Sphere's excellent. Michael Crichton was such an accomplished writer and as a trained medical doctor he was great at science based topics. I don't think you'll be disappointed and another you might really like is Prey and the rather famous The Andromeda Strain. I read a lot of Nevil Shute's books when I was 14 yrs old, but as that was in the mid 1960s I honestly can't remember any details at all, lol. Some great books there. Cheers. :)
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@DevonExplorer Thanks for the info! I’m actually doubling up on Crichton this month with The Andromeda Strain and Sphere!
@Kim_Miller2 ай бұрын
I read On The Beach as a teenager in the 60s. It must have been pretty new back then. There are a few vaguely remembered passages still in my mind, the most prominent is the guy racing his Ferrari around a desolate Melbourne. Reading the comments about it here reminds me that its lack of action reflects the 'not with a bang but a whimper' sense of the world ending.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@Kim_Miller Driving a Ferrari around Melbourne would be an experience for sure haha
@wilhelm-z4t2 ай бұрын
The movie's not bad, either. Don't like the mercy-killing aspect, though. It's also a political polemic. If you can ignore those aspects, an interesting read and film. Post apocalyptic but not SF. More social commentary. As I recall, the book was required reading in my high school.
@markdurand90762 ай бұрын
A Canticle for Leibowitz is a classic post apocalypse novel. A must read for fans.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@markdurand9076 I read it a couple of years ago. Glad you liked it!
@wilhelm-z4t2 ай бұрын
Absolutely!! A fantastic book. I wish they'd make a movie from it. I suppose some people might be turned-off by the traditional Christian themes, but that's their problem.
@wilhelm-z4t2 ай бұрын
When I was in middle school, we read a number of short stories. Things like the _Monkey's Paw, The Necklace, and Second Night Out._ All of them were amazingly good. But one stood out in particular for me. That was _By the Waters of Babylon_ by Stephen Vincent Benét. It's a post-apocalyptic short story first published July 31, 1937, in _The Saturday Evening Post_ as _The Place of the Gods._ Besides being a good story, the amazing thing is there is something in it that accurately predicts a future development or seems to. Regardless, an excellent short-story.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@wilhelm-z4t Thanks for the recommendations!
@darthandy61612 ай бұрын
Huzzah for Sphere! I read it almost 20 years ago, but I remember really enjoying it.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@darthandy6161 Nice!
@mormengil2 ай бұрын
High Rise was the last book I gave to my mother to read before she passed, and she really liked it. So it has huge sentimental value for me. And also I find it extremely hard to sit down and read it now....
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@mormengil That’s sad but also a good memory to have ❤️
@astrosquirrel50382 ай бұрын
Sphere is one of my all time novels. Crichton was brilliant and I think it’s his best work, so you’re in for a treat!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@astrosquirrel5038 Awesome!
@Scottlp22 ай бұрын
The movie is only so so, but I read that Dustin Hoffman said it needed more time to fix that they didn’t have.
@DJYoue2 ай бұрын
I've read four (I think) Crichten novels, but not got arround to Sphere yet, looking forward to hearing your take!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@DJYoue I’ll be starting it pretty soon!
@Paul_McSeol2 ай бұрын
Handmaids Tale is amazing. Reminded me of V for Vendetta. And Sphere is my favorite Crichton book. Hope you enjoy!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@Paul_McSeol I love V for Vendetta so I’m looking forward to it.
@wilhelm-z4t2 ай бұрын
_The Marching Morons_ is dystopian SF novella by Cyril M. Kornbluth, published in April 1951. It's a tale for our times, very much dependent on your p.o.v., though! He also wrote the excellent _The Little Black Bag._ There's also _The Day of the Triffids,_ a 1951 post-apocalyptic novel by John Wyndham. More YA, but still entertaining, I think, are _The Tripods_ series of YA SF novels by John Christopher.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@wilhelm-z4t I’ve read The Day of the Triffids and quite liked it. I’ll have to check out the others.
@toddblanchard77652 ай бұрын
I have read Sphere - I would call it "OK" perhaps 6 out of 10. The pages do tend to turn themselves, but in the end, it seemed to have little heft or lasting power. Enjoy.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@toddblanchard7765 I’ve heard that about Crichton books. Great stories that can be anticlimactic.
@paulallison64182 ай бұрын
Hi Jonathan, loved the video and what a list here! 6 great dystopian novels of which I have only read two of them. The other 4 are either already on my TBR or they soon will be. The book I know least of all is Vurt but Jeff Noon is an author on the move so I am sure it will be interesting. The rest are famous all time classics, enjoy!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@paulallison6418 I’m glad you enjoyed it! And Vurt sounds unique so I’m looking forward to it.
@rhoadsy2 ай бұрын
Two of my favorite dystopian novels that are on the odd side are Shades of Grey by Jasper Fforde and The Book of Dave by Will Self.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@rhoadsy I’ve head of Shades of Grey, I’ll have to check out The Book of Dave!
@asajohannesson20122 ай бұрын
I read On the Beach when I was about 17, for school. I remember liking it. I've never felt the urge to read it again. I read Ice last year, I think. It was...strange...
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@asajohannesson2012 That’s ominous haha
@TuftyMcTavish2 ай бұрын
Lots of oldies in this set... but wait, *six* seasons of “The Handmaid’s Tale”?! Whoa. I think I’ve only seen S1 and S2. I had no idea it had been chugging along for so long.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@TuftyMcTavish Haha yeah I remember there being a lot of buzz when it started. Apparently it’s still going.
@douglasdea6372 ай бұрын
Not quite dystopian but three horror-sci-fi books that I like: 1. Lucifer's Hammer by Niven and Pournelle. A comet hits Earth and survivors fight for life. 2. Legacy of Heorot, also by Niven and Pournelle. A human colony on an alien world is beset by a series of monsters. 3. The Terror by Dan Simmons. A tale of the Franklin expedition. Two ships are stuck in ice in the frozen north when a mysterious monster attacks. For true dystopian I recently read Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler. Not really sci-fi except that it takes place in the "future" of 2024+. Society is controlled by a conservative/libertarian government and communities become walled off enclaves. Everything becomes scarce as companies revert to wage slavery and corporate scrip. People go crazy with a new drug and start destroying everything. A teenage girl observes all of this as she starts working on a new religion.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@douglasdea637 Thanks for the recommendations! I haven’t read The Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler but recently read Dawn.
@dipanjanbiswas65802 ай бұрын
Love the idea of manuscripts!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@dipanjanbiswas6580 Yeah, they’re unique books!
@NancyFeusse2 ай бұрын
I read On the Beach in the mid-80’s, when the Cold War was going full fledge. Most of the book was good though not award-winning, but the ending was amazingly powerful! It really captured the fears that were a daily reality back then. Definitely worth reading!!!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@NancyFeusse Good to hear!
@snaredman12 ай бұрын
Sphere is phenomenal, I definitely think you are going to like it!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@snaredman1 That’s good to hear!
@thomasray2 ай бұрын
The future isn't bleak, the best is yet to come!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@thomasray Haha I love the optimism!
@expressoric2 ай бұрын
"Ice" is a really brilliant novel, in which a catastrophe is the nemesis of an evil government, and doesn't even focus on the dystopian theme. I don't like "High Rise" as much as some other novels by Ballard, but it's still very good. "The Handmaid's Tale" is very dreary. I think that "Nineteen Eighty-Four" has influenced all of those novels.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@expressoric Good to know! I’m looking forward to Ice!
@PrivateIvan2 ай бұрын
I've read On the Beach, and I can kind of agree with Asimov; Shute's novel is aimed at "normies," trying to sway them against nuclear war. I'd rather recommend the 1959 film with Gregory Peck and an all-star cast (for the time) including a non-dancing Fred Astaire as an extremely disenchanted nuclear scientist. Actually, thinking about it: the film is *more* sci-fi than the novel, especially the very creepy scenes of the sailor armored in anti-radiation gear exploring a deserted San Francisco. Besides, the movies only about 2 hours. On the other hand, High-Rise is one of my fave Ballard novels, so I wasn't predisposed toward the film (I've started it three times and yet to finish). Enjoy your reads! Thanks for another great vid!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@PrivateIvan Interesting! Thanks for the info!
@bookjack2 ай бұрын
I've been wanting to read Ice for awhile. Great picks. Lots I hadn't heard of
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@bookjack Hope you enjoy Ice!
@JohnG2252 ай бұрын
Ice, Handmail's Tale and Vurt have been sat on the TBR for a while. Keep meaning to get High-Rise.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@JohnG225 Hope you enjoy them if you pick them up!
@bartsbookspace2 ай бұрын
I wonder if you’ll enjoy Ice. The “dream” feel permeates the whole novel. I thought it was a unique and at times stunning read, though I was baffled by the story and came away scratching my head.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@bartsbookspace Haha sounds like a challenge.
@lightbearer3132 ай бұрын
If you liked High Rise, two other of his books also examining the human condition but on a smaller scale that I recommend are Crash and Concrete Island. The last one is the story of just one man, and is my favourite Ballard novel.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@lightbearer313 Good to know!
@Cosmic-Industry2 ай бұрын
For the first time I read already more than half of the recommendations: High-Rise, 1984, The Handmaid’s Tale and Vurt. Probably Vurt is the less known of the four but it’s a proper psychedelic rollercoaster! It was one of the very first books I read in English (which is not my native language) and it took me ages to finish. I always wanted to give it a second read. High-Rise is the book that made me fall in love with Ballard. I love the social commentary behind! I read The Handmaid’s Tale exactly when the Talibans came back into power in Afghanistan, and it hit me pretty hard because I could see the plot of the book unfolding in front of my eyes. 1984 is a well beloved classic and deserves its cult status. I’m looking forward to read On the Beach and Ice!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@Cosmic-Industry Nice! Those are all good reviews so I’m looking forward to them. Hope you enjoy the other two!
@mboyle1629 күн бұрын
Sphere is my second favorite Crichton book ever.
@WordsinTime29 күн бұрын
@@mboyle16 Nice! I enjoyed it!
@mboyle1629 күн бұрын
@ thanks for replying. I did see your thoughts on it. I'm glad you liked it. I just found it to be a sneaky psychological horror book inside a soft sci-fi book. I have subscribed to your channel. Keep up the good work.
@WordsinTime29 күн бұрын
@ Glad to have you as part of the channel!
@cherylmccutchan12822 ай бұрын
I really need to reread Handmaid's Tale. I would add to your list of dystopian adjectives "subjugation" and "enslavement". I think Handmaid's Tale would be great in conjunction with Brave New World. I was also totally enthralled by the book and movie A Clockwork Orange so Vurt might be a good choice for me also.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@cherylmccutchan1282 The Handmaid’s Tale is the next book I’m going to read!
@cindywingetbooks2 ай бұрын
I just bought Sphere at a library sale. Looking forward to hearing your thoughts on it. I am one of the few people that didn't really care for The Handmaid's Tale. I felt like the world building was lacking.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@cindywingetbooks Nice, I’m looking forward to Sphere.
@mikesnyder17882 ай бұрын
"On the Beach" will be too slow and too soft for many science fiction readers but when I read it back in the early 1960's the impact was devastating and long lasting! And yes "A town like Alice" is not science fiction but this story of female internees being subjected to the horrors of the Japanese Imperial Army during WWII is an electrifying novel. Nevil Shute was a masterful storyteller!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@mikesnyder1788 Nice, I’m glad you enjoyed them!
@mondostrat2 ай бұрын
Vurt sounds like it my be up my street. Neuromancer & Clockwork Orange are a couple of favorites.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@mondostrat Yeah, it sounds super cool!
@BookishChas2 ай бұрын
Great video Jonathan! I’ve been on the fence about reading the Handmaids tale. I’ve heard Sphere is really good.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@BookishChas Cheers Chas! I’ll let you know my thoughts soon!
@InvadrFae2 ай бұрын
Handmaid's Tale is really good actually, I didn't think I was going to like it either, but I was surprised
@BookishChas2 ай бұрын
@@InvadrFae oh that’s good to hear, thank you!
@km-bo3zx2 ай бұрын
I read “On the Beach” when I was in high school (50+ years ago). I remember little about it, except that it was a light read, with little action. Just a slow progression to an unsatisfying ending…..
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@km-bo3zx Hopefully I find something in it to enjoy!
@stephenmorton80172 ай бұрын
they made a movie of this one.
@mariosalerno87662 ай бұрын
I've never read On the beach because it was never translated to portuguese, but I remember there is a film based on this book, starred by Gregory Peck!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@mariosalerno8766 It seems people enjoyed the film!
@buddyneher93592 ай бұрын
@@WordsinTime there are several films of On the Beach because it was remade a couple of times. If you only watch one, watch the original. But as with the book, seems like a lot of commenters here don't really get subtlety. A lot of what you get out of this book depends on what you bring to it.
@OurRawHeart2 ай бұрын
Only read On The Beach last month There was a wonderful, almost polite, naivete about impending radiation and its death knell.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@OurRawHeart Interesting!
@chromabotia2 ай бұрын
Personally, I'm a little burned out on "dystopian" sci-fi because the world, in reality, has become so dystopian. Margret Atwood writes so well that I would recommend any of her books. Also, of note, "The Last Dangerous Visions" anthology, edited by Harlan Ellison drops this month. It is being published posthumously as Harlan Ellison passed in 2018. The man that made this happen is J. Michael Straczynski, a life long friend of Harlan Ellison. Straczynski, is known as the creator and writer of Babylon 5 (2 Hugos for Babylon 5), Sense8 and many other projects. The proceeds from this book will go to restoration of Ellison's home, " Lost Aztec Temple of Mars," in Los Angles, CA. JMS is heading the restoration efforts. Thanks Jonathan, for having the best sci-fi channel around!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@chromabotia I like to read dystopian books and then take a break from them because they can be heavy or depressing. Thanks for the info on Straczynski!
@sjoerdth2 ай бұрын
It's probably been over 20 years since I've read them, but at one point I had a minor obsession with the books (four standalones) in the "Vurt-verse." Vurt has one of my favorite opening lines: "A young boy puts a feather into his mouth." Since it's been so long since I read them and seemingly no one is talking about these books, I started to wonder if maybe current me wouldn't agree with past me's opinion. So I'm interested in what your opinion would be. I remember Noon's prose, style and world building as something really unique, hard to describe it, the first thing that comes to mind is "jazz infused", although I'm not much of a jazz guy 😅 I wouldn't say Vurt is dystopian, but maybe that's also something I'm misremembering.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@sjoerdth Sounds trippy! Looking forward to it!
@sjoerdth2 ай бұрын
@@WordsinTime Trippy is actually extremely apt in Vurt's case 🙂
@stephenmorton80172 ай бұрын
Turner's Drowning Towers fits all your bills here. Australian Author, set in Australia and dystopian. Simmons' Flashback is set in a balkanized USA in the throes of a permanent drug epidemic. cheers! lol.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@stephenmorton8017 Haha thanks for the info!
@RenkotheLibrarian2 ай бұрын
Vurt was recommended to me recently by a non-scifi reader. That could be a sign of a quality read. Ice has a lot of great atmosphere. Just don't expect to understand what's going on 70% of the time (at least, I had a hard time 😅)
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@RenkotheLibrarian Haha good to know!
@wilhelm-z4t2 ай бұрын
_Earth Abides_ is a 1949 post-apocalyptic SF novel by George R. Stewart. An unknown plague wipes out most of mankind and the survivors gradually revert to primitivism. Maybe only mildly dystopian. Also a little bit dated. The author was quite taken with the predator-prey model which must have been rather novel at the time. Apparently, Stephen King has said that _Earth Abides_ was an inspiration for his post-apocalyptic novel, _The Stand._ Cormac McCarthy's _The Road_ is sort of similar, too.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@wilhelm-z4t Earth Abides and The Road are great. I haven’t read The Stand yet but I want to.
@DaBIONICLEFan2 ай бұрын
I read Shute's On the Beach 3 or 4 years ago, I remember it being pretty slow. Not much happens in it, just a forewarning - though to its credit I recall the ending being quite poignant.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@DaBIONICLEFan Thanks for the heads up!
@JSmithHendricks2 ай бұрын
This video made me want to reach On the Beach!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@JSmithHendricks Hope you enjoy!
@JSmithHendricksАй бұрын
@@WordsinTimeSo I went and read it and…it was certainly an intriguing premise, but…I found it dragged a bit. The characters and their plight were compelling at times, but I wouldn’t call it a must-read
@WordsinTimeАй бұрын
@ Thanks for the heads up!
@FrankOdonnell-ej3hd2 ай бұрын
I’ve read Vurt and the Handmaid’s Tale and liked them both. Pretty sure On the Beach was made into a film but think I only saw part of it. Probably the only sci-fi novel I’ve read that was set in Australia was called Lexicon by Max Barry and I really loved it. Read all of Crichton’s novels and liked Sphere but it isn’t in the same league as Jurassic Park or the andromeda Strain. Be well.⚛️❤
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@FrankOdonnell-ej3hd Thanks for the info! I’m looking forward to those!
@buddyneher93592 ай бұрын
That's a rather churlish comment of Asimov's toward On the Beach. On the Beach is a classic for a reason. And I daresay it's aged better that a fair bit o what Asimov wrote.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@buddyneher9359 Hopefully I like it more than he did!
@LadyPhoenix622 ай бұрын
If you haven’t read Swan Song by Robert McCammon, I highly recommend it. It’s a post nuclear war story with a touch of the supernatural
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@LadyPhoenix62 I’ve heard great things!
@Deosis2 ай бұрын
I watched the movie adaptation of Sphere, which was nice enough, and I keep forgetting Crichton write it. Haven't read the book.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@Deosis He had so many books get adapted, it’s impressive,
@Unpotted2 ай бұрын
Space horror is the only kind of horror I read. The Alien and Predator novels are a lot of fun, as well as any alien invasion novel. Btw, had no idea you were in the USA now. Whereabouts? 😺✌️
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@Unpotted I used to live in Sydney and now I live in Los Angeles.
@douglasdea6372 ай бұрын
I recommend Legacy of Heorot, by Niven and Pournelle. A human colony on an alien world is beset by monsters.
@MirrorReaper12 ай бұрын
Ice is one of Bookpilled's all-time favourites, so just be warned. :p
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@MirrorReaper1 Haha I hope I like it
@TheRealPaulMarshall2 ай бұрын
'On the Beach' is not science fiction. It uses a nuclear war to ask the question: If you knew that you would die on the day after tomorrow, why would you do the particular things that you would do tomorrow? It does that very well.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
That’s an interesting thought experiment.
@lissavanhouten66282 ай бұрын
Another possibility?: Adrian Tchaikovsky's Cage of Souls.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@lissavanhouten6628 Nice! I’ve read 3 Tchaikovsky books but haven’t read Cage of Souls yet.
@lissavanhouten66282 ай бұрын
@@WordsinTime I just started reading some of his works. I like his writing and the interesting ideas, worlds and characters he comes up with.
@marjoriedonnett54672 ай бұрын
I read On the Beach many years ago and was relieved to know that the science in the novel doesn't work (but frightening alternative dystopian endings sometimes do work, scientifically, unfortunately). Great book, though. 1984, which I've read more than once, seems more and more possible. I absolutely hated The Handmaid's Tale, and avoid that author's novels as much as possible.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@marjoriedonnett5467 Interesting!
@tomhunter76722 ай бұрын
I find that the newer generation of readers do not enjoy books such as "House on Haunted Hill", or "On the Beach." Probably always happens. different eras; different styles. "On the Beach" is character driven. The world is coming to an end. How will the survivors react.
@buddyneher93592 ай бұрын
I agree. Subtlety seems to be lost on a lot of commenters here, who may be representative of newer generations of readers.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@tomhunter7672 Thanks for the info!
@psikeyhackr69142 ай бұрын
Saw the movie, On the Beach, multiple times but never read the book.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@psikeyhackr6914 Must have been pretty good!
@psikeyhackr69142 ай бұрын
@@WordsinTime Fred Astaire was Cool!
@danielsan999992 ай бұрын
Hi Jonathan! I have read On the Beach 3 times in the past 35 years. Is not, by any means, dystopian. Also, is not Post apocalyptic, is plain Apocalyptic! Is one of the bleakest novels ever writen. I can´t recomend it enough!!!
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@danielsan99999 I’m glad you enjoyed it! I feel like any apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic setting is an inherently dystopian future so the different subgenres can overlap.
@TheRedPolyhedral2 ай бұрын
I've read On the Beach, and it is not a book to be lightly set aside. It is a book to be hurled aside with great force. It is a hateful book, and I'd also say it isn't really sci-fi: for me it's speculative fiction or alternative history. Without wishing to spoil the plot for anyone, there is a baby involved at one point, which the author repeatedly refers to as "it" rather than "she". I found the characters fairly shallow and even two-dimensional at times As another comment said, it is a light read, but I wouldn't recommend it to anyone. Use the paper to light your fire or line your hamster's cage instead. Asimov didn't go far enough in his criticism. If you want a good classical dystopian sci-fi book, try Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, or even Ape and Essence by the same author.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@TheRedPolyhedral Uh oh. Good to know haha
@thomasoa2 ай бұрын
I was disappointed with Hi-Rise. It is more allegory or metaphor than science fiction, more Animal Farm than 1984. There isn't really an explanation for why the rest of the world doesn't matter. But maybe going in knowing that will make it less frustrating to read.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@thomasoa Good to know!
@excaliburknives35722 ай бұрын
The fact that The Road by Cormac McCarthy isn’t up here is a crime.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@excaliburknives3572 I’ve already read it. It was in my top 25 sci-fi books of all time list. This isn’t a “best of” list, it’s books that I purchased recently.
@excaliburknives35722 ай бұрын
@@WordsinTime oh my bad. Sorry.
@wilhelm-z4t2 ай бұрын
Yeah, a great gothic post-apocalyptic tale. Really, really depressing, though. Again, the film is pretty good, too. Also depressing as fook!
@thecryptile2 ай бұрын
On The Beach is a very bleak read and made into an equally bleak film; which is on KZbin right now.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@thecryptile Good to know!
@reynoldsmathey2 ай бұрын
Just finished The Handmaid's Tale. A prescient and important book, made more relevant than ever. I have hopes that this will never happen, though. The people in the book looked like they were sleepwalking into authoritarianism and I don't see that happening in a contemporary America because we are able to communicate directly to one another without recourse to a central authority.
@WordsinTime2 ай бұрын
@@reynoldsmathey That’s a good point. I wonder what a difference technology such as social media and instant messaging would make in this kind of scenario.