The FUTURE of 3D Printing? Computed Axial Lithography!

Taylor takes us on a VERY deep dive of Computed Axial Lithography. How it began, how it works, and what's going on with it TODAY. WOW.
Computed Axial Lithography Github
github.com/computed-axial-lit...
Discord: / discord
Lab: design-nano.berkeley.edu/
Additional Reading:
makezine.com/article/digital-...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
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[@BeardedPrinter]

Axial Lithography... so hot right now...

[@davidtobin]

I can see Will saying this. hahaha!

[@BeardedPrinter]

@@davidtobin that's exactly the voice I was imagining when I wrote it lol

[@weirdsciencetv4999]

Make the projector telecentric, this will make the rays all parallel. Also replace extended light source for the projector with a laser.

[@rotationalbox588]

Ha!

[@FLQ309L]

Lmao

[@nicellis44]

This is basically a CT scanner in reverse. A CT (computed tomography) works by having an Xray camera rapidly spin around an object taking hundreds of Xrays that a computer then reconstructs into a 3D scan of the object. This works in reverse, taking a 3D scan and splitting it into many still images that get projected like a video onto the object as it rotates. The high transparency of the resin means the light can pass through like an Xray and interact with the whole vial, but only cure when repeatedly exposed from multiple angles as the vial rotates.

[@czrobotczrobot2469]

more like PT (Proton / Particle Therapy) ... when you dose tisue with radiation to kill cancer from different angles to increase dossage on specific location.

[@barhamitzvah]

Hell yeah! Kudos to these folks for making things open source!

[@vineleak7676]

@@barhamitzvah I mean they work for a publicly funded institution, they should not have the right to patent or keep private technology which we all paid for...

[@DanteEhome]

It's not like we have any equipment for it.. And it means it might get commercialized.

[@reinux]

This dude's a really good presenter. He even has the textbook engineer nerd voice.

[@bricktube3871]

@@reinux I’m sure he will love to read that

[@reinux]

@@bricktube3871 I thought about that, but I do mean it in the best way possible :D

[@RainOrigami]

he sounds like a toned town version of styropyro, very fitting

[@ethansdad3d]

Really neat! The overprinting probably provides a lot of interesting use cases.

[@KnightsWithoutATable]

Multi material printing. Multi color printing.

[@JL-pc2eh]

@@KnightsWithoutATable bad comparision - more like pausing a print to insect screws or nuts :) It is more about beeing able to use different manufacturing techniques first before using 3D printing

[@omarwali6565]

Im an engineer at a prosthetics clinic and I am frothing at the mouth

[@pithlyx9576]

WOW, the implementation of print time alon, for medical supplies is incredible. BUT THE ABILITY TO PRINTOVER OBJECTS?! Especially at that scale is INSANE, great work. Excited to see this get used for incredible things.

[@noahjones5161]

This guy was on it! Taylor rules!

[@ChrisHarmon1]

These guys definitely had fun hanging out.

[@3DPrintingNerd]

Taylor is a blast!

[@Octocat]

I love it when science is also open source. This is amazing stuff!

[@polycrystallinecandy]

Most of science is

[@Mike_in_Office]

That is whole purpose of academics :D

[@K.D.Fischer_HEPHY]

Usually no secrets when working in science. Not a lot of money in it, but very nice to work in such an enviroment.

[@Preske]

Taylor mae this a joy to watch. Passionate about what they're going there, and able to communicate it in a natural way.

[@coder543]

"links down below"... yes, I see lots of links, but none of them seem to be relevant to the video? Shouldn't there be a link to the open source project y'all were discussing?

[@3DPrintingNerd]

yes. crud. I forgot when prepping the video yesterday. I'll get that done right now.

[@smokeysify]

@@3DPrintingNerd so awesome to see a responsive creator

[@DimitriSokolyuk]

Not much is going on here. Hardware: last imported 5 years ago, Software: last imported 3 years ago. And no further development.

[@flomojo2u]

@DimitriSokolyuk Very disappointing for something that's supposed to be in development and hot. A 3-year-old most recent commit seems like they've moved on and are no longer active, at least for this repot. I'd love to be proved wrong, however.

[@SnakebitSTI]

"This new design is expected to be available in June 2021." Yeah, seems like an abandoned repo.

[@AgentPothead]

This is a great video and Taylor just seems like a great person. I can feel the enthusiasm from here and it is infectious. 👍

[@M4ngolicious]

Cool to see a video of that. I visited UC Berkley 5 years ago and talked with Hossein Heidari (left one in your picture) about that. We also made a "Thinker" in a glass vile which I still have. Cool technology.

[@makers_lab]

@yourt00bz story.

[@astrodoug1]

So awesome. Thanks so much for sharing your expertise and advances. Can't wait to see what else you'll have to share in the future.

[@thenextlayer]

Oh snap, you're at my alma mater! Cool!

[@3DPrintingNerd]

It’s SUCH a good place!

[@InspectahPatio]

Taylor really is a great speaker. I thoroughly enjoyed this video, thanks!

[@3DPrintingNerd]

Thanks for watching! Taylor is such a good human.

[@earthwormbaby]

I've seen something like this about 20 years ago at NJIT. Instead of a projector they used multiple lasers around the object. Not sure what happened to it, though. The professor that showed me an example print was quite peeved that they were using it just to make models of molecules and not seeing the value of the creation.

[@EpicBenjo]

Wow!! Looking forward for this technology to improve!

[@matthewwilkinsonENGINEER]

Thank you Joel for your great coverage of such cool technology for our future! And thank you to all my fellow engineers making our tomorrow possible for the world to enjoy.

[@tjmagneto]

Automatic thumbs for using a Monty Python clip after someone says Python.

[@3DPrintingNerd]

😉

[@Vipcioo]

Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... Python... It reminds me of when I wrote my first programs in Basic, and then in assembler... Ha ha...

[@harriehausenman8623]

Beautiful video & anazing tech. Thanks for sharing this! 🤗

[@kormakkk]

This was awesome. My son has become interested in printing after we picked up an ender 3 se last Christmas. Creativity is the key to innovation.

[@3DPrintingNerd]

That is awesome!

[@rc.remedy]

Crazy to see how one technology leads to another, amazing stuff..

[@AFAR2809]

joel ma man, thank you for sharing 3d printing development with us. this is totally unique and awesome. you're awesome!

[@3amali1]

Fantastic work, BUT, what I don't get is how comes the photons passing through the resin to form the structure don't actually polymerise the path they pass through?! In fact they probably do but the intensity of the light is designed to be high where the structure is and lower on the way to it. This raises the question of how reusable the remaining resin which probably would contain semi-polymerised resin, which is unlike SLA is mostly reusable.. worth clarifying...

[@brandonquarles1484]

The resin is most likely calibrated to only respond to the laser’s focal point

[@belthesheep3550]

@@brandonquarles1484 It's not using a laser

[@tnttolleneuetipps9582]

@@belthesheep3550 I understood it, so that the lense of a projector can focus the light at one point, that’s why u need to twist the lense when having a projector to make the image crisp. The machine does that automatically and therefore can focus the light in a 3d space.

[@3amali1]

@@tnttolleneuetipps9582 yes the intensity of the light where the structure is must be the highest due to the focussing effect, but the resin on the way to the focal point will still cure even if that is slow cure the left over resin is unlikely re-usable.

[@johnnyrocko7105]

Probably a few different reasons #1 how fast the material cures #2 the black background that absorbs excess photons #3 the variable UV strength controlled by the program rather than a steady constant UV source But I'm not a scientist or an engineer, I'm just a mechanic that 3d prints in my spare time

[@0hN0es203]

That is very cool and very very exciting! I love science lol. Great video.

[@dawn9340]

Pretty neat! Thanks so much for sharing.

[@joshuanelson4559]

With this technology it’s just a matter of time until someone could be waiting on the surgical table while their new 3d printed organs are being made, truly fascinating

[@KiR_3d]

Wow! It's the feeling when I've 1st saw Blender 3d v2.56 :D I hope that you'll evolve in the right direction, guys! Very impressive stuff!

[@uroborous01]

This is awesome. And when its fully perfected and ready for the general masses for in home printing it will be an absolute 3d printing revolution.

[@Chad.The.Flornadian]

SO much potential with this tech. Taylor is cool too...knowledgeable and lively and not afraid of the camera.

[@DeAthWaGer]

Would an amber bottle help keep that solution safer in the light?

[@mynameisben123]

@@DeAthWaGer that’s what I thought when they said it’s very photosensitive

[@Incompetent_Matt]

Exactly! Reminds me of hydrogen peroxide. The bottles are brown since light will cause a photochemical reaction.

[@lasersterling]

I love these science based videos! Good stuff guys.

[@peterdocter4659]

I so hope this will develop massively and we'll have a commercial product in a few years!

[@Fahnder99]

If someone needs this, yes. Sorry, wants.

[@joelface]

Wish the video went more into the challenges of creating larger prints, and what they're doing to try and improve on that front.

[@jumbleblue]

Interesting, but will it scale? The light will have to pass through more and more of the medium when you want bigger prints.

[@nateholgate]

This is so cool. I can't wait for a startup company to come in and work with the Berkley team to create a commercial grade CAL printer. I predict that will happen in 3 to 4 years.

[@jeremyglover5541]

Cool stuff!! I gotta say, i was expecting a little bit more than 7 minutes in a ‘deep dive’

[@3DPrintingNerd]

We have more coming soon :)

[@ThomasAndersonbsf]

I am really glad photo catalytic processing has made it fully into the mainstream of 3D printing like this, we are not far from having everything except the ability to reclaim or print items directly from raw ores like I am currently working on, so by the time I am done I will be able to pull off the shelf developed processes to incorporate it into, Now if my 9-23 pin printer head design based multi fused filament print head were being worked on. need that code to allow going from 3D design to G-code to control it is all LOL Then we can have 3 hour prints happen in a minute or two instead of current 3 hour time lines.

[@DaMoNarch91]

I might have missed it, but why doesn't this need support? Is the cured plastic at the same density as the "goop"? Then when you printed the copper piece, how's that work

[@stanhauser]

Very nice - however, is it possible to print details that are inside the piece? Or models made of multiple layers of parts? For example, what if I want the center empty or made in a pattern like a honeycomb?

[@makers_lab]

I imagine weight of an object would become an issue beyond a certain point, in which case perhaps a hanging or supporting structure could be formed at the same time or first, and then the model printed so it wouldn't collapse in the fluid. Would obviously be great to see this scaled, although there are many applications that need small parts that it can essentially do already.

[@kilianlindlbauer8277]

Stuff has star trek replicator vibes

[@IloveElsaofArendelle]

I had the same thought

[@jaredf6205]

All we need to do now is combine this machine with AI generated 3-D models and will be able to just ask it to make some thing and it will appear before our eyes.

[@Tuffaha]

amazing! thank you very much for this video!

[@3DPrintingNerd]

Glad you liked it!

[@jnssmnsn]

That is so cool !

[@NonStick872]

I was going to day i remember see this around 2019/2020 ish the very first time, i was very excited when I saw it.

[@LelandHasGames]

This just blows my mind. This really is just magic. I cannot grasp how this is possible.

[@marcfruchtman9473]

This is really cool. What prevents the beam of light from solidifying the outer surface of the resin first?

[@TheJunky228]

I'm guessing they control the focus very carefully and have a very shallow depth of field on the optics for projecting the light. maybe for example it's really only exposing focused light right across the center of the container and the unfocused light is low enough intensity to not solidify the outer surface. so the part is really being exposed from the center outwards

[@Virakotxa]

@@TheJunky228 Probably why you need to voxelize the model, and not just project a turnaround... Something like 360º printing layers (in a spiral), held in mid-air. You would probably need cero G to print big parts, or maybe start over a core support. Also, likely all that magic is happening at a very narrow slice of the fluid.

[@brianegendorf2023]

That is pretty frickin' cool!

[@Fury9er]

I had a go getting the software to work a year ago but python was a bit fiddly and it wouldn't compile. I might have another go now. For a projector you could try a 2nd hand dlp one, they can be had for £40 ish on ebay. The bulb can still fire out enough uv to cure resin even if it takes longer. Ther are also ways to replace the bulb unit with a uv lamp. I was planning to try mixing standard resin with something to thicken it, or maybe just use supports to keep things simple. I work in dentistry so a lot resin I use is opaque. This would be fine for surgical guides and aligners however, cooking those up in 2 minutes would be very appealing.

[@Nah_Bohdi]

Very cool!

[@tozpeak]

Oooh, you should definetely print a Benchie in a bottle, but with a single run. I've seen this being done with some trickery, but having an actual tech to do this in one step seems to be much cooler. 😊

[@KnowArt]

that seems neat

[@herbetone]

Fascinating, thank you.

[@3DPrintingNerd]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@basementracer7622]

Ok so I am not a 3d printer guy but I am a science guy and this sir is epic! OMG the applications I can think of for tech like this. Wow, super cool.

[@bigironinteractive5747]

you get a thumbs up for using a real genius clip!

[@TheRealMcNuggs]

Wait, so while it's shining one image into the container it would basically cure one big slab that's throughout the whole cylinder? But since it's rotating most of the light crosses through the middle more often and that's why it cures only there (but still the outer/unwanted regions would get affected a little right?)?

[@AnthonyMoody]

WOOHOO GO TAYLOR! YEAHHHHHHH

[@AnderZ312]

love it, going to eliminate the need for super large hot presses that make parts, way less waste, seems like almost no waste.

[@Fahnder99]

Nice! Could you talk about current resolution and material properties (break mpa)?

[@GG-vn9qf]

Wow wow wow, what type of metal? This techs come a long, way fast. Still a long way to go but man is CAL is some real serous tech ;P Really do love it. Was thinking of ways to do this in color a few months back. lmao didn't make a tone of progress in actualizing anything but might have an idea or two.

[@pixieloco]

can't wait for that,

[@JakeWitmer]

Just as a matter of course, is there any way that you could include toughness specs relative to other printing methods' final results? ...And...if it's not too much to ask...maybe even ask a few questions about toughness, get a closeup camera shot of the printed "thinker", maybe show a drone propeller or bike-pedal printed with the stuff...maybe a breaking test like you did with the CCF "black aluminum" (nylon+CCF). ...I might actually want to use some of this stuff to try to do something useful. I'd like to know when we're getting close to open source 3D printed engines, etc.

[@EagleSoar1381]

So something like this, can it print large items or would there be issues with light penetration into a "deeper" liquid? Also, with this method can we assume it can ONLY print solid objects or would there be voids inside the resin?

[@blugobln85]

Should be able to make voids no problem, though you'd need to have a way for the fluid to get out of the void after.

[@EagleSoar1381]

@blugobln85 that's what I was thinking too. Might need to drill a hole or something

[@skywatcher369]

How accurate can the cooper parts be made? I'm really interested in this!

[@TheDeepDiveLLC]

This young guy was really bad at communicating at first, and over the year, him forcibly being the spokesman, hes gotten so much better

[@loopymind]

That is wiiiiiild!

[@ScottLahteine]

I’m surprised it’s not just projecting light through a single vertical slit for extra control over the exposure. Maybe that would be more important for larger objects. Either way, amazing!

[@dgriff4000]

What keeps the object being created from dropping to the bottom of the vial. If it is the viscosity of the magic goo then wouldn't there be a size limit in your printing? Or would there a pre-existing tether be employed?

[@KevinSmithGeo]

I expect the solid has close to the same density as the liquid resin.

[@Davifornication]

This really has a lot of similarities with computed tomography! I wonder if it could be possible to create this kind of prints using the radiographs obtained from a CT scan (with maybe some image processing to adapt them for the projection into the resin). Anyway, really interesting, thanks for sharing!

[@a_bar8579]

It is very nice to see scientific papers being produced on the ground

[@jimoray]

Excellent, but when are we going to have progress in research for the use of materials or resins that are non-toxic and can be used at home, or that the curing process is less complex?

[@jonotaylor5011]

Does it have to be rotational movement? Could the projector or the vial be translated back and forth to give the same effect? (The images would have to preprocessed to account for translation rather than rotation)

[@richardhall5489]

why?

[@f8keuser]

Seems interesting, so this requires like no supports? How big can you make prints?

[@nzalog]

So I'm assuming all the resin remaining in the bottle is not spent and unusable?

[@__S__435]

When will there be one of these that can print things that aren't teeny tiny?

[@MuddySalsa]

This guy has such an engaging personality. Idk wth he’s saying half the time but I’m excited to hear it.

[@3DPrintingNerd]

Taylor is such a good human.

[@removechan10298]

crisp haha great video, man

[@gfabasic32]

Wowzer!

[@SpareSomeChange8080]

What controls the depth of a voxel in the solution? How come it doesn't print the projection on the outer surface of the vat as a cylinder? Also, don't liquids move at different speeds in a rotating container, especially when it's closer to the surface? Would it not be safer rotating the projector around the vat?

[@KevinSmithGeo]

That's what they meant by "dosage". All of the resin is getting exposed but only the parts they want to harden are getting exposed enough to harden.

[@JFML1974]

Everything has a beginning!! The future 3D hardware and software.

[@NochSoEinKaddiFan]

The overprinting ability is insanely cool! But the process itself is already amazing

[@noahmith]

This is absolutely incredible… but could someone explain the light/curing part for dummies like me? I‘m not sure if i get it… How does the rest of the liquid not harden between the beamer and the to be printed object? Is it something with the focal length? How does that work with a full image then? i would kinda get it if it was a laser, but a beamer?! where does the precision come from? how come the parts that will be hardened can be controlled so precisely? before warching the video i expected some blobby prints, but these are already very detailed…

[@telephonevip3610]

на самом деле это не требуется. если вы посмотрите, как создают изображения из ниток, натянутых на гвоздики, расставленные по периметру изображения, вам станет понятней. вы мыслите как фотограф, а нужно мыслить с точки зрения того, сколько энергии было передано каждой точке среды за один оборот. И тогда вы поймёте.

[@Nathan-vq9ch]

Wow that's incredible, can you use beta in building & does Wayne King work their

[@user-it7kg3pm4q]

This is an interesting process and has some great applications, but it’s mostly limited to organic geometries and resolution is limited.

[@davidtobin]

If you watch the whole episode you'll see they did it with metals as well.

[@user-it7kg3pm4q]

@@davidtobinThat’s called over molding and is one of the benefits of this technology.

[@akeem2752]

Aye, Taylor did that shit. He's a natural

[@deltacx1059]

3:02 i care more about open source hardware. How do we build the machine and how do we make or get the resin.

[@TheRealFOSFOR]

Nice! I'm surprised it works with a single projector. I would imagine it creates lines all the way through the 'goo'. I suppose the focusing distance has a big impact on this, but still, there is kind of excess light continuously going through the medium, curing it.

[@blugobln85]

I think the trick is that the goo only cures if it has light consistently pushed through it. The rotation is why it doesn't have "lines" where the light projects through - it is only where the lines intersect consistently (thus the precise calculation for the projected images) that it cures.

[@josepmaringarces960]

I would rotate the projector, that way your fluid might be more stable and perhaps achieve better printing result, just an idea :)

[@dukdog]

I wish you'd zoomed in on the thinker you printed.

[@bkkorner]

Can you change the size (s)?

[@GrimmSpector]

Brilliant.

[@GamekNightPlays]

I want one!

[@ATH3IST-FLuKE]

Give it a century and we will have Star Trek style replicators. Science is friggin awesome

[@watsonstudios]

But is it just a "line of sight" process? Meaning you can't print an object with interior details? How would that work?

[@802Garage]

This is just magic.

[@Proton_Decay]

Can this be done like Lytro cameras, but backwards?

[@avinashthakur80]

That's really interesting. I have a doubt though. When we are rotating a container filled with liquid, the liquid may not rotate with same rate as the container. This effect will be lower for a liquid with high viscosity and less density, but it will always be present. Does this pose an issue in this technique? The solution could be simple, i.e. rotate it slowly or rotate the light source.

[@Igniferi]

They ARE rotating it slowly, looks like one rotation takes about 8 seconds

[@XKS99]

You can probably run several projectors simultaneously arranged around the target in a sphere.

[@cse9839]

This is awesome. Is it, by nature, limited in its ability to print articulated products?