A lecture discussing the phenomenon of physiologic compensation for derangements of acid-base balance, and how to use an understanding of compensation to identify the presence of mixed acid-base disorders.
Пікірлер: 107
@yannur6841 Жыл бұрын
After more than a decade!!! This channel is a miracle!! Thank you som much!! Just the shortcut is awesome by itself!
@1860mc9 жыл бұрын
Thank you Erik your a true gentleman for allowing these learning resources to be shares around the world. The introductory music is fantastic too ☺
@drharveyshahnam6 жыл бұрын
one of the best lectures on acid-base I have come across on youtube
@omarsanduka818 Жыл бұрын
By far the most informative, coherent video I've seen about ABG compensation. Thank you!
@sunving4 жыл бұрын
Thank you Dr Strong,I listen to this second time.
@sharonvaisberg18194 жыл бұрын
REAL MVP. Literally crushed my cardio pulm unit in medical school because of you. The best
@laurentiu2449 жыл бұрын
Difficult concept explained simply and clearly . Thank you .
@ghaffasa11 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much for these lectures. Acid-base-physiology has always haunted me as one of my weaker points. Your videos however, have really helped to clarify the concepts!
@aci.6 жыл бұрын
Well-explained! Thank you Dr Strong! 💪
@willaimmiller863612 жыл бұрын
Thanks so much for these series of lectures!
@StrongMed12 жыл бұрын
Although the PCO2 of 32 is lower than 40 (which would initially argue against a resp. acidosis), it is not nearly as low as predicted by the compensation equation. (Winter's formula predicts that the PCO2 in a metabolic acidosis will be approx. equal to (1.5 x HCO3) + 8, which in this case is 23.) In other words, if the resp. system was working normally, it would be doing some extreme hyperventilation in an attempt to counteract the extremely low pH from the metabolic acidosis.
@sorayaarzhan40738 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much Eric. This video was awesome... (also the other videos)
@67aroosakhawaja822 жыл бұрын
Your teaching style is so awesome 👍
@StrongMed12 жыл бұрын
The converse of this is slightly incongruous, in that there can be "partial metabolic compensation" for a respiratory disorder if the respiratory process has not been going on for long enough for the kidneys to have completely adjusted their handling of H+ and HCO3- for the degree of respiratory-induced acid-base imbalance. Hope this helps!
@sunving2 жыл бұрын
Great lecture , this one is the best :)
@gmcbmc9445 Жыл бұрын
Thank you for your awesome lecture. You saved my day❤❤❤
@thebonifaciogarcia4 жыл бұрын
Really good videos!
@scottsantinon1778 жыл бұрын
Hi Dr Strong, Thank you again so much for these mind-blowingly great videos. In patients with acute on chronic disorders (let's say acute on chronic hypercapnia secondary to an infective exacerbation of COPD), would you use the acute or chronic formula for calculating if compensation was adequate?
@NaeemRiaz2 жыл бұрын
the shortcut method is really helpful.
@matthewxavier26255 жыл бұрын
Thanks for another excellent video! One question, how do we decide if to use the acute vs the chronic formula for respiratory disorders? Is it only based on the clinical scenario given (as was demonstrated here)
@sha45654 жыл бұрын
This is very useful. thanxs
@gabrielalfa9 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much ...
@malaytranslator45895 жыл бұрын
I hate (love) those shortcuts. Thank you so much Sir. May Allah bless you.
@DocHemulin7 жыл бұрын
Hello Dr. Strong, I would like to note an exception to the statement you made regarding "compensation does not return the pH to normal". "Chronic respiratory alkalosis when prolonged is an exception to this rule and often returns the pH to a normal value. " (Harrison's 19th edition, ch. 66).
@HafizahHoshni6 жыл бұрын
Thank youuu so much!
@basimali27335 жыл бұрын
Hi Dr Eric. When evaluating compensation for metabolic disorders by looking at the last two digits of the pH and PaCO2 (shortcut method), how close do you think is 'close enough'? In the examples that you give in this video and when the problem has appropriate compensation, the last 2 digits of the pH and PaCO2 don't seem to differ by more than 2 numbers. But in later videos, even when they differ by up to 4 numbers (so eg: pH of 7.50 and PaCO2 of 54), this is still 'appropriate' compensation if calculated by the Winter's Formula.
@nadiaelhani95235 жыл бұрын
Thank you!!
@nikolohernandez4234 Жыл бұрын
AMAZING!
@lauracarrillo8847 жыл бұрын
@strong Medicine, Sir firstly I love your lectures, I want to thank you for providing them for students and physicians around the world; secondly I have a question regarding example number 3 , if the disorder was acute and respiratory , how come it has an elevated HCO3 ? wouldn't it be to soon as metabolic compensation takes a minimum of 24 h ? or is it a product of the second metabolic disorder (metabolic alkalosis)? :)
@divinelight56235 ай бұрын
Great video sir
@driffat10011 жыл бұрын
thanks for this informative lecture which help us a lot to understand concepts of acid base disorders.can you explain the last example that either it is acute or chronic respiratory acidosis.still confuse by compensation concepts.
@swetashrestha73836 жыл бұрын
Thank u so much...
@sunving4 жыл бұрын
thanks Dr Strong
@bokbok-oo5sq3 жыл бұрын
Hello Dr Strong! Thank you very much for helping us in medical studies! I really appreciate it! The third exp of The fourth lesson of ABG interpretation is confusing me because i can not understand why The 2nd disorder is a metabolic alkalosis. I read all The answers that you gave to The other students but i still cant understand it. Is there any rules to follow to avoid my or our confusion? Thank so much in advance and have a Nice weekend!
@mohammedsaeed52006 жыл бұрын
When calculating expected compensation, is it better to use baseline values (if available) instead of fixed presumed normal values? An example where this would make a difference in calculation is hypercapnia at baseline in COPD. What do you think?
@darkdogisout12 жыл бұрын
Your answer will probably be: because it is more complicated then you think. Right? My way of thinking about this problem is probably to superficial and needs adjusting. Many thanks by the way for your effort to help the medical community.
@coupondiscount95096 жыл бұрын
THANK YOU VERY MUCH YOU ARE GREAT YOU EXPLAIN IT IN SUCH A GREAT WAY THANK YOU THANK THANK YOU BUT I HAVE A QUESTION: i don not really absorb that when you say the actual is greater than the expected so the secendary disorder is .... ??? what is base for that ?? i mean if it is lower what does it mean and if it is upper or greater than predected what does it mean ?>?? please answer me ????
@aliehsan20894 жыл бұрын
When the cause of metabolic alkalosis is extra renal for example vomiting (given normal kidney function) will we have a renal compensation apart from the not so robust respiratory one ? Thanks for amazing videos!
@yinyuan49028 жыл бұрын
Hi Dr Strong, Firstly thank you for your amazing lectures. I found the series on ABG interpretation incredibly useful as it managed to be both thorough and easy to follow at the same time. Definitely the best resource on this topic I've found. I just had a question regarding compensation- you said the body never overcompensates, which I take to mean under normal physiological circumstances. But what about after we intervene? Specifically, a patient with acute on chronic type 2 respiratory failure (eg. infective exacerbation of COPD) who we then put on bipap. Say if we successfully ventilate them but 'overtreat' and return the CO2 to normal levels, could they then have a metabolic alkalosis because their bicarb (which is normally elevated at baseline) hasn't decreased as metabolic compensation takes longer to occur? Thank you!
@StrongMed8 жыл бұрын
+Yin Yuan That's a good question, and people have different terms they use to describe this. For example, some refer to this as a "post-hypercapnic metabolic alkalosis". It's best to not think of it as "overcompensation" as much as normal compensation which has persisted beyond the duration of the original primary acid-base disturbance. Perhaps it's semantics, but it seems like a more logical way to frame the physiology.
@yinyuan49028 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@StrongMed12 жыл бұрын
In this case, the degree of hyperventilation is not extreme, but actually more modest. It's not uncommon for people to refer to this situation as "partial compensation", but I think that terminology is misleading since it under-emphasizes that there must be a primary respiratory disorder present in order for the respiratory compensation to not be complete. Sometimes, a resp. disorder that's labeled as "partial compensation" can actually be more acutely important than the metabolic process.
@esraahamdi254 жыл бұрын
Thanks 🌼
@sairibrahimmd4 жыл бұрын
Thank you
@estherssebbowa30432 жыл бұрын
This really hurt the cerebrum - but really really good - thank you
@DocJeff1106 жыл бұрын
Thanks
@driffat10011 жыл бұрын
is it right to say that in last example chronic resp acidosis with compensation of met alkalosis?
@mohd1nagyyyyy3 жыл бұрын
exactly
@RaBu-ny2ur Жыл бұрын
Excellant .
@jga47505 жыл бұрын
GOD BLESS U
@drnykterstein_ Жыл бұрын
at what time do we consider acute or chronic? Is over 24 hrs with the condition chronic? thanks
@drnykterstein_5 ай бұрын
I come back to this video every time I revise acid base. Best one on the youtube! Kudos!
@khan85908 жыл бұрын
great lecture sir bt is hw to distinguish between acute and chronic process as patient coming to er are mstly acute on chronic wat formulas to apply then
@matthewxavier26255 жыл бұрын
Same thing I'm wondering. How do we decide if to use the acute vs the chronic formula for respiratory disorders? Some sources online have an equation which uses the change in PH, but Dr. Strong judged based on the clinical setting
@memyselfandi930 Жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@StrongMed Жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@gurukuul70226 жыл бұрын
Hello Doc ,Shouldn't the 3rd example answer be chronic respiratory acidosis ??? So metabolic compensation by retaining HCO3
@benjabenja25762 жыл бұрын
I agree with you. I didn't see any second disorder in that example. That is purely a chronic compensation for resiratory acidosis.
@akshattrivedi7417 Жыл бұрын
The bicarb should actually be around 50 Paco2 increased by 25 so bicarb should be 24+25=50 If it was chronic then patient should be responsive with baseline around 55-60 Hence not chronic
Hello, in the last example why is the secondary disorder metabolic alkalosis instead of metabolic acidosis? Would someone please care to explain as I can't seem to make sense of it
@dr.shabrishgowda13096 жыл бұрын
coolgirlrom Here the actual increase of HCO3 from baseline (34) is HIGHER than that of the calculated compensation ( which is 26.5). Therefore the seconds disorder present is metabolic alkalosis 😊
@sameerprabhakara14 жыл бұрын
@@dr.shabrishgowda1309 but if consider it to be chronic resp acidosis, then everything fits in.
@mapmap_levt4 жыл бұрын
Is the last example a chronic respiratory acidosis situation?
@mohd1nagyyyyy3 жыл бұрын
exactly by calculations its not acute at all
@ivanavujica17744 жыл бұрын
Hi. How can we identify primary disorders if pH is normal? For example, pH is normal, pC02 is low, bicarbonate is low. Is it compensated respiratory alkalosis or compensated metabolic acidosis? Thank you!
@StrongMed4 жыл бұрын
You're in luck! That's the topic of the 7th video in the series: kzbin.info/www/bejne/hHfQpp93h5t1rck
@ivanavujica17744 жыл бұрын
@@StrongMed thank you very much!
@pasmethe9115 жыл бұрын
In example 3, I thought if pH and PaCO2 are in same direction, it means respiratory? If they were "deranged" it would be metabolic? What am I not understanding?
@StrongMed5 жыл бұрын
If pH and PaCO2 are deranged in *opposite* directions, it means that at least one respiratory disorder is present. For example, in a respiratory acidosis (e.g. COPD exacerbation), the pH will be lower than 7.35 while the PaCO2 will be much higher than 40.
@user-br8qj5rv5z4 ай бұрын
Dr strong in example #2 ( pH=7.12, PaCO2=32, HCO3=10) When we use winter's formula to calculate expected PaCO2 , it comes out to be equal to 23 , but when we use role of last two digits it equal 12? isn't the rule of last two digits the shortcut of winter's , why they produce different values in that case ?
@dr.shabrishgowda13096 жыл бұрын
Hello Dr Strong or anyone reading this comment kindly help me out I’ve got a question In example number 2 Actual reduction of PCO2 from base line (32) is higher than that of calculated compensation (23) Therefore am I right ? The secondary base disorder that needs to be present is RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS and not respiratory acidosis. Kindly help me out ( I am highly confused with it ) Thanks in advance
@ahmology9 жыл бұрын
by the last example why not say that is primary metabolic alkalemia with uncomplete respiratory compensation due to respiratory acidosis?? pls answer anyone :(
@StrongMed9 жыл бұрын
In this case, it would be confusing to describe this as a metabolic alkalosis with incomplete respiratory compensation since the pH is not only lower than respiratory compensation (i.e. the patient is "overcompensating", which doesn't happen), but is even lower than normal. Thus the respiratory acidosis is having a quantitatively larger effect on the pH. Sometimes in ABG analysis the word "primary" gets used in an imprecise way to mean "the first acid-base disorder which our algorithm happens to identify", and typically is also the acid-base disorder which has the greatest quantitative impact on the pH. But the disorder that is first identified is not necessarily the first that happens chronologically, nor the necessarily the most clinically relevant.
@negvpay9 жыл бұрын
I dont know HOW to say thank you THANKSSSSS
@mohd1nagyyyyy3 жыл бұрын
can someone tell me why example number 3 is not chronic resp acidosis wih normal compensation ... other than the acute vomiting part cuz i dont buy it
@StrongMed3 жыл бұрын
ABGs are like ECGs - they cannot be reliably interpreted in isolation. They require some amount of clinical history to know if acid-base derangement are likely acute or chronic, since we use different compensation formulas for those two possibilities. If the clinical history for example 3 was a 60 year old smoker presenting to the clinic with progressively worsening dyspnea and cough for 6 months, then yes, the ABG would be most consistent with a chronic respiratory acidosis with normal compensation. But in this case, the fact that it's a young (presumably healthy) person with an acute illness means a chronic process is unlikely, and we must interpret the ABG with that in mind.
@mohd1nagyyyyy3 жыл бұрын
@@StrongMed wow im really surprised you replied this fast ... woah thanks a lot for your concern and early reply really it is much appreciated dr Strong .... my point is after calculating whether this is acute or chronic using the delta ph over delta co2 or by the other method evry 10 co2 change equals 0.04 channge in ph in chronic and 0.08in acute i found out ,,, surprisingly ... it is chronic ... so does this mean that these formulas are wrong and the clinical situation is the only determinant of chronicity of resp disorders ? finally thanks again dr strong for your kind reply and im really loving this abg series analysis as an intensivist they are enourmesly helpful thanks a lot
@sanadbenali69935 жыл бұрын
I find myself looking at the bicarb for determining metabolic alkelosis this that less accurate
@venkybly3 жыл бұрын
Tq
@shalam30255 жыл бұрын
I am confused with example 3. the secondary disorder is METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, Why is it alkalemia if your pH is below 7.35...it should be metabolic ACEDEMIA right?
@StrongMed5 жыл бұрын
In example 3, there are 2 processes present: One is a respiratory acidosis, which in general is a pathophysiologic process that tends to drive the pH towards acidemia. The second is a metabolic alkalosis, which in general is a pathophysiologic process that tends to drive the pH towards alkalemia. So the 2 processes are pushing the pH in different directions. In this case, the respiratory acidosis just happens to be more prominent, so the pH ends up being a little acidemic. (A nuanced but important point is that the more "prominent" acid-base disorder is not always the one most clinically relevant or dangerous)
@learner32683 жыл бұрын
😍😍😍
@abdulsalamabdulhamid6005 Жыл бұрын
Hello Doc. How can you know if the pathology is acute or chronic? Thank you
@StrongMed Жыл бұрын
It's based on your clinical impression. This is one of the things that makes it impossible to analyze an ABG in isolation from a history or clinical vignette.
@abdulsalamabdulhamid6005 Жыл бұрын
@@StrongMed Thank you for answering doc. You're doing God's work for these videos. Have a nice day.
@unitelanka2 жыл бұрын
For example 2, 12 is nowhere near 23. Is that a situation where the shortcut method is not useful?
@darkdogisout12 жыл бұрын
What I do not get is that you say there is a resp acidosis. Why isn't the PCo2 in this case not more than 40 mm HG? I would say there is metabolic acidose with a partial respidatory compensation. You can perhaps argue that teh PCO2 is lowered beacause of the hyperventilation that has occur to get more acid out of the system. Wich thinking fault am i making here?
@syphoresdrow50773 жыл бұрын
I have a question , how do you know if the pathologic process is acute or chronic ?!
@StrongMed3 жыл бұрын
It's an educated guess based on the patient's history. There's no way to tell just from the lab tests alone.
@syphoresdrow50773 жыл бұрын
@@StrongMed Thank you for your answer
@tourstarproductions21505 жыл бұрын
"To make things even more complicated" , why would you do that on purpose?
@user-wh9jp7nr6y5 ай бұрын
NICE
@TheebX927 жыл бұрын
There are mistakes in Examples 1,2 about the pco2
@StrongMed7 жыл бұрын
Can you be more specific? I rechecked them and don't see any errors.
@TheebX927 жыл бұрын
Strong Medicine if pco2 above 40 means Acidosis 12:52
@drrana42375 жыл бұрын
Exactly I resolved as respiratory alkalosis too
@darkdogisout12 жыл бұрын
Sorry, i was talking about example 2
@brucechen11623 жыл бұрын
IMHO, it is not an approximation that is close enough to use at the bed side. The graph 11:35 is incorrect. For example, pH 7.123, PCO2 21 mmHg, HCO3- 6.7 mEq/L The shortcut gives you 12 as opposed to 18 drawn in the graph. For another example, pH 7.464, PCO2 48.3 mmHg, HCO3- 33.9 mEq/L Although 44.73, derived from Winter's formula, is close to 46, derived from the shortcut, this difference is enough to neglect the comorbid respiratory acidosis that is actually present. According to my experience of trying this shortcut formula, the accuracy of this shortcut formula is as low as flipping coins(, although I've tried this only a few times). The expected PCO2 should be calculated based on HCO3-, rather than pH.
@TheR2 жыл бұрын
Wooowwwwww
@She_is_beauti5 жыл бұрын
I have to disagree with this appropriate compensation would mean a normalized pH. example one pH is not compensated. It would be uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.
@StrongMed5 жыл бұрын
This is a common misconception. Appropriate physiologic compensation of a single acid-base disorder does not bring one's pH back into the normal range unless the acid-base disorder is relatively mild. That's why compensation equations and related rules of thumb were empirically measured.
@NoorunissaBegame2 ай бұрын
My entire life i didn't understand anything so welll
@sparklingfashion62764 жыл бұрын
Ok cool but how the HELLLLL can we know if its too high or too low. you never mentioned that point. immediate Dislike