Atomic Structure Explained (Full Topic) | A Level Physical Chemistry Masterclass

Atomic Structure Explained | A Level Physical Chemistry Masterclass
Dive into the core concepts of atomic structure in this detailed A Level Physical Chemistry explanation video. This masterclass will guide you through fundamental particles, electron configuration, isotopes, and key principles like ionisation energy and mass spectrometry. With step-by-step guidance on calculations and understanding atomic structure, you'll gain the knowledge to excel in your exams. Whether you're preparing for AQA or other exam boards, this video is packed with everything you need to master atomic structure for A Level Chemistry.
Timestamps:
00:46 Fundamental particles
04:20 Nuclear symbols (how many fundamental particles)
06:40 Isotopes
08:23 Electron configuration
09:45 Energy levels
12:48 Atomic orbitals
17:32 Putting electrons in their place
19:17 Electronic structure (configuration)
22:59 Transition metals rules
24:36 Ionisation energy
29:27 Using ionisation energies
32:30 Finding what group they're in using ionisation energies
34:17 Successive ionisation energies
39:43 Mass spectrometer
44:49 Ionisation
47:57 Detection
49:05 Mass spectra
57:09 Mass spectrum calculations
59:44 Rearranging calculations
01:01:08 Shortcut method
01:05:25 Calculating relative atomic mass for isotopes
01:08:28 Abundance
This comprehensive video will help you develop a deep understanding of atomic structure, covering everything from electron placement to complex mass spectrometry calculations. Follow along with the examples and explanations to ensure you're fully prepared for exam questions related to atomic structure.
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Master atomic structure and enhance your A Level Chemistry exam performance today!
#AtomicStructure #PhysicalChemistry #ALevelChemistry #ElectronConfiguration #IonisationEnergy #Isotopes #MassSpectrometer #AQA #ChemistryRevision #ChemistryTutorials #ChemistryMasterclass #ALevelExamTips #ChemistryExamPreparation

[@shreyasharma7100]

0:46 fundamental particles 4:20 nuclear symbols (how many fundamental particles) 6:40 isotopes 8:23 electron configuration 9:45 energy levels 12:48 atomic orbitals 17:32 putting electrons in their place 19:17 electronic structure (configuration) 22:59 transition metals rules 24:36 ionisation energy 29:27 using ionisation energies 32:30 finding what group they're in using ionisation energies 34:17 successive ionisation energies 39:43 mass spectrometer 44:49 ionisation 47:57 detection 49:05 mass spectra 57:09 mass spectrum calculations 59:44 rearranging calculations 1:01:08 shortcut method 1:05:25 calculating relative atomic mass for isotopes 1:08:28 abundance

[@chemistrytutor]

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[@chemistrytutor]

This is really lovely to read, thank you so much for your kind words. I love making the videos and hearing they they've been useful, so I'll definitely keep doing it! I dont know if you've seen this, but I have made a document with links to all my videos drive.google.com/file/d/1s3I5prjbJRR1U1lcKpXO9TQpQMaVoP66/view?usp=drivesdk May be useful!

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[@chemistrytutor]

Thanks for your kind feedback 😀

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[@chemistrytutor]

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[@chemistrytutor]

Thanks for the lovely feedback! I'm really pleased it's useful!

[@sajidahkhatoon8402]

20:40 won't carbon's electron config be 1s2, 2s2 2p2 ? if not then why's it 2p4?

[@chemistrytutor]

You're absolutely correct. Good spot!

[@vanshikabhatia7020]

Thanks for this amazing video! One problem i have is that your voice is really low. I don't know if it's still the case with new videos but without captions it's difficult to tell what you're saying.

[@chemistrytutor]

Thanks for the feedback. I dont think it is an issue for the more recent videos

[@Crithaian]

Thank you for this video, it taught me more than my chem teacher could in a week

[@chemistrytutor]

Thanks for your kind words! 😊

[@themelancholicmoon]

Thank you so much this is really helpful, but it would be even more amazing if you added a few exam style questions for the topic you teach at the end of each video and go through it so we can see what the examboard wants

[@chemistrytutor]

Hi, thanks for the comment. I've done exam style questions as separate videos for a number of topics. This was to make sure videos were not too too! 😁

[@chemistrytutor]

Multiple Choice questions: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q6nCqaahhsaVo8U

[@chemistrytutor]

Atomic Structure kzbin.info/www/bejne/kGfSo5-fpLibl7s

[@mahdiismail6617]

You have saved me never understood the successful ionisation graphs now I do thanks

[@chemistrytutor]

@@mahdiismail6617 Thank you! Your feedback is invaluable. If you enjoyed this, check out my other videos!

[@qilinflqwer]

hello! thank u so much sir for the video :) i just wanted to ask, at 14:33 , isnt the pz orbital you drew actually the py orbital?

[@chemistrytutor]

Good thought, when describing their relative positions, it doesn't matter all that much. It obviously matters for graphs! If you think about it, you can rotate the 3 axes and keep the x axis in a fixed position, and so the y axis and the z axis will switch what position they're in. So once I'd drawn the z axis as 90⁰ to the x axis, then the y axis had to be the other.

[@AhnafAdil-dh8qk]

Great video man i understand very little in class and they take long time to finish these topics but you did in one video tyvm

[@chemistrytutor]

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[@HamidDogar-m2q]

Absolutely amazing sir 👏 ❤ do you have any video of solving questions from these topics? AS i am worried about my exam in 5 days wish me luck, Syllabus is Atomic structure Electronic configuration Ionisation energy Chemical Bonding Moles and stoichiometry Redox States of matter P1 and P2

[@chemistrytutor]

Thank you so much for your feedback. I have lots of different exam question walkthroughs. Use this links document to navigate them as you choose 😃 drive.google.com/file/d/1s3I5prjbJRR1U1lcKpXO9TQpQMaVoP66/view

[@HamidDogar-m2q]

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[@chemistrytutor]

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[@nothingserious1346]

Thank you for this video...

[@chemistrytutor]

You're very welcome 😀

[@SamerKhadra-p2l]

Hello there I hope you reply I'm doing Biology and chemistry A level home-schooling from today Because in School Ive not been learning anything as the teachers are horrible My question is is it possible to finish these two A levels from now till the exams which is about 6 months and if so how can I do it any tips. Starting from scratch and very little previous knowledge Thanks alot you videos are beyond perfect

[@chemistrytutor]

Thank you so much for your kind words about my video-it means a lot to know it’s helping you on your learning journey! Studying A-Level Chemistry and Biology from scratch as an independent learner is definitely challenging, but with the right approach, it’s absolutely achievable. Here’s some advice to keep you on track: 1. Start with the specification: Download the AQA (or your exam board's) specifications for both subjects. They act as a checklist for everything you need to learn and understand. 2. Organise your resources: Use a mix of textbooks, revision guides, online videos, and past paper questions. For Chemistry, CGP and Chemistry: A Student's Guide to AS and A Level are great for clear explanations, while Biology: A Global Approach and AQA A-Level Biology textbooks are excellent for Biology. Combine these with reliable online resources like my videos, Khan Academy, or Seneca Learning. 3. Create a study schedule: Break the content into manageable chunks, focusing on one topic at a time. Allocate specific days for theory, problem-solving, and past paper practice. Balance your time between both subjects to avoid burnout. 4. Master the basics first: For Chemistry, ensure you’re confident with mole calculations, periodic trends, and bonding before moving to more complex topics. For Biology, focus on cell structure, biological molecules, and key processes like photosynthesis and respiration. 5. Practice actively: Work through past exam questions regularly. This helps you apply knowledge and get familiar with the exam style. For AQA, their mark schemes are a goldmine for learning how to phrase answers correctly. 6. Do the required practicals: Even if you’re learning at home, try to replicate the required practicals using accessible materials or watch detailed walkthroughs online. Understanding these is crucial for both exams and practical-based questions. 7. Seek support: Join online forums like The Student Room or Reddit’s r/6thForm for advice, peer support, and accountability. If you can, consider hiring a tutor for the trickier topics or marking your work. 8. Stay consistent: Independent study requires discipline. Set small, achievable goals each week, and reward yourself for progress. 9. Look after yourself: Regular breaks, exercise, and a positive mindset will keep you motivated and reduce stress. If you have specific questions, feel free to reach out! Best of luck, and keep up the great work!

[@SamerKhadra-p2l]

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I’ve been trying to learn this for a quiet a lot of time but couldn’t get it thank you

[@chemistrytutor]

That's really lovely to hear!

[@deqohanshi5113]

sir, you've made a mistake at 20:31 as carbon has 6 electrons. So would it not be 1s2 2s2 sp2 not 2p4 at the end?

[@chemistrytutor]

@deqohanshi5113 yes, you're absolutely correct. I must have got myself twisted around because it's in group 4 and just put the p^4 Good spot!

[@shamsiakhan4299]

thank you soo much this video helped me a lot. You are such a great teacher

[@chemistrytutor]

@@shamsiakhan4299 Thanks for watching and for the wonderful feedback!

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amazing. really helpful.

[@chemistrytutor]

Glad it was helpful!

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[@chemistrytutor]

I'm really glad it's useful! Thanks for the kind feedback! 😊

[@PiiWee-gu1gh]

How did u find the abundance at 50:24 I’m really lost whag did u do

[@chemistrytutor]

You would read off from the y axis, I just added it on when I needed it rather than have too much information on at the beginning. Or you'd simply count squares (or major gridlines). It could be 3 squares for Cl-35 and 1 square for Cl-37

[@ruthwatch9348]

Great tutorial

[@chemistrytutor]

Thank you 😊

[@notmehense]

Can someone explain where the 2,3,3 pattern comes from

[@chemistrytutor]

@@notmehense I go into more detail about it from about 8.36 in this video... kzbin.info/www/bejne/rHXcYappj92Wr7c&feature=shared

[@notmehense]

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[@chemistrytutor]

@@notmehense 😃

[@muyiwabamgboye9469]

This guy is helpful and all but it would be better if there were subtitles

[@chemistrytutor]

Yes, it's an earlier one. Not such good audio. Cc English subtitles are available for it

[@Ibrahimwaleedh]

its actually 5 steps rather than 4. The first step is Vaporisation. Also, the third step Ion drift is actually Deflection of ions.

[@chemistrytutor]

Hi, thanks for the comment. It depends on which type of mass spectrometry you are working with. The Time Of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry I'm describing here is 4 steps. This is the version for AQA a level, and as far as I know most others; it's the more modern version of a mass spectrometer - partly because the machine takes up less space. The slightly more old fashioned version does indeed involve 5 steps with the extra step being as you say, Deflection. The biggest differences between the function of the two machines is that TOF separates the different sized ions in the sample by getting them to drift with constant kinetic energy, so heavier ions take longer to drift, whereas in the 'old fashioned' machine ions are separated using a variable/increasing magnetic field. So heavier ions need a stronger magnetic field to deflect them round the corner. Thanks for the comment

[@Zainaabshah]

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[@zaraaziz1302]

why is carbon's electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4 if there are only 6 electrons in Carbon, not 8....?

[@chemistrytutor]

You're absolutely correct. Good spot!

[@alienking9635]

At 18:40 you said fill orbitals singly before pairing up but u paired them up in doing the carbon... please explain to me

[@chemistrytutor]

I paired them up in 1s and then 2s, yes. The rules were kind of written in order of importance. 1) fill lower energy orbitals first, means completely fill 1s, then 2s. Rule (2) is only relevant when you have multiple orbitals in a sub-shell. So the 3 x p orbitals get filled singly first, and same for the 5 x d orbitals (with one exception per row. Hope that helps

[@alienking9635]

@@chemistrytutor thank you so much I understand now

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[@chemistrytutor]

Excellent 😀

[@lovedkisha]

the electronic configuration of Cr and Cu are confusing me. why is Cr = 6 when Cr has 24 electrons and why is Cu = 11 if it has 29 electrons?

[@chemistrytutor]

Argon has 18 electrons and so the top row transition metals have the same electron arrangement as argon, and then however many electrons needed to finish it off. So copper has 11 more than argon so it is [Ar]3d^10 4s^1

[@lovedkisha]

@@chemistrytutor ohhhh, so it’s the condensed configuration? Thank you so much! Amazing video, by the way. Was very helpful 🤩

[@chemistrytutor]

@daintyfawnee thank you 😊 Yes, it should be 1s^2 etc for the first 18 electrons but [Ar] is fine for shorthand. Not for exams though!

[@manzmokaka680]

Thank you🙏

[@chemistrytutor]

Glad it's useful 😊

[@MadinaKhan-c7h]

is the carbon electronic structure not 1s2 2s2 2p2 as carbon has an atomic number of 6 not 8

[@chemistrytutor]

Yes, you're correct! Good spot 👌

[@MadinaKhan-c7h]

Youre videos are amazing they really helped me understand the content thank you !

[@chemistrytutor]

@@MadinaKhan-c7h you're very welcome! Thank you for your kind words 😊

[@officialhelpermooma3325]

Sir, you made a mistake in writting electronic configuration of C6

[@chemistrytutor]

You're correct! Good spot. I wrote p4 instead of p2 Thanks 😊

[@nokhu376]

Thank you so much .this was helpful and it's understandable 👏👏

[@chemistrytutor]

Thank you so much for the lovely feedback. It's really appreciated

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Thank you so much! This helped me a lot!

[@chemistrytutor]

Glad it was useful. Hope chemistry is going well 😃

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What a coincidence-I’ve heard great things about him!

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[@Ol-vo2ky]

So this is the full lesson video?

[@chemistrytutor]

@@Ol-vo2ky yes indeed

[@rutbaa4903]

does the energy increase with increasing shell number?

[@chemistrytutor]

Ionisation energy? No, as atoms get larger, with more occupied shells, ionisation energy decreases. It might be help to call the shells by their alternative name- energy levels. Atoms in a shell further from the nucleus are said to be in a higher energy level. If they have a higher level of energy, they need LESS extra energy given to them in order to escape the attraction of the nucleus

[@therulebreaker1804]

Hello, do you use ipad for making your notes in these videos ?

[@chemistrytutor]

I do, yes. Hope its useful!

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[@chemistrytutor]

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[@chemistrytutor]

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[@notmehense]

Wow.

[@chemistrytutor]

Glad it was useful 😃

[@gracechen2412]

carbon's electron configuration should be 1s2 2s2 2p2

[@chemistrytutor]

You're absolutely correct. Good spot!

[@thenormalkid3781]

bro isnt carbon 1s2 2s2 2p2 not sp4 because that would be oxygen with 8 carbon only has 6

[@teemtaha857]

This is camrbidge right not edexel

[@chemistrytutor]

@teemtaha857 Hi. This video will be suitable for any exam board. I teach AQA so I always make sure it covers everything needed for AQA. All exam boards are at least 95% the same though. The main differences between them is not the content they include, but rather how they structure the course, what topics are on each exam and the question style

[@ghayasshahid]

Amazing!

[@chemistrytutor]

😃

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thank you :))

[@chemistrytutor]

You're welcome 😊

[@kaydenn2791]

Is this Cambridge As level?

[@chemistrytutor]

yes, I believe so. All A level courses for sciences *have* to be similar. I think chemistry course is almost identical whatever the exam board. There are some differences in the exams themselves. That seems to be the main difference

[@ogbokoedoghogho9618]

the electronic configuration of fe actually confused me a little bit

[@chemistrytutor]

Hope it makes a bit more sense now! Let me know if not 😀

[@aaishakhan9334]

34:17

[@chemistrytutor]

😀

[@coldrockskeep7956]

thank you so much

[@chemistrytutor]

You're very welcome. Glad it was useful 👍

[@schoolinaminute]

What a guy

[@chemistrytutor]

😎

[@mustafatv4048]

Is this for AQA?

[@chemistrytutor]

@mustafatv4048 Hi, yes, this video will be suitable for any exam board. I teach AQA so I always make sure it covers everything needed for AQA. All exam boards are at least 95% the same though. The main differences between them is not the content they include, but rather how they structure the course, what topics are on each exam and the question style

[@mustafatv4048]

@@chemistrytutor Cheers

[@mustafatv4048]

@@chemistrytutor Great vid btw, very helpful

[@monikanegumbo]

Im not going to lie but i got lost as from 21:09 till the ionisation part

[@chemistrytutor]

Electron configuration can be tough. It takes practice but you'll get there!

[@zeinabshaker2688]

In last example if we make mg25 =x the result change

[@chemistrytutor]

The value of x changes, yes. But that's because x is now the Mg 25 percentage, so you would expect it to change