Ancient Chinese Historian Describes The Xiongnu // Before The Mongols // Book of Han (111 AD)

A thousand years before the Mongols, China had to build the world's longest wall to defend against incursions from a truly ancient enemy: The Xiongnu. Here we have an extract from the Book Of Han that describes their customs and origins - a people amongst whom "the strong and robust were held in esteem, while the old and feeble were treated with contempt."
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[@GarfieldRex]

Children cavalry mounted on sheep, is like sheepvalry? Awesome insight 👌

[@chris_2208]

Thing is they grew up without chivalry.

[@zeflute4586]

Nice

[@fredricknoe3114]

Kinda like sheep rodeo.

[@maelstrom57]

muttonry?

[@raklibra]

Shephelry and Horse-ass hybrids

[@nodosa994]

What is this? A video about the steppes/Xiongnu without the soundtrack from Attila Total War?

[@Ottovonostbahnhof]

Throat singing intensified

[@john.harrison]

chinas prospective on them so china theme music i guess.

[@Alusnovalotus]

Nodosa it is said the Huns were descendants of the Xiong nu

[@daithiocinnsealach3173]

I'm a simple man. If I see videos about ancient China I watch them.

[@VoicesofthePast]

Smart

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

Yes and for me the older the time period, the more interested I become.

[@RichMitch]

@@gaslitworldf.melissab2897 u subscribed to laszlo?

[@Buzzard061]

Ima reverse egg and have no idea of my history

[@shun2240]

Good for you to like our history

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as either proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 • "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The dominant nomad people in the Mongolian steppe in the 7th century, the Tujue, were identified with the Turks and claimed to be descended from the Xiongnu. A number of Xiongnu customs do suggest Turkish affinity, which has led some historians to suggest that the western Xiongnu may have been the ancestors of the European Turks of later centuries. www.britannica.com/topic/Xiongnu Their ethnical affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the Turki stock, as were the Huns, their later western representatives. They are the first Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese. en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Hiung-nu Including Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Shiratori Kurakichi, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain and Omeljan Pritsak, believe it was a Turkic language. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ The earliest references to peoples that are presumed to be Turkic date to the era of the Xiongnu (2nd century BC), well before the appearance of the Türks proper (mid-6th century AD). www.college-de-france.fr/site/gilles-veinstein/The-Question-of-Turk-Origins__1.htm Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914: • "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries." The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[23][24][25][26][27] The Hun hordes of Attila, who invaded and conquered much of Europe in the 5th century, may have been Turkic and descendants of the Xiongnu.[21][28][29] en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey The earliest separate Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu confederation about 200 BCE[70] (contemporaneous with the Chinese Han Dynasty).[71] It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[72][73][74][75][76]

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia (Rene Grousset) The dominant nomad people in the Mongolian steppe in the 7th century, the Tujue, were identified with the Turks and claimed to be descended from the Xiongnu. A number of Xiongnu customs do suggest Turkish affinity, which has led some historians to suggest that the western Xiongnu may have been the ancestors of the European Turks of later centuries. www.britannica.com/topic/Xiongnu Their ethnical affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the Turki stock, as were the Huns, their later western representatives. They are the first Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese. en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Hiung-nu Including Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Shiratori Kurakichi, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain and Omeljan Pritsak, believe it was a Turkic language. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ The earliest references to peoples that are presumed to be Turkic date to the era of the Xiongnu (2nd century BC), well before the appearance of the Türks proper (mid-6th century AD). www.college-de-france.fr/site/gilles-veinstein/The-Question-of-Turk-Origins__1.htm Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914: • "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries." The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[23][24][25][26][27] The Hun hordes of Attila, who invaded and conquered much of Europe in the 5th century, may have been Turkic and descendants of the Xiongnu.[21][28][29] en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey The earliest separate Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu confederation about 200 BCE[70] (contemporaneous with the Chinese Han Dynasty).[71] It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[72][73][74][75][76] a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family. www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia From this a some scholars hold that the Xiongnu had a script similar to Eurasian runiform and this alphabet itself served as the basis for the ancient Turkic writing.[127]

[@novaterra973]

*Plays TW ATTILLA Main Theme*

[@error5202]

OOOOOOOOWWWWAAAAAAAAA EEEEEE WWWWWWWAAAAAAAAAA OOOOOOOWWWWWWWWAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

[@theleonid4377]

OOOOOOOOOOOOOWOWAAAAAAAAAAAEEEEEEE OOOOOOOOOOWWUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

[@justice_crash2521]

Attilas ancestors are xiongnus same with turks and genghis khan

[@ahmetturkmen0011]

@098765 Craper nope. Huns are direct continuation of the Xiongnu with more Turkic elements than Yeniseian/Mongolic. Google it. I read about it last week. The continuation theory holds strongest.

[@ahmetturkmen0011]

@098765 Craper "turks are but one of the hundreds of tribes" most stupidest ignorant comment I've heard. Turkic peoples were the main group of tribes along with yeniseians and proto mongolic people. There were only a handful of groups at most. The majority was turkic and gradually became so, initially starting out as a Yeniseian elite and transformation into a Turkic speaking elite. Read the history. This isn't turkish revisionism.

[@bxyhxyh]

In Ancient Chinese language they're read as Hunnu and Mongolians still call them as Hunnu.

[@goatwos7228]

@@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326 wow dude how long did that took to write xd

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

@SHEIKH IBTISAM AHMED Summer 18 yes sir

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower

[@kevinthomson2691]

@SHEIKH IBTISAM AHMED Summer 18 Mongolians are Turks. People from present day turkey are not Turks. They are Anatolians.

[@suleimanthemagnificent1494]

Xiongnu is Turkic: The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84

[@unifieddynasty]

Interesting that the Han response to Modu Chanyu was an early form of attempted cultural assimilation. They viewed, at least per the written records, the Heqin and tribute of Chinese goods to Modu as a means to sinicize the Xiongnu and decrease the Xiongnu's disposition towards war. In hindsight, it looks like they were more or less successful in this strategy. The 'Five Barbarians' a few centuries later were sinicized in this manner.

[@hwasiaqhan8923]

It buys time for Han to strike and avenge, it’s a great strategy, resulting in the annihilation of the aggressive Xiongnu empire.

[@VicmundLim]

@@hwasiaqhan8923 im surpise i saw one your comment posting you hate chinese lol

[@hwasiaqhan8923]

Catmund Sebastian Lim I don’t hate Chinese, I just pity them, they are brainwashed by the ccp.

[@VicmundLim]

@@hwasiaqhan8923 so is westerner i hear

[@unifieddynasty]

@@hwasiaqhan8923 Are you a Han nativist or something? Interesting to finally meet one, lol.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari9649]

The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004 It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers. “INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)

[@Willxdiana]

Uighur are related to Xiongnu. Tiele are uighur descendent

[@Willxdiana]

Gorturks are the Turks today. Kipchak is something different

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@Willxdiana The xiongnu is already a Turkic-Mongol confederation.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@Willxdiana Kipchak people were always Turkic people. are you a troll or not?

[@Willxdiana]

Hannibal Barca* no it’s a different branch in the far west with the cumans not the original Xiongnu

[@werdw4849]

We need more of this stuff from China and Asia in general. Great job with the video and narration.

[@VoicesofthePast]

Thanks! More to come!

[@magnushorus5670]

these are a wonderful gift to people who appreciate history, thank you!

[@FediMayn]

i was looking for this!!

[@novaterra973]

There is more to this part of history, but nothing good for Chinese until Emperor Wudi where they managed to reform the military and engaged in total war against the Xiongnu. EDIT: It would be nice to also have Zhang Qian's description of Central Asia, as his mission was part of the Chinese diplomatic efforts against the Xiongnu.

[@alvintheng8501]

Nova Terra Zhang Qian, his mission was to seek allies, especially the Yue Zhi tribe, who were previously in a friendly terms with Han dynasty but were forced on the run and the whole tribe migrated to the dzungar area/ illi area / Kazakhstan, as Xiong Nu pillage, enslave their children and woman, drive them off from their ancestor land due to the refusal of Yue Zhi king to submit to Xiong Nu king as cannon fodder for their military ambition..

[@gododoof]

Yeah it's a really cool account because he describes the Hellenistic settlements in Bactria that the Yuezhi had conquered. Neat seeing a Chinese-Greek connection.

[@sida604]

I would also like to hear some Tang dynasty accounts of the same regions. This way we could see how the things changed in the areas throughout the centuries.

[@Tekhelet75]

Nova Terra look for video with words Han Empire Gansu Zhang Qian. There is a 2 over hour long documentary by China’s media.

[@user-xe2hl7cj4c]

Hello, thank you for your videos. Are there any other channels like yours? I need more! Also, I don't mean to cause offence, but when I put on one of your longer videos at night, I fall asleep (struggle to sleep lately) .. Your narrator is so good at being natural.

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

try newearth; there is a small chance, but if it's your thing you'll love it.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

*Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu

[@tughluq8324]

Xiongnu arent Mongol but Mongols are Xiongnu/Hun. The same for the Turkic People they are Xiongnu/Hun but the Xiongnu arent Turkic. Other example is the English are Anglo-Saxons but the Anglo-Saxons arent English.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Altug Even Kyrgyz Turks lived at bc 300 what are you saying kid😂😂😂

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Altug kaynak gottun mu 😂😂😂

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@tughluq8324 COPİED NEWWORLDENCLOPEDİA "Recent genetics research in 2003[4] confirmed the studies[5] indicating that the Turkic peoples,[6] originated from the same area and therefore are possibly related." www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu#cite_note-4

[@wankawanka3053]

Xiongnu are the descendents of mongolians not turkis

[@JKweez]

This channel is amazing. Where do we donate?

[@VoicesofthePast]

Patreon.com/voicesofthepast

[@VoicesofthePast]

Thanks for the kind words! Lots more videos like this on the channel 😁

[@kaldirdimgobegi]

We Turks have 3600 years + history according to Chinese historians Guifang is just old name of Xiongnu just like Siam is old name of Thailand According to the History of the Gaoche of Wei Shou (6th century), the origin of the Dingling can be traced to the Chidi (赤狄) (lit. Red Di), who lived in northern China during the Spring and Autumn period. The Mozi mentions a total of eight related Di groups, of whom only "Red Di" (赤狄, Chidi), the "White Di" (白狄, Baidi), and "Tall Di" (長狄, Changdi) are known. Based on phonetical studies and comparisons of inscriptions on bronze and the structure of the characters, Wang Guowei (1877-1927) came to the conclusion that the tribal names Guifang (鬼方), Xunyu, Xianyu (鮮虞), Xianyun(獫狁), Rong, Di, and Hu in the old annals designated one and the same people, who later entered Chinese history under the name Xiongnu. The exact period when the form Xunyu existed as the oldest phonetization of the name Xiongnu remains unclear: Sima Qian stated that in the earlier pre-historic period the Xiongnu were called Hu and Rong, and in the late pre-historic period Xunyu. In the literate period starting with the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC) they were called Guifang, in the Zhou period (1045-256 BC) they were called Xianyun, and starting from the Qin period (221-206 BC) the Chinese annalists called them Xiongnu. Sima Qian, "Shi Chi", Ch. 1, l. 4b, Ch. 110, l. 1a, notes

[@Willxdiana]

5000 year if you include xia dynasty

[@Tamerlane_]

It is not surprising that "Shanyu" comes from "broad", and the same meaning is given to "strong emperor" in Central Plains. But chan-yu was pronounced very early, and subsequent generations blindly followed this misdirection, so naturally they could not find the etymological clues. The Mongolian word for "guang" is delger and "chief" darga. The two words are indeed very similar in sound and may even have the same root. The Mongolian g sound is usually translated to palatal gh followed by u or f. If "Shanyu" is read as da-ghu or da-u, it's Mongolian origin can be understood at a glance.善玉”出自“廣”並不奇怪，中原賦予“強帝”同樣的含義。但“chan-yu”的發音很早，後人一味地聽從了這個誤導，自然找不到詞源線索。 “光”的蒙古語是delger和“chief”darga，這兩個詞在發音上確實非常相似，甚至可能有同一個詞根。蒙古語 g 音通常被翻譯成顎音 gh，後跟 u 或 f。如果把“山語”讀作大呼或大烏，一看就知道是蒙古族。

[@camrendavis6650]

Can you find any information on Empress Wu. I heard that when Empress Wu was in charge of the Tang Dynasty, she entertained guests of high social status from India, Greece, Korea, Persia, etc. there's a painting out there somewhere that I've seen before which depicts all of them sitting in the same room.

[@alvintheng8501]

Camren Davis I’m not sure whether you talking about this: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portraits_of_Periodical_Offering It is current exhibit in the national museum of China

[@camrendavis6650]

@@alvintheng8501 yes, thank you

[@Ashman792]

I’m pretty sure the first written account of her was written after her death. Because of this, it’s hard to tell whether she was a good female ruler or a tyrant. She’s very fascinating to read about in any case.

[@camrendavis6650]

@@Ashman792 I believe she was a wonderful ruler, she improved where her husband left off. Not to sound like a feminist or anyting but as the only official female Emperor in Chinese history, she was amazing. It was because she was a woman that her Court tried to slander her name after she died

[@archvermin]

@@Ashman792 Compared to other autocrats of her contemporary period, she was an outstanding ruler. She rose from being a court concubine to empress, then officially and legally emperor of (at the time) the largest nation. During her reign she wielded both soundrelous men to persecute her enemies, and able governors to oversee a period of economic expansion and stability. After her husband died, she assembled a harem of pretty men for her personal pleasure, and she lived to a grand old age of 81 - making her the third longest-living emperor in recorded chinese history. She was living the chad life, so to speak.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

Huns were Turkic.7 of the 8 largest encyclopedias in the world say that they are Turkic.for example Harvard,Oxford,Newworldenclopedia,Cambridge,Enclopedia,Liverpool universty press and stanford universty.Sorry, this issue is not open to discussion. For example Hunnic Empire was the empire of the Huns. The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hunnic_Empire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Huns included Asiatic peoples speaking Mongolic or Turkic languages who dominated the Eurasian steppe from before 300 b.c. www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/people/huns

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Omeljan Pritsak further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old Xiongnu ruling house 屠各 Tuge (in Old Chinese d'o-klâk).[31][26] This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).[31][33] Peter B. Golden surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤 Dugu (< d'uk-kuo) or 屠各 Tuge (< d'o-klâk) possibly reflects underlying Turkic *Tuğqu or *Tuğlağ "tribe of the tuğ?"[34] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia. (Rene Grousset) the (likely Turkic-speaking) Xiongnu, Huns and Avars. indo-european.eu/2020/08/xiongnu-ancestry-connects-huns-avars-to-scytho-siberians/ only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family. www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

While its true that there was some controversy about the origin of the Huns, the consensus after recent decades is that they were Turks of Oghuric affiliation, mostly based on credible studies confirming that the vast majority of attested Hunnic names, as well as all Hunnic successor clans are of evident Oghur Turkic origin. All Hunnic tribes (entirely Oghur Turkic) : Akatziri, Onogurs, Utigurs, Sabirs, Bulgars, Saragurs, Kutrigurs, Barsils Recorded Hunnic names of Turkic origin : Aigan = moon prince; from Turkic aï & can Alp Ilutuer / Ilteber = heroic chieftain; from Turkic alp & iltäbär Althias = six; from Turkic Alti Akkagas = white rock; from Turkic ak & kayač Atakam = elder shaman; from Turkic ata & kam Balach = calf; from Turkic Malaq Berik = strong; from Turkic Berık Basik = governor; from Turkic Bârsiğ Bleda = wise; from Turkic Bildä Bochas = either gullet; from Turkic Boğuz; or bull, from Buqa Dengizich = ocean-like, heavenly; from Turkic teɲez & dêɲri; or, more simply, great lake Donat / Donatu = horse; from Turkic Yonat Edeco = good; from Turkic Ädgü Ellac = to rule; from Turkic el & lä Emmedzur = horse lord; from Turkic Ämäcur Eskam / Esqam = companion of the shaman; from Turkic Eŝkam Hereka / Kreka = pure princess; from Turkic Arïqan Ernakh / Hernac = small man, heroic man; from Turkic Ernäk Iliger = prince man; from Turkic ilig & är Karadach = black mountain; from Turkic Qaradağ Karaton = black cloak; from Turkic Qarâton Kursik = either noble; from Turkic Kürsiğ; or belt-bearer, from Qurŝiq Kutilzis = blessed herald; from Turkic kut & elči Mundzuk = bead; from Turkic Munčuq Oebarsius / Aybars = moon leopard, from Turkic Aïbârs; or dun leopard, from oy & bars Oldogan / Odolgan = either red falcon; from Turkic al & dogan; or chubby, from Tolgun Oktar / Uptar = brave; from Turkic Öctär Ruga / Rua = wise man; from Turkic Ögä Turgun = still/calm; from Turkic Turkun Uldin = six; from Turkic Alti Zolban = shepherd star; from Turkic Čolpan.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Xiongnu were Turkish The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower

[@_Painted]

I think the Xiongnu were multi-ethnic overall (primarily Hunnic/proto-Turkic [* see below] and Scythian(Osi/Aschina/Wusun)/Tocharian(Kushan/Kuchean/Yuezhi), but with various smaller Siberian ethnic groups, as well as some Mongolic, Sinitic, and Tungusic influences), but the assimilation and blending of the many different cultures in the confederacy did result in a 'core' shared culture and creole language that eventually became the root of Turkic ethnogenesis. By the time of the Gokturks, this Turkic core is well defined and clearly recognizable as fully Turkic in the Orkhon inscriptions, but I think they weren't yet fully merged or self-identifying as Turkic during the Xiongnu times. [* When I say 'proto-Turkic', I mean the unique component (carrying y-dna haplogroups N and Q mostly, but without the significant haplogroup R and steppe-people components found in the later Turks-proper) from peoples spread east from the Urals, northward of the steppe-proper, along the Ob and Yenisei river basins, and Altai/Baikal (particularly Orkhon and the banks of other Altai rivers draining into lake Baikal, but not yet including much extending to the south-side of the Altais) region, but not originally extending to the South-Western portions of what eventually became the expanse of the Xiongnu/Gokturk core territory. A proper definition of a Turkic homeland and Turkic ethnic origin needs to include both sides, because I do not think they can be accurately called 'Turkic' before the merging of cultures.]

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

@@_Painted every single tribes/confederations were multhiethnic in history that’s why history works by origin :-)

[@Tamerlane_]

Xiongnu 🇲🇳 It is not surprising that "Shanyu" comes from "broad", and the same meaning is given to "strong emperor" in Central Plains. But chan-yu was pronounced very early, and subsequent generations blindly followed this misdirection, so naturally they could not find the etymological clues. The Mongolian word for "guang" is delger and "chief" darga. The two words are indeed very similar in sound and may even have the same root. The Mongolian g sound is usually translated to palatal gh followed by u or f. If "Shanyu" is read as da-ghu or da-u, it's Mongolian origin can be understood at a glance.善玉”出自“廣”並不奇怪，中原賦予“強帝”同樣的含義。但“chan-yu”的發音很早，後人一味地聽從了這個誤導，自然找不到詞源線索。 “光”的蒙古語是delger和“chief”darga，這兩個詞在發音上確實非常相似，甚至可能有同一個詞根。蒙古語 g 音通常被翻譯成顎音 gh，後跟 u 或 f。如果把“山語”讀作大呼或大烏，一看就知道是蒙古族。Model of Xiongnu tomb discovered in 1912 at Noin Ula, Batsumber, Tov prov., showing multiple chambers of burial. Photograph of Xiongnu tomb excavated in 2000 by Mongolian-Korean expedition, Battsengel, Khudgyn Tolgoi, Arkhangai prov. Pub.: Korean-Mongolian, p. 71. Xiongnu pottery, with photographs of pots in situ, taken during Mongolian-Korean joint expeditions, Battsengel, Khudgyn Tolgoi, Arkhangai prov., tombs 2 and 4. Large jar on left from Noin Ula, Batsumber, Tov prov. Pub.: Korean-Mongolian, p. 101; no. 71 (p. 103); National Museum, p. 15. Pottery lamp. Xiongnu period. Cauldron. Bronze. Xiongnu period. 500-200 BCE. Teshig, Bulgan prov. Various Xiongnu-period objects found by Mongolian-Korean Expeditions in 2000-2001, including Han bronze mirror fragment (1st c. CE, 15 cm. Dia., from Khurel tol, Morin Tolgoi, Altanbulag prov., tomb no. 1); chopsticks and wooden dish (former, 17.3 cm. long, 1st-3rd c. CE, Morin Tolgoi, Altanbulag sum, Tov prov., tomb no. 1); bronze bell (4.07 x 4.82 cm., Battsengel, Khudgyn Tolgoi, Arkhangai prov.); iron saw (1st c. CE, 19.0 cm., Battsengel, Khudgyn Tolgoi, Arkhangai prov., tomb no. 1). Pub.: Korean-Mongolian, no. 36 (p. 70), no. 37 (p. 72), no. 48 (p. 86), no. 55 (p. 93). Miscellaneous bronze objects. Xiongnu period. Noin Ula (Batsumber, Tov prov.) and Salkhit grave sites (Salkhit, Selenga prov.). Cf. National Museum, p. 15. Xiongnu-period objects (3rd c. BCE-2nd c. CE) found at Noyon Ula (Batsumber, Tov prov.) and Takhiltiin hotgor, Mankhan, Khovd prov. NB: Stirrups do not belong in display, as came into use after Xiongnu period. Xiongnu-period objects (3rd c. BCE-2nd c. CE) found at Noin Ula (Batsumber, Tov prov.). Wood and birchbark objects from Xiongnu burials at Noin Ula. The wood with drill holes is part of a fire-starting kit. Jade from Xiongnu burials at Noin Ula (Batsumber, Tov prov.) Bow parts. Bone. Tevsh mtn., Uvurkhangai prov. Cf. Korean-Mongolian, no. 50, p. 89. Carpet (details). Mixed fabric, including wool and silk, appliqué design. 1st c. CE. 260 x 67.5 cm. (full size of piece, which is about 1/3 of a complete carpet). Noin Ula, Batsumber sum, Tov prov. Inv. No. A-268. Pub.: Dschingis-khan, no. 15, p. 50. Cf. National Museum, p. 14, drawing of the analogous carpet now in Hermitage Museum (see Inv. no. 108). Construction materials, including tile. Xiongnu period. Earthenware. Various locations incl. Khustyn bulag; Bayanjargalan, Tov prov. Cf. Korean-Mongolian, nos. 28, 29, p. 60.

[@davkaanir4062]

Hunnu is mongols ancient

[@Man_663]

None of the sources you listed are contemporary to the xiongnu at all.

[@thewarriorfrog]

The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4CBA0E2CB74C8093EC1CA38C95067D55/S2513843X20000183a_hi.pdf/_div_class__title__Early_nomads_of_the_Eastern_Steppe_and_their_tentative_connections_in_the_West__div_.pdf As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. academic.oup.com/jole/article/3/2/145/5067185 An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. academic.oup.com/jole/article-pdf/5/1/39/32972809/lzz010.pdf Xiongnu (Pre-Proto-Bulgharic, in Mongolia). brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/jeal/1/1/article-p46_4.xml The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic www.studmed.ru/view/janhunen-j-the-mongolic-languages_5a46d1344a9.html?page=44 By the final centuries bc, they became the Yuezhi. They would be displaced by the Turkish Xiongnu, the beginnings of the westward movement of Turkish tribes that would lead them to Anatolia (which would eventually be called Turkey, after the ruling Turks) and domination of central Asia, while the Indo-Europeans of the steppes moved south into the central Asian regions and into southern and south-western Asia. webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/prehistorysteppes.html The first historical references to the Turks appear in Chinese records dating around 200 B.C. These records refer to tribes called the Hsiung-nu (an early form of the Western term Hun ), who lived in an area bounded by the Altai Mountains, Lake Baykal, and the northern edge of the Gobi Desert, and who are believed to have been the ancestors of the Turks. Specific references in Chinese sources in the sixth century A.D. identify the tribal kingdom called Tu-Küe located on the Orkhon River south of Lake Baykal. The khans (chiefs) of this tribe accepted the nominal suzerainty of the Tang Dynasty. The earliest known example of writing in a Turkic language was found in that area and has been dated around A.D. 730. [Source: Library of Congress, January 1995 *] factsanddetails.com/asian/cat65/sub424/item2688.html The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation had broken up, but a nomadic proto- Mongol people known as the Xianbei. books.google.com.tr/books?id=nBDC2cqb6I0C&pg=PA73&dq=HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHkPDUic3tAhWLK3cKHWupCGkQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Xianbei&f=false (Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu(the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia. books.google.com.tr/books?id=2udRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT448&dq=HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHkPDUic3tAhWLK3cKHWupCGkQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Xiongnu&f=false (Harvard University Press) The proto - Turkic Hsiung - nu were now challenged by other alien groups - proto - Tibetans books.google.com.tr/books?id=wdqoHQRUhAYC&pg=PA136&dq=STANFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyyIC069XtAhXro4sKHVevCu4Q6AEwAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=Hsiung-nu&f=true (Stanford University Press)

[@friedrichkass1644]

The Frog: proto-Xiongnu, the earliest ancestors of the Huns emerged from the mixing of the descendants of the Xia-dynasty with the ancient Cimmerians in Inner-Asia! The Xia was the first political body in China, after its demise by the hand of Tang from the following Shang-dynasty in 1766 BC, the royal line escape in to Mongolia where they mixed with the Cimmerian nomads. The original Xiongnu were Cimmerians with admixture from the Chinese Xia-dynasty!

[@Letnistonwandif]

We wuz khanz and shieetttt

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004

[@xlyoutube]

That was very engaging! The most terrifying group in ancient history had to be those who started riding sheep and hunting foxes at 3 years old. If I were a farmer in Han, had a few acres of rice field, wife and kids and the luxury of living in a developed community with teahouses, shops and theaters, I'd know I had no chance against those sheep-riding, rabbit-shooting people on a battlefield...

[@protectorategeneral]

X Bs

[@Alusnovalotus]

X tea wasn’t a staple to the masses in Han times. You’d be stuck with water or cheap rice wine. Backbreaking labor, little or no medical help and you ate whatever was in season. If lucky, there were no famines or floods in a decade or two.

[@Alternativemusic213]

*hears throat singing in the distance* “I’m in danger”

[@fadlya.rahman4113]

The Yellow River is both a blessing and a curse. The silt deposited by the river made the soil around it very fertile. But the river is also prone to change course and causing massive flood in the process. It destroy crops and villages, leading to famine that killed millions.

[@XuerLi]

Actually the Han dynasty soldiers were better equipped than Xiongnus, it was said that one Han soldier was able to handle five Xiongnus in close quarters combat, but the Xiongnus had massive advantage in term of horse number so they were able to dispatch large cavalry forces, Liu Che (the emperor Wu of Han) noticed this and spent huge financial and military efforts to get fine horses from Central Asia, so eventually the Han empire riders were able to crush the Xiongnu confederation under the commands of generals Huo Qubing, Wei Qing, Li Guang and so on.

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

I soon as I saw the word "Mongols," I couldn't wait to listen. I find the Mongols (and all the Steppe) peoples the most mysterious, exotic races on earth. Thank you for finding and posting this and of course for your superb reading.

[@VoicesofthePast]

Thanks for enjoying the channel!

[@pozk-tf6ey]

it a big confederation of cultures including mongolic, turkic, tungusic, yeniseyan and even koreanic

[@RandomGuy-df1oy]

@@pozk-tf6ey Well not Koreanic. Proto Mongols and Tungus were the Donghu which subjugated by the Modu Chanyu of Xiongnu.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

GaslitWorld f. Melissa B Xiongnus are Turks not mongols

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Rain mongols=mongolic Turkish and Xiongnu=turkic

[@bretalvarez3097]

Not enough throat singing

[@enkhzayazundui1063]

😀

[@sunnyboy4553]

Very interesting. Never heard of any culture before that despised their aged. Usually, they are revered for their wisdom. And the grown sons married their widowed mother??? Never heard of that anywhere else either. Today, I know it's still common in some Middle Eastern countries for a man to marry his widowed sister-in-law. It's also unique that these people didn't take paternal or maternal family names.

[@subutaynoyan5372]

The reason is probably how they lived. Those people were nomads, every person who can't hunt, fight, herd flocks on hoseback or work as a craftsman in bowmaking or leatherworks was a burden that consumed the clan's resources with no feedback. They believed in spirits and nature and society worked not very different than a very large wolf pack. Meaning everybody had a hierarchy based on their merit or blood.

[@yiyuanliu8808]

He means Non-biological mother

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@subutaynoyan5372 So why didn't they kill the first Emperor of the Huns when these hypocrites grew up

[@sida604]

Please make videos on China's description of the Middle East and India. I would love to watch those.

[@VoicesofthePast]

Absolutely

[@johnnypatrickhaus890]

Very interesting. Thank you. There's a great podcast called "Hard-core History" with a guy called Dan Carlin. His "Wrath of the Khans" series is excellent.

[@johnnypatrickhaus890]

@sick turrett it's actually an audio podcast. There are several episodes each around 3 hours long. It's fascinating. And Dan Carlin's enthusiasm for history really makes it entertaining as well.

[@johnnypatrickhaus890]

@sick turrett it's a history of the Mongol Khans from Gengis onwards.

[@VoicesofthePast]

It is bloody great

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The Xiongnu became politically dominant in the steppes around 300 BC, and although the linguistic affiliation of the Xiongnu proper is still a matter of dispute, their political confederation certainly contained a significant Turkic component. By both ethnohistorical and linguistic considerations this component may in the first place be identified with the Bulgharic (Bulghar Turkic) branch of Turkic, today represented by the Chuvash language in the Volga region. The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic, such as *yür 'hundred'. The Bulgharic (Proto-Bulgharic) speakers are likely to have entered Southern Siberia , the location of Proto-Samoyedic , not earlier than the last century BC. At the same time, a number of local words, notably *kadï 'conifer' (> Chuvash xïra„ ~ xïr 'birch '), were borrowed from Proto-Samoyedic into Bulgharic. Review: J. Janhunen (ed.),The Mongolic languages, London, New York : Routledge, 2003 In the case of Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic, certain loanwords in the Mongolic languages point to early contact with Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric) Turkic, also known as r-Turkic. These loanwords precede Common Turkic (z-Turkic) loanwords and include: • Mongolic ikere (twins) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric ikir (versus Common Turkic ekiz) • Mongolic hüker (ox) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric hekür (Common Turkic öküz) • Mongolic jer (weapon) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric jer (Common Turkic yäz) • Mongolic biragu (calf) versus Common Turkic buzagu • Mongolic siri- (to smelt ore) versus Common Turkic siz- (to melt) The above words are thought to have been borrowed from Oghur Turkic during the time of the Xiongnu. Later Turkic peoples in Mongolia all spoke forms of Common Turkic (z-Turkic) as opposed to Oghur (Bulgharic) Turkic, which withdrew to the west in the 4th century. The Chuvash language, spoken by 1 million people in European Russia, is the only living representative of Oghur Turkic which split from Proto Turkic around the 1st century AD. Words in Mongolic like dayir (brown, Common Turkic yagiz) and nidurga (fist, Common Turkic yudruk) with initial *d and *n versus Common Turkic *y are sufficiently archaic to indicate loans from an earlier stage of Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric). This is because Chuvash and Common Turkic do not differ in these features despite differing fundamentally in rhotacism-lambdacism (Janhunen 2006). Oghur tribes lived in the Mongolian borderlands before the 5th century, and provided Oghur loanwords to Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic before Common Turkic loanwords. Golden 2011, p. 31. An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. Alexander Savelyev, Martine Robbeets, Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020 As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. Xiong-nu language in Chinese inscriptions 撑犁 (Chēng lí) 撑犁 term in Chinese inscriptions is associated with the old Turkic tengri. Tengri means sky. 瓯脱 (Ōu tuō) 瓯脱 means room[7]. Borrowed from Proto-Turkic *otag[8], also reconstructed as *ōtag. Although linguists concentrate on *otag, since long vowels are not preserved in languages that need to be protected, there are also those who claim that it is derived from the Proto-Turkic word *ōtwhich means fire(see Proto-Turkic Vocabulary lesson). *otag means tent or room, but also fireplace is suggested. 头曼 (Tóu màn) The name Touman is likely related to a word meaning '10,000, a myriad' Old Turkic tümän

[@calvinsuu1949]

Not turkic but proto turkic, mongolic, tungustic....its like saying modern english was branch of germanic so its german

[@mamba069]

what is the name of the music that is playing in the intro

[@blackrose_111]

It is so interesting about Xiongnu tribes which I came to know not through history but through my favorite Chinese history dramas. Can we trace back the bloodline of Xiongnu tribe among the Chinese populations? must be interesting to know how their cultures assimilate with the modern age and like know their original features? whether their features are similar with Han or Mongol in those days.

[@XuerLi]

Many Chinese clans are descendants of Xiongnus, such as the Jin(金） clans in Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang and Fujian, they are descendants of Jin Midi. Cong（丛）clan of Shandong, as well as many northern Liu(刘) clans in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shanxi and Hebei who are descendants of Liu Bao. Yeah some of them took the DNA test and found out mostly belong to C3, Q, N, O3 and R, C3 is the most common Ydna of Xiongnus

[@blackrose_111]

@@XuerLi Big Thank you very much...don't know how can I received notification so late about this information from you...I am excited about it ..... love history and maybe if everything (world chaos) back to normal, I love to visit China...did not manage this year...just about to....wham!!!... Bham!!! gone my plan.

[@zeyneptankoglu4385]

Are Turks descendents of xiong nu?

[@user-di9nf2ih9p]

@@zeyneptankoglu4385 NO The Turkic people in Chinese history are of the yellow race. People whose facial features are biased towards whites, even those from the royal family, cannot be high-ranking officials.

[@godofchaoskhorne5043]

@@user-di9nf2ih9p lol bullshit you rtard. Literally almost every single Chinese Historian agrees they are Turkic / Proto Turkic people. And the GokTurks are their direct descendants.

[@XuerLi]

9:51 that is Tang Dynasty painting, not Han

[@hannibalbarca2928]

origins of Xiognu Recent genetics research in 2003[4] confirmed the studies[5] indicating that the Turkic peoples,[6] originated from the same area and therefore are possibly related. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu

[@toocharged]

Mongolia was named after genghis banded all the tribes together on the area of North East Asia they were turkic tribes

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@toocharged Iranian Scythians and Uyghurs laughing

[@RandomGuy-df1oy]

Great video but Modu Chanyu was not the founder, it was his father, "Tuman".

[@sinanylmaz1409]

Yes Tuman. But big soldier Metehan. Hiung nu = Turks

[@subutaynoyan5372]

@@sinanylmaz1409 Mate, nobody called him Metehan, it's something that's been made up in Turkey.

[@sinanylmaz1409]

@@subutaynoyan5372 Bullshit here all you want. Ma-Taun = Metehan. The same people. You're trying to make the Huns Mongols. He doesn't have any documents. In any case, the Mongols are not Turks. You're making a fool of yourself. The Huns and Turks are the same. And everything is clear with the documents.

[@subutaynoyan5372]

@@sinanylmaz1409 How did you deduce that Ma-Taun is Mete Han? Being a moron must be blissful.

[@wetot2]

It is always entertaining watching Turko Mongol bicker over history... LOL

[@erdincdalaran6478]

Not one mention about them being turkic ? Modu chanyu = mete han , the first great khan

[@subutaynoyan5372]

Look mate, this is a report from 2200 years ago. And there was no such word as Turk back then! Nobody called themselves Turks at steppes until the infamous Göktürk Khanate and their decendants emerged. Even then, their conquered tribes were calling themselves with different tribal names. The name ''Turk'' stuck when they assimilated the entirity of the steppes in between 8th and 10th centuries and as the leading tribes, other nations started to call steppe peoples ''Turks'' because who was supposed to remember dozens and dozens of different clan names? And how the fuck do you get the idea of he was called Mete? It's just something we Turks do to make it sound easier to Turkish. He probably wasn't called Modu either, but definetly not Mete.

[@tughluq8324]

@@subutaynoyan5372 Xiongnu arent Mongol but Mongols are Xiongnu/Hun. The same for the Turkic People they are Xiongnu/Hun but the Xiongnu arent Turkic. Other example is the English are Anglo-Saxons but the Anglo-Saxons arent English.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

M Bayrak Kyrgyz Turks existed at bc 300 ignorant kid😂😂😂

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

M Bayrak kendine türk demesine gerek yok türk dili konuşuyordu ve türk kabilesiydi gayet açık bir şekilde

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Omeljan Pritsak further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old Xiongnu ruling house 屠各 Tuge (in Old Chinese d'o-klâk).[31][26] This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).[31][33] Peter B. Golden surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤 Dugu (< d'uk-kuo) or 屠各 Tuge (< d'o-klâk) possibly reflects underlying Turkic *Tuğqu or *Tuğlağ "tribe of the tuğ?"[34] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia. (Rene Grousset) the (likely Turkic-speaking) Xiongnu, Huns and Avars. indo-european.eu/2020/08/xiongnu-ancestry-connects-huns-avars-to-scytho-siberians/ only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family. www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins

[@Yarblocosifilitico]

I wonder if there's any mention of one of the many pyramids in China in one of these chronicles. If not, how could that be?

[@givemeurhats]

May have been already hidden

[@dongf2618]

people treating Han dynasty emperor tombs and Tangut king tombs as pyramids, and make conspiracy theories on them, lol.

[@shane8037]

The Xiongnu aren't sending their best and brightest. Build the wall!

[@lokumftw2621]

Make the Xiongu pay for it!

[@toocharged]

@@lokumftw2621 Haha

[@Channel-sp3fp]

“The Great Yuezhi are located about seven thousand li [2,910 km] north of India. […] The skin of the people there is reddish white.” - The Western Regions, Wan Zhen (3rd century AD) “Among the barbarians in the Western Regions, the look of the Wusun is the most unusual. The present barbarians who have green eyes and red hair, and look like macaque monkeys, are the offspring of this people.” - Book of Han, Yan Shigu (1st Century AD)

[@bapo224]

Please make a video about the Frisians!

[@Ashman792]

For those interested in Chinese history, I can’t recommend highly enough the China History Podcast with Lazlo Montgomery. You’ll have a PhD in Chinese history after listening to all he’s made

[@oldtechie6834]

Ban Gu (32AD - 102AD) and his younger sister Ban Zhao were both historians during the Eastern Han era. His younger brother Ban Chao was a general and a diplomat. Ban Gu and Ban Chao had led army to fight the Huns.

[@yundendorjpurevdorj7963]

Long-lost Nomad City of the Xiongnu Empire Found in Mongolia 09.07.2020

[@TheMelonhead360]

300,000 men on horses can't imagine how terrifying that would be

[@BATTERIESc]

You cant imagine it because it didnt happen. Exaggerated like crazy.

[@user-uw9zf5ev5o]

@@BATTERIESc no its real

[@user-uw9zf5ev5o]

@@BATTERIESc nomads can make every man even teenagers a soilder

[@boshirahmed]

History now and then is always exaggerated for propoganda purposes, best to use common sense by looking at alternative sources..eg..300 Spartans had 3 thousand random foot soldiers..it's like saying 12 navy seals won a war on their own..

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@user-uw9zf5ev5o When the Scythians were expelled from western Mongolia, they said that the Scythians had 600,000 people and soldiers.

[@markmcarthy596]

The Xiongnu had quite a sophisticated society and knowledge to match any Greek or Roman Scholars. I frequently wonder if Rome or China would win in battle

[@davidkelly4210]

Both China and Rome beat them.

[@davidkelly4210]

Both China and Rome beat them.

[@nodosa994]

To be fair, Rome never fought the Xiongnu. The Huns are not the Xiongnu, maybe related but far from each others geologically, and historically.

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

I think the terrain would influence that. Roman's weren't accustomed to severe cold, so the Steppes would be their achilles heel.

[@hwasiaqhan8923]

Well later on multiple Chinese expedition forces won against the Xiongnu, many times outnumbered by the Xiongnu as well. The Chinese adopted the Xiongnu’s horse archery but with the support of heavy infantries and superior armour and crossbows pretty much decimated the xiongnu’s tactical advantages.

[@wallykoszyk2734]

Rich video!

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Xiongnu is Turkish Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38 0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian 0.06925119 Uzbek 0.07192976 Bashkir 0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07777367 Uygur 0.08059425 Hazara 0.08332238 Nogai 0.09622928 Karakalpak 0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.10606315 Tubalar 0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.11764581 Turkmen 0.12223570 Kazakh 0.12239900 Shor_Mountain 0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest 0.12563648 Shor 0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia 0.13202128 Tlingit 0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka 0.14369369 Udmurt 0.14459824 Khakass 0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe 0.14503753 Bahun 0.14774430 Mansi 0.14886521 Besermyan

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

@baby龙 hahaha

[@metalist6666]

Our Great Khan Modu Chanyu or Turkish Name is Mete Han Founder of Turkish Land Forces, He is not only Khan of Mongols he is also Khan of Turkic people, Because Mongols and Turks has same Father and Mother, we have same blood in our vein. Greetings from Turkey to all of Xiongnu-Hun-Hunnu People Of the World.

[@yifeishi9857]

Then you probably need to include the Chinese. Half of Xiongnu people were Chinesefy later, even included his direct descendent, the Chanyu at that time.

[@metalist6666]

@@yifeishi9857half of xiongnu were chinesefied yes, we called TABGAÇ not fully xiongnu mixed with chinese, but Mete Khan is not Chinesefied, his father Teoman's second wife is chinese and Chinese wife wants to lead to Xiongnu his mixed son after Teoman, and she wants to kill the Mete, then Teoman Send's Mete to a Chinese Trap, but the Mete is smart man he is not caught by the chinese, then he Turns back to Xiongnu and killed his father, teoman's chinese wife and child, then he will be Khan of the Hun Empire(All of The TURKS and MONGOLS), we were fight together within hundred-thousand years to chinese, tell me who is chinese? :) Mete(Hun Empire) ,Bumin and istemi(Gokturk Empire) or Chinggis(Mongol Empire)?

[@yifeishi9857]

@@metalist6666 the Turkic world is not the only descendent of those great people. Part of them go to west ( and melt into Islam culture later). Part of them go to south and melt into Chinese. We just equal

[@yifeishi9857]

@@metalist6666 the story you told is wrong. Touman Chan Yu’s wife is not Chinese. And modu is not to a Chinese trap but another nomad people. No need to tell me Chinese history. We know it well from our record

[@overpredor3412]

@@yifeishi9857 moğol imparatorluğunda da bir sürü türk komutan asker vardı ama başları moğol olduğu için moğol imp onlar moğol imp i paylaşıyo mu biz niye xiongnuyu paşlaşıyoruz

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Omeljan Pritsak further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old Xiongnu ruling house 屠各 Tuge (in Old Chinese d'o-klâk).[31][26] This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).[31][33] Peter B. Golden surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤 Dugu (< d'uk-kuo) or 屠各 Tuge (< d'o-klâk) possibly reflects underlying Turkic *Tuğqu or *Tuğlağ "tribe of the tuğ?"[34] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia. (Rene Grousset) only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]

[@vcrsalesman2606]

I learned about this in class. I haven’t even watched it yet and I know it’s not gonna be favorable

[@mikemoreno3271]

I was recently reading some of Ezekiel, from the old testament, and i couldnt help but notice parallels to the mongol empire... any thoughts?

[@wetot2]

About Gog & Magog ? Also it mentions the great King from the east

[@yarykha1]

There are some Hmong people that claim to be Xiongnu, others also believe they belong to one of the missing tribe of Israelites.

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@yarykha1 No Iranians

[@yarykha1]

@@user-xu9ji4dd4e Hmong people are Iranians? More info please?

[@robonaught]

Xiongnu AKA what the Huns in Mulan are supposed to be.

[@Min-Jeong2003]

nope ,In the Han Dynasty, xiongnu was no longer on the Mongolian grassland. They were defeated by the Han Dynasty then moved west.its Rouran in "Mulan"

[@Attila646]

@@Min-Jeong2003 the first movie itself most probably took place in the qin dynasty. But the live action movie on the other hand idk since I haven’t watched it

[@Jejak_Pengangguran]

1:57 look like european

[@LuisAldamiz]

Probably a Tocharian and not Xiongnu.

[@nodosa994]

It was never uncommon to have white skinned round eyed people within the steppes of modern day Mongolia and northern China. Tocharians and Yuezi are the best example of this. However, that figure that you see there is from the Ordos culture group. Scythians who happen to live in Northern China before being absorbed by the Xiongnu and later, the Han Dynasty.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@nodosa994 - Genetics proves that there was a time when it was uncommon and that time was all the way to the end of the Bronze Age. In those times the Altai Mts. acted as a true demographic barrier, with people west of it being entirely West Eurasian and east of it entirely East Asian. However in the Iron Age (roughly the last millenium BCE) the barrier was opened at least for matrilineal (female) flow and we began seeing admixture both sides of the range. >> forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.com/2012/11/mitochondrial-snapshots-from-east-west.html This only applies to the steppe, the taiga (forest) areas of Siberia were since much earlier open to East Asian inflows, all the way to NE Europe in some cases. Anyway the statue does not suggest eye/hair color but features. And for that reason and the artistic style I strongly suspect is a Tocharian artifact.

[@12345678900987659101]

I don't remember Europeans looking like a figurine.

[@hwasiaqhan8923]

Who knows what that pottery’s ethnicity is lol, in this video there are many irrelevant images.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"

[@Man_663]

The book of Wei isn’t contemporary to the xiongnu, so you can’t really use it as evidence. The xiongnu were likely multi ethnic. And some xiongnu rulers like modu chanyu were proven to have been legendary figures.

[@ReviveHF]

The air is filled with smoke and blood.....(quote from Atilla TW)

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Fun Fact: Janhunen showed like 100 Xiongnu (Oghur Turkic) words in Mongolic/Para-Mongolic languages.

[@brucet4115]

The ancient Chinese be like: Build the Wall!

[@protectorategeneral]

Bruce T no they didn’t build the wall for huns alone, they built the wall because the settled people can defeat but hard to chase and determine the nomads once and for all, nomads knows the grassland and desert better . many civilizations had built walls because of this reason. this nomads problem was finally solved by maxim gun and Russian expansion.

[@hattusilli2225]

Their military tactics are more Mongol Turkic, the Chinese have tendency to give foreigners their own decided names. Thus Chinifying their character.

[@sinanylmaz1409]

Moğollar Türk değildir. Burada bahsedilen Hiung nu ise Türklerdir. Videoda bahsedilenler Türklerin atalarıdır.

[@josesbox9555]

Interesting. During the Roman Empire. Cool stuff.

[@liyawei85]

Xiongnu was pronounced as Hun nu back then, and nu is derogatory, so basically xiongnu is Hun

[@kevinthomson2691]

That means Xiongnu were Mongolians. Because the Huns were Mongolians.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@kevinthomson2691 ımportant note =these sentences are copied from the GENOME NEWS NETWORK account below. origins of Xiognu DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture. Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1MUAWwoxgPYYgO_ODbuZYbuQQnbmNvKiI72E38_6rHiYjTe3kc-Ht2FHY

[@suleimanthemagnificent1494]

@@kevinthomson2691 Xiongnu is Turkic: The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84

[@tongmu5881]

The Han people always don't have good horses. Every time, when the Han people have enough horses, the nightmare of nomads comes.

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

Tell this to the Empire of the Huns, they defeated the Huns with the help of the Scythians and the Turks

[@Tamerlane_]

Home » Events » An Account of the Xiongnu: The First Documented Super-Polity on the Mongol Steppe An Account of the Xiongnu: The First Documented Super-Polity on the Mongol Steppe Leland Rogers - Postdoctoral Associate in East Asian Studies and Lecturer in Anthropology Mongolia Table of Contents The first significant recorded appearance of nomads came late in the third century B.C., when the Chinese repelled an invasion of the Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu in Wade-Giles romanization) across the Huang He (Yellow River) from the Gobi. The Xiongnu were a nomadic people of uncertain origins. Their language is not known to modern scholars, but the people were probably similar in appearance and characteristics to the later Mongols. A Chinese army, which had adopted Xiongnu military technology--wearing trousers and using mounted archers with stirrups--pursued the Xiongnu across the Gobi in a ruthless punitive expedition. Fortification walls built by various Chinese warring states were connected to make a 2,300-kilometer Great Wall along the northern border, as a barrier to further nomadic inroads.

[@alva72nashir3]

retreat is part of strategy.. and war is art of deceiving

[@motasemsalameh1521]

Nice, how about Du Huan; a Chinese soldier who was captured by the Muslims at the Battle of Talas, mentioned by the chronicler Du You (735-812) in his Encyclopedic History of Institutions

[@amitkumar-sz6ze]

What about the Turks and Mongols who ruled the long nosed, Big eyed Arabs for thousands years!!

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@amitkumar-sz6ze The Turks were Iranians and the Mongols were killed by Timur Link, who was one of the Mongols

[@blee04524]

The things is as an agricultural society chinese will never go in and attack nomads its always defensive plus its difficult to eliminate nomads since theyll just run around

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

The Scythians defeated the Huns, my friend, in Central Asia

[@KevinVang1000]

Some Hmong people were exiled to the Xiongnu group after the fall of the Chu Dynasty to be sold as slaves or to be exiled.

[@Ersen_abiniz]

l am from Türkiye and according to illustrative DNA test l have 30 Xiongnu anchestors. %6.6 amur river hunter gatherers genome, 3.6 yellow river hunter gatherers 20 central steppe

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

😂😂😂😂😂😂There are no people who look like Chinese in the area

[@JonMow]

who made the chinese scare should scare the world and they did

[@Austrian_Butcher]

Wait, Shen Yu? Did Mulan goof up and instead of using Xiongnu they used Huns because it's more known in the west?

[@iapetusmccool]

The Huns are (possibly) the same as/descended from the Xiongnu.

[@robonaught]

The Chinese dubs of Mulan did call them Xiongnu. They probably just went with calling them Huns in English since Xiongnu would be a harder word for the English audience to understand. Also it's believed Huns are descendants of Xiongnu.

[@usedx115x]

Interesting that all semi-nomadic people from Germania to Manchuria used the false route since history started being recorded.

[@AceHardy]

📙💯

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Xiongnu is Türk because Chinese sources said that Xiongnu and Göktürks are same peoples

[@yifeishi9857]

No such Chinese source. Chinese source shows Xiongnu are ancient Chinese people who go to the north

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@yifeishi9857 ımportant note =these sentences are copied from the GENOME NEWS NETWORK account below. origins of Xiognu DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture. Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1MUAWwoxgPYYgO_ODbuZYbuQQnbmNvKiI72E38_6rHiYjTe3kc-Ht2FHY

[@suleimanthemagnificent1494]

@@yifeishi9857 Xiongnu is Turkic: The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84

[@Tamerlane_]

It is not surprising that "Shanyu" comes from "broad", and the same meaning is given to "strong emperor" in Central Plains. But chan-yu was pronounced very early, and subsequent generations blindly followed this misdirection, so naturally they could not find the etymological clues. The Mongolian word for "guang" is delger and "chief" darga. The two words are indeed very similar in sound and may even have the same root. The Mongolian g sound is usually translated to palatal gh followed by u or f. If "Shanyu" is read as da-ghu or da-u, it's Mongolian origin can be understood at a glance.善玉”出自“廣”並不奇怪，中原賦予“強帝”同樣的含義。但“chan-yu”的發音很早，後人一味地聽從了這個誤導，自然找不到詞源線索。 “光”的蒙古語是delger和“chief”darga，這兩個詞在發音上確實非常相似，甚至可能有同一個詞根。蒙古語 g 音通常被翻譯成顎音 gh，後跟 u 或 f。如果把“山語”讀作大呼或大烏，一看就知道是蒙古族。

[@Man_663]

No contemporary Chinese source states that the language that the Xiongnu spoke was Turkic.

[@Kavino]

The Xiongnu might possibly by Turkic but scholars also proposes that they might be a multi ethnic confederation of many cultures (not all Turkic/Proto-Mongolic) like the Huns.

[@subutaynoyan5372]

Yeah as a Turk, I'm with Kenneth Harl on this one. They even had Iranian tribes in the outer steppes and inner tribes were more turkic and mongolic. But not exactly Turks or Mongols of the medieval era.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Huns and Xiongnus were Turk by origin who later mixed many different peoples Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38 0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian 0.06925119 Uzbek 0.07192976 Bashkir 0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07777367 Uygur 0.08059425 Hazara 0.08332238 Nogai 0.09622928 Karakalpak 0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.10606315 Tubalar 0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.11764581 Turkmen 0.12223570 Kazakh 0.12239900 Shor_Mountain 0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest 0.12563648 Shor 0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia 0.13202128 Tlingit 0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka 0.14369369 Udmurt 0.14459824 Khakass 0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe 0.14503753 Bahun 0.14774430 Mansi 0.14886521 Besermyan

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Omeljan Pritsak further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old Xiongnu ruling house 屠各 Tuge (in Old Chinese d'o-klâk).[31][26] This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).[31][33] Peter B. Golden surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤 Dugu (< d'uk-kuo) or 屠各 Tuge (< d'o-klâk) possibly reflects underlying Turkic *Tuğqu or *Tuğlağ "tribe of the tuğ?"[34] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia. (Rene Grousset) the (likely Turkic-speaking) Xiongnu, Huns and Avars. indo-european.eu/2020/08/xiongnu-ancestry-connects-huns-avars-to-scytho-siberians/ only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family. www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins

[@thewarriorfrog]

The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4CBA0E2CB74C8093EC1CA38C95067D55/S2513843X20000183a_hi.pdf/_div_class__title__Early_nomads_of_the_Eastern_Steppe_and_their_tentative_connections_in_the_West__div_.pdf As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. academic.oup.com/jole/article/3/2/145/5067185 An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. academic.oup.com/jole/article-pdf/5/1/39/32972809/lzz010.pdf Xiongnu (Pre-Proto-Bulgharic, in Mongolia). brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/jeal/1/1/article-p46_4.xml The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic www.studmed.ru/view/janhunen-j-the-mongolic-languages_5a46d1344a9.html?page=44 By the final centuries bc, they became the Yuezhi. They would be displaced by the Turkish Xiongnu, the beginnings of the westward movement of Turkish tribes that would lead them to Anatolia (which would eventually be called Turkey, after the ruling Turks) and domination of central Asia, while the Indo-Europeans of the steppes moved south into the central Asian regions and into southern and south-western Asia. webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/prehistorysteppes.html The first historical references to the Turks appear in Chinese records dating around 200 B.C. These records refer to tribes called the Hsiung-nu (an early form of the Western term Hun ), who lived in an area bounded by the Altai Mountains, Lake Baykal, and the northern edge of the Gobi Desert, and who are believed to have been the ancestors of the Turks. Specific references in Chinese sources in the sixth century A.D. identify the tribal kingdom called Tu-Küe located on the Orkhon River south of Lake Baykal. The khans (chiefs) of this tribe accepted the nominal suzerainty of the Tang Dynasty. The earliest known example of writing in a Turkic language was found in that area and has been dated around A.D. 730. [Source: Library of Congress, January 1995 *] factsanddetails.com/asian/cat65/sub424/item2688.html The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation had broken up, but a nomadic proto- Mongol people known as the Xianbei. books.google.com.tr/books?id=nBDC2cqb6I0C&pg=PA73&dq=HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHkPDUic3tAhWLK3cKHWupCGkQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Xianbei&f=false (Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu(the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia. books.google.com.tr/books?id=2udRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT448&dq=HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHkPDUic3tAhWLK3cKHWupCGkQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Xiongnu&f=false (Harvard University Press) The proto - Turkic Hsiung - nu were now challenged by other alien groups - proto - Tibetans books.google.com.tr/books?id=wdqoHQRUhAYC&pg=PA136&dq=STANFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyyIC069XtAhXro4sKHVevCu4Q6AEwAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=Hsiung-nu&f=true (Stanford University Press)

[@thewarriorfrog]

Only Turks Not mongols

[@melissagerber7231]

I have Hunnic and Xiongnu DNA ( way back), but, also East Asian, from China. Some Han or Mongol must have got intermixed.

[@baconsans431]

“Recent research suggests that Hunnu did not differ much from modern Mongols in their appearance and may represent their ancestors. Anthropological studies show that the Mongoloid race or Central Asian type was already well shaped by the time of Hunnu. This a final conclusion made by Prof. G.Tumen, Chair of the Anthropology and Archeology of the Mongolian National University, after more than 30 years of comparative study of skulls from Stone Age to modern times. DNA analysis also proved the consistency of genetic lines between Hunnu and modern Mongols. This scientific conclusion implies that Atilla the Hun was indeed an ancestor of the Mongols.” Factsanddetails.com

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia (Rene Grousset) The dominant nomad people in the Mongolian steppe in the 7th century, the Tujue, were identified with the Turks and claimed to be descended from the Xiongnu. A number of Xiongnu customs do suggest Turkish affinity, which has led some historians to suggest that the western Xiongnu may have been the ancestors of the European Turks of later centuries. www.britannica.com/topic/Xiongnu Their ethnical affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the Turki stock, as were the Huns, their later western representatives. They are the first Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese. en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Hiung-nu Including Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Shiratori Kurakichi, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain and Omeljan Pritsak, believe it was a Turkic language. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ The earliest references to peoples that are presumed to be Turkic date to the era of the Xiongnu (2nd century BC), well before the appearance of the Türks proper (mid-6th century AD). www.college-de-france.fr/site/gilles-veinstein/The-Question-of-Turk-Origins__1.htm Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914: • "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries." The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[23][24][25][26][27] The Hun hordes of Attila, who invaded and conquered much of Europe in the 5th century, may have been Turkic and descendants of the Xiongnu.[21][28][29] en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey The earliest separate Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu confederation about 200 BCE[70] (contemporaneous with the Chinese Han Dynasty).[71] It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[72][73][74][75][76] a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family. www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia From this a some scholars hold that the Xiongnu had a script similar to Eurasian runiform and this alphabet itself served as the basis for the ancient Turkic writing.[127]

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38 0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian 0.06925119 Uzbek 0.07192976 Bashkir 0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07777367 Uygur 0.08059425 Hazara 0.08332238 Nogai 0.09622928 Karakalpak 0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.10606315 Tubalar 0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.11764581 Turkmen 0.12223570 Kazakh 0.12239900 Shor_Mountain 0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest 0.12563648 Shor 0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia 0.13202128 Tlingit 0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka 0.14369369 Udmurt 0.14459824 Khakass 0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe 0.14503753 Bahun 0.14774430 Mansi 0.14886521 Besermyan

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

*Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hunnic_Empire Even the language spoken by the Huns is in dispute, though most experts believe they were of Turkish speech. www.britannica.com/place/the-Steppe/New-barbarian-incursions Azerbaijan open to raids by Turkic nomadic tribes from the north, including Khazars and Huns. www.encyclopedia.com/places/commonwealth-independent-states-and-baltic-nations/cis-and-baltic-political-geography-6#HISTORY The Huns have often been considered a Turkic people, and sometimes associated with the Xiongnu. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_migration#Origin_theories The Huns, a Turkic-speaking people, driven westward during the Han dynasty in China (206 bc-ad 220), created a nomadic empire in central Asia that extended into Europe, beginning about ad 370. It reached almost to Rome under the leadership of Attila (r.433?-453) and declined after his death. www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/chinese-political-geography/mongolia#HISTORY They are thought to be a Turkic people descended from the Xiongnu tribes, who first appeared as a tribal confederation on the northern frontier of China in the late third century BC. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hunnic-empire Turkic nomadic tribes from the north, including Khazars and Huns. www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/iranian-political-geography/azerbaijan-iran Originally nomadic peoples from the steppes of Central Asia, Turkish tribes began moving west toward Europe around the first century a.d. In the middle of the 400s, the first group, known as the Huns, reached western Europe. www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/turkish-americans Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia Khazars are also called Turks and Huns. www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/central-asian-history/khazars www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/khazars In the opinion of other scholars it was earlier Turkic-language groups that took part in the formation of the Karachay ethnic group: Hunns, Bulgars, and Khazars. who were living in the northern Caucasus in the ninth to twelfth centuries. www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/swaziland-political-geography/karachays www.everyculture.com/Russia-Eurasia-China/Karachays-History-and-Cultural-Relations.html Huns known as the. Turks. crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3333/1/Modi_History%20of%20the%20Huns.pdf The Huns, a Turkic-speaking people www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Mongolia-HISTORY.html Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesEurope/BarbarianHuns01.htm The roots of anti-Turkism can be traced back to the arrival of the Huns in Europe.[10] While the ethnic background of the Huns is a matter of dispute among historians, they are widely believed to have been of Turkic origin,[11] and their invasion inspired fear among Europeans. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Turkism A member of a nomadic tribe, the Huns, most likely of Turkic origin, which invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia. en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hun Learning and teaching of Hun’s history, as part of the Turkic world has a great theoretical and practical significance in university education. Huns belonged to the Turkic-speaking tribes. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042813029820/pdf?md5=847f9260d999ae4caaf591a81d60972e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877042813029820-main.pdf&_valck=1 The Huns, who, later on, bore the name of 'Turks,' natives of a country situated on the. crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3333/1/Modi_History%20of%20the%20Huns.pdf Huns (Οὐ̑ννοι), an Asian (possibly Turkic) people that appears in Roman sources beginning with Ammianus Marcellinus; it is generally accepted ... www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001/acref-9780195046526-e-2370

[@Takmatikbaspapaz]

Hepthalites(White Huns,Abdelai,Hayatila,Hua) Inner Asian 'Hunnic' group (or rather dynasty), perhaps of Turkic origin. www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-2200 During the mid-fifth century, mass southward migration of a Turkic tribe from Central Asia known as the Hephthalites (also called Huna or White Huns) invaded Sassanian lands and created a new kingdom (or khanate) that centered on Afghanistan. www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh02-09enl.html The Huns, who carried later the name of the Turks, originate in a country in the north of China. www.cambridge.org/core/books/empires-and-exchanges-in-eurasian-late-antiquity/xiongnu-and-huns/A50D5FA09C67752CB0CD2E3441F87840/core-reader Caucasus as the first Turkic peoples (Avars, Bulgars, Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs) arrived. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Exile The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4CBA0E2CB74C8093EC1CA38C95067D55/S2513843X20000183a_hi.pdf/_div_class__title__Early_nomads_of_the_Eastern_Steppe_and_their_tentative_connections_in_the_West__div_.pdf Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ Turkic Speaking Huns books.google.com.tr/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&pg=PA6&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjO4tibh5HpAhWKw6YKHaKtA_UQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=&f=false (Oxford University Press) Compare Chinese tu-kin, recorded from c. 177 B.C.E. as the name of a people living south of the Altai Mountains (identified by some with the Huns). www.etymonline.com/word/turk Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72). About 370 A . D . the Germanic - speaking Goths , who had originated in Scandinavia , were driven to the west by the largely Turkic - speaking Huns from the east .[1] *1-The Encyclopedia Americana www.thefreedictionary.com/Hun The Bulgars and Huns who quickly spread the religion in that region introduced the religion to Eastern Europe. www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-tengrism.html www.etymonline.com/search?q=hun projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/huri/files/vvi_n4_dec1982.pdf scourgeofgodblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/the-huns-hyun-jin-kim.pdf abload.de/img/123copy43kp9.png?fbclid=IwAR00r6fZsB8cUvgZDRslbcfDAawDgjii6td8_8HXaQnCHbWjGfXzOE5pvKI The steppes north of the Black Sea were under the control of nomads, Huns, and Bulgars, primarily Turkic-speaking although with an Ugric minority. The troops were barbarian foederati of Germanic, Turkic ( Huns and Bulgars ), and, perhaps, Slavic origins. www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Huns+and+Bulgars&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Byzantine writers themselves on the produce of their flocks , and live called the Huns Turks . It is now amongst historunder tents of felt . *William Darby* Whereas the Hunas from about 450 were Turkic in language. sai.columbia.edu/files/sai/content/Ahmed%20-%20Trautmann%2C%20Ch.%209%20Turks%20and%20Mughals-1_0.pdf In the Hunno-Bulgarian languages /r/ within a consonantic cluster tends to disappear projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/huri/files/vvi_n4_dec1982.pdf

[@arystanbeck914]

Wow. Great info! The only thing I doubt is that Xiongnu could gather 300 thousand warriors. Their number was probably exaggerated by Chinese as an excuse for the defeat.

[@sami3566]

The region that they live in it have many pastures and even practiced some millet farming So no I don't think Chinese and exaggerated their numbers

[@ChinaStyle-so7ld]

@@sami3566 抱歉我不会英语。 但他的数学应该确实夸大了，中国后来的史学家也认为人数会在10000万左右。

[@msbudmsbud7593]

The ancestors of the Turcs !

[@Crafty_Spirit]

I am surprised that there seems to be no anger in these notes... I mean, the Han basically paid them off with their daughters 🤮

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Xiongnu is First Turkish Empire

[@kevinthomson2691]

It was Mongolian. It had nothing to do with turkey.

[@overpredor3412]

@@kevinthomson2691 even title says before the mongols its asia hun empire nad huns are turk go crying

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@kevinthomson2691 ımportant note =these sentences are copied from the GENOME NEWS NETWORK account below. origins of Xiognu DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture. Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1MUAWwoxgPYYgO_ODbuZYbuQQnbmNvKiI72E38_6rHiYjTe3kc-Ht2FHY

[@thewarriorfrog]

@@kevinthomson2691 Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower *Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72). A recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as “king of the Oghur Huns." in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-150

[@suleimanthemagnificent1494]

@@kevinthomson2691 Xiongnu is Turkic: The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84

[@attila-timur.6648]

Xiongnu The First Turkic Empire 🇹🇲🇰🇿🇹🇷🇦🇿🇰🇬🇺🇿

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

👍

[@kevinthomson2691]

First recorded. I’m sure there was others. Btw they were Mongolians.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@kevinthomson2691 ımportant note =these sentences are copied from the GENOME NEWS NETWORK account below. origins of Xiognu DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture. Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1MUAWwoxgPYYgO_ODbuZYbuQQnbmNvKiI72E38_6rHiYjTe3kc-Ht2FHY

[@jonathanwells223]

You’re being entirely dishonest. The Göktürks were debated to be a splinter offshoot of the Xiongnu and that’s as far as relations go between the Xiongnu and the Turks.

[@suleimanthemagnificent1494]

@@kevinthomson2691 Xiongnu is Turkic: The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84

[@_berat.ugur_3089]

Do you mean BRAVE TURKS Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower English Hunnish Turkish Apple Alma Elma Khan Han Han Wolf Böri Börü/Kurt Hear İşit İşit God Tengri Tengri/Allah Mother Ana Ana/Anne Daddy Ata Ata/Baba Day Kün Gün Horse At At Moon Ay Ay Real Öz Öz Soldier Er Er White Ak Ak Black Kara Kara Eye Köz Göz Islak Yaş/Yeş Yaş Nine(9) Toğuz Dokuz Thirty(30) Otuz Otuz Sky Kök Gök Boy Oglan Oğlan Arrow Ok Ok Clan Bog Boy Man Beg Bey East Dogu Doğu Nice Kozal Güzel Water Su Su Go Kit Git Golden Altun Altın Diamond Almaz Elmas Thorn Tigin Diken Rose Kül Gül Head Baş Baş İron Timur Demir

[@kanyery7499]

The Xiongnu didn't have 300.000 cavarly at the battle of Baideng. The Xiongnu's entire population wasn't even 1 millon at that time. Modu Chan-yu had 20.000-40.000 soldiers at his rule including the 10.000 soldiers that he trained himself that was given by his father. The Chinese lost so terribly that they had to come up with this lie. The entire population of Central asia in 600 AD was around 2 millon. It's impossible for Modu to have 300.000 cavarly teach history correctly.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

Were you with them in order to know the number of their population 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@kanyery7499]

@@user-cg2tw8pw7j This not my guess or lie. It is what historians estimate you fool.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

​@@kanyery7499You mean the people who take Chinese sources if you say that what they say is right

[@subutaynoyan5372]

The first herald of the upcoming Göktürk Khaganate and then the mongols.

[@sinanylmaz1409]

Asian Hun Empire. Its other name is Hiung Nu, which is the Han Dynasty. They are our ancestors. We live in Turkey. Teoman, Metehan is our ancestor. It has been proven that they are Turkish in archaeological studies. They are not Mongolian. Because the Mongols and the Tunguz tribe are separate tribes. Everyone will have great respect for their ancestors in Turkey. There are statues of the great Turkish States in the presidency. One of them is Hiung Nu, the Asian Hun Empire. We never forget our ancestors.

[@Willxdiana]

Thank you for not forgetting

[@dinmalikogli5983]

My Turkic blood erupts

[@whatslavender]

I sent a message on instagram did you see it

[@James-sn5mg]

Xiongnu is a mix of Turks and Scythians.

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

No Iranian Scythians lived in western Mongolia

[@James-sn5mg]

@@user-xu9ji4dd4e Xiongnu and turks lived in entire Mongolia

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@James-sn5mg The Mongols and the Turks, but the Huns were Iranian Scythians and the Mongols

[@James-sn5mg]

@@user-xu9ji4dd4e the huns were Iranian Scyhtians and xiongnu, not mongol. There was no Mongols at the time

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

😂😂😂

[@ayske1]

Like to see more historical texts on the Japanese and Korean empires

[@nehcooahnait7827]

lol Korean ‘empire’ 😂 ... and the only Japanese empire were the imperial Japan, which Isn’t that old. The self-tittled ‘大韓帝國’ Korean empire 🇰🇷 was barely a sovereign state because of the Japanese military existence after 1894. Apparently it got annexed not so long after

[@user-vw8ex6kn6b]

More than a hundred years ago, South Korea and North Korea were affiliated with China. Are you sure you want to know?

[@XuerLi]

Korean texts😂😂😂 but the thing is they didn't even have texts bro until like six hundreds years ago.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

ayske1 Xiongnu not korean.Xiongnu Turkic empire COPİED NEWWORLDENCLOPEDİA "Recent genetics research in 2003[4] confirmed the studies[5] indicating that the Turkic peoples,[6] originated from the same area and therefore are possibly related." www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu#cite_note-4

[@ayske1]

@@hannibalbarca2928 huh

[@gj1234567899999]

The Chinese narrator describes tactics that the steppe nomads do over and over even a thousand years later. Yet it is like they fall for it every time! The feigned retreat maybe learn about it!

[@hwasiaqhan8923]

G J Resa They don’t fall for it every single time, this is highly situational.

[@subutaynoyan5372]

Because in the old days, information was not this expanding and easy to get. People are struggling to remember things ten days past sometimes, no wonder they can't ''remember'' things through generations. Besides, if you don't follow, they'll just harrass you. If you follow, they'll break you. Most generals aren't that good to deal with nomads.

[@dongf2618]

well, that's not true. And second, it is hard to counter. It's like your enemy comes and flees and you should never chase after them, do you think that is viable?

[@boshirahmed]

@@dongf2618 Mongols always chased their enemy, it's a tactic often used..the only issue is if it's a tactical retreat..

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@boshirahmed The Mamluks in Egypt and India laugh

[@oghuz_kaghan]

While turks build empires the mongols tried to survive everyone is yapping about how great ghingis Khan was but there are far greater Khans like bagatur khan bumin khan bilge khan istemi khan and their mighty Generals kül tigin etc of course the wise advicer tonyukuk

[@Tamerlane_]

It is not surprising that "Shanyu" comes from "broad", and the same meaning is given to "strong emperor" in Central Plains. But chan-yu was pronounced very early, and subsequent generations blindly followed this misdirection, so naturally they could not find the etymological clues. The Mongolian word for "guang" is delger and "chief" darga. The two words are indeed very similar in sound and may even have the same root. The Mongolian g sound is usually translated to palatal gh followed by u or f. If "Shanyu" is read as da-ghu or da-u, it's Mongolian origin can be understood at a glance. 善玉”出自“廣”並不奇怪，中原賦予“強帝”同樣的含義。但“chan-yu”的發音很早，後人一味地聽從了這個誤導，自然找不到詞源線索。 “光”的蒙古語是delger和“chief”darga，這兩個詞在發音上確實非常相似，甚至可能有同一個詞根。蒙古語 g 音通常被翻譯成顎音 gh，後跟 u 或 f。如果把“山語”讀作大呼或大烏，一看就知道是蒙古族。

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

The Iranian Scythians used to live in western Mongolia, my friend. Do these people marry with tribes in, Mongolia?

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Chanyu is literally Sinitic version of Khagan

[@Trapper1]

Shanyu is translated from Chuvash as reliable blood. Previously, this position among the Xiongnu was elective and, accordingly, was entrusted only to reliable people.

[@yuluoxianjun]

why so many turkies say xiongnu as their ancetor?dont they know xiongnu finally cleaned all by chinese han people?even alive,but as han people s slaves,lol

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

Iranian Scythians, Mongol and Chinese sisters, we have a wonderful religion, which is Buddhism, take it

[@efootballunitedyt.4685]

Mongols r not Turks. Let Mr clearify that, they were descended from the Manchus and Siberians but their long term population only influenced culture on Mongols, or else physical appearance is enough to distinguish them very easily.

[@byambajavr6519]

I just wonder why those people from Turkey like to declare Xiongnu was Turkish. If Turkey is descended from Xiongnu, 1. they would have many of tombs which is same as tombs as discovered in Mongolia, 2.Their religion wouldn’t be as same as today’s because Xiongnu worship animals and at least their Islamic would differ from others 3. Most of Turkey people would look like as Asian, but they look more like Europeans, 4. In their culture there would be similarities with Asians.

[@user-xu5mj2tz5y]

Brainwashed，and ambitious for other countries。

[@aboba5995]

++++

[@byambajavr6519]

@Ultra_H yes yes. Xiongnu was from Turkey. Long live 🇹🇷 🇲🇳 friendship.

[@a4235]

Lol as a turk I look more asian than european, no one ever guesses my nationality right. The guesses have been, mongolian, uzbek, Indonesian(?). Also, im pretty sure people from Türkiye didn't mean to say Xiongnu was Turkish, but rather of turkic origin. I will try to answer some of your questions. "Their religion wouldn’t be as same as today’s because Xiongnu worship animals and at least their Islamic would differ from others" Answer: Our turkic ancestors were believers of tengrism, my family members who researched our OWN tribe history explained that our turkic ancestors converted to Islam because they were threatened with death if they didn't. Over time and throughout the next generations tengrism was washed out and they became believers of islam. I don't know the reason for other tribes converting, as it could have converted willingly, but this is just one reason why you won't see tengrism being practiced in Türkiye. "3. Most of Turkey people would look like as Asian, but they look more like Europeans," Answer: As I mentioned before, some of us look more turkic than others due to living closed off in the villages where the turks originally settled down, and not in big cities like Istanbul. Some Turks will have very little, and maybe no turkic blood but is rather a mix of all the people who came to Türkiye after the population exchanges etc. I know that Eskişehir was one of the cities where some of these people chose to settle down, and Istanbul, Izmir and so on also is usually more mixed. It is very likely that the common Turkish citizen has very little turkic dna, but it will wary more or less depending on whether you take a turk from the big city of where these turkic settlers chose to settle down and live. "4. In their culture there would be similarities with Asian" Answer: Well the thing with nomads is that they never really stay one place to practice their culture, and our turkic ancestors quite enjoyed learning from the foreign civilizations they came across. Most of these tribes had no issue with mixing with the local Anatolian people but there is still some villages around in Türkiye that kept their marriages within the village, and they have more Turkic blood than most turks. Later with the influx of the population exchanges Türkiye did truly become a mixpot of cultures, and as Atatürk beautifully put it "How happy is the one who says I am a Turk! (Ne mutlu Türküm diyene). Emphasis is on "is the one WHO SAYS I am a turk" so there is no clear line to what makes you a turk from Türkiye, as long as you have shared history then you will be a turk. Of course this brings a lot of people and new cultures to Türkiye which has influenced the country to what it has become today. However there is still similarities between the turks in Türkiye and all other turks. To understand the similarities you just have to know what the turkic culture is first, and then you will notice. Example of language similarities is covered by this channel kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2WtXqaJjbCYpJY. Moreover another example of turkic culture is also the use names with turkic origin such as, Gökhan (Gökhan is a Turkish forename meaning "ruler of the sky" related to Tengrism. The stem of the name comes from "gök" [ɟœc] ('sky') and han, a title held by hereditary rulers and tribal chiefs among Altaic-speaking people). You will see a lot of names with turkic origin in Türkiye, it is usually with the following: Gök, -han, ay, öz etc. Another example of similarities is with the cuisine/food. "Since the earliest Turkish history, one of the most important bases, and sometimes, the only base of the Turks’ economy has been animal husbandry. Whether in Central Asia or in Anatolia after the adoption of a settled lifestyle, the Turks never abandoned animal husbandry." - www.turkish-cuisine.org/culinary-culture-202/the-development-of-turkish-cuisine-18.html "Turks mostly herded sheep, goats and horses. Dairy was a staple of the nomadic diet and there are many Turkic words for various dairy products such as süt (milk), yagh (butter), ayran, qaymaq (similar to clotted cream), qi̅mi̅z (fermented mare's milk) and qurut (dried yoghurt). During the Middle Ages Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Tatars, who were historically part of the Turkic nomadic group known as the Golden Horde, continued to develop new variations of dairy products." - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples#Archaeology "The second base of the Turkish economy is wheat. However it would be more correct to broaden this go grains in general, because those who were unable either to obtain or plant wheat, planted the easier-to-raise barley and millet. These can also grow in a variety of climates. But economically strong tribes such as the Oğuz in Anatolia ate wheat." - www.turkish-cuisine.org/culinary-culture-202/the-development-of-turkish-cuisine-18.html "The boundaries of Turkish cuisine in the world, in terms of the Turkish cultural realm: It is most appropriate to begin in the Far East, in China: Throughout history, North China remained within the Turkish cultural realm. For this reason the North Chinese economy also is based on the foundations of animal husbandry and wheat culture. Central and South China on the other hand have a rice-based culture. This is the reason that at a North Chinese restaurant, you can find the same foods as ours, made with beef, our söğüş, our mantı, and even our meat böreks. However in a Central and Southern Chinese restaurant you will find none of these items. The reason for such a deep divide is not coincidental; it is the result of a development lasting thousands of years. In China there is a proverb: "North Chinese are afraid of dogs, because dogs are dirty and can hurt them. But dogs are afraid of the Southern Chinese, because South Chinese eat dogs. The South Chinese are afraid of the North Chinese’ mantı, made from meat and dough, because mantı make South Chinese’ stomachs hurt."" - www.turkish-cuisine.org/culinary-culture-202/the-development-of-turkish-cuisine-18.html In Türkiye, manti is still widely enjoyed, it is especially famous in the the area im from, and of course also enjoyed by all other turkic people because we share same origins. Again there is so much more to cover but I am not an expert but I just wanted to relay the info I have on the questions you asked. You can research more on the linked websites if you are interested in learning about more similarities.

[@Saylon.]

​@@byambajavr6519My brother, unfortunately, we mixed with western people because we migrated to the west, so most of the Anatolian Turks are not slanted-eyed. In addition, the eyes of the Oghuz Turks are mostly not slanted, which is quite normal. However, there are even many slant-eyed Turks in Turkey.

[@EfeEserErhan]

Xiongnu is a country where Turks and Moguls live together, but Turks have a say.

[@Haijwsyz51846]

Nonsense. The Turks did not get to the northern border of China centuries later. Turks were from the Central Asia, a tribe of the Seljuk, and went mostly westward to conquer Europe.

[@alexanderchenf1]

@@Haijwsyz51846that’s a superficial opinion

[@Haijwsyz51846]

@@alexanderchenf1 what do you mean superficial? Xiongnu was around on the north of China during the 150 to 250 AD. And the Xiongnu looked mongoloid based on the description by the Romans. Turks did not appear in recorded history until the Seljuk empire were defeated and the Turk tribe established the Ottoman empire.

[@Haijwsyz51846]

@swag8861 only if you think Oghuz Turks were mongoloid people. The peoples lived in modern day Mongolia were all mongoloid peoples. When they migrated west, they were in Central Asia and west Asia for over 200 years before they reached the border of the Roman Empire. They intermixed with causacoid peoples of Iranic and Turkic origins during the 200 years no doubt. When they showed up in the Roman Empire, they still looked more mongoloid that the Romans described them as something they had never seen before, and the Germanic peoples all migrated further west in fear of these people. The Romans fought wars with the Turkic peoples and the Iranic peoples in west Asia that they knew how these people looked like.

[@tonyzheng2347]

When the father died, they married their widow mother. Hmmmm

[@FediMayn]

whahahah

[@FediMayn]

I heard that

[@yo2trader539]

If I understand correctly, the concept of "levirate" marriage is when the older brother dies, the younger brother (who becomes the head of the family) is responsible for providing for his older's brother wives and children. It was common practice for early nomadic tribes, apparently.

[@hmong_keeb_kwm]

XiongNu people are descendent of King Jia. King Jia was the last King of the Xia Dynasty. The XiongNu people live on the lower yellow river during the Xia Dynasty. During the Xia Dynasty the XiongNu went by a different name call the Mong people for living on the Mong Shuang surrounding Mong Mountains that lays on both side of the lower Yellow River. The Mong people will later become known as the Mong Guo people later. King Jia is descendent of king Zhuanxu that lead these people to the Mong Shuang in the first place. King Zhuanxu is the Grandson of King Huangdi the Yellow Emperor himself that defeated Emperor ChiYou and took full control of the lower Yellow river for his people to live on. XiongNu was simply the Yellow Emperor people. They went by the original name of Mong then later Mong Guo. When General Tang Army defeated the Mong Guo and push the Mong Guo and King Jia out to go up north and destory the Xia Dynasty. King Jia lead his Mong Guo people up north and became nomadic people up north. The word Mong Guo itself is just a word of United. Mong Guo is a coalition of Clans that swear of blood to defend the Mong Shuang and Mong Mountains of the Yellow river of their ancestor that had live in the area for hundreds of years starting from Emperor Huangdi Himself. Emperor HuangDi was from the YouXiong Tribe... XiongNu was just a clan with in the Mong Guo coalition party.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Xiongnu is Turkic not Sinitic

[@Trapper1]

The flag of Chuvashia is yellow. The Huns are alive! Come to any Chuvash village and talk to the residents and you will see everything for yourself. True, they don’t know about it, that they are descendants of the Xiongnu(.

[@baconsans431]

Xiognu are proto-Mongols. We, Mongolians, call them Hunnu. And the Huns are their descendants. ‘A genetic study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics in July 2003 examined the remains of 62 individuals buried between the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD at the Xiongnu necropolis at Egyin Gol in northern Mongolia.[137] The examined individuals were found to be primarily of Asian ancestry.[138] A genetic study published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology in October 2006 detected significant genetic continuity between the examined individuals at Egyin Gol and modern Mongols.[139]’

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Xiongnus were Turks and mongols didn’t existed at that time kiddo🤣🤣🤣 Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38 0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian 0.06925119 Uzbek 0.07192976 Bashkir 0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07777367 Uygur 0.08059425 Hazara 0.08332238 Nogai 0.09622928 Karakalpak 0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.10606315 Tubalar 0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.11764581 Turkmen 0.12223570 Kazakh 0.12239900 Shor_Mountain 0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest 0.12563648 Shor 0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia 0.13202128 Tlingit 0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka 0.14369369 Udmurt 0.14459824 Khakass 0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe 0.14503753 Bahun 0.14774430 Mansi 0.14886521 Besermyan

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as either proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 • "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The dominant nomad people in the Mongolian steppe in the 7th century, the Tujue, were identified with the Turks and claimed to be descended from the Xiongnu. A number of Xiongnu customs do suggest Turkish affinity, which has led some historians to suggest that the western Xiongnu may have been the ancestors of the European Turks of later centuries. www.britannica.com/topic/Xiongnu Their ethnical affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the Turki stock, as were the Huns, their later western representatives. They are the first Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese. en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Hiung-nu Including Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Shiratori Kurakichi, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain and Omeljan Pritsak, believe it was a Turkic language. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ The earliest references to peoples that are presumed to be Turkic date to the era of the Xiongnu (2nd century BC), well before the appearance of the Türks proper (mid-6th century AD). www.college-de-france.fr/site/gilles-veinstein/The-Question-of-Turk-Origins__1.htm Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914: • "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries." The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[23][24][25][26][27] The Hun hordes of Attila, who invaded and conquered much of Europe in the 5th century, may have been Turkic and descendants of the Xiongnu.[21][28][29] en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey The earliest separate Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu confederation about 200 BCE[70] (contemporaneous with the Chinese Han Dynasty).[71] It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[72][73][74][75][76] The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples From this a some scholars hold that the Xiongnu had a script similar to Eurasian runiform and this alphabet itself served as the basis for the ancient Turkic writing.[127]

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

*Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hunnic_Empire Even the language spoken by the Huns is in dispute, though most experts believe they were of Turkish speech. www.britannica.com/place/the-Steppe/New-barbarian-incursions Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesEurope/BarbarianHuns01.htm The roots of anti-Turkism can be traced back to the arrival of the Huns in Europe.[10] While the ethnic background of the Huns is a matter of dispute among historians, they are widely believed to have been of Turkic origin,[11] and their invasion inspired fear among Europeans. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Turkism A member of a nomadic tribe, the Huns, most likely of Turkic origin, which invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia. en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hun Learning and teaching of Hun’s history, as part of the Turkic world has a great theoretical and practical significance in university education. Huns belonged to the Turkic-speaking tribes. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042813029820/pdf?md5=847f9260d999ae4caaf591a81d60972e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877042813029820-main.pdf&_valck=1 The Huns, who, later on, bore the name of 'Turks,' natives of a country situated on the. crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3333/1/Modi_History%20of%20the%20Huns.pdf Huns (Οὐ̑ννοι), an Asian (possibly Turkic) people that appears in Roman sources beginning with Ammianus Marcellinus; it is generally accepted ... www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001/acref-9780195046526-e-2370 They are thought to be a Turkic people descended from the Xiongnu tribes, who first appeared as a tribal confederation on the northern frontier of China in the late third century BC. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hunnic-empire Hepthalites(White Huns,Abdelai,Hayatila,Hua) Inner Asian 'Hunnic' group (or rather dynasty), perhaps of Turkic origin. www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-2200 During the mid-fifth century, mass southward migration of a Turkic tribe from Central Asia known as the Hephthalites (also called Huna or White Huns) invaded Sassanian lands and created a new kingdom (or khanate) that centered on Afghanistan. www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh02-09enl.html Caucasus as the first Turkic peoples (Avars, Bulgars, Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs) arrived. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Exile The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4CBA0E2CB74C8093EC1CA38C95067D55/S2513843X20000183a_hi.pdf/_div_class__title__Early_nomads_of_the_Eastern_Steppe_and_their_tentative_connections_in_the_West__div_.pdf Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ Turkic Speaking Huns books.google.com.tr/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&pg=PA6&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjO4tibh5HpAhWKw6YKHaKtA_UQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=&f=false (Oxford University Press) Compare Chinese tu-kin, recorded from c. 177 B.C.E. as the name of a people living south of the Altai Mountains (identified by some with the Huns). www.etymonline.com/word/turk Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72). About 370 A . D . the Germanic - speaking Goths , who had originated in Scandinavia , were driven to the west by the largely Turkic - speaking Huns from the east .[1] *1-The Encyclopedia Americana www.thefreedictionary.com/Hun www.etymonline.com/search?q=hun projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/huri/files/vvi_n4_dec1982.pdf scourgeofgodblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/the-huns-hyun-jin-kim.pdf abload.de/img/123copy43kp9.png?fbclid=IwAR00r6fZsB8cUvgZDRslbcfDAawDgjii6td8_8HXaQnCHbWjGfXzOE5pvKI The steppes north of the Black Sea were under the control of nomads, Huns, and Bulgars, primarily Turkic-speaking although with an Ugric minority. The troops were barbarian foederati of Germanic, Turkic ( Huns and Bulgars ), and, perhaps, Slavic origins. www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Huns+and+Bulgars&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Byzantine writers themselves on the produce of their flocks , and live called the Huns Turks . It is now amongst historunder tents of felt . *William Darby* Whereas the Whereas the Hunas from about 450 were Turkic in language. sai.columbia.edu/files/sai/content/Ahmed%20-%20Trautmann%2C%20Ch.%209%20Turks%20and%20Mughals-1_0.pdf

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Huns are not even %5 mongolic🤣🤣🤣 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA80 0.05533515 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.05990198 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.06118980 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.06465388 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.06518414 Bashkir:BAS-046 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA74 0.04317297 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.04340329 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.04508405 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.04571997 Bashkir:BAS-005 0.04634817 Bashkir:bashkir3 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA73 0.04519389 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.04615025 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.04817514 Bashkir:BAS-046 0.04964376 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.05188906 Bashkir:BAS-006 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA72 0.04298365 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.05147676 Bashkir:bashkir9 0.05193652 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.05398420 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.05418873 Bashkir:BAS-096 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA69 0.06131625 Uzbek:495_R02C02 0.06246982 Turkmen:TUR013 0.06295519 Bashkir:bashkir9 0.06305724 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.06540455 Uzbek:495_R01C01 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA66 0.04941760 Tatar_Siberian:STA-112 0.04992166 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.05030198 Bashkir:BAS-005 0.05069029 Bashkir:BAS-046 0.05109507 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA65 0.06441883 Bashkir:bashkir8 0.06454222 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.06584960 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.06666736 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.06779641 Nogai:NOG-125 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA54 0.04048207 Bashkir:BAS-005 0.04305749 Bashkir:bashkir3 0.04403622 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.04726006 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.04823834 Bashkir:bashkir8 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA52 0.05372036 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.05740290 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.05805683 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.06147907 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.06291138 Tatar_Siberian:STA-112

[@unifieddynasty]

"They married their moms" 😐

[@unifieddynasty]

@Stanley Dougé Yeah that makes sense. There may be an element of truth to it. I know it was historically customary for a widow to marry the deceased husband's brother. This didn't typically involve a romantic relationship, but rather worked as a means of supporting the woman, who was historically not allowed to go out to work. Maybe this is similar.

[@mengmeiliu6488]

to our knowledge, the princesses we married to their kings did maried to the kings's sons after the kings died

[@ungeimpfterrusslandtroll7155]

@Stanley Dougé Yeah of course, it's much more like the thing's certain people don't like to hear they started to call propaganda. It's the same later with the viking's, all the ugly thing's are called Christian propaganda. Muslims do the same ...

[@zeflute4586]

They might married their father's cocubines for real, which I think is the origin meaning. It has been recorded that the first emperor of Western Xia Dynasty (Xianbei ethnic, northwest China),Yuan Hao (or Tuoba Hao) , really married his mother, imagine they put it onto pornhub... Xianbei had quite a close connection with Huns.

[@Hunnic_Enjoyer]

Based Turkic Ancestors 🐺🦅