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1958 Cadillacs came with 2 different power brake units. Some got Bendix and others got Delco Moraine. They look very similar and mount on the car in the exact same manner. Their performance characteristics were designed to be the same, with the booster supplying 65% of the force to the hydraulic system. But internally, they are very different. This video goes through a tear down and rebuild of both. I am not an expert, so if anything I say in here is confusing or wrong, please post questions and corrections in the comments, as I want this to be as accurate as possible.
When the brakes are released, atmospheric pressure is allowed to fill both sides of the piston. When the brakes are being applied, vacuum draws air out of the vacuum chamber (above the piston) to make it easier to push the piston up and fluid out to the wheels. When the pedal is held at a particular level, both vacuum and atmosphere are cut off from the vacuum chamber. When the pedal is released, atmospheric pressure is again allowed in the vacuum chamber and the main spring pushes the piston back down. They have a reaction system to make sure it isn't too easy to push the pedal down. This is what makes it is so the driver has to supply 35% of the force.
Bendix and Delco Moraine control all of these things in very different ways.