PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway | Cancer Biology | Basic Science Series

PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway | Cancer Biology | Basic Science Series
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Keywords: PI3K, AKT, mTOR, cancer biology, cell signaling, proliferation, survival, metabolism, therapeutic target, PIP3, PIP2, RTKs, phosphorylation, protein synthesis, feedback regulation, PTEN, TSC1/TSC2, Rheb, S6K1, 4E-BP1, mTORC1, mTORC2, precision medicine, molecular pathway, growth factors, cellular processes.
🧬 Key Concepts in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
1. PI3K Activation and Signal Propagation
Discover how ligand binding to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) initiates the cascade, leading to the generation of PIP3, a pivotal second messenger that drives downstream signaling.
2. AKT Recruitment and Activation
Learn how AKT is phosphorylated and activated by PDK1 and mTORC2, enabling it to regulate processes like cell survival and metabolism.
3. mTORC1: The Master Regulator
Explore how mTORC1 integrates signals from growth factors, nutrients, and energy status to control protein synthesis and cell growth through its effectors, S6K1 and 4E-BP1.
4. Regulation and Feedback Mechanisms
Understand the role of key regulators like PTEN and feedback loops in maintaining the pathway’s balance and preventing hyperactivation.
🌟 PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Disease and Therapy
1. Pathway Dysregulation in Diseases
o Cancer: Hyperactivation of this pathway drives tumor growth, survival, and resistance to therapies.
o Metabolic Disorders: Aberrant signaling contributes to insulin resistance and obesity.
o Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dysregulation impacts neuronal survival and function.
2. Therapeutic Innovations
Learn how inhibitors targeting PI3K, AKT, and mTOR are revolutionizing treatments for cancer and other diseases, highlighting the pathway’s potential in precision medicine.
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