's finger at China; the valuable resource of He3 waiting to be exploited on the moon. Just yesterday, I watched a video about China's space program which said in spite of having a large (eastern) Pacific coastline, China launches many rockets from its interior to avoid having them attacked. This is in spite of potential hazards to nearby villages. Aren't helium and hydrogen equally dense, for practical purposes, because hydrogen only exists in bonded pairs?

Hey I imagine most of us watching know the basics of physics. This isn't the discovery channel

Sounds too poloshed to be a real human voice...

Ron I know you might not see this because this video is so old. But I would like to preface this by saying your videos are wonderful for a general audience. This video included! Boron is certainly not boring! You talk about the mineralogy of Boron, but you failed to mention tourmaline! You speak about the concentration of earth in the crust and you talk about a few borate minerals. But tourmaline is the earths Boron reservoir in the crust! Tourmaline is a complex borosilicate with the generalized mineral formulae XY3Z6(BO3)3T6O18V3W. Tourmaline is the one of the most stable minerals on earth… It has a stability from 150-900°c and 0-70. Tourmaline is also stable in acidic to neutral fluids which represent most of the conditions in earths crust. This property of tourmaline to record the chemical environment of the rock in which it grew through several different events. This chemical information includes the rock from which it grew and the composition of the fluid from which it grew. If you ever update these videos you should include this information in the mineralogical section of your video Thank you so much Ron

Very interesting, and well done! Thank you! Very interesting would also be your opinion on 'the Island of stability'

I have to say this is the best explanation of radioactive decay with the example of Uranium I have ever listened to. Thank you

Great video it was both interesting and well delivered

By the way, lead 209 isn't stable; it decays to bismuth by beta decay. I hadn't realized actinium had been used in cancer therapy (and its daughter isotopes). I always though it, and francium were totally useless but there they are giving off alpha particles and killing cancer. Astatine was also tried as a treatment for thyroid cancer since it is so chemically similar to iodine but enough goes elsewhere (liver and kidneys from your pictures) that it caused problems.

I find short lived elements like astatine and francium quite interesting as we don’t really have a single clue of what they look like. I like to speculate on what elements like those would look like if we could get enough atoms of them together to have macroscopic amounts ignoring the fact that the immensely high temperatures resulting from their radioactive decay would immediately cause the elements to vaporize themselves. 🔥

FYI, the abbreviation "i.e." (Latin: id est) means "that is". The Latin abbreviation for "for example" is "e.g." (exempli gratia).

Ron you perfectly described Trump

Unfortunately, NPD can also be present along with extraordinary charisma and abilities to prevaricate (lie), leading to the ability to persuade numerous naifs into belief. Various historic and current examples include Napoleon Bonaparte, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Adolph Hitler, and Alex Jones. There are numerous other obvious examples as well.

I know a person that ticks all the boxes, he lacks an education but thinks he is smarter then all of those that have an education. He did get a minor education in welding due to lack of a job, and now he believes himself to be overqualified for any welding job. Empathy he lacks, he engages in fantasy all the time. If you listen to him speak, he is too good for this world, he could have ushered us into a golden age all by himself if we only let him. Whatever he takes a fancy to for however long or short amount of time he is the absolute best at that field. Be it chess, or strategy games or speedrunning games, he is the absolute best. No he didnt go very far in chess but that was only because he wanted a challange so he made the worst moves instead. They were all too easy so he had to give himself massive disadvantages to even do them in the first place. Sounds very reasonable... :P

Also the American Psychiatric Association: Kids that seem irritable for not wanting to sit still and listen to boring lectures have Attention Deficit Disorder and need to be medicated to suppress such emotions, while kids who think they are girls trapped in boys bodies (or vise versa) need to be medically and surgically manipulated to ever be happy. The hard sciences like physics and chemistry have been great triumphs of humanity. The soft "sciences" like psychiatry have become abominations. Stick to chemistry.

Neil Degrasse Tyson knows nothing , and I'm still waiting for someone to demonstrate the intellectual capacity to understand that 1 times 1 equals 2. Until that day I must continue to walk the earth alone as the misunderstood genius that I am. ps. Please don't ask me what 2 times 1 equals..

Hey I binged all the videos nine months ago and am so happy to come back and see this video is doing remarkably well! KZbin not only needs, but it should, have more videos like this and creators like you.

A cube of lead 7.5 meters on a side would weigh 4,784,906.25 kilograms, or about 4800 metric tons. Such is the 'beauty' of the metric system... According to my calculations, 4720000 tons of lead would result in a cube 15.875 meters on a side, or about 52 feet per side. Doesn't seem near enough, even considering that lead is fairly heavily recycled... Please correct me if I'm wrong , and thank you for the interesting videos.

The Curies might not have had a flushing toilet, but radioactive stuff, no problem.

Iridium "Undetected in the oceans".. So that layer of iridium coating the rocks, currently submerged in the Gulf of Mexico- you know- the Chicxulub crater off the Yucatan peninsula- where a massive asteroid hit the earth approximately sixty million years ago- doesn't exist does it?? I've had enough - your smug presentation just lost my subscription...