American Runestones (with Dr. Henrik Williams)

[@L337P1R4735]

The journey to the center of the earth stone was awesome. Not a fake just a nerd making fan art.

[@pauladee1272]

That sounds cool, haven't seen it? They named the Antarctic Place with the now, No Fly zone after Admiral Byrd!!!

[@lakrids-pibe]

The clicking sound stops at 07:07 It's a microphone scratching against a zipper

[@gruu]

Thank youuuu

[@vvvvaaaacccc]

I think it's beautiful the way he's interested in contemporary runic stuff as well as ancient/hiztoric runic styff.

[@EdinburghFive]

Love these guys. Both have a great sense of humour.

[@BradHartliep-kn9ud]

Hi! My name is Bradley Scott Hartliep - and I am the person who engraved the runic inscriptions in the Mustang Mountains in Southern Arizona - but it was 1990 - 1991, not 1993 .. Pashka is correct when he says he did not engrave them -- but he is the linguist who wrote the the symbology on a piece of paper and gave it to me .. I then hiked to the cave in the Mustang Mountains and carved / engraved the letters into both rock just outside the cave and also the inscriptions carved inside the cave .. I grew up in Tucson, which is about 80 minutes away from the Mustang Mtns by car .. but I was living in Bisbee AZ, which is about 30 minutes away from the Mustang Mtns by car, at the time of making the engraved runes .. It takes about 2 - 3 hours to hike to the cave from the nearest place to park a 4x4 Jeep .. I made several trips to the Mustang cave, over approximately 9 months, to engrave the runes that you see at the Mustang Cave .. a few runes on each trip over about 4 hours of engraving .. and then I would hike back out .. some days I would sleep overnight and then engrave for another 4 hours the next day, before hiking back out, but I didn't usually want to leave my jeep abandoned for that long .. I choose that location specifically because it is so difficult to reach -- and also because it was a place that the Sobai Puri and Chiricahua Indians were known to use when out hunting .. I was 25 years old when I engraved the stone and was planning on hiking there and crawling into the cave when it was time for me to die .. I did not expect it to be dcovered so quickly .. until it was found no one ever hiked there except me .. You will also find engravings carved by me in the Red Rock Mountains about 10 miles outside Lander, Wy .. there is a hiking School there now about an 1/8 of a mile away .. in the Chiricahua Mountains not far from the secret burial location of Cochise [which I have known about since I was 12 or 13] .. in the Superstition Mountains, at the location of the Dutchman's Gold Cave - which I found in 1980 when I was 14 and spent 8 weeks hiking and living in the Superstitions during the summer .. I have returned there dozens of times over the last 44 years and removed more of the gold that is in that cave - some of it was already processed gold nugget free of ore - some of it gold ore from a vein that exists there - which I dug out myself -- it is extremely well hidden and I leave ways of knowing if someone else is getting close .. the mine/cave has never been found or disturbed by anyone but me since 1980 - I never hike out with more than aout 5 pounds - enough that I can hide in my pockets or in my approx 20 pound backpack - it's about a 2 to 4 hour hike to my Jeep .. roughly .. though it might be a 3 hour or a 90 minute hike -- you'll never find trying to follow me or my movements, as I take a circuitous route that allows me to know if someone is within visual or sound distance before I uncover the well-hidden entrance .. I do the same leaving back to my Jeep .. no one can tell I have any gold on me - I just look like a normal "day-hiker" who's maybe been camping and hiking for two or three days .. You will also find my engravings in the white mountains of Arizona, the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico, the Tucson and Catalina Mountains, the Muleshoe Mountains, the Big Bend Mountains, the mountains around santa fe all the way to the Colorado state line .. the Canyon of the Ancients, Mesa Verde, Chaco Canyon, and just about every Ancient Indian site in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Nevada, Texas, Nebraska, and the South .. they are often well-hidden, sometimes on a small rock that I carried in and placed there myself .. sometimes on a native rock in a cave or along a rarely used trail .. you'll also find them on the steep cliffs of the Grand Canyon north of the Hopi Nation - on land that the Navajo [ a tribe from the plains of Wyoming and Colorado who had NOTHING to do with the Hisatsinim Pueblo settlements at Chaco and Mesa Verde] who STOLE the land of Northeastern Arizona from the Hopi .. My paternal grandmother was from Sweden. She lived her early life, from childhood until middle age, in Cherokee, Iowa, then in the late 1950s moved to Fairmont, MN, then in about 1976 moved to Tucson, where she died. She and my grandfather are buried in Cherokee, Iowa. My mother's grandparents are buried in Niobrara, NE .. my grandmother taught the Santee Children out at the Santee Reservation outside of Niobrara .. I have visited and spent hundreds of days on every Indian Reservation in Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Texas, and Florida .. You will also find 2.8 Million Dollars worth of gold coins, gold nuggets, ingots, precious jewels, native american fetishes, and turquoise, silver and bronze, collected over more than 29 years of Treasure Hunting, secreted away, sometime between 2008 and 2012, and hidden in a secreted spot, hand-chosen by me, somewhere in Wyoming [ NOT in Yellowstone NP ], Utah [ SOUTH of I-70, EAST of I-15 and SOUTH of Uvada ], Colorado [ WEST of I-25 ], Arizona [ East of Boboquivari Mountain, EAST of the Tohono O'Odham Nation, and EAST of a line that runs from Casa Grande to Apache Junction to Cave Creek to Surprise to Wickenburg, Northwest to the western border of Hualapai, and then North-Nor'west to the Coloarado River. It is at least 2.0 Miles NORTH of the Mexican Border at Naco, from San Miguel and Sasabe to the New Mexican Panhandle, and anywhere in New Mexico NORTH of Hwy 9 and WEST of a line that runs from Sugarite Canyon to Laughlin Peak to Conchas Lake to Cuervo to Yeso to La Espia Peak to Haystack Mtn to Sardine Mtn to Hwy 172, South and West to Hagerman and Hope, then South to Nickel Creek, around the Guadalupes, over the Salt Flats, through the Hueco Mtns, Northwest to Chaparral, Southwest around Anthony, and back to Hwy 9, always keeping to the North and always more than two miles, from the Panhandle Border, all the way back to Douglas and Naco. Bradley Scott Hartliep Steel Engraver. Stone Cutter. Pilot. Adventurer. Explorer. Treasure Hunter Original Discoveror of the Lost Dutchman Gold Mine [ in 1980 ] and the Forrest Fenn Treasure [ in 2015 - 5 years before its official "10th year discovery" ] [ "10" was a clue by the way - one I discovered in 2014, along with the first 76% of the clue poem ]

[@mytube001]

I've studied geology, and it seems to me that it should be possible to get a reasonable estimate for when the Heavener runes were carved. Determine the rate of erosion of an exposed rock of that rock type, in that location or that area, taking into account variations in climate and land use over the past centuries. Then try to find the actual amount of erosion on a microscopic scale in the mineral grains of the rock, both where it's untouched and where it's been carved. It won't give you a year, but it should be able to get you to within a century or two. Certainly good enough to distinguish between 1000 years and 200 years.

[@n0namesowhatblerp362]

The language is proto-norse

[@CChissel]

@@n0namesowhatblerp362 That doesn’t prove much, someone with the knowledge could have carved it recently.

[@keith6706]

Geologist here: no, it won't. There are too many factors to take into account, the most obvious one being how long a given carving may have been buried: if it's buried, it obviously not going to erode as much. Also, no one can get to that level of detail in trying to determine erosion.

[@CChissel]

@@keith6706 it’s also not going to erode as much if it isn’t left out in the elements as long either.

[@seanbeadles7421]

Yea I think you're expecting too much sensitivity in being able to determine erosion

[@Ramngrim]

Henrik Williams is as good a writer as he's knowledgeable. I'm having a great time reading his book about the Rök runestone.

[@alinapopescu872]

Very interesting! Thank you, Prof. Williams!

[@koomaj]

Fantastic discussion. Thank you.

[@loribeers7556]

I'm from Oklahoma, and this is what I know about the Heavner Rune Stone. It is located in Le Flore County, which is located in Choctaw Territory. It is written that the county was named after a prominent family part French and part Choctaw. The words Le Flore in Choctaw mean Little People.

[@rnnelvll2]

Le Flore comes from French "Les Flores" meaning "the florae", probably do to the scenery and hills of the area. As do a few other names in the region, like the nearby town Poteau meaning "post". Little people in Choctaw is "Okla ushi"

[@JamesBlevins0]

52:30 -55:00 or so To reduce liability, the lawyers at Uppsala University have forbidden runologists from consulting on tattoos.

[@parkerhenderson2799]

28:45 this statement here is such an important one, so many people run away with stories and identities get ingrained, even if based in a falsehood

[@dannestrom]

Runrike (Vallentuna) is also quite close to both Birka and to Old Uppsala, which were both important places during the viking age.

[@燕北山前萬梅山莊主人]

One thing is sure, Siberians came to the Americas in at least three phases thousands of years before Columbus did.

[@benjaminlasseter8929]

Thank you for a fascinating and informative video. I enjoyed it tremendously.

[@melissamybubbles6139]

So most runes come from people who think it would be fun to have runestones. Then people come along wanting to believe, or claiming to believe, that the runes are ancient. Weird.

[@Saiaku_Komuso]

I grew up around where the Narragansett Runestone was found, recovered, and placed on public display. I was able to to get many opportunities to look at it very closely. But as you point out, there are quite a few in the U. S.

[@peterfireflylund]

I was about to compliment Williams on his Swedish pronunciation (and tell him to work a bit more on his Danish) -- until I saw on Wikipedia that he is actually Swedish. That's cheating! Instead, I'll compliment him on his English :)

[@robthetraveler1099]

I've been to Heavener, OK, and seen the Heavener Runestone. It's an interesting artifact (the stone is indeed massive), in a beautiful location. They definitely believe it's genuine, and try to get you to believe it's genuine.

[@a.noriega-gonzalez6801]

Curious about what your belief might be

[@Grease7]

Awesome video jackson. I might have a suggestion for a video..I’d love to hear your thoughts and opinions of The battle of Stamford bridge, and the lone Viking

[@grindstone4910]

Was there ever a follow up to the possible link between the Oklahoma "runic" inscriptions and the Cherokee written language?

[@larsjonsson7881]

Tack för ett mycket givande inslag! -Kunde inte Jackson Crawford bli gäst professor i Uppsala för en tid? Runstenarna finns i Sverige och den intresserade publiken i USA.

[@tomastorheim7283]

I may bark up the wrong tree here, as I have no expertise in terms of runes or the Norse language (though I have a fascination and interest in both), and you guys are way above my pay-grade concerning this. Having said that, the Heavener runestone translation did give me, as a Norwegian, a bit of a pause, as the translation of gnomedal to "little valley" in modern Norwegian seems to be off, never heard gnom or gnome as a reference to little (liten), or at least not in a sense of geographical features or in connection with non-biological things. Though you do come across the word in terms of "nisse", "underjordiske" or people. Also, the word "gnom" does not have any direct connection to the Norse language, as far as I know. What I do know is that the word "gnom" is thought to have been invented by a Swiss national who lived at the end of the 1400's and beginning of the 1500's. Hence, one could surmise that the word "gnom/gnome" would not be generally known in Scandinavia until mid to late 1500's at the earliest. At a guess, translation to "glomedal" would be a bit more accurate, but then it would not be "little valley", but "shadow valley" or some-such dark related translation. Just to add to Dr.Henrik Williams comment about the lack runestones to the west. Norwegian runestones, those we have, are almost exclusively elder futhark, hence most Norwegian runestones are older than the colonisation of Iceland, which in turn points to runestones, as he mentions, were not in use by the Norse culture the settlers from Norway belonged to. If memory serves, runestones can be found in Norway dating from 200 CE to around 800 CE after which it more or less stops all together, in Denmark and Sweden you get some from 200 CE to 800 CE when the use tapers off, with a resurgence around 1000 CE. As I wrote, I may be barking up the wrong tree here. Would love to get a reply to correct all misconceptions evidenced here.

[@apassionforlace]

1 hour in, you answer a question on why there are so many rune stones in a certain area. You say that with Harald Bluetooth, raising a stone with runes on it, it became fashion. Could there be a link back to the east where Swedes served in the Varangian Guard? Did Arabic people, perhaps also like Ibn Fadlan, who had writing in their skill set, bring it to Sweden? Or that Vikings getting back from their travels, like learning to use sails, thought that writing was beneficial to them? At some point, they must have come across ruins or left overs from the Romans or in trade posts in Germanic countries, having inscriptions.

[@nicka3697]

Have you checked the cracks in the broadway sidewalk? There could be a Runestone cowboy.

[@thelonelyirishman1916]

I think this guy should partner with Duolingo for an old Norse course so that anybody could learn it

[@eb282]

Ive been trying to figure out how to transcribe my name, Eric, into runes just for fun. You think it would be easy since there are actual examples of “Eric” in runes however navigating online resourses has been difficult and many of the items do not have a photograph. the few that do are not easily correlated to the translation text. It seems like they are for people who already know a lot about runes or at least speak a Scandinavian language. The best I could find is something like “MRIC” but from what little i could gather from objects like the Eric stone, MRIC is not correct. PS i live near Tulsa Oklahoma and I am working on getting permission from landowners to look at the Turley stone. I dont know if you know but sadly Phillip Knapp has passed away.

[@eb282]

Ive been looking at The Sparlösa Runestone and think i figured it out. What threw me is part A on the west is one line of rune that stretches the full width. I was thinking its 2 lines of runes. §A ᚼ:ᛁᚢᛚᛋ ᚴᚼᚠ ᚼᛁᚱᛁᚴᛁᛋ ᛋᚢᚿᛦ ᚴᚼᚠ ᚼᛚᚱᛁᚴ - the runes §A h:iuls khf hirikis sunʀ khf hlrik - Transliteration to Latin characters §A Aiuls gave Eiriki’s son gave Alrik - Literal translation to English §C ...ᛋ-- ᚿ ᚼ--ᚦᚼᛏ ᛌᛁᚴᛘᛅᚱ ᚼᛁᛏᛁ ᛘᚽᚴᚢᛦ ᚼᛁᚱᛁᚴᛁᛌ ᛘᛅᚴᛁᚾᛁᛅᚱᚢ ᚦᚢᛅᚬ · ᚼᚠᛏ ᚼᛁᚢᛁᛌ ᚢᚴ ᚱᛅᚦ ᚱᚢᚿᚬᛦ ᚦᚼᛦ ᚱᚼᚴᛁ-ᚢᚴᚢᛏᚢ ᛁᚢ ᚦᚼᚱ ᛌᚢᚼᚦ ᚼᛚᛁᚱᛁᚴᚢ ᛚᚢᛒᚢ ᚠᚼᚦᛁ §C …s---n(u)(ʀ)-a-- þat sikmar aiti makuʀ airikis makin(i)aru þuną · aft aiuis uk raþ runąʀ þaʀ raki- ukutu iu þar suaþ aliriku lu(b)u faþi ' §C that Sikmar Eiriki’s runes there there

[@parchment543]

What about tune stones from Russia?

[@pauladee1272]

Thought I heard Ukraine too? Heavener is real

[@Dimitri-Jordania]

Did you ever get forensic dating of edges of inscriptions etc?

[@joshuagenes]

I saw some runes in the honey bucket at work. They said something bad in English.

[@guillermotheivth4378]

28:10 Is there a website or online reference to this Morrison, CO, runestone? And Jackson, NorsePlay will fund you the $20 admission to get in to go vet that runestone.

[@Joshua.M.S.]

If you were to find rune stones inland in the US, instead of just east coast, would the great lakes not be plausible? Newfoundland to the great lakes via Gulf of St. Lawrence coastal travel down the St. Lawrence river? a lot of granite deposits that area due to the glacier, seemingly giving a good canvas not to be eroded. However, Professor Williams point about runestones going out of style makes a ton of sense.

[@melissahdawn]

I think oral culture shares the same type of relationship with literacy (runes)as faith shares with religion (cannon).

[@olofjansson9356]

Having had a longtime interest in rune stones and inscriptions (since childhood, inspired initially by Fredric Pohl's "Atlantic Crossings Before Columbus"), have found this video extremely fascinating and insightful! Have actually carved some runic inscriptions over the years which I suspect may mystify a few of the curious off in the future, at least in the short term. No attempts at fakery, these, merely a nod to my ancestry.

[@EdinburghFive]

Pohl's writing is mostly a bunch of nonsense.

[@olofjansson9356]

@@EdinburghFive Well, the guy's main claim to fame was writing science fiction! But to a young kid, his claims were inspiring nonetheless!

[@EdinburghFive]

@@olofjansson9356 Yes, indeed. I enjoyed a few of his books as well. They fall into the realm of entertainment versus valid historical research.

[@EdinburghFive]

@@olofjansson9356 You may be mixing up Frederick J. Pohl with Frederik George Pohl. The later was the science fiction writer. The former wrote 'Atlantic Crossings Before Columbus'.

[@khajiitkitten5679]

At 26 minutes: how do you spell Sonia Aries? I don't think the closed captions got it right!! Thank you for your help.

[@rebekahshantz3565]

Maybe we should be carving messages on stone for people to discover a thousand years from now. They would certainly last longer than paper. If we come up with any predictions for future generations that would be more interesting than a message in a bottle or a simple so and so lived here in such and such a year.

[@neva_nyx]

The 3rd from the left looks like half of one Cherokee symbol. None of the others really did. Maybe another halfway.

[@housecarl1114]

So is it possible that tribes already in north America had contact with Norsemen, learned about runes and then had their own derivation which may have died out or evolved into Cherokee writing for example?

[@keith6706]

No. You picked a bad example, because we know precisely when the Cherokee syllabary was invented, and we even know by who: Sequoyah started working on it in 1809, and finished it in 1821.

[@housecarl1114]

@@keith6706 True, that was a bad example, but I still wonder if there was some cross pollination that was eventually lost.

[@AngelaRichter65]

What is that noise in the back ground?

[@beepboop204]

zippers and microphones are incompatible technologies

[@steelstanding8005]

Klaraelven i Sverige heter Glomma på Norske siden

[@Ramngrim]

Klarälven heiter Trysilelva i Noreg. Heile Glomma rinn i Noreg frå Aursunden til Fredrikstad.

[@pauladee1272]

@@Ramngrim Dr. Crawford must have taught this old lady and I've studied enough.. I can read you said something like, " Glomma Valley/Land...of Fredrikstad Anderson a Norwegian? What's even more Ironic is my Great-Grandfathers= Fredrick Leo, Greatgrand= Anderson from Denmark.!!

[@steelstanding8005]

@@Ramngrim Da husket jeg feil, men navnet var det viktige, takker for den.

[@gunnarsigfusson2946]

You talk about the Skandinavianv's island is not in Skandia and Leifur heppni was bourn in Iceland so was not skandinavian

[@jacobrussell2958]

The Roseau stone looks like fossilized snake skin

[@beepboop204]

🙂

[@hjjj3821]

Please, please, please contact Lex Fridman to get on his podcast. I think I'd be so cool

[@cerdic6305]

Why? He has nothing to do with any of the topics covered on this channel.

[@fourshore502]

they didnt go to istanbul , they went to constantinopolis, or miklagård