12. Carbohydrates/Introduction to Membranes

[@mitocw]

The first half of this course, taught by Prof. Yaffe, is available on the MITx platform as 7.05x Biochemistry: Biomolecules, Methods, and Mechanisms. The videos below are from the second half of the course with Prof. Vander Heiden, which focuses on metabolism. The exception is Lecture 12, which is in the first half of the course and was taught by Prof. Vander Heiden. See ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20 for more information.

[@johnathanfowlds7587]

Would you be willing to do a video on where we should go to learn on our own. If we want to pursue something outside your curriculum how do I go about researching it what is reputable. What is true. What is a lie. How do I know. It's a very chaotic world. I cant trust anything and I dont know what to do anymore.

[@SJE023]

Thank you

[@programming5542]

please can you share mit 6.045, mit 6.854 mit 6.840 please i need those course.

[@omerblk1773]

thanks

[@asdfafafdasfasdfs]

The materials are not available until the course starts? (currently Apr 11...)

[@missanna208802]

I understood more about these molecules in the first 5 minutes of this video than in two years of biology.

[@denisalisson9121]

exactly

[@hardhikreddy9179]

c'mon dude, really?!

[@jeraldvernontorres6825]

Im so happy this was released, I finished the biochemistry course and mitx, and I felt that half of it weren't complete. Good to know that this is uploaded. So giddy at the moment

[@kingslayer120]

oh glad to hear that! btw that teacher is my uncle.

[@jeraldvernontorres6825]

@@kingslayer120 say thank you professor Yaffe, although I have SB in biology, his lectures provided me a greater intuition on biochemistry.

[@anuragpratapsingh5027]

Can you tell me where can I find the lectures from 1 to 11, please?

[@jeraldvernontorres6825]

@@anuragpratapsingh5027 Edx biochemistry offered mit

[@woloabel]

Awesome and Organic. (On Tuesday of March 21 [9], 2023). On the Matter of Carbohydrates (Cn (H20)n) and/or Introduction to Membranes: 1) Carbohydrates are Cn-(H20)n Essentially; 2) Disaccharide are Two Carbohydrate Molecules such as Sucrose (Glucose and Fructose); 3) Trioses are Metabolites of Glucose of Three Carbon Chemical Structure; 4) Dihydroxyacetone a three Carbon Sugar (Triose); 5) Glyceraldehyde a Three Carbon Sugar (Triose); 6) Fissure Projection; 7) Ketosis; 8) Hexoses are Six-Carbon Molecules of Hydrocarbons like Glucose; 9) Isomer Reaction via Isomerase Enzyme are simply Rearranged version of the Same Chemical Structure; 10) Galactose or (D-Galactose) is a Hexose (Six Carbon Sugar) found in Milk differing from Glucose at Carbon 4'; 11) Epimers are Chemically Differing in Stereochemistry only (Variation in the Positional Arrangement without changing Molecular Weight and/or Composition); 12) Models of Glucose and Fructose (B-D-Glucose Pyranose is 66% by Composition in Solution [Blood] and a-B-Glucose Pyranose at 33% while D-Glucose at Trace Composition); 13) Ribose is Five Carbon Sugar (D-Ribose) Epimer, and Isomers as well as Pyranose/Furanose Beta or Alpha Differentiation; 14) Lipids and Their Function where A Fatty Acid is Esterified to an Alcohol Group; 15) Fatty Acid has a Carboxylic Acid (COOH Group) with Saturated Hydrocarbon Polymers thereafter (Alkyl Chains); 16) Membrane Chemical Structure and Function to form two Compartments: 1) Phosphatidylcholine, an emulsifier Has Generally a Hydrophilic Head Group and Hydrophobic Tail comprises the vast majority of Membrane Structures along with: 2) Phosphatidyl-Serine; 3) Phosphatidyl-Ethanolamine; 4) Phosphatidyl-Inositol is Present in Cell Membranes but an extremely important Role in Signal Transduction, so-Called Second Messenger Signal Transduction. MD, PhD Matthew Vander Heiden, es geht sehr gut zu Biochemie lernen und vermehren die Gesundheit aber man auch muss weider lernen sie und viel mehr. Heil!

[@Shantia-bw4zg]

This video just shows how one professor can change your opinion on a subject. I hate biochem but this guy made me like it .

[@jiyoungpark6233]

oh, thank you for the interesting and sincere lecture, i feel so grateful🌞

[@mangos2888]

Memories…. 😍 Took biochemistry in fall 2008….A- with the curve. Content like this can keep coming!

[@Dondlo46]

I got hooked onto lectures from Robert Sapolsky, his lectures made me really interested to check out other lectures

[@salaheddinehouache1015]

Thanks for the great lecture, I have a note about the structure of the erythrose. The L-erythrose structure compared to D-erythrose is wrong on the table ( It's actually the structure of another sugar)

[@SalesforceUSA]

I don't know why KZbin recommended this to me, but I stayed for the whole lecture.,

[@IvanStepaniuk]

You know the lecture is good when you have no clue about organic chemistry and you still get something out of it.

[@mimosveta]

that just made it sound too basic for ppl who have prior knowledge in organic chemistry

[@fernandolk4536]

You know the lecture is good when it helps you to explain how the car you drive is used as a fringe device to selectively cause you diseases, as synthetic polymers and gaseous substances are aromatically designed to act as pseudo energetic membranes that porously corrupt the so-called mithochondrial DNA that would otherwise balance the activity among the so called T and B cells?!?

[@suindude8149]

The main chain formation of Carbosaccharide formation generates a bond break in the entropy which is redundant in the rective chain. Generates the sum total of turgor pressure in the whole reaction.

[@omerblk1773]

I'll be at MIT one day too, wait for me at MIT😃

[@Junksaint]

Let us know when you're here ✌️

[@bradfordlangston836]

Don't feel down if you don't. You can get a world class education at hundred of universities in the US or elsewhere.

[@omerblk1773]

Love you MIT good video♥👏

[@Ali-ho9xl]

At 38:16, it is mentioned how each of the structures are favoured by thermodynamics. Is it possible to shift the equilibrium by introducing an alkaline or acidic solvent to the medium containing the sugar isomers? I can imagine that the hydrogen bonding between these structures will be influenced.

[@mahmoudyasser2139]

Why is the list not complete? Where are the proteins, fats and vitamins?

[@sobhansadeghi5293]

Put Lectures about Genetics Psychology Please

[@slbumkim2925]

Being has a tendency to 'return' to clusters ='the nature of solidarity' -a desire for empathy -(Wave)-(yin) and also, Being has a tendency to 'exist' as individuals ='the nature of self-expension' -a desire for breed-(Particle)-(Yang) Likewise, humans have two elements. We must realize that we all have both left and right elements =Solidarity and Self reliance No one has only one element. so 'Sum' derived from 'two poles' , (thesis, antithesis, synthesis) To develop intellect and ethics by harmonizing the two, It is good to realize it and balance it properly But A few people polarized the crowd(political partisanship) without balancing themselves. And They stole only the sum, only the synthesis from the triangle composition. Now We all have to get out of this deceptive situation. This is not the time for us to hate each other. We have to track down those who have been manipulating us.

[@dj1sinus]

Love to see you guys only cooking with water ;)

[@haithamayyash2454]

1:00 "After spring break" well that didn't quite work out diid it

[@Tomorrow_After]

I like this video so much. If you don't mind, | would like to ask your permission to share this video to the other website in China for the embarrassing reason that KZbin is blocked from accessing in China. Of course, | will give sources of the original website. Thank you very much.

[@mohamedismail6273]

Mit is there any course available for organic chemistry basics reaction mechanism

[@Pseudify]

They have several courses that address organic chemistry. See here - ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=chemistry&spec=organicchemistry. The standard organic sequence that most chemical and biological science majors take is 5.12 and 5.13. Be forewarned, these are challenging courses.

[@priyankaverma3385]

Nice lecture 👍

[@elainezhu479]

a bruised reed he will not break, and a faintly burning wick he will not quench; he will faithfully bring forth justice. He will not grow faint or be discouraged till he has established justice in the earth; and the coastlands wait for his law.

[@janetdonaye3528]

Nice lecture

[@medicalbiochemistry_]

Nice presentation

[@wakeupsummerdream]

are lectures 1 to 11 available?

[@ohwow9559]

on edx :)

[@mimosveta]

too bad so many lectures are missing. .. starting with lecture 12, then jumping to lecture 19?

[@MITxBio]

You can find and take the first half of the course here, free to audit: bit.ly/705xBiochem

[@lorens205]

University of Al-maarif ph. Bilal ali second stage

[@malaydaz4024]

MIT ❤️

[@franciscoperez6132]

Interesting, do you know if that membranes have abaility to avoid or stop nanaoparticles to get into body tissues, or do you have somebody in your institution working on something similar? Have a nice day, Best, ❤👍

[@Pseudify]

Well I believe that the covid vaccines that are mRNA based use nanoparticles which can get access to the cell. These particles would fuse with the membrane which is what delivers its mRNA package to the inside of the cell. Many nanoparticles would not be able to access the cell. They need a certain chemical structure.

[@programming5542]

mit ocw i beg you please as thirsty student please upload mit 6.045, 6.840 ,6.841 6.845 i want to be a theoretical computer scientist but due to less availibility of the in depth knowledge of my professors i am not able to study and make my concepts clear please help ocw . i beg you i want to contribute in the field of computer science that is goal i just want some external help ie your huristic algo will prevent me to want my time and i can finish my understanding basic concept easily. then can reach advance concepts. pls ocw help help help

[@লারেলাপ্পা-ষ৪ল]

good

[@SJE023]

🧘🏾‍♂️📝

[@_TheGuyWithNoName_]

Chalk ASMR

[@johnathanfowlds7587]

Thank you if you have anything on genetic traits for eating. This is my goal. To identify the ideal diet for every human on the planet based off their DNA. Is this a possibility of a fairytale. Again. Thank you for allowing others with no money to learn the same as people who are actually born privileged.

[@3iggystheorem232]

🤓

[@wellnesspathforme6236]

That's a very complex request. I'd suggest you target the biggest bang-for-the-buck dietary principles that are actually doable here and now by ordinary people. 1. Search Morley Robbins and learn what he's discerned from the scientific literature regarding the incredible importance of bio-copper and magnesium in the human body. Nothing is more important than those two elements, yet they are absent from nutrition labels, NPK fertilizer, and either absent or almost absent from Establishment, Inc.. nutrition programming. In addition, glyphosate chelates both so plants don't uptake them and your body can't absorb them. Magnesium is REQUIRED to activate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. ATP alone is worthless. Mg-ATP is the actual energy molecule for the cell. Does you doctor know this fact, or was s/he MISTRAINED to mock your attempts to get sufficient magnesium given the depleted food supply? The magnesome found 3,751 unique protein types inside the human body with magnesium binding sites -- second place is bio-copper. Sick management professionals are not taught this. Bio-copper availability depends on its carrier protein, ceruloplasmin, and the ATP7B enzyme that loads the copper into ceruloplasmin. ATP7B depends on magnesium and retinoic acid (retinol plus sun exposure). Metallic iron filings were added to the food supply in 1941 and they deplete both bio-copper and magnesium due to the oxidative stress and inflammation they create. Inflammation driven chronic disease was 4% in 1940 and about 60% today -- a nearly 1500% increase. Does your doctor know this? Stop rusting your body out by ingesting toxic iron filings and rebuild your magnesium, retinoic acid, and bio-copper status to optimize your Mg-ATP production, your anti-oxidant enzyme functionality, and your iron recycling system. Then figure out what your ancestral diet was and eat long those lines using the most naturally raised food available. 2. Learn about the Zone Diet created by Dr. Barry Sears, PhD, and former MIT researchers. 3. Learn about how toxic seed oils are that are not freshly pressed and ingested quickly and cold. Fats that Heal and Fats that Kill is a good book, but not accurate about quality animal fats and the universal vegan diet claims.

[@publicutility]

HHMI

[@wellnesspathforme6236]

@@publicutility Solid gold here. Set aside some time to investigate. Dara Torres applied these principles to win a silver medal in the Beijing Olympics 50m free event as a 41-year old mother! Her and Jenny Thompson are the top 2 female swimming Olympic medal winners ever, and they both applied these principles. Valentina Vezzali did as well, and she's the most dominant female sport fencer ever to have existed. She was winning almost a decade after everyone else was over the hill due to accelerated aging degeneration.

[@MrCoffeypaul]

Did someone forget a hydrogen atom with L-Glyceraldehyde?

[@3iggystheorem232]

Yes he is a old mann

[@Pseudify]

Organic structures are more commonly drawn without many of the H atoms that are bonded directly to carbon atoms. It’s a common shorthand. I’m sure this guy rarely draws these structures with every H shown, except when teaching college freshmen.

[@BHARGAV_GAJJAR]

Essential for the average diabetic

[@mangos2888]

Hahahaha

[@ScribaeEducantum]

👋👋👏👏👍

[@elainezhu479]

I am the LORD; that is my name; my glory I give to no other, nor my praise to carved idols.

[@ciccioformaccio7527]

Even if it is a simple definition I DO NOT AGREE at all with the definition given for lipids. As well as I do not agree with the definition of fatty acid. The teacher should try to be much more precise in definitions and chemical structures. Approximations are always negative when talking of science, especially in chemistri. Nomenclature is crucial, and the lack of accuracy in nomeclature is one of the greatest fail in current litterature.

[@tinyr101]

I also think precision is crucial in science, especially in literature, but, assuming that this course is directed at an undergraduate audience, I think his explanation for lipids is fine. If any of the students plan to go onto higher academia or produce scientific papers, then they'll most likely be taking a lot more classes which can help to fill in any 'gaps' or solidify key ideas and terms used in the field. Also, the students have other resources (textbook/google) that they can easily use to find precise definitions if they need it. Honestly, lectures shouldn't be based around throwing exact definitions at students. The lectures should highlight key ideas and insights so that a student can have a good foundation for learning the material and picking up specific definitions when they later look at other resources. In this way, I think the professor did a great job.

[@mrdavinci4178]

Essential fats and simple carbs... 🤔

[@publicutility]

Fad diet multilevel marketing pyramid scams 🙄

[@publicutility]

Are you indicating an understanding of the necessity of carbs and fats ECT. for biological life ? 🤔

[@mrdavinci4178]

@@publicutility 🙊

[@publicutility]

@@mrdavinci4178 🙈

[@TheCuratorIsHere]

@@publicutility there are no essential exogenous carbohydrates

[@gmcenroe]

Ha ha he forgot the hydrogens on his stereoisomers of glyceraldehyde and threose, always funny to watch biochemists try to teach organic chemistry. Why not just go to Fischer and Haworth projections as soon as possible to save time and eliminate typos? Also for the three epimers of the hexoses that he showed 2 of the structures were really diasterioisomers since they differed at more than one stereocenter. His shorthand Haworth projection drawing was incorrect, you still need to add the "OH' groups, otherwise they are "methyls". I hope that this guy is not a professor at MIT.

[@saebelorn]

A fischer projection is a purely schematic view of the molecule whereas he is clearly trying to convey the three-dimensional nature of stereoisomerism. I think that any student who has been admitted to MIT also probably has an understanding of object permanence and conservation of mass and that a carbon atom didn't spontaneously generate because the teacher missed the H.

[@gmcenroe]

@@saebelorn He only drew one or two structures that indicated stereoisomerism, the rest were flat so he could have just drawn the shorthand Fischer projections and saved a lot of time. Maybe he needed to fill the hour drawing HO-C-H a hundred times, then forget the OHs on his Haworth projections, claiming incorrect shorthand drawings.

[@jackismname]

Professors regardless of institution are selected with regards to academic prowess/ research, not teaching talent, as I‘m sure you know. He made a human mistake, whats the big deal?

[@gmcenroe]

@@jackismname That is too bad for the students who are paying those high tuition fees so they can walk away with a pedigree diploma, but maybe not the best instruction.

[@mangos2888]

@@gmcenroe Theoretically, this is review for anyone who decently passed OChem….so the students should know or catch *the error(s) already. My biochem teacher was amazing, but was from China and English was not her first language. She could speak just fine but some of my classmates really struggled w her. At least this class doesn’t have that added barrier…