Reptil-o-Mammals

[@dinofreak222]

Came for the Godzilla thumbnail. Stayed for the "Mammal-like-reptile" info dump. Super under appreciated group in prehistory. Great stuff as always Aron!

[@laurentiuvladutmanea3622]

I am in the same category.

[@Theonetrueerenyeager]

Same

[@jeffnolan7392]

I come because Aaron sometimes makes me laugh in ways nobody ever has. Smart humor is the best, and as an aside, "The Ignorant" deserve disdain, mocking, and derision. If they don't like it, they can read a book WITHOUT a crucifix on the cover. Reminds me of people crying, "I'm sick of people calling me racist!" but what they won't do is stop saying racist garbage.

[@rexon31]

same lol

[@andrewolson5471]

I swear I learn more from these videos than I did in 4 years of high school science classes.

[@ClutchCargo001]

Me, too. But I care more about learning now.

[@keltar2007]

True!

[@ShadowMan-z3r]

That's because this is advanced stuff. School is really only meant to inform you of the basics to make you a well rounded individual and to make you pursue your own choice. It teaches you a little about the different sciences rather than in depth, full understanding, because that's reserves for college. School is still useful, but it could definitely teach more. I remember learning the same stuff years in a row, especially with history, and I got an A on the majority of tests relates to the world wars because I've heard so much about them through the years, and video games of course. My teacher asked me how I thought submarines shot planes out if the sky and I was like oh that's probably from a video game, they're not 100% accurate lol.

[@GizzyDillespee]

Protopossum, for 1. We only took bio in freshman year of high school (chem in soph, physics in junior, more physics in senior) but I feel like they let us down regarding phylogenetics, and I would've remembered protopossum, had they acknowledged it, no question.

[@tyemaddog]

@@andrewolson5471 haha. Not surprising given basic scientific evidences. It's not taught in many places not because religious differences, but because the claims that are not falsifiable and can change to fit itself whenever needed.

[@naomiandtommccabe]

I enjoy not only the content of these videos but your delivery also. Speaking calmly and precisely, you bring these by gone eras to life.

[@jonathanbartlett1098]

I concur

[@josephbelisle5792]

Well said.

[@kinglyzard]

Your cladistic videos are worth their weight in gold.

[@josephbelisle5792]

Bonus points for vocabulary strength. It's supercalafragilisticexpealidocious. 😂 Well done. You taught me a new word today. Thank you. Now if someone can teach me why underpants gnomes aren't real. If I could only cladistically place them in one taxonomy or another.

[@paulwalsh2344]

Agree 100% ! The “Systematic Classification of Life” series and other videos like this are my ace up my sleeve everytime anybody asks, in good faith or bad, “Well how do you know what you think you know ?” It just demolishes every feeble argument against evolution.

[@gornser]

I'd say they are worth Aron's weight in gold.

[@Selene-ex1jz]

Still absolutely love all of these evolution videos. Absolutely fantastic.

[@RenaMoonn]

I’ve been watching them since curiosity pulled me out of creationism. That was more than four years ago, but still hella impactful

[@latheofheaven1017]

Big fan of your Systematic Classification of Life series, Aron. Particularly this whole sequence of added traits being acquired over 100 million years. I'm glad I've lived in this time, where we've figured this out, and also the relationship between mesozoic dinosaurs and birds.

[@AndrewPriscott-pd1zv]

Aron is to Creationism as Godzilla is to downtown Tokoyo.

[@TedLJones]

Don't they defeat Godzilla in the end, though?

[@AndrewPriscott-pd1zv]

@TedLJones Nah ! the BIG G is always back for the next one.

[@TedLJones]

@@AndrewPriscott-pd1zv hell yeah 😎

[@JohnnyDay-hr1fj]

​@@TedLJones. It's funny that they always use the same failed tactics against godzilla every time.

[@theangrysuchomimus5163]

@@TedLJones Besides shin and 1998, I don't think the humans ever kill godzilla

[@rexbettencourt3800]

WOW! Now I understand why creationists prefer, "God did it"... waaaaaay too much to learn and understand from evolution,, which BTW, is the best part.

[@glyrr]

Are you daft? I just learned that I am descended from Godzilla! I feel cheated though, I want to be taller.

[@goldenknight578]

@@glyrr Taller, sure, but maybe without the bad breath.😂

[@turkoositerapsidi]

I prefer therapsids and Permian period, but maybe God did make evolution.

[@tyemaddog]

@@rexbettencourt3800 no but it's not. And not one over the other. It's not taught in many places not because of religious differences either.

[@deeccummings7481]

It is always a good day when a new Aron Ra science video drops. Endlessly fascinating and enlightening.

[@Rhewin]

Really wish these videos had been around back in high school when I had a young earth creationist coach teaching biology.

[@Mim39034]

When I saw the thumbnail I thought you were going head to head in a debate with Godzilla 😂 I adore all animals and love learning more about them. Thanks for the lesson, Aron. You'd make a great teacher.

[@aaronbredon2948]

I love your phylogenetic videos. They show just how rich evolutionary history is.

[@mdug7224]

Thanks. (I've given up on ark calculations on the grounds of extra absurdity.) These presentations are awesome. And happy new year of the snake.

[@hob991]

As a 73 year old atheist who's poor parents were working hard to bring up 5 children without going to church I was not sent to sunday school but rather was left to my own devices. Leaving school barely 15 years old I started work to help pay my way . Such was England in the 1950's and 60's I thank you for the countless informative video's giving me the education I missed all those years ago and confirming what as I suspected in my early youth ...........there NEVER was a god . Thank you so much. $12 donated via paypal to help free the world from a false god. N

[@doneestoner9945]

Happy New Year

[@paulwalsh2344]

Well… even if you were in school you may not have had as good a teacher as AronRa.

[@GizzyDillespee]

It's possible there was a god even before the paleozoic, but it didn't leave enough fossilized coprolite before the invention of writing... The earliest evidence for god shows that it probably evolved from dead ancestors. It's difficult to distinguish between the 2 in the fossil record. Do the anthropomorphic sticks represent gods, ancestors, shamen, or are they beating sticks, or stylized dildos, or some combination thereof?

[@tyemaddog]

@@hob991 or your concept of a creator god is wrong.

[@hob991]

@@tyemaddog No, there is absolutely NO evidence for any creator if you have proof I'm sure we would all like to hear it !!

[@afaegfsgsdef]

Being able to breathe while eating is awesome. Highly recommended.

[@jcdenton4534]

Plz give how to I am choking🙏

[@hibernopithecus7500]

Stop talking with your mouth full!!!! 😜

[@GizzyDillespee]

Ever since Martha Stewart showed us the healthier way to eat Thanksgiving dinner, I've had no issues with eating and breathing at the same time. And, I can clear the room with a burp.

[@Kevinmc-j7l]

It is interesting to know dimetrodon was not a dinosaur or even a reptile.

[@TheMdll61]

Thank you Aaron,the best person to hang around in the end of this year! Happy New Year, To you and your family!

[@aidanmusumeci8429]

Who else came here to hear Aron talking about Godzilla if only for a minute? I'll admit to it.

[@unholycheeseburger]

Absolutely!

[@Fletch.]

For anyone interested, the animal shown at 3:27 is called Gephyrostegus bohemicus of modern day Czech Republic. It was a genus of Late Carboniferous reptiliomorph amphibian, and is placed within the family Gephyrostegidae, alongside Eusauropleura digitata of Linton, Ohio, and Bruktererpeton fiebigi of Germany.

[@kngnadasswgohvideos1485]

Thanks!

[@rhoff523]

In memorium Tomas Dorney July 8, 1963 - November 13, 2024. You knew him Aron. He admired your work, as do I. He was a singularly incredible and kind man. My dearest friend since 1976 and whom I miss and sorrow for mine own and others great loss. Ronald aka Runeglom.

[@Urzalyr]

Fun smart stuff. Love sharing these with my kids. Thank you for your ongoing good work, sir!

[@foppishdilletaunt9911]

You were born for pedagogy, Mr Ra. I hope that you and your family, friends and companion organisms all have a lovely New Year. Thanks for all the information contained in your (ahem) content.

[@Rog5446]

Learned more here in half an hour than I did in years of school.

[@Nhosto]

Hi Aron, I just wanted to say that I love these phylogeny videos. Spreading knowledge is one of the best things that a man can do. Keep up the good work.

[@thegreatpigeon8999]

These kinds of vidoes are very usefull for a world buidling project i'm working on right now. Thank you so much for making them Aron 💜

[@RevilHermes]

It's amazing, I'm always mind blowned by how many traits we still keep just adapted to different environments.

[@alexcummins589]

I can easily tell you how I'd feel during the pride of the Permian. Absolutely terrified xD

[@kylemoore7746]

Have a happy and safe New Year, Aron. Thanks for all the educational videos and promoting the sciences!

[@MilesDavisKDAB]

The best aspect of these videos is the way they show how creationists misrepresent the evolution of life on Earth. The number of creationists, & even people who dropped biology early in high school, who still wrongly think evolution follows the sequence fish>amphibian>reptile>birds>mammals is alarming. Thank you for making these videos even though very few creationists will actually watch them.

[@goldenknight578]

More often than not it's even worse because they keep thinking going from fish to amphibian means a guppy giving birth to a frog. Of course, the likes of Kent Hovind try to go further by skipping over intermediate steps and expecting the guppy to give birth to a fully formed elephant (or jump the line entirely by expecting a pine cone).

[@Boddah.]

Love these videos Aron. Thank you.

[@TheReaverOfDarkness]

According to your lineage in this video, crocodilians are descended from hard-shell egg ancestors. I had to look this up. I had thought that crocodilians lay either soft shell eggs or live young, but it turns out they actually lay hard shell eggs.

[@corruptclaw839]

Synapsids are one of my favorite clades alongside Dinosauria, as both clades gave us the most diverse and most dominant groups of the Cenozoic… the Birds(Dinosauria), and the Mammals(Synapsida). Great video!!

[@anklebitr79]

The music at the end is icing on the cake! I love these godzilla mammals!

[@carguybikeguy]

I love your channel, AaronRa! Good what-should-be common sense scientific knowledge with badass music.

[@GodlessGranny]

Thank you for this. I've been asked by creationists how sexual reproduction could evolve. I've seen John Perry's video on the topic, but he only tells the beginning, not how sex evolved.

[@d.o.m.494]

I wish I had videos like this when I was in school back in the 80s.

[@goldenknight578]

To be fair, many of the fossils we have now weren't discovered until after the 80s. I'm still amazed by how much was still unknown back when we were in school compared to now.

[@d.o.m.494]

@goldenknight578 it's how he presents the information.

[@goldenknight578]

@@d.o.m.494 That definitely helps.

[@jooseppib1082]

This is so seriously interesting and the timescale just blows your mind

[@charlesgelm2378]

Thanks! I've always enjoyed your videos. In this one, at about the 5:00 mark, you said that birds are still reptiles. Did you mean to say dinosaurs?

[@AronRa]

If “reptile” means sauropods and all their descendants, the dinosaurs are still reptiles.

[@Phatbiker1]

I always thought dinosaurs have a lot more in common with birds than they do with lizards. Good video.

[@fartingduck5316]

"so that's how that started" lmfao... HNY

[@Cereal.interface]

can confirm its wet in there and that helps

[@tianikane3312]

@@Cereal.interface 🤣🤣🤣

[@InSurrealtime]

I have recommended your videos so many times now and I've never heard back from any doubters, so I guess they learned something.

[@paulwalsh2344]

I have recommended these videos too and never heard back either. But that’s because they didn’t watch them. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. You can also lead a man to knowledge, but you can’t make him think.

[@melstormnobles]

I love the Cenozoic era 😂 "and so I strapped big honking fangs into my mouth before I went out, which was the style at the time" - Grandpa Simpson probably

[@paulwalsh2344]

I can’t thank you enough AronRa for this video ! It left me in utter awe at the exquisite mechanics of evolution. And now I only want to watch a couple of Cosmos episodes and dream of galaxies and nucleosynthesis and abiogenesis… because I want the whole rest of this miserable fucking year to be as good as this video made me feel.

[@StarchildMagic]

I have wondered for years how warm-bloodedness came about. I've asked in a few different places but never got an answer that made any sense to me. Yours makes perfect sense. Thank you for the video!

[@iandawe948]

Being that ive not long turned 62yrs young. I have just learnt more in 30mins than i ever did at school.

[@zatoichiMiyamoto]

Clint's Reptiles and this channel have open my eyes to taxonomy drawbacks.

[@johngavin1175]

Clint is awesome.

[@RenaMoonn]

@@johngavin1175agreed

[@AP-pk6mk]

Awesome stuff. I have been fascinated lately by fictional characters in this in between spot of reptile to mammal (kaijus like Godzilla, beta tested Pokemon like karabagio, the actual pokemon Blastoise, and the DC character Kilowog) and also the gargate species and Gargoyles in the Disney show Gargoyles (many fans of which are biologists who make speculation about the titular characters' evolution). So learning about the real science is fun. I always liked biology and genetics growing up despite choosing physics as a career. Cheers!

[@josephbelisle5792]

Great video. And I apoligize for gushing..... each one of your videos endears me more and more to you. You have a great mind that you have spent an incredible amount of your life creating. Its impressive. And you have great hair. I can tell you spend lots of time on it as well. Thank you for all your dedication to improving the human condition and trying to get humanity's detractors to stop their BS. Well done.

[@michailSchredd]

Just like wow informative it's so dang understandable whenever AronRa speaks, it's volumes

[@georgeponiris9525]

Mate, vertebrate zoology was my area of study at university. I'm grateful that you still give me that thrill of learning new things. Thank you so much

[@artebirklaus]

Thank you so much for another wonderful educational video. I am looking forward to the next part in the series, which you teased, and I appreciate your hard work on these. I know you often say that these are the most labour-intense videos to create, so know that they are treasured (and often rewatched).

[@azkaria9881]

This man deserves more views REEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE!

[@tammyburton8289]

❤yay new Aron Ra content 🎉now I'll get back to the show 👍ty Aron now that was fun 😊

[@noone3216]

Well well well.. look who it is.. 😏

[@lanceash]

That diapsid skull illustration is beautiful.

[@whatabouttheearth]

7,600th! Aron Ra fire side chats on dead ancestors.

[@martinurbani]

Godzilla is king,period. Have a good start to the new year,Aron!

[@grecibelhernandez7490]

Aaron stays dropping pure knowledge Flawless work 💜

[@brewdog8626]

Still loveing this series; Another facinating episode, please keep em comming :D

[@mdug7224]

These videos of yours should be on buttons at museums of natural history.

[@mwestenfeld86]

I love these videos. It’s great to be able to learn what I didn’t while in high school and in the grasp of evangelicalism. Thank you for all that you have taught me and others.

[@chuckoneill2023]

I would also enjoy visiting that long ago time. I'd really, really enjoy seeing some live trilobites.

[@Skyhighjettalone]

A happy new year to you, the family, and the fam!

[@kleinjahr]

If you ever do go back in time, just remember, DON'T Step On a BUTTERFLY!!

[@jamesfrost2399]

That alien world of the mid-late Permian would be so fascinating to explore. Not sure if fishing and hunting back then would be so great though. I recall reading something once about there being a greater abundance of radioactive elements in the environment back then, and since heavy elements accumulate the further up the food chain you get, the flesh of any animals alive at that time may well be poisonous to us humans now.

[@theplayzpaidoff]

I always like hearing your thoughts about different topics. *Edit* Actually I can recognize this is research. It is genuinely terrifying how much different concepts come up across species in general, especially the brute ones in specfic.

[@craig3226]

These are my absolute favorite videos

[@pardotkynes1]

yes yes yes now this is the AronRa content I love.

[@OrdinaryCritic]

Ditto

[@ghostE404]

So Godzilla is a Mammal ? Interesting.....

[@williamchamberlain2263]

Radioactive milk

[@BlackBanditXX]

Not a mammal, but a synapsid, something approaching mammalian. He appears to lack several key features, such as hair and our titular mammaries.

[@IIARROWS]

As much as I appreciate the taxonomy on Godzilla, he's also been tremendously mutated by radiations, and huge, and with a nuclear breath. Thank you for another taxonomic series, even if it brings less views they are my favourite.

[@seatspud]

More like radioactive belching, that no amount of Gas-X can handle. (Been watching a couple of Godzilla vids prior to this, so, neat!)

[@Therian13]

These are the type of videos that make me glad I subscribed. :)

[@lylez00]

I bet most of those critters would have eaten me. They look scary.

[@nephatrine]

Even though it's not what most modern taxonomists go by, I still consider the amniotes (and therefore mammals) to be reptiles. Except for people who don't want to consider humans to technically be reptiles, I do not see any utility in moving reptiles to sauropsida. It also preserves early synapsids as "mammal-like reptiles" who later evolved into reptiles that were genuinely mammals. It seems like just silly semantics so that we don't have to acknowledge mammals as reptiles.

[@tianikane3312]

Mindblowing as usual.... Thx Aron. Luv ya.

[@tesmith47]

the pariental foremen third eye on lizards)might of been reused as a defensive warning tool for land dwelling, i.e. a shadow from overhead would trigger automatic run escape response

[@dongeonmaster8547]

Great video. Thanks for all your hard work.

[@richardthompson6079]

Fabulous. Anyone else open up tabs of the various species and eras he discusses for later reading? I can get a whole day's education and entertainment from one of your videos AronRa!

[@whatabouttheearth]

In taxonomy when you see the suffix "-morpha" such as "Reptiliomorpha" or "Pimatamorpha", it's like a road sign saying this thing (ie. Reptile/Primate) is coming up this way. So Eureptialia will be on one of the offshoots after Reptiliomorpha, and Primata will be one of the offshoots after Primatomorpha.

[@kylelloyd4437]

I once had a couple creationists tell me with a straight face that komododragons were mammals.

[@anulfolantigua940]

Well watching this video Is pretty close with the Godzilla example Aaron use.

[@RWDOWNPOUR]

How does one come to that conclusion, I am curious lol

[@silvaanosvs8783]

I wish more people would watch videos like this and learn: 1.How many things we actually do know 2.That nature and reality are much more fantastic than people think.

[@mr.spider267]

Another fascinating look into the past. I feel that I know more after each lecture, something I almost never did after a sermon.

[@amygrowls]

Class is in session. There’s a lot here, and as always with these educational videos of yours I have to watch more than once. VERY interesting!

[@Laossutra]

Happy new Year 🌹💐🥳💐 I wish for you Mr aronra to be healthy and safe ❤️🥰❤️

[@tomboughan2718]

I talked with a biologist at a local university about evolution of primates through the Mesozoic . He took me back to Permian Age and thought we might have been evolved from Dimetrodon or Edaphosaurus. I never would have thought that. Interesting.

[@enlacostaizquierda]

The return of the Couchpotatosaurus!

[@lfelssordnry]

I wish I had a high school biology teacher like Aron.

[@JamesRichardsPlays]

My formal biology education pretty much stopped at 16 when I was a junior in high school a weird mix of highs school level biology and AP curriculum. My senior year was only one credit to graduate and I was getting bored. I would spend my time in the classes of other teachers "because I could" The 1999-2000 saw the school district having difficulty gaining enough funds to send me to AP courses that were offered the previous year. It was enough to follow this without much confusion, especially the nomenclature. I love these videos! My formal education may have stopped, but I can find it elsewhere if needed.

[@waveman0]

more brilliant content Aron, thank you for your continued input

[@wardraven8755]

I seen a video yesterday talking about birds being dinosaurs or not. Now i am getting a in depth video on everything they talked about.

[@Brewern07]

I purchased your book from Amazon this weekend. It's excellent!

[@JozettaStych]

I agree with you about the Capitanian Age 100%. Everyone is so obsessed with the Mesozoic, but I feel like it's mostly a lot of overhyped fern and bird things. Capitanian biota are just so scintillatingly weird. I think it's also the sense that they are largely forgotten while exhibiting many similarly-appealing characteristics, like Lonnie Donegan in a culture dominated by Elvis and Chuck Berry. Great stuff, man!

[@BlackBanditXX]

If you had a time machine to go back, it's so different you'd have to write new books on how the order of life worked at the time. I've always been fascinated by the sea life of the era and some of the weird shit nature tried!

[@pjosephlthewonder5082]

Oh I forgot to thank you for the great lesson Professor. Peace

[@PickBit]

This is important info that should reach as many people as possible. I feel there is a lot of confusion even among reasonably educated people. Until recently, going off the outdated definition, I myself used to think mammals were essentially reptiles too and were not called that because of an adaptation of the term, but that is not the case at all, as reptiles and mammals branched from a common ancestor that was an amniote but NOT a reptile itself despite looking a lot like one.

[@DarthStuticus]

Actual Owl Bears. Ancient D&D mages would be pleased.

[@redfoxninja3173]

The more we learn about science the less we need God as an excuse for how the world works

[@aahhhhhhhhhhhhh]

Gojira solos god

[@Aengus42]

I think I'd add an "...at all." in there somewhere. 😃

[@JamesMorgan-ne8qu]

I think there probably will always be gaps in our knowledge where people will shove God.

[@redfoxninja3173]

@JamesMorgan-ne8qu that's the sad part about most people is they would rather believe comfortable lies and fairy tales instead of struggling to learn the actual facts based on reality instead of imagination land

[@methonyHolmes-e8p]

I know from personal experience that some things can't be explain. I don't believe in a creator, or even that life has meaning, but theres more to existence than meets the eye.

[@askavetstudent]

Glad to see you cover this confusing topic

[@zach2980]

What an insanely fascinating episode! Thank you.

[@gregorygarcia6542]

Thank you, Aron. I always learn so much from these videos. Very interesting.

[@uriituw]

These videos are amazing.

[@jtnachos]

I'm sending this to my 12 year old