1973 SPECIAL REPORT: "BRONX STREET GANGS"

One can not speak of the roots of Hiphop Culture without mentioning New York’s street gangs of the 1970s. At the time, The Bronx was truly a concrete jungle yet it was there in the middle of “gorilla warfare” that Hiphop Culture was born. Gangs like the Black Spades (Afrika Bambaataa was a BS warlord), Savage Skulls, Savage Nomads, and the Ghetto Brothers control the streets. The movie “The Warriors” is infamous in our culture. Bambaataa went on to transform the Black Spades into Zulu Nation and the rest is history.

[@HezakyaNewz]

Donate To The Channel: cash.me/$hezakyanewz# www.paypal.me/hezakyanewz PATREON: www.patreon.com/Hezakyanewz

[@illmatticx]

Thank you for preserving history that otherwise wouldn't see the light of day

[@seekp2676]

I know poverty ain't no joke but damn I just wanna get a time machine and go live these times because something about this gives me huge nostalgia

[@tomascuello8310]

damn, me too!

[@juancastro5422]

I was born in the South Bronx and lived there until I 1975, I joined the Marines. And at the age of 64, it was the place to be. You could feel, hear, smell, and the heart beat of music was everywhere.

[@GeeBee212]

NYC Murders. Fewer people lived in the city but the crime rate was higher in all categories. I was there! You can keep the nostalgia. 1973 1680 1974 1645 1976 1622 1977 1557 1978 1504 1979 1733 1980 1814 1981 1826 1982 1826 1983 1622 1984 1450 1985 1384 1986 1582 1987 1672 1988 1896 1989 1905 1990 2245 1991 2154 1992 1995 1993 1946 1994 1561 1995 1177 1996 983 1997 770 1998 633 1999 671 2000 673 2001 649 2017 292 2020 468 2021 488 2022 438

[@southsidesaiyan8641]

How can you have nostalgia for something you didn’t experience?

[@jesusesmentira3422]

by '73 the street gangs as depicted in this video were dying out as a lot of the older members were drafted and never came back. Not to mention the bronx was burning down and people had no choice but to move displacing their members to different parts of the city. I had a few friends who parent's packed up and went back to Puerto Rico during this time as well.

[@vincentdemidio7902]

Actually, 1973 was the last year of the gangs. Many were killed that Autumn, like my friend Pedro, from the Chingaling Nomads.

[@michaelpabon6312]

What part of the bronx where you from? And would you say gang violence is worse now ... Or it was worse in the 70s?

[@juancastro5422]

Absolutely, raised in the McKinley Projects across the street from The all girl high school Jane Addams. I Joined the Marines in 75 and the gangs were active. Roman Kings and the Ghetto Brothers were in my area. Never heard of the ministers.

[@drpoundsign]

@@juancastro5422 Weren't The Reapers down there back then?

[@juancastro5422]

@@drpoundsign yes they were, if my memory is correct they were located towards the East Tremont area. We also the Bachelors were in Eagle ave towards 3rd Avenue.

[@USA_VENON_NY]

Puerto Ricans & Blacks forever unified African roots run through our blood. 🇵🇷

[@shin-vin846]

Times were so different back then. Can't imagine technology as advanced as it is today being used during this era. Much tougher society back in those days.

[@kenosabi]

Eh there's kids that'll smoke your ass for a cellphone these days. Nothing new under the sun. Nothing ever changes at its core. It just looks different.

[@IAmMrQ]

Hard to believe that these kids are in their 70's now... 😶

[@frankv7774]

My dad was a hanger with the Ministers he will be 70 this November. Moved out to Queens later in life.

[@vincentdemidio7902]

Actually, we're in our Sixties now.

[@drpoundsign]

...the few that Survived.

[@josephhouck5451]

This is you kids now days grand parents isthe was the shit

[@muppetshowman1972]

Fantastic archive!( love the soundtrack in the begenin '! With Henry pucho brown and the Latin soul, Jimmy castor bunch and James brown!) ..incredible archive with the great 70s latino style, .last year we went to NYC for the first time in east harlem for 8 magic days, and in the south Bronx meet a two old timer 70s writers( ale1 and John Matos "crash!". Just epic moment, loved the place,atmosphere, peoples.. I grew up in Paris suburb ( with funk soul graffiti..) and I understand many things about Bronx harlem Peoples thanx for the share.. And 70s style for ever.. Friendly from France ,

[@Buugzy]

Thanks for these classic video uploads

[@nicholashopkins9968]

The dance scene in the Club gotta be the most 70s thing I've ever seen I love these old 60s 70s Videos 🔥😁🙏🎶 keep em comin

[@LegShowMagazine]

It amazes me that videos like this one only have slightly over 80K views. I find them so fascinating.

[@djbuddysrockgarden]

Thank you for sharing this!

[@jasonschwartz2347]

Watch "The Warriors". Best gang movie ever from the 70's.

[@muhyee294]

bro I watched the warriors good movie now I was not around the 70 as I was born in 82 born and raised in London uk were there really gangs like that in the 70s who dressed like that because I’m sure they would be laughed at

[@nelsonperes1529]

Filmed a block from my house in the Bronx. I was busy doing other things!

[@frankrizzo5659]

Still my favorite

[@thehunterofdeath2180]

That only a movie live the real life of gang member I live it in the boogie down bronx n lost a lots of my old school friends may they RIP I made it those hard time of being poor n live in a fuck up house

[@muhyee294]

John ok bro I understand gangs have colours such as crips and bloods, but did they really dress up in costumes back in the days lol. And yes we have some serious gang problems in London.

[@MsNooneinparticular]

These were the children born before abortion was legalized...many unwanted & unloved. Back when leaded gasoline was still thick in the air, particularly in the inner cities where traffic was heaviest. When violent crime was on the rise & would reach its peak in the mid-90s. Despite the media fear-mongering, violence has fallen steadily since that time all over the country. Lots of interesting theories as to why. Thanks for another dope vid.

[@nelsonperes1529]

Beautiful! Write my book!

[@usualdosage7287]

Because people getting educated and don't have to rely on gang banging anymore just to survive. In short, as racism became less and less tolerated and accepted, that means more economic opportunities for POC

[@eazy-cheez-e8033]

Yes this is correct but also due to social media, smartphones to record everything now, anti drinking or drug campaigns, smoking laws, drinking in public laws, changes in policing and education is what also contributed to the decrease in crime

[@reggiedrockreg9257]

What's your point? Justifying abortions because their life was tough? I'm sorry but your statement is irrelevant. If they did exist it's because the most High intended it to be. Period. A life can be wanted by its genitors and still feel abandoned or rejected. Life is life and you live it the best way you can. Period. It's because of people like you that many human beings feel like they should have been aborted because their life is hard and hopeless. But when there is life there is always hope! Because God creates life and any life that exists is entitled to be protected at all cost because GOD CREATED IT IN HIS SOVEREIGN WILL!!!!!!!! #thedevilaliar# #prolife# #peacetoparentswhocanthavechildren# #keepurbabyforadoption#

[@robertafierro5592]

Just like today!

[@MB-vk8cv]

Brings back memories of when I joined the Manhattan Maricóns in 74

[@solidrock6524]

Intro is testament to lack of attention span we have today

[@JRey-re9rl]

The old Bronx; the one I grew up in and miss.

[@dariobava]

My favorite channel thanks brother for keep putting great history on here!! And THE WARRIORS is amazing and I am actually friends with Apache Ramos who was The ORPHAN member with the huge Fro!

[@vincentdemidio7902]

@@darthdennis6681 "The LITTLE" that "you've heard"? Try living in the ghetto as I did, and maybe, just maybe, you might learn something!

[@vincentdemidio7902]

@@darthdennis6681 ...and I'm from the South Bronx, the biggest and MEANEST slum in the World, so your "Favelas" don't scare me one bit. Most folks didn't survive...I DID!!!

[@vincentdemidio7902]

@@darthdennis6681 As Jackie Gleason would say, "Weisenheimer"!

[@newzcutter]

We’re gonna rain on you warriors

[@vincentdemidio7902]

@@newzcutter As they said in that movie, Short Eyes, "Well, I'm very, very scared...I mean like, I'm trembling man...can't you smell it? I'm shitting bricks"!

[@josephmaungu38]

Its great to see such videos.They enable us to get to know how the previous generation lived.

[@vincentdemidio7902]

MY GENERATION!!! I was there, doing my thing!

[@7Eightyone]

I love seeing films/news/documentaries and listening to music from the year I was born.

[@fouronesix8294]

Another banger! I write this almost every post but where do you find these videos?? Keep em coming!

[@TheMMFamily9]

as a native, I love these old films 🎥 ❤

[@dinero8085]

my grandfather was part of the savage skulls I still have his clapperboard

[@michaelohalloran2800]

Puerto Rican people are The most loyal people I've ever met. They will Always help you out.

[@thirsty57]

That’s cap

[@raysterE176Tremont]

​@thirsty5795 why it ain't so?

[@JaySports-kx7yb]

Loyal to other groups of people constantly at war with their own, the old crabs in a barrel syndrome, even as far back as when this documentary was filmed most Puerto Rican gangs fought against other Puerto Ricans I came up in New York during this time.

[@AndresGonzalez-jp8uy]

@@JaySports-kx7ybthis happens everywhere also between blacks and Mexicans.

[@JaySports-kx7yb]

@@AndresGonzalez-jp8uy true but I was specifically addressing the point at hand, the comment was most loyal all I can go on is my own personal experience

[@bangswift]

Now you got the so called FBA saying that Blacks and Puerto Rican weren't togethere but this proves otherwise

[@frankiebats4thebronx]

Such an awesome time 1973 wish I can relive it all, I was young skulls in the bx. God bless my brothers from the past

[@RS-gx1hp]

The opening tune to this doc is to funky!

[@jesuschrist5488]

Classic Footage 🙏 Hezakya is the man!

[@freewill7549]

Starting off with the Sanford and son music nice....

[@CrossbowNYC]

Thats Lehman high school in the bronx 16:29 i went to that school in 2011 its amazing seeing video footage of this in the 70s

[@kollusion1]

12:00 Booker T & the MGs - Melting Pot!!

[@Davo-gj7gl]

Great show 👍🏻🇦🇺

[@groucho9748]

That's some Ron Burgundy level jazz flute at the beginning.

[@coreyh6140]

Before the fake blood and crip sets

[@ashonlewis9353]

Those were California Gangs.

[@ashonlewis9353]

@Knuckle Game there were no Bloods and Crips that existed in New York back then both gangs are from California.

[@robertthomas2601]

smh. "this gang's not as bad as our gang" guy shows up every time a gang video is posted, no matter how educational the purpose.

[@jmac9327]

Knuckle Game he’s talking about the fact that there’s BLOOD gangs in New York since the 90s. And they’re not connected to the Cali gangs hench “fake”.

[@johansaravia8492]

Classic footage

[@JeffDonovan711]

bless u hezakya i know i spelled it wrong, wo u and my man , id have none of this knowledge! im still studing Hip Hop

[@thismothafuckasaid7304]

At 3:14 , White gang interviewed are "The Ministers" aka "Ministers Bronx". They were a mix of members from other White gangs who banned together to fight against larger Black and Puerto Rican gangs. Ministers had members from gangs, like the Grateful Dead, Mace Mob, Arthur Ave Boys, and the War Pigs. The largest and most notorious White gang of that era were the "Golden Guineas", who also fought along side the Ministers against Black gangs in 70s. However, most Golden Guineas were older and from earlier generation. Alot of them ended up working with Italian mob or got into bookmaking, hired muscle, etc

[@bkeen7013]

Most people don't know that much of the Bronx was White. Everyone who doesn't know that, or is too young to know, just assumes the Bronx is all Blacks and Hispanics.

[@beverageguzzler6791]

B Keen Maybe it was back then but what about now ?

[@nelsonperes1529]

Explain it to this wanna be pieces of shit now! Haaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa !! Let's all get together, and fk all them up! At ones !!

[@stephenheath8465]

In those days the ''color line'' was Fordham Road in the west and Tremont Ave in the east

[@bubblegum1948]

Music is just amazing in da intro.

[@vincentdemidio7902]

Disco and Latin were the greatest types of music in those wonderful days!

[@Savadorason1]

-They should've had that little kid as the leader. The 1 with the black bandana who was talking couldn't put a sentence together meanwhile the young kid had clear explanations on things lol. But this shows that some gangs were just mainly about hangin out. All gangs weren't always fighting rumbling with other rivals like back in the 50s, or being killer gangs or dealing drugs like the 80s & 90s. & A lot of gangs might have blades & some guns, but it wasn't until the mid 80s when crack hit that gangs started being armed with loads of military guns & killing for control of profits & customers addictions. The gangs shown here are mostly just some innocent kids.

[@brianglade848]

Back in the 70s, my dad would hang out in Coney Island picking up cigarette butts and smoking them

[@nevergiveup7502]

Did your dad know any of the Warriors😁

[@RochesterNY607]

Lol cool

[@yusefalmutawakil3325]

Dad was a bum huh!!!

[@brianglade848]

@@yusefalmutawakil3325 a cigarette butt connisuer

[@Echo-of-the-MessiYAH-316]

😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂

[@tedbundy3729]

12:01 Big Daddy Kane sampled that intro on "Another Victory"

[@dirtlevel]

It’s called Melting Pot by Booker T and the MG’s

[@stone5578]

towards the end of the video . that was Lehman Highschool in The Bronx. and the cops were harassing students just like they did when I went there in the 90s . nothing has changed lol

[@newzcutter]

And that lady complaining

[@zoesdada8923]

There may have been urban blight and street gangs but at least you could afford to live and at least there was freedom. I'll take being free over being safe any day of the week. Im from New Orleans and what was once my home and the greatest place on earth as far as I'm concerned is now Disney land for adults and a police state. Rents are so high you cant afford a studio apartment on a welders salary but there's no reason to live there anymore anyway. All the magic was washed away by Hurricane Katrina.

[@sashachitownvillegas6850]

i've heard about it. a damn shame

[@edgarmuniz7664]

Wow awesome …that the way the parties were before the had a DJ..

[@AmberSantana-is3dq]

Absolutely INCREDIBLE watching that 70s party omg what a Time Machine

[@Djdjdjfnnff]

I remember seeing this video a long time ago

[@HezakyaNewz]

Yes...on my old channel

[@BogattheMoon]

Love the old 8mm

[@chloekit4861]

These are someone’s grandparents today

[@lodersracing]

Incredible isn't it!

[@jab7168]

Most are dead.

[@Amidat]

a lot died before the 80's ended

[@Amidat]

@@jab7168 yeah that was a deadly era

[@vincentdemidio7902]

@@Amidat You should've enjoyed it as much as I did! Smoke a nice joint, and reflect on what you've lost since Reagan came and fucked this country up!

[@eyelenz6532]

Pay attention kids. No face no case..

[@a.garcia7127]

Loved ❤ the party scene... specially the salsa music piece.. This generation doesn't even know how to dance.

[@BornAncient47]

Amazing film!!!

[@gdupkwin9676]

U came through with this one my brother

[@sdot7895]

“Come out and playeeeyaaaaa”

[@theprophetofputdowns8114]

That girl done smoked one too many sherms...

[@PNOTYForever]

Do you have social media? I’d like to dm you there about a few things.

[@HezakyaNewz]

Yes...Hezakya Newz....Facebook...Instagram

[@eddiesoto2677]

Reminds me my uncle CONFI. Savage Nomads R.I.P.. . A serious problem.

[@bxbeauty5561]

Aaah the 70's a moment in time...now we are living in a PANDEMIC😷

[@coolinism]

I love how shitty and grimey NY was back then but not sure whether I’d want to live there during theses eras

[@Crezelltree4261]

dan coolinism:believe me,you wouldn't want to.

[@coolinism]

@@Crezelltree4261 Yes I think your right, complete shithole and most likely a nightmare to live in

[@katlemarie]

New York has reverted back to these times...........

[@oochiewally2783]

What has happened today is you have people from the 80s that bragged how there era was crazy during the crack era now. Today is worse with corona virus businesses closing way more drugs today then back in the 80s and with Diblasio and his no bail law now the.youth is trying to outdo the wannabes old timers ...what goes around comes around

[@Amidat]

Some parts of NY were better back then - in terms of unique culture. But in terms of crime and quality of life - NAH - you wouldn't want to.

[@waltnoble1051]

80 blocks from tiffany's is good documentary from this time period about the savage skulls and savage nomads. Rubble Kings is newer and uses recycled media but tells the same story basically

[@PrincetonMobb043]

I live ina south Bx little Italy to be exact 187 & prospect I will neva move this is home for me Big DOA U HEARD ‼️

[@princegroove]

It’s funny how they all dressed like outlaw bikers, yet had no Hogs. 😂 As a native Los Angeleno, it’s odd to see the fashion style difference between Mexican American gangs from that era and these guys.

[@gettinmines125]

Most of the savage nomads had motorcycles as opposed to the savage skulls. I used to see them roll up to my block on a particular corner when I was a kid.

[@princegroove]

@@gettinmines125 Really? That’s cool!

[@Kiko-sm6ft]

Hezakya nice greetz from china

[@urielmendivil6264]

I remember these youngsters back in the day I was 75 then very interesting lifestyle back in the day

[@vladimirputinforUSA]

If you were 75 then, you wouldn’t be alive today

[@BadaBigga]

Lol

[@urielmendivil6264]

@@vladimirputinforUSA how am I writing this than anyway my friend rowdy RIP 😪😪

[@stephenowens3687]

Your 124 years old.

[@gennaro7486]

I was part of the gangs by 76 it was over dead or jail or we grew up i grew i was in the south bronx in the heart

[@josephmaungu38]

Guys we need to make sure this man gets rich!

[@joseguerrido1511]

They should do a where? are they video...that would be awesome 👌

[@paulmcdonough1093]

there in the government now biggest crime gangs about

[@cream8480]

Wow keep it up man do you have anything Of the (young lords)

[@HezakyaNewz]

I'll look

[@cream8480]

Cool thanks will donate 👍🏼

[@faustuskrauss6457]

The “clubs” were innocent hang outs that kept Everyone off the streets and socialize with each other. They were dance to the hottest tracks and even trade philosophies.The hangout clubs were popular until the late 70’s as discos opened and the youngest were old enough to enter.

[@vincentdemidio7902]

I was dancing Disco starting in 1973, so the discos were there in the early Seventies.

[@Michael-xr9qw]

I was waiting for John Travolta to make a entrance with his crew and Start Dancing lol

[@energyasylum997]

@1:23 It’s HIGHTOWER from ‘Police Academy’!!

[@nolanjohnson2009]

Wait gangs have membership Dues?

[@AmberSantana-is3dq]

Those old gang jackets had so much swag to em

[@vandl107]

Chicago Gang Sweaters were the originals... These kids were biting Bikers😂 NYC been copying everything since way back

[@sunnys3325]

Why is the cop walking like hes a drunk runway model 😂🤣😂

[@astroprotector]

swag walk of the 1970s. This is how brothers walked back in them day

[@zippitydoodah8771]

That cop high on a Quaalude.

[@Echo-of-the-MessiYAH-316]

😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂

[@georgewashington6225]

😂

[@mariekatherine5238]

Why gangs? Easy. It’s like a family for people who maybe don’t have one, or whose family can’t support them. It’s also an organization with a hierarchy, to learn respect, obedience, a sense of belonging, opportunities to advance in rank.

[@Sean-yk8he]

Yeah some be like that others just like violence.

[@JB-hl1qx]

That guy talking sounded like the dude on the ghost face killah iron man tape . Anyone know of any 70s or 80s gangs in Baltimore around this era ?

[@RRDB92]

it feels so good to see my city how it was back then. like I looove the south Bronx soooo much! ❤️❤️❤️🌈🌈🌈

[@mariekatherine5238]

I remember hearing about the Savage Skulls and thinking the name was so nasty it was almost funny.

[@RCLaROCK1]

the real beginning of B boys @12:00 melting pot (break record)...@18:00 he starts to what turned into TOP ROCKING .. .just like that .. ..he says ..I wanna BREAK ,,,,this is 1973....DJ KOOL HERC just began ..... the word BREAK was already in use...you heard it yourself ......Herc called it ..the breaking point ..... when they broke loose from the music ..not the BREAK OF THE MUSIC .... Which it later became known to the Latin B -BOYS as BREAK BOYS .........this is great classic footage ... 1973 I was 10 ..a graffiti writer ...76 -b b-boy -77 mc -88 dj ... never joined a gang ...i knew many members by affiliation ... running around silly stupid crazy un caring ....it was all fun ....i never hurt nobody but the BULLIES they got the baseball bat when you catch him sunday going for milk or paper .. buss his ass,,,....alone ......old school lessons .....

[@jessedub]

Damn, crazy to see little soldier at 5:05 , duke can't be older than 9 or 10

[@frankwhit3]

6:25 fucking rough being a gang member back then 🤣

[@hiphopgamer7604]

where did these gangs hideout at? like did they hideout in abandoned apartments are sum?

[@barryholt9564]

I dunno, but Henry Ford was obviously their decorator "Yeah, you can have the place done out whatever colour you like, guys... 'long as it's black..!"

[@Pantsinabucket]

Abandoned buildings, local gathering places like bars, pool halls, arcades, skating rinks, and parks. The street corner is the dominant place for a set, but they typically met up elsewhere. Many white gangs, typically starting from a better financial point, owned their own “clubhouses”, while the mafia in NY owned numerous bars and restaurants, notably the Ravenite Social Club.

[@imspartakizz2195]

That spot were the cops are kicking em out is Herbert H. Lehman High School by Westchester Square along E Tremont ave, my first week as a freshman was the same week the towers were hit, that statue was not there, Go Lions!!!

[@mattyust6127]

What is the song that's played in the opening?

[@WitchyWagonReal]

That's some classic boogaloo... Pucho and his Latin Soul Brothers... Chitlin con carne

[@mattyust6127]

Mort Business That’s the name of it?

[@WitchyWagonReal]

Matt Yust -- It's "Chitterlings con carne" by Pucho and his Latin Soul Brothers... I think on the Paina album. Boogaloo is the type of music... it's like a mix of latin and soul and funk with some blues and swing.

[@HezakyaNewz]

@@WitchyWagonReal yep...you got it...thanks...cuz i can't remember...i found that track a decade ago

[@WitchyWagonReal]

Hezakya Newz & Films -- My parents met in the Brooklyn VA... and neither spoke good English, so instead they spoke the language of bumpin uglies in an apartment in the Puerto Rican neighborhood. And that is how I got on this planet. (But they moved when I was born, and as a kid I grew up in DC and PG County.)

[@hamillsamuel8301]

15:50 Two men enjoying dancing together, but since they are camera they decided to stop dancing together.

[@FreeBayArea]

This 1973?

[@munizgringo4556]

S.I.P Jose 'Playboy' Colon 🙏The Ghetto Brothers ⚒️🇵🇷

[@bigmoney3020]

No social media and more real human interaction

[@ricosuave5526]

Makes me wonder where they’re at now

[@stephenheath8465]

If they still around most likely late 60's Boomers now

[@DOOMSDAYD-KILLS-EVERYONE]

I thru a bum on the third rail in the Bronx back in 75

[@joshthegreatest1198]

What song is playing in the club at 16:17

[@cbrownlee1]

James Brown - I Got Ants in my Pants

[@joshthegreatest1198]

@@cbrownlee1 thanks

[@jacobtennyson9213]

Gangs are kids that never grew up.

[@trentsteel9]

Well see, um, in a gang world, we use something called fluffy fingers. That's when someone really gets in your face, you know you just, start ticklin' 'em. Yeah. And he starts tickling you. And pretty soon you laughing and hugging. Before you know it, you've forgotten the whole thing. Y'all just go to church together, and get an ice cream cone. Its effective

[@dannyf3135]

Great Documentary on Showtime about the Savage Skull Godmother they call her. She turned out to be a community activist.

[@perrymason4208]

Before hip hop shit was funky ya dig.

[@JuanMartinez-ek7cy]

Does somebody knows how many gangs were en the Bronx? Around 1970

[@christiananacassis795]

More than 100 every freaking block or around the corner

[@jackals1982]

by the way whats the group and song playing in the beginning?

[@WitchyWagonReal]

Pucho and his Latin Soul Brothers... 60's boogaloo... Chitlins con carne

[@vincentdemidio7902]

I was definitely a part of that so this brings back a lot of memories for me! Today's "trump-ettes" have absolutely no idea what our history is all about, but we MUST "educate" them, and as we all know, "education" can sometimes be painful!

[@robertyoung7823]

What a dumbass post. The only thing your teaching is stupidity

[@RobbedPierreDeus]

When i saw The Warriors as a kid, i thought all NYC gangs were like that.

[@nelsonperes1529]

I grew up, with the spades! Every other gang, and Mafia of course ,... But the spades were my brothers!

[@tamikachappelle1728]

Campy