033 The Receptive Field of a Ganglion Cell

www.interactive... - In this episode, I talk about receptive field of ganglion cells, showing how rods and cones are connected to bipolar cells that are then connected to Ganglion cells. The more bipolar cells you have connected to Ganglion cells, the larger the receptive field and the less detail you get. The opposite is also true. Watch the video for a thorough explanation.

[@beinwhitebites]

its really cool how the videos are clear and to the point, but then you also put in your personality, which is awesome because you're showing people that scientists aren't boring old people

[@jennie1316]

EXTREMELY HELPFUL!! thank you!! the pace, explanation, illustration and length of video are all perfect!!

[@cheriba7825]

Leslie, Your video's are fantastic. Your teaching is impeccable. Much more easier to follow then Khan academy as you get straight to the point with minimal irrelevant discussion. I am studying Optometry and this is very helpful in my visual perception and anatomy/physiology modules. Please could you do more on the eyes...?

[@InteractiveBiology]

@Mansuya That has to do with more than just vision. People who read really fast have trained their brains to do so. There are strategies that you can apply and practice to become better at that. It involves starting farther in to the left, relying on peripheral vision, and not moving your eyes all the way to the right of the page. That's a huge simplification. I don't go into that topic on any of my videos, but there are speed reading courses you could take. All the best!

[@InteractiveBiology]

@Gedverderrie Thanks for chiming in on that one. I hope that's what he was looking for!

[@InteractiveBiology]

@peteryun1 You're very much welcome. Glad to know the videos are helping you. Stay tuned for more!

[@fornamnefternamn5739]

Photoreceptors are Cones and Rods. It's a collective term. Light energy (photon) -> Photoreceptor -> Bipolar Cell -> Ganglion Cell-> action potential The outer segment of the photoreceptor (the part where the membrane discs containing Rhodopsin etc) is "dipped" in the pigment epithelium. The P.E nourishes the outer segment of the photoreceptor through diffusion. The rest of the retina (Ganglion cell, Bipolar cell and inner part of photoreceptor are mainly nourished via the central artery.

[@InteractiveBiology]

@Gedverderrie You are very much welcome. All the best on your exam. Let me know how it goes.

[@InteractiveBiology]

@yAyIStoNe You are correct. I did leave out the bipolar cells in this one intentionally. If you look at episode 35, I go into more details, including the Bipolar cells.

[@yAyIStoNe]

@InteractiveBiology this video it´s so right , the only thing i´ve got to be noticed is tha , befor the information arrives to ganglion cell has to get trhoug bipolar cell. Here in this video the bipolar cells are not present

[@BananaWoosh]

I´m from Germany and i must say, that this video helped me so much more, than any german video. thaaaaanks a lot :)

[@laurenr1926]

Thank you so much! I needed this for my Perception midterm tomorrow!!! THANK YOU!

[@hannahconfino5824]

Very helpful video, thank you! I also love how you say cooaaannss ;)

[@user-mp2zb6hg3f]

The way this man is single-handedly carrying my grade in neuro

[@InteractiveBiology]

Woohooo. I'm so glad to hear that you're finding the videos helpful, Catalina. You go ROCK that Neuro class! And of course - subscribe for more 😉

[@Ninjaraven42]

Is ganglion group of neuron? Because even the name of the dorsal nerve has dorsal root ganglion. And why do we called some structures like caudate nucleus, putamen as basal ganglia or nucleus... Can you please help me out, I have medical exam.

[@InteractiveBiology]

Almost. A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies (not the entire neuron) and they are typically located outside the brain and spinal cord. When we say the dorsal root ganglion, we are talking about a group of cell bodies of the sensory neuron. In terms of the caudate nucleus and basal ganglia, these are also groups of cellular neurons, but the are located in the central nervous system. But that's more of a historical holdover as they are more accurately nuclei because they are found in the central nervous system. But the main differences are: 1. Nuclei are found in the CNS and have specific functions related to processing info in the CNS. 2. Ganglia are found in the PNS and act as relay points and processing centers for signals going to and from the CNS. Hope that helps. Have an amazing rest of your day and wishing you all the best on your exam.

[@InteractiveBiology]

@2420MeLinda You are very much welcome!

[@Medita617]

What about S. P. Infusion of norepinephrine and it's carbon rings ! What is the combination behind it and carbon rings of serotonin ? Every chemical compound has it's endemic rethum or wave generated according to varying ionization energy when excited , and so it's a matter of short circuit . Mind is , How we react to signals from environment and it's the medium We recoganiz them. So if environment is infused with the unsuitable , then our surroundings would also be confused ?

[@InteractiveBiology]

I'm sorry but I have no idea what you're talking about.

[@InteractiveBiology]

@jaffacaker Glad you are finding value in the videos. Unfortunately, I've never even heard of those systems, lol. I'm actually following a sequence right now. After the Circulatory system, I'm moving on to the Respiratory system.

[@burndtjam1]

I started on episode 28 and here I am on episode 33. This is as good as The Office or Workaholics. I guess I know what I am doing today watching Interactive Biology!

[@agmorris31]

Thanks for the great explanation! Last exam in A&P tomorrow and you totally helped me out! : )

[@Ladygagasfan]

Very simply explained thank you

[@user-tw5sh3bl2r]

I have poor resolution. I can barely diagnose things what could it be?

[@syifahah]

this is very helpful! I wish that you could explain a bit more detail when there are some cases in eye diseases. Thank you!!

[@OilersLBA]

This was a lifesaver, a simple but brilliant lifesaver, thank you ever so much!

[@crunkmonkiee]

great video. One question: You said the signal goes from Cones -> bipolar -> ganglion cells. I thought it was Cones -> ganglion cell -> bipolar cells -> photoreceptors -> pigment epithelium. tried looking it up and I'm getting both pathways. plz clarify.

[@salmangh-wq9oj]

Can you plz make a vedio on visual information in retina and coding of color and also Rrichromatic coding plz

[@dawnhoran3353]

Thankyou so much for this information, you've helped me to get to grips with this. I am studying BSc in health science and looking at the sensory systems and have to admit was struggling with their description of the receptive field, you've made it so easy to understand. I shall refer to you again!

[@InteractiveBiology]

@crunkmonkiee All questions are answered in the Interactive Biology community forums from now on. Go to the website in the description and then visit the community. This is to make it as efficient as possible as we have multiple people over there to help answer questions. All the best

[@Daaizinha]

helpful explanations but cones and rods are photo-receptors not pigments

[@snovakattack1]

thank you so much for this! What is the difference between the ganglion cells, bipolar cells and horizontal cells?

[@MrStats0]

Was having trouble puzzling this out, great explanation!

[@Vishaldeepgohel]

awesome video for understanding

[@peteryun1]

thank you for the video. I was looking for a explanation specific pathway called Lateral Inhibition that I really want to visualize the process because I'm a visual learner

[@zackshields1419]

Very interesting, thank you!

[@InteractiveBiology]

@Matt19M Hey that's great. Glad that it's clear and detailed to you. All the best!

[@AudreyVictoria]

Thank you! This is great for my perception final Thursday!

[@10SoccerCrazy]

Hi, samuel.. you really make biology fun :D I have a question from the previous video 032 Visual proccessing in the retina. You were talking about phototransductions in rods etc. My question is: When a photon stimulates the eyes. Will both rod and cones hyperpolarize? Since both have cGMP ion channels which obviously requires cGMP to open. Does that mean that light stimulus will reduce cGMP in both rods and cones, which in turn hyperpolerize both of them?

[@InteractiveBiology]

Yes, both rods and cones hyperpolarize in response to light. When photons hit the photopigments in these cells, a cascade is triggered that reduces the levels of cGMP. This causes the cGMP-gated ion channels to close, leading to hyperpolarization in both rods and cones. Hope that helps.

[@10SoccerCrazy]

@@InteractiveBiology that helps alot , thank u so much. what about on-center and off-center bipolar cells?? When photoreceptors hyperolized. What causes them to depolarize?? Do on-center bipolar also have cGMP-gated channels ? ... Then what about off-center..

[@InteractiveBiology]

On-center bipolar cells depolarize when photoreceptors hyperpolarize because they respond to a decrease in glutamate release. Off-center bipolar cells, on the other hand, depolarize with increased glutamate. Neither type directly uses cGMP-gated channels; their responses are based on the neurotransmitter glutamate from photoreceptors.

[@10SoccerCrazy]

Thank you so much.. But how does On-bipolarcells respons to the hyperpolarization of photoreceptors?? Do they have any kind of leak ion channels ?? since glutamat hyperpolize them when binding.. But cuz glutamat doesnt bind to their metabotrop-receptors they depolarize. @@InteractiveBiology

[@InteractiveBiology]

Man, you ask really great questions. Here's the thing. On-center bipolar cells have metabotropic glutamate receptors. When photoreceptors hyperpolarize, they release less glutamate. This reduced binding of glutamate to the receptors on the on-center bipolar cells leads to a change in their internal ion balance, causing them to depolarize. It's not about "leak channels" but rather the specific type of glutamate receptor and how it responds to changes in glutamate levels. Hope that helps.

[@mohamedelfatih6248]

good job

[@pradyumg]

Your videos are absolutely awesome..if u dont mind can u tell me the software that u have used to make to make all these?

[@timandchrisfite01]

Do the eyes see the world like a painting its 2d but with different colors its 3d.

[@InteractiveBiology]

@timandchrisfite01 I'm not sure I understand what you are asking. Can you rephrase your question?

[@Shiru_dool]

Thank you

[@2420MeLinda]

great video... thanks!!!

[@HsiaoHanHuang]

Thanks for your video!!!! It's very helpful for my presentation. And I also want to ask that is there any connection between ganglion cell and Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)? Thank you very much!!!

[@eliselemanski9524]

黃筱涵 There are melanopsin non-image forming retinal ganglion cells that are connected to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). They are mostly sensitive to short wavelength (blue) light.

[@ValentineBondar]

What do you use to control your pen/mouse?

[@fromchronictocure7152]

Excellent video

[@Bulldozertv1]

thank you so much. God bless you!

[@marieb222]

This is great. Thanks for posting this.

[@MindSlim]

thankyou that was a nice easy explanation

[@HalfDoctorsw]

Thanks sir

[@axel_person]

Great work my man!

[@kakaonkaka]

so much better than my prof haha.. thank you

[@selenozmen2251]

Great explanation, thank you very much for all the videos :)))

[@dancedancegirlz1]

wow this cleared up so much thank you thank you thank you!!!!

[@jilluminous]

GOD BLESS YOU.

[@GabrielaPflaumer]

Great video! Thank you!

[@salmangh-wq9oj]

Thank u

[@alysabaraniuk2686]

Thank you!

[@InteractiveBiology]

You're welcome, Alysa. Make sure to subscribe for more content like this.

[@brachapaz3197]

You're so helpful, thanks a lot!!!

[@InteractiveBiology]

@kakaonkaka LOL, hey, as long as you're learning, I'm happy :)

[@youandyourshit]

dude, thanks for this and all your videos. I mean it.:)

[@surfelixe]

great videooo!=) thank you so much from Portugal=)

[@Appazap]

Really helpful

[@shirina3165]

Excellent. Thanks.

[@dewruwangammanpila7531]

Great video thanks !!

[@Skycube100]

So in Fovea, you have 1080p whilst if it not but still having some ROD and some cones you might have 360p and worse... Nicccceeee ^_^

[@58shadesofgray]

very helpful thank you!

[@nonnasaakova9483]

Thank you very much!

[@InteractiveBiology]

@jilluminous Same to you :)

[@aznanger]

hahaha these videos allow me to skip pretty much all my life science lectures XP

[@yorTryzz]

THANKS!!

[@nimraaslam7715]

thanks alot !

[@playlist636]

perfect!

[@susu-bu5iu]

Gosh THANK YOU!! :D

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woah! watch out everybody. we got a badass over here.

[@hAnumAndAsAm]

cool

[@InteractiveBiology]

LOL, Not sure whether that's good or not ;)

[@InteractiveBiology]

@beinwhitebites Aww thanks. Glad to know that I'm exciting and young ;) LOL

[@scisorkarn]

bit too much simplified...

[@faz1991]

Usain Bolt's papa :D

[@shibravikneshwaranair1531]

nice video...but voice ur voice is too low :)

[@danashyaaa]

what does that even mean?