Armies and Tactics: Philip II and Macedonian Phalanx

Previously we have covered the evolution of the Greek Armies prior to the rise of Macedon (goo.gl/UpuKku), but the military of Hellenistic World became really dominant with the reforms of Philip II. Surrounded by the enemies, he used what he learned from Epaminondas, Pelopidas, and Iphicrates, to reform his armies and created one of the most dominant units of the antiquity - the Macedonian phalanx. In this video, we will discuss how the pezhetairoi were trained, what were their panoply and the combat role and much more.
Check out this playlist to learn more about the warfare of the Ancient Greek States: goo.gl/UpuKku
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/15...
The video was made by our friend Cogito, another animator Benjin Pratt created some of the assets used in this video, while the research was done by a historian Tristan Hughes (turningpointsoftheancientworld....
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
Machinimas for the video made on the Total War: Rome 2 Engine by Malay Archer ( / mathemedicupdates )
✔ Merch store ► teespring.com/stores/kingsand...
✔ Patreon ► / kingsandgenerals
✔ PayPal ► paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
✔ Twitch ► / nurrrik_phoenix
✔ Twitter ► / kingsgenerals
✔ Facebook ► / kingsgenerals
✔ Instagram ► / kings_generals
Sources:
Anson, E. M., ‘The Hypaspists: Macedonia’s Professional Citizen-Soldiers’ (1985).
Historia, Vol. 34 (2), 246-248.
Bosworth, A. B, (1988), Conquest and Empire: the reign of Alexander the Great, Cambridge.
Erskine, A, ‘The Pezhetairoi of Philip II and Alexander III’ (1989). Historia, Vol. 38 (4), 385-394.
Hammond, N. G. L., (1994), Philip of Macedon, London.
Heckel, W. ‘The Three Thousand: Alexander’s Infantry Guard’ (2013).
The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World.
Milns, R. D. ‘Philip II and the Hypaspists’ (1967).
Historia, vol. 16 (4), 509-512.
Worthington, I. (2008), Philip II of Macedonia, New Haven.
Worthington, I. (2014), By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire, New York.
Wrightson, G, ‘The Nature of Command in the Macedonian Sarissa Phalanx’ (2010).
History, Political Science, Philosophy and Religion Faculty Publications. 11.
Inspired by: BazBattles, Invicta (THFE), Epic History TV, Historia Civilis and Time Commanders
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used:
#Documentary #Alexander #Philip

[@raphaelkhan1668]

"How do I beat these men with long pointy sticks?" "LONGER POINTIER STICKS!"

[@oddish2253]

no, big shield and short pointy stick.

[@yoruichixx6951]

@@oddish2253 no, small shield big pointy stick

[@boiboiboi1419]

How do i beat these tank with long range guns? A LONGER RANGE GUNS - british RAF

[@lazarjovanovic4388]

@@shafqatishan437 are u a muslim?

[@lazarjovanovic4388]

@@shafqatishan437 because of your name

[@rafaelsocarras1128]

You don't hear nearly as much about Phillip as you do Alexander, yet he laid the groundwork for everything Alexander would later accomplish. Great video!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much! :-)

[@thatguy6919]

Thats because he took 20 years to conquer his kingdom, while Alexander reconquered it in one to two years then actually delivered on his campaign east, although in all likely hood Alexander killed Phillip before he could accomplish this

[@rafaelsocarras1128]

Took him two years because he had substantially less to reconquer than Phillip, who united all of Greece beforehand :). The ancient sources are also pretty clear about the motivations behind the assassination, and I haven't seen one that points to Alexander as the culprit.

[@worsethanjoerogan8061]

Rafael Socarras I was going to say one reason Alexander subdued Greece so quickly is he inherited a strong, experienced army and weakened enemies thanks to Phillip. Greek cities were subdued after Chaeronea and the Thracian and Illyrian tribes had no answer to the reformed military.

[@user-ch7wn5fk8d]

But remember Phillip started from scratch,Alexander was borned into the Great Kingdom that Phillip had created.

[@vinodvarghese78]

Alexander was fortunate to have a father like Philip because he inherited a well equipped, well trained and ready for action army.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Indeed! That gave him victory and allowed to start his conquests right away.

[@Bullet-Tooth-Tony-]

An army that was combat experienced too

[@hardcoredoom5892]

Phillip didn’t even want Alexander to succeed him as king. Alexander’s mom had to have Phillip assassinated just so Alexander could become king (purportedly). He was more fortunate to have his mother than his father. If you thought Phillip was tough, boy, you have no idea. Phillip was afraid of Alexander’s mom.

[@dzakysastra]

@@hardcoredoom5892 nah, Olympias was exiled to Athens and then she knew if she does nothing she'll be killed. It was the way of medieval, kill or be killed.

[@SMiki55]

@@hardcoredoom5892 Alexander would be nothing without Philip's army, regardless of what his mother had done.

[@OmanshuThapliyal]

List of Men with the pointiest sticks: 1. Philip of Macedon.

[@KingsandGenerals]

I loved those lists in Civ. :-)

[@counterkidnapping1737]

Lol

[@counterkidnapping1737]

Who's number 2?

[@shizukajoestar614]

You mean Philip II of Macedon Traits: -Smart king -Makes the boys train -Trains them the skill "Phalanx" -Best King of Macedon😎

[@BatCostumeGuy]

@@shizukajoestar614 That would Alexandre my friend.

[@CogitoEdu]

I am in awe at the size of that Sarissa. Absolute unit!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Still inferior to my ego.

[@ICCraider]

You can pretty much say it was the ancient equivalent of the medieval crossbow or the early modern period musket. Which made regular peasants into killing machines. Also the Han and Tang dynasty crossbowmen would blow your mind.

[@talknight2]

Yep. And nowaydays you can round up a bunch of random 18 year old dudes, hand out some guns and in about 2 days of intense practice have them sniping targets at 50 yards.

[@danielmorris6584]

Tal Sheynkman. 2 days? Less than 2 hours to "snipe" 50 yards. That's nothing.

[@ericconnor8251]

Babe, just wait until you see the size...of my sarissa.

[@apostolispouliakis7401]

dekas is Greek for ten, lochoi means battlaions, taxeis means class , lochagos means battalion commander, syntagma means co-unit, seimeoforos means flagbearer, hyperetes means(technically) slave or servant.(for anyone intrested)

[@tr1stan007]

Awesome, thanks for this!

[@dojio0749]

ouragos=someone that is in the back /follows other in front of him

[@apostolispouliakis7401]

i think it could be used for regiment cause battalion and regiment can be mistaken for one another.

[@user-wr7fc3db9w]

the last one.

[@josuegraao5750]

Thanks to you, I just found out that the portuguese word for traffic light comes from greek. It's "semáforo". The seimeoforos gave signals to the soldiers, and the semáforo give signals to the drivers. Makes perfect sense! Thanks for the mini greek class. Even made me research the etimology of the word and learn more.

[@thezeitos469]

"If we long pokey stick, then they no hurty hurty us." "Make that man king!"

[@jhondumaop1311]

How long do you want your pike? Philip : Y E S

[@tr1stan007]

Huge applause for Cogito who made these awesome animations! Any questions send them my way!

[@edwardkenway9225]

Lol

[@tr1stan007]

Babies come from the Macedonian Phalanx. This is the truth.

[@UpcycleElectronics]

Hi I'm Phil (not really), and I want to source tens of thousands of big sticks, several tons of weird fabrics, and some funnt half pint shields. How exactly does that happen? How do I go from I want, to I got? -Phil- What kinds of political and economic struggles underpin such an endeavor? Are we talking stuff made by the army for the army, subcontractors, foreign trade? Somebody had to be saying 'we already have pointy sticks that are 2/3rds the length you want, and you want to spend HOW MUCH TO REPLACE THEM!!! ...and you want to throw out these great full coverage shields for these guys to strap a toddlers chair-seat-joke of a tiny thing to their arm?!?' ...what's that story go like? -Jake

[@moazzimalive9578]

Which one of these was stronger thebes or sparta and if there was a third persian invasion what would it be like... please reply

[@tr1stan007]

That's a very interesting question as not much info. on this survives. Regarding the smaller shields I think Philip saw Iphicrates' reforms as a prototype to equipping his soldiers with longer spears and smaller, lighter shields. It was also much CHEAPER. It was also economically a genius move to replace the heavier body armour with a lighter cuirass and lighter shield as the new sarissa provided the wielder ample protection. Also remember that the Macedonian infantry before this mostly did not have effective weaponry or shields. For them, this small shield and long pike was a HUGE step up from what they previously equipped themselves with. And for Philip it was cost-effective to arm them this way too!. Seeing how readily available cornel wood was in Macedonia, it was easily acquirable for the everyday Macedonian. Bronze and iron was readily available too. So I do not think it would have costed Philip that much to create these new weapons en-masse - he was simply taking advantage of Macedonia's most valuable natural resources (timber, iron, bronze) and putting them to good use. I think the weapons themselves would have been made by Philip's army in a central arsenal (similar to Philip's arsenal of siege equipment in Pella), but I cannot say for certain as the evidence is not there sadly.

[@RahimullahQazi]

Better then history Channel. Their camera men are drunk.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you!

[@RahimullahQazi]

Kings and Generals you are always welcome.

[@georgegkagka1773]

I love Greek history and war tactics and the way you portrait them on your videos is just awesome. Keep up the awesome work

[@ramble_on1]

Macedonian and Greek history. They were a bit different but they definitely share the same history

[@ChronosHellas]

@@ramble_on1 same history cry about it, and as your user names implies keep rambling on with your nonsense.

[@igorivanovski1977]

Macedonians and greeks are not the same !!

[@georgegkagka1773]

@@igorivanovski1977 Coming from a Western Bulgarian with identity crisis. The ancient Macedonians could be nothing else but Greeks, their culture, names, language, Gods, customs and ancestry were all Greek, their ethnic consciousness was Greek. Modern Macedonians are still Greek, they are the ones that live in Northern Greece, you are not a Macedonian

[@cule9822]

@@georgegkagka1773tell me 1 proof 1 site 1 and only 1 proof who shows that antic macedonians spoke greek

[@lukezuzga6460]

This was very informative and well done. I really enjoyed the bit about Philip's time at his rival's court. Says so much about a kid that could have been afraid and timid but instead educated himself on their ways of battle. Learned enough to beat them in open combat! Alexander had to learn it somewhere!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, Philip built on Epaminondas, Alexander on Philip and so on.

[@rosicroix777]

Great job on the Macedonian Phalanx video, you explained it clearly & made it easy to understand how it was used, the animation went perfectly. Both history buffs & war gamers will get a lot out of it . TY, videos like this make subscribing very worthwhile. Keep up the great work .

[@KingsandGenerals]

Will do, thank you! :-)

[@valorwarrior7628]

Oh! speaking about the Phalanx formation, It also reminded me of the warring states period, the Qin, and the Han Chinese Halberdier Phalanx similar to Macedonian Phalanx formations, the only thing is the Chinese used Halberd pikes. But Pike and Shield Phalanxes were proven useless to Archer Cavalries using skirmishing hit and run tactics, they would just be mowed down by hails and rains of arrows from Cavalry archers and vulnerable to Pike wielding Lancers when they are routed.

[@KingsandGenerals]

We will eventually move to the East. :-)

[@georgerig7946]

Valor Warrior That's way Alexander used the Companion Cavalry to rout horse archers

[@angelous278leito278]

Love the tactics breakdown in this sub-series it really brings life to the main series when reviewing strategic battles, thanks for doing this!

[@jordandouglas9921]

Dude I’m loving the frequency and quality of these videos. Keep up the amazing work

[@KingsandGenerals]

We will, thank you!

[@omkarunde2040]

Wow This was the thing which revolutionized the Greek world.👍

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, Philip's reforms changed it all.

[@innosanto]

It was critical. As were the actions of Themistocles with the ships and convincing the people to vote to spend on ships instead of giving to the people as benefits. 2 critical events.

[@kenmasters2034]

I love Greek history.Its the best.

[@user-fi4by6br6k]

Khm khm Macedonian

[@zlatko6846]

Macedonian history

[@zlatko6846]

Greeks is not macedonian snd never was, they stole the history

[@sotirismakr3380]

@@zlatko6846 stop stealing history and try to make your own

[@psi1378]

@@zlatko6846 how can someone steal history you bozo!

[@bonanapi]

Are you going to make a video on the short Theban hegemony itself? I think Epaminondas and Pelopidas are hugely underrated. I absolutely love your video's!

[@bonanapi]

I see that you already made a video on the oblique order, so I should probably watch that..

[@parmenion2965]

One of the greatest kings Epaminondas he stops spartans once and for all

[@KingsandGenerals]

We covered some of it in our video on the Oblique Order, but we'll see.

[@bonanapi]

Kings and Generals Whatever you do, I will be looking forward to the next one. It is real quality content.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@arcgamer295]

Σαρισα the nuclear weapon of the Ancient Greek world ! Great video as always !!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

And, as always, we appreciate the feedback! :-)

[@MELKORBAOUGLIR]

In my opinion Sarissa is the tank and Companion Cavalry is the nuclear weapon.

[@innosanto]

It wasn't the Sarissa. It was the phallanx that was the nuclear weapon. The Sarissa was a good addition to the phalanx. Cavalry one of the important aspects to both fight and to protect the disadvantages of phallanx.somethijg Alexander did excellently. And that Macedonians against Romans did very badly and would leave phalanx without cover.

[@Lou16708]

appreciate the effort that goes into these videos it's now my favorite youtube channel, bazbattles is good too but they don't upload frequently enough

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@m.meiburger1970]

Guess when alexander fought the indian war elephants he was like *thanks for the sarissa daddy*

[@yllbardh]

if so why didn't he continued further in to india?

[@TheDutchGeneral]

His army just didn't wanna fight anymore, they had left their homes 10 years earlier and wanted to go back.

[@Bullet-Tooth-Tony-]

+Ludwin V You call 1,000 casualties heavy as opposed to the slaughter of Porus's army ( he lost 12,000 men) just for the record

[@rik73764]

Seleucus got spanked by Chandragupta Maurya in the Seleucid-Mauryan war, 3rd century BCE.

[@Bullet-Tooth-Tony-]

+RB Seleucus was no where near as brilliant as Alexander, so you've lost all credibility, if Alexander and his 50,000 veterans took on Chandragupta, he would destroy him. There was no army more powerful in the world at the time than the 50,000 battle hardened Macedonians under Alexander that had been winning battles for 8 years and conquered half the known world.

[@gianlucaborg195]

This video is much better than anything that National Geographic and/or the History Channel had to offer at their best.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much! Both Cogito and Tristan Hughes did a great job on that. :-)

[@spartankongcountry6799]

You had me hooked throughout the whole video. Fantastic commentary and insight! Definitely enjoyed learning about the macedonians!

[@leap4203]

Proud to be greek and live in makedonia and great video bro

[@prcp4328]

If you are proud as a Greek, imagine how proud we Macedonians are :D

[@leap4203]

@@prcp4328 give me 2 facts that prove that you are related to ancient makedonias

[@prcp4328]

@@leap4203 When the Slavs came here, did they eat the Macedonians or did they melt with them?

[@leap4203]

@@prcp4328 they lived in the northern borders of the byzantine empire as a threat your country is basically Bulgaria if you chech ancient makedonias writing is the same with the spartan bcs they were doric greek and you say they blend in that doesn't make them makedonias there isn't 1 man or woman in this planet that is 100% 1 ethnicity that doesn't make them greek Italian or anything else if I am 2%german it doesn't matter I speak greek like my ancestors and we know in fact that ancient makedonias spoke doric greek worshipped greek gods a d even participated in the Olympics something that only greek could moreover Aristotle that all know him as a greek philosopher is from makedonia from stagira a village near olinthos so your point about slavs that came in 6th century 900 years after the makedonian empire is just nonsense

[@prcp4328]

@@leap4203 Now we write in English, are we Englishmans? I do not see any danger from any country and if you are so confident in yourself, do not persecute Macedonians, Turks and Albanians. When they get their rights in the occupied territories, you will not have a majority in your country. Time will tell. Remember my words

[@salgarcia8021]

Only notification I have on from KZbin. Which says A lot. If you tube gave awards for time watching youtube I would get a 🌟

[@KingsandGenerals]

The alarm bell, people, press it. :-)

[@vazak11]

Quality content as always, this gives me such a clear vision of ancient warfare.

[@mdgarciasa]

this channel keeps getting better and better... keep up the good work!!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much! :-)

[@rasaecnai]

literally for the phalanx men, "if we stay together, we survive" reference to the Gladiator movie.

[@Manos_Plakias]

As always another great video!!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much!

[@blakerobson9312]

this channel is just so amazing, its tax time down here in Australia so as soon as all of mine is wrapped up, i think i owe it to you guys to become a patron

[@KingsandGenerals]

We appreciate the thought. It is not and will never we mandatory, but every little bit helps.

[@mojungle3054]

I love these ancient loadout videos. Please make more!

[@basvanderhorst9633]

Amazing video! Good job, again!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Appreciate the support, good sir! :-)

[@grahamcochran5400]

For me Phillip's reforms had the biggest impact on the other divisions of the army. The center phalanx was extremely important, but during and after both Philip and Alexander's reign it was bested by its contemporary Greek counterparts until it was saved by other divisions of the army separate to it (Battle of Chaeronea, Battle of Issus, Battle of Sellassia). I hope yall do a video over the improvement of the calvary and light troops of the Macedonians, and those reforms for me helped them the most in the flexibility needed to support a pike phalanx.

[@gianlucaborg195]

There is no word that can illustrate how awesome this was to watch! Keep it up (I also love the Phalanx)

[@KingsandGenerals]

There will be much more within this series. :-)

[@kenis77]

Your videos are so good man. Very interesting and well made!!

[@tancreddehauteville9983]

Love the new intro and video keep on shining guys🤗👍

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks, we will!

[@greekemperor9677]

What an amazing performance!! Historically accurate and entertaining!! It makes every Greek Proud!! Thank you!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you for watching :)

[@tonyalb3863]

GreekEmperor pfffff Todays so called "Greeks" have nothing in common with old ancient Pelasgians ! Your so called modern "greek" language is completely different language from the original Pelasgian language

[@tonyalb3863]

Ilija Stojanoski Shut up You SLAVIC shit ! Go back to Russia you fake Where is your old Macedonian Language ! Ohh almost forgot that you are Slav Shit That speaks Slavic Language and has a Slavic Name and Last name

[@mareksagrak9527]

@@tonyalb3863 It is scientifically proven (by thorough examination of toponyms) that before the Hellenes arrived to Hellada and created the Mycenean culture, Greece was inhabited by two populations: an unknown indoeuropean Anatolian tribe, probably akin to Hettites or Luvians, and some continuators of pre-indoeuropean neolithic farmers. Though both these populations spoke of course languages different than Greek, a lot of their vocabulary transferred into ancient Greek language. Keep in mind that names like Pelasgians, Lelegians were mentioned for the first time in Homer (a lot of centuries after the arrival of Greeks) and therefore they seem to be rather an invention, a way to express some distant, nearly mythical memories of not being indigenous to the land, rather than names representing some truly existing prehistoric tribes. Of course these 'Pelasgians' were just a minor prehistoric tribe without any historical importance and had nothing in common with Albanians, who hadn't appeared in Greece sooner than approximately 1200 CE when they started to invade Acarnania and Thessaly and in 1400 CE when they were invited by Catalonians to colonise almost depopulated Attica and by Venetians to protect the Peloponesian fortresses.

[@theprogenitor951]

Keep up the great work!!! You don't find content like this anywhere on KZbin.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much, planning to! :-)

[@craigminchin593]

Really thorough research and interesting presentation.

[@demetriusstiakkogiannakes1326]

There is a difference between a kingdom and a city state. Macedon was a kingdom including several states in the region of Macedon(Northern Greece) and all of them were Hellenic. In Ancient Greece Hellenic kingdoms and city states including others like the kingdom of Epirus(which is rarely mentioned) looked each other with hostility and waged war for different reasons but they were all Greek and based themselves into things that will be later classified as Greek by the people of Latium.This is what modern wannabe Macedonian Slavs do not understand and use it as an excuse to prove that Alexander wasn't Hellenic.

[@argoshellas6717]

@Voskresija Glavin Voskresia... in Greece people still have their ancient names, unlike in your country that you are fully Slavic and with slavic names. Macedon was a part of the Hellenic world, just like Epirus was. If was independent, then why did they talked and spread the Hellenistic civilization through the EAST, instead of your "imagined Macedonian" independent culture? I will never call my self a "Hellenic" if you tell me a proof that the people of Macedon used different language and religion than other Greeks. Even the Illyrians had their own unique language and religion, but you say you are independent "Macedonian", ok , let it be as you say, but give a real proof. Every Hellenic region had something unique, but above everything they were Hellenic tribes.

[@puppetmasterk2]

Your form of falsely uniting different ethnicities like the macedonians and the grekos is not working. Its funny "modern grekos" celebrating our macedonian kings who destroyed ancient grekos in the past. Well anyway glory to Macedonia !!☀️🇲🇰

[@greekmacedonianpunisher]

@@puppetmasterk2 You are dreaming slav from NORTH of Macedonia.

[@fliksn]

@@puppetmasterk2 dude alexander is greek northmacedonian was founded by greeks and all those kings are probably greeks in acient times

[@ramble_on1]

Wgat you’re referring to was 2300 years ago… therefore todays Macedonians and Greeks have only the territory in connection with that time. Prople wise much have changed… you’re as Slavic as any other Macedonian

[@user-cn2hy8jw1e]

GREEK HISTORY!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

With more on the way.

[@pasal99]

@Ilija Stojanoski that's a propaganda tito made in order to occupy thesaly and Macedonia greek regions . You are slavs and you came to Balkans top years after the fall of Macedonian empire . Also macedon is a ancient greek word (μακεδνος means the tall man or the man that lives in the mountains.)

[@tatjanavelkova5814]

MAKEDONIJA ---- 25 CENTURIES IN SOUTH EVROPA ! ! ! ! !

[@thebestofhockey8684]

Great video Kings and Generals! I love the intro!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you!

[@Kwak444]

Interesting stuff. Subscribed!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Welcome aboard!

[@abdulbahajaj4591]

Good job. There are many channels that talk about how genius generals are but no one really talks about how the army came to existence or who formed it and how. Please make more videos like this. Perhaps talk about the romans, persians, arabs, mongols, etc? Thanks.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yes, we will try to cover all of them.

[@moritztabor7804]

Thanks so much for your work. Greetings from germany

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you for watching :)

[@silverarrow390]

This chanel is Epic. I was specialy happy to see some of famous Polish battles covered: Kircholm and Grunwald. Thx for this. Looking forward to see more.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you for watching :)

[@asgardplays7139]

I love these ancient maps... this is such a nice detail work :) Well done :)

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much! :-)

[@emperordemetrius3832]

Kings and Generals very nice vid! Could you do a video about the Byzantine armies during the time of Basil II?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks! This series will move through the XX century, so the Byzantine armies will be covered.

[@Eliphas_]

The Macedonian in 7:28 be like: “Fuck the phalanx i go yolo” He also reminds me of Pullo

[@KingsandGenerals]

Good old Pullo, we all miss hm. :-)

[@maurogigliotti1911]

So Hype, great work yet again!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@NostalgosTouRockNRoll]

Thanks for this awesome video! Keep up the great work!

[@KingsandGenerals]

We will, thank you!

[@4pplypr3ssure]

so you guys we're planning to make a series like this but it's all about 16-17th century? for me i favored that era cuase guns and sword/pike can co exist at the same time and cavalry is still op in that era

[@KingsandGenerals]

We will get there.

[@worsethanjoerogan8061]

Mr. LiLskie Yeah cavalry remained prominent until WWI. A hapless British general even attempted to use cavalry tactics against a machine gun lined trench. Shows how attached military minds were to cav warfare

[@HxH2011DRA]

*Absolute Unit*

[@KingsandGenerals]

*Total lad*

[@ReviveHF]

Until Maurice of Orange's linear tactics emerges.

[@yunghung7640]

I'm so glad you put out this video I was just thinking about it today

[@KingsandGenerals]

Glad you enjoyed it. :-)

[@Chris689200]

The only disappointing thing about this channel is that there is never any surprise: every video is great.

[@perretlaurent6665]

Good video men ! It's nice to add Iphicratès within because nobody talks about him. But the hoplon is not the shield, hoplon means weapon. For the great shield, the word is aspis. And for the sarissa, we are not sure that Philip used them in 359. It's possible but not at 100%.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you!

[@ragnarlothbrok4281]

Grey Worm should have watched this before the battle of Winterfell.

[@zriiksparks5637]

The video we’ve all been waiting for

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@KillerBPlaying]

Ohhh boyyy a new video !! Great work

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you for watching :)

[@alexandrosaristovoulos4718]

The video was as always excellent. I am writing this because it just sounds so wrong reading these combinations of letters one letter at a time and it must also be harder for you to say them like that. So here is my greek pronunciation lesson: ai, e are pronounced like the e in strength oi, ei, i are pronounced like the i in evidence ou is pronounced like the oo in look. Anyway keep up the good work :)

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@alexandrosaristovoulos4718]

Kings and Generals You are welcome :)

[@fifervonpiper6707]

Phillip II's New Innovative ideas *recruit more peasants* *give some cheaply made light armour* *make overly long pointy sticks* *teabag the enemy with his new long pointy bois*

[@innosanto]

Phillip would make opponents weaker through leading them to fight each other. Not only through fighting.

[@davidalcibar1682]

Thank you for the excellent content!

[@oooip953]

One of the best war channels along with @BazBattles on KZbin. Keep up the good work :)

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks :-) Will do our best to be the best. :-)

[@alfiansofakhair4630]

Next..... *MACEDONIAN CAVALRY*

[@KingsandGenerals]

Indeed!

[@alecsis882]

Hey guys! Great video as always. I always learn something new from your videos, and the animations are great. I wanted to ask you this question: would you consider doing a video of comparison between the greek phalanxes(?, i hope this is the right plural, correct if i am wrong) from the begining of the 2nd century BC against the roman legions? It was/is clear that the greeks had superior forces to the roman hastati and prinicipes, being matched only by the Triarii(which weren't really used), yet the genius roman generals managed to win the war with Makedon in 197 B.C.(E.) and eventually with the rest of Greece. Ok, i think i bothered you enough. Have a great day:))

[@user-cd4bx6uq1y]

And they actually did it by the time I'm writing this

[@milanTHErocker]

Gotta love your videos. Great job!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much! :-)

[@populistrevolution5197]

I love it all. The colours the pictures, is just a genius way explain

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@YOQUE2xgpxTRiu]

The famous phalanx!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Indeed. :-)

[@Filipas-el9sp]

when you see a greek word ending with "oi" that means the word is in plural form. So you have to pronounce it like the "o" never existed. So when reading the word ignore the "o". oi = i in the end of a greek word.

[@victor_rybin]

only in modern greek, in ancient languages all letters were pronounced, and historians pronounce them in the original, ancient manner

[@Filipas-el9sp]

@@victor_rybin 🤦‍♂️not even modern greeks know how letters like 'ω' were pronounced in ancient Greece. But modern greeks pronounce it exactly like 'o'.

[@Filipas-el9sp]

@@victor_rybin there is no WRITTEN rule by the ancient Greeks when it comes to the accent of the word, so it's impossible to know how they say a word

[@dukehazard6478]

Great video very insightful

[@sayandas2218]

Wonderful video from Kings and Generals

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you :-)

[@gregoralani]

WOW ita the same thing now just like then loxos-taksiarxia-sundagma ,loxagos and etc just amazing.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yeah, I like that kind of continuity!

[@KeithShuler]

Great job as always! So I'm guessing Phillip borrowed the oblique battle tactic from Thebes?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you! Yes, in a way. He took cavalry ideas from Thebes, and infantry ideas from Athens.

[@FranciscoChagas-ij4cs]

Filipo habia tenido ocasion de conocer durante su juventud, cuando residia como rehen en Tebas, la "formacion oblicua" de Epaminondas, y, una vez elevado al trono, lá introdujo en aquel ejercito configurado y concebido por el de tan distinto modo. Epaminondas habia realizado la ofensiva con sus tropas de a pie. Filipo transfiro esta funcion a su caballeria de "Heteros", mucho mejor preparada para eso. (WILCKEN, 1951,pg. 285, 286)

[@justinlabrosse8506]

Oh yeah I'm loving the tactic series

[@KingsandGenerals]

Much more on the way!

[@astonmaxx8338]

When I studied history at school, I never could understand why phalanx of Philip II and Alexander were so deadly. Now seeing this video I understood. It was like a modern tank division destroying anyone on its way. Your videos must be included in school curriculum.

[@shizukajoestar614]

Ancient Greece: *Exists* Philip II and the Kingdom of Macedonia: Its free real estate

[@manos7haros699]

Macedonia was a ancient Greece kingdom and BTW they didn't conquer all the Greek mainland

[@tatjanavelkova5814]

MAKEDONIJA EXIST 25 CENTURIES from KING FILIP . Oto german make Greece before 190 years.

[@agentofchaos2750]

Ah, yes, Philip the second of Macedon. Perhaps on of the most underappreciated characters of his time, and too often over shadowed by his son, "Alexander the Pretty Alright". Phillip''s brilliance revolutionized warfare from a centuries' old tradition and paved the way for his son to become one of the most well known conquerors in history.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Philip is a proof, that you always need to build on the shoulders of the ones who came before you. :-)

[@christermi]

When it is Thursday and K&G uploads a new video , you know that this is gonna be a good day indeed ;-)

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks :-)

[@inferno0020]

I learned a lot from your channel. Thank you!

[@thepuppelpuppel4175]

Today is a good day

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you for watching :)

[@Ash-we6be]

Long wait

[@KingsandGenerals]

Hope, it was worth it. :-)

[@Jacobo9699]

Great guys! Keep going!

[@megan1445]

I am doing Bible study on the successions of ancient kingdoms. This video was fantastic to learn, especially more on how it was actually Phillip who paved the way for Alexander.

[@emperordemetrius3832]

Well, we can safely say that Alexander and Philip were the greatest Greek leaders ever!!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

I prefer Plato or Socrates, but that is just me. :-)

[@7ultras157]

Kings and Generals I will agree with you in this one

[@thatguy6919]

Lmao you just dont know much about Greek history, theres Cimon Alcibiades, Pericles, Socrates Plato Aristotle, Thesus

[@marijamare8718]

They weren't Greek. They were Macedonian.

[@marijamare8718]

@@MrYoyoman12345 you wish lol

[@what8080]

2 things, first of all very amazing video, in absolutely impressed yet again by the hard work and dedication of the people behind this channel, this was a very well made video indeed. 2nd thing, I have a small question, you mentioned that a section of the formation would put wield their spears in a 45 degree angle yo protect them from incoming projectiles, in very curious as to how this would work as I don't exactly understand how their sarissas could possibly block arrows being thrown at them. Thank you again for your video.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much! The projectile defense wasn't foolproof, but it offered some protection.

[@ethnicity]

If you hold a colander above your head when it rains, you'll still get wet, but not nearly as wet if you didn't.

[@deathmeizter]

Awesome. Its so nice to play Total war when this guy is around

[@jasondameron815]

I really appreciate these 2 thumbs up

[@babispapoulidis957]

epirus was a greek kingdom as well

[@siou3268]

Τοο many Hellenic words... I really wonder how just a few people today, still believe Makedonians were not Greeks...

[@scotchitona5047]

Well that’s because this is the Ancient Hellenic Macedonia. Not the modern Slavic Macedonia.

[@siou3268]

@@scotchitona5047 many thanks for your clarification

[@bradenglass4753]

Because Macedonians were Greeks, not slavs. Glad to clear that up.

[@radogost1536]

modern makedonians (slavs) claim that they are the natives of the balkans, as well as slovenes, serbs and croats. its not just some extraordinary claim without evidence, a lot of experts on slavs think that too. i think its just a matter of time before the 200 year old german propaganda gets debunked.

[@siou3268]

@@radogost1536 I guess that if they accept to be Macedonians and not slavs, they have to be part of Greece. Phillip = freind of horses Alexander = The man who repel other men etc... All of the Hellenic words I think...

[@flatearthfatboy9589]

Incredible its about time someone highlighted Philip's genius, Alexander has hoarded all the credit for everything Philip did

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you! More on Philip soon.

[@lyleleek]

Really great video I loved it! 👍

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you, more on the way!

[@alexalex-si4hl]

Lochagos, salpingetes, dekades, ipiretis, taxeis. All words still used in greek. And tgere are still people saying that Macedon was not Hellenistic.

[@zanetastoimenova2813]

When Macedonian sends a person in a war he gives to him a piece from his heart, to lead him, and he is over there with him, in good and in bad. In the end, good or bad, that piece of heart will be returned to him and he is with him no matter where he is.

[@CMDRSloma]

It's a great video again. I hope sometime you're going to make a series about Winged Hussars because those were an magnificent elite cavalry units

[@KingsandGenerals]

We will. thanks for watching.

[@KHK001]

Amazing video Kings and generals! again!!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you, appreciate the feedback! :-)

[@KHK001]

i appreciate you answering it :)

[@gold_leader_g1964]

Macedonians were another ancient greek nation like sparta and athens

[@hardcoredoom5892]

gold_leader _g1: Many did not accept Macedonians as Greeks until they conquered Persia. Sorry, but Macedonians are superior to Greeks.

[@pimpforever1214]

NO WE ARE NOT!!

[@Hugh_Morris]

Macedonians were Greeks but were looked down on as backwards and barbarous for many years by the other Greek states. Those same Greek states were looked down on as backwards and barbarous by many Romans when they were conquered.

[@megan1445]

@@Blake4014 I think it was something like "oh pooh" lol

[@ValorVisionaries]

Many Greek historians and philosophers from Ancient Greece always refered to them as Greeks

[@rasaecnai]

Macedonian National Ideas Peasant Class Levy: +10% National Manpower Modifier Light Armor: +1 Land Leader Maneuver Sarissa: +10% Infantry Combat Ability Continuous Training: +1 Army Tradition per Year Macedonian Phalanx: +10% Army Morale Revolutionary Warfare System: +10 Discipline Dayum. Macedonian army was space marines of their time!

[@SamuelHallEngland]

Yay vid of the week!

[@KingsandGenerals]

More on Sunday. :-)