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After living with it for years, I finally set out to diagnose the occasional clunks coming from the passenger-side front end of my 2014 Mazda3. The noise would occur intermittently when:
1️⃣ pulling out of a parking space at an angle,
2️⃣ resuming from a stop while turning the wheel, and
3️⃣ going straight over bumps and dips.
After ruling out the sway bar end link (temporarily removed for troubleshooting in the video), lower control arm ball joint, tie rod end, and strut mount, the culprit turned out to be the strut itself-and not just the shock absorber, but the coil spring as well.
While the shock reacted fine when tested outside of the car, it would clunk under load when the suspension experienced a sudden rise or fall, such as when going over bumps or dips. The shock absorber had probably become weakened and unable to react quickly enough to sudden shocks, leaving momentary gaps which allowed metal parts to bang together. Replacing the shock fixed the easy-to-reproduce clunk # 3️⃣, but not the more elusive clunks # 1️⃣ and 2️⃣.
It wasn't until the coil spring was also replaced that the steering-related clunks 1️⃣ and 2️⃣ were eliminated. Like the shock, the spring looked fine to the naked eye-my guess is that it must've been slightly crooked, which caused it to bind and snap when the strut rotated a certain way.