Autopsy on Adam & Eve - Objectivity 256

[@ObjectivityVideos]

Patreon supporters can look at some extra detailed pics here: www.patreon.com/posts/65624730

[@user-gl1xy6ln2v]

Hey Brady/Louisiane -- charts such as your "mystery page" from the Schoener book have been discussed in a paper: "Experimenting with Paper Instruments in Fifteenth-and Sixteenth-Century Astronomy: Computing Syzygies with Isotemporal Lines and Salt Dishes" by Richard L. Kremer out of Darmouth College.

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

So it calculates the positions of celestial bodies. I'm amazed at how people came up with impressive solutions to questions like this before computers.

[@talyrath]

And it even looks like a spreadsheet!

[@Rubrickety]

"More skulls coming. Do not worry." This is someone who truly understands how to be reassuring.

[@MisterTingles]

I always look forward to Objectivity uploads, but this was on a whole nother level, absolutely mindblowing.

[@MarcoZamora]

What a beautiful title page on the second almanac! (3:50) The typography is strikingly elegant and seems quite modern; it's something I'd expect to find on one of those handsome Taschen limited editions

[@vaxjoaberg]

7:43 I think it's most likely a hand-operated ballast tank. Crank on the handle to alternately compress or expand the air in the chamber to change its density which will cause the diver to sink or rise.

[@jiroscop]

Wow, that's amazing. Yep, I agree it should be a balast tank

[@geocider22]

I thought it was a pump for the air-supply, and they just neglected to draw the connections, but a ballast tank does seem more likely.

[@wawingnut1]

Louisiana was great in this!! It’s so nice to see somebody so genuinely excited by their work 🥰 much love

[@donepearce]

That saw was actually a rack and pinion gear which moves the piston in and out when the handle is turned.

[@VincentGroenewold]

Indeed, maybe a sample retriever?

[@donepearce]

@@VincentGroenewold More likely a pump for the air, I would imagine

[@adamshkee]

Yup! looks like a ballast tank to control buoyancy.

[@DrDrang-dh7ze]

@@donepearce My first thought was that the piston pushed water for propulsion, but pumping air seems like a good guess, too.

[@Nilguiri]

It is obviously an air compressor to pressurise the air in the "breathing bag" so that it is equalised with the pressure underwater at that depth. Nowadays we used a compressed air tank coupled with a regulator.

[@deliciousrose]

Whoa, those are amazing! Such beauty and ingenuity, given the limitations on that era. Very well preserved too, it's been hundreds of years but seems like only a few decades old. Thank you for showing us these beautiful works, this might be my favourite episode so far!

[@jpetersen]

What an honor to handle paper that's more than 500 years old! I really appreciate the work of the Royal Society in conserving these documents. The earliest days of the printing press can still be viewed today; whereas the earliest days of the internet have already vanished in time. Great video! Keep up the good work, Brady! :)

[@LesaNotLisa]

This is it. This is my favorite episode. These are crazy cool!!

[@Wrackey]

Saw this pass by a week ago... got recommended again today, and had nothing else to watch, so gave it a shot, but DAMN! If the title would have been "15th century paper instruments" or something, and the Thumbnail actually showed some, I would've watched it a week ago! The title and thumbnail had me thinking this was about some old medical texts or something! ;D

[@bonez565]

That final book is absolutely stunning in complexity. Best of luck with the scanning process.

[@jamesedmonds7519]

I wonder if an MRI scanner combined with photo editing software might be a solution. A conventional scanner would almost certainly cause damage.

[@bhzucker]

OUTSTANDING video, maybe the best Objectivity ever! You could have made this into a 2 or 3 part series... extra footage in the future please???

[@whoeveriam0iam14222]

6:27 you can clearly see that this is the visible side of the moon. they would have had no way of knowing what the other side could possibly look like mare serentatis, crisium and tranquilitatis are very easy to spot. same with the 2 obvious rays coming from Tycho crater and Copernicus and Kepler craters

[@PastPresented]

Yes, that's actually an illustration for two separate articles, by Hevelius and Cassini, describing an occultation of Jupiter by the moon- the planet's motion being marked by little circles along a line from lower left to upper right

[@PopeLando]

The Almanac is so old they haven't finalised the form of the so-called "Arabic" numerals for 4, 5 and 7, but there's the 0 as plain as day. 1st column on the right might be lunar dates and they go from 0 to 29. A surprising absence of any Roman numerals, in fact. First column: our conventional date of the month, 1, 2, 3 etc Second column, the Dominical Letter, you used to tell when Sunday was each year Third Column: the date in Roman form counting down successively to the Nones and the Ides of this month and then down to the Kalends of next month. Fourth column: Saints' days etc Fifth column: lunar date, seemingly correct for 1472 (new moon on Jan 11). On the left page the columns are labelled 1475, 1494 and 1513.

[@sIightIybored]

Then the newer book has them basically like the modern versions

[@grahamrich9956]

Why are they so-called Arabic numerals?

[@PopeLando]

@@grahamrich9956 Because a) a lot of people seem to pile on when you call them Arabic numerals because their origin is actually Indian and b) the numerals used by Arabs today are different again. The numbers used in the Western world are called "Arabic" but how do you then differentiate them from actual Arabic numbers?

[@grahamrich9956]

@@PopeLando fair enough

[@jared_bowden]

The numerals can be seen well at 2:46 - great detail that I hadn't noticed at first. The 4 looks like a simple loop (like the top half of an 8), the 5 looks like a flipped question mark (kinda like ʕ) or like a 4 without the second bar, and the 7 is rotated so that is looks like lambda (Λ).

[@Nolanthegardener]

I had to pause and rewind this several times because it was so interesting!

[@Kae6502]

Such intricate work, done so long ago ago! This has become one of my favorite epesodes, despite Keith's absence. Seriously, everyone involved in Objectivity deserves high praise for the quality of these videos... even the flying cameraman. Video of that coming out soon I hope? :D

[@donstor1]

That is incredible. I would never know that something like this existed without your channel. Amazing for the time period. Thank you.

[@ObjectivityVideos]

Thank you for watching.

[@Marr_SC]

At 7:43 he's holding a ballast tank. You could crank the handle to remove or add water to achieve neutral buoyancy.

[@birkk]

Thats what I was thinking, that must be it!

[@no_handle_required]

I hope this series never ends.

[@Zveebo]

Wonderful books - the fact that they have survived so well is incredible (and perhaps a testament to previous librarians at the Royal Society!)

[@howdidthisgethere119]

Wow, Facinating books. These take me back to my childhood with all of the cutaway books with flaps I had for different layers of machines (and one I had with clear velum layers of the body). I'd love to see Luisianne back for more videos.

[@TheRealDoctorBonkus]

I’m always happy when a new Objectivity comes along!

[@bmk8018]

That anatomy book was mind blowing.

[@VincentGroenewold]

Oh wauw, these are probably the most beautiful examples I’ve ever seen! Amazing how the colors have been preserved, seeing the amount of detail they had back then. Love it!

[@justaperson1812]

These drawings are absolutely amazing

[@Orxenhorf]

5:17 - The title at the top of the page tells you: "the equator (calculator) of conjunctions, oppositions, and the appearance of the moon to the sun". (Lunar phase)

[@AB-Prince]

I think the object the diver is holding is a ballast. where he cranks the handle to compress or expand air in the cylinder to float or sink.

[@michaelmiller641]

Absolutely amazing! Thankyou!

[@marknahabedian1803]

I hadn't thought of these as instruments before. I have a few books containing nomographs, which are, perhaps, the simplest paper instrument after the table. These consist of three scales. One can align a straight edge with "known" values on two of the scales and read the "unknown" value off of the remaining scale.

[@fugithegreat]

These are soooo cool!! I can't believe how much work it must have been to make those dissection plates. And they are in amazing condition after all this time!

[@Simbosan]

This is an amazing video, I watch them all but this is truly epic

[@465maltbie]

Amazing that the flap book still has all those layers...thanks for sharing. Charles

[@465maltbie]

Can you imagine what instructions you had to give the book maker to be sure everything is in the right place and moves as you wanted it to. Charles

[@lafcursiax]

I have some limited experience with academic digitization, but I could not even imagine beginning to scan Adam and Eve here! Good luck to you indeed, Louisiane!

[@andiwaters1888]

Best episode yet. Late to see it but wonderful. The last book is breathtaking. I wonder how much something like that would be worth as a reproduction. It would be amazing to have one

[@Barnesy95]

That anatomy book was fascinating!

[@SoleaGalilei]

Wow, the astronomical instruments were cool but the anatomy pages are stunning!

[@praveenb9048]

[10:55] Trigger warnings go way longer back than you thought.

[@peterkelley6344]

I had no idea that the Adam, and Eve models were that OLD! This is just amazing. Thanks for sharing these texts.

[@RFC-3514]

They're 6000 years old, according to the manufacturer.

[@sheldonaubut]

I thought the mechanical item on the underwater bag was an air pump as it has a ratchet and piston. There has to be some way to get the air from the surface and dispel old air. Also on that page there is a drawing of a strange little submarine with air bags for breathing and a big straw attached to one's head that would allow breathing underwater. I doubt that the oars for propulsion would work underwater but still fascinating. Strange stuff indeed but imaginations of a future to come centuries later.

[@nyw11]

The only thing I (as a humble armchair investigator) can offer on the mystery chart is that part of the title allegedly translates to "Opposite to the sun" (oppositiuinvm atqve aspectvvm lvne ad solem), and part of the dials/separations are in delineations of 12, perhaps marking months or hours, with other sections delineated to 30 perhaps for days in a month.

[@hadz8671]

equatorium conjunctionum, oppositionum atque aspectuum lune ad solem = equatorial conjunction, opposition and aspect of the Moon to the Sun

[@nyw11]

​@@hadz8671 Great Job! Maybe it's to somehow indicate declinations of the earth through the year?

[@samueldevulder]

Fascinating!

[@dlanska]

As always, a very interesting presentation.

[@murkyseb]

That was amazing

[@ChandrasegaranNarasimhan]

The diagram could be an attempt at primitive calendar. So the disk states which cell to focus on?🤔 So there were colour papers before black and white journal by robert hook?

[@PeterGaunt]

Fabulous!

[@billd01rfc]

Astounding!

[@Veptis]

I sorta remember building paper tools like these in early school. we even had a bookbinding class like a decade later - but nobody put those tools inside the book. I never even finished my books... Still have the parts tho.

[@mustangnawt1]

Amazing

[@nicholasshaler7442]

The Latin at 5:17 translates as “equation of the conjunction, opposition, and aspect with the moon to the sun.”

[@SquirrelGrrl]

Never knew they made stuff like that!! I had a cool transparent engine from a 70's encyclopedia.

[@chrisjones-fp5vd]

it says at the top of the page, its about conjunction and opposition of the sun and moon

[@martijndekok]

5:17 Might that diagram help to determine the angle of the sun in certain points in our orbit around it? The text at the top ends with something like "Ataqve aspectvvm lvne ad solvm". Old languages aren't my specialty, but that sounds like "Attack aspect line of sun"

[@bigguix]

You said you'd read the comments ! you are great and lovely ! and very brave to manipulate old books like that !

[@BillMSmith]

I have nothing useful to add about that chart. BUT, rather than let that stop me I'll proclaim it to be an early inspiration for Excel. And every bit as understandable.

[@alfakennywon]

This very much reminds me of Tool's Lateralus booklet artwork by Alex Grey.

[@olivier2553]

What the diver is caryring is a device to get to null flotation. A sort of ballast. I am sure I have seen that explanation somewhere.

[@VincentGroenewold]

Oh, that makes a lot of sense actually. Kind of how submarines work, I’m amazed they knew about that kind of stuff back then already.

[@quintrankid8045]

@@VincentGroenewold Wikipedia has an article History of submarines which I haven't read all of, but it seems this kind of thing dates back quite a long time.

[@menachemsalomon]

Around 14:05, there's a close-up of the snake in the corner. The writing is an interesting font, but recognizable as the Hebrew of Genesis 3:4, _Ye shall not surely die_ (לא מות תמתון), which is what the Serpent tells Eve as he's urging her to ignore the warning label.

[@phileo_ss]

Simply incredible! I wonder how much it would cost to publish that anatomy book now.

[@quintrankid8045]

I saw an old, 1960s, encyclopedia that had color illustrations on some sort of flexible plastic. Turn the pages and anatomy was revealed, but nothing like the complexity of the anatomy book we saw in the video which was, I agree, incredible.

[@PastPresented]

Somewhere there's probably a whole town of people being paid a dollar a day to make pop-up and flap books.

[@Bladavia]

Indredible, that's a piece of art

[@TheyCallMeNewb]

That flap-laden book was a new style to my eye. Not the sort to stand the test of time -- and use.

[@ChandrasegaranNarasimhan]

How did havelius describe hidden side of the moon when man went to the moon in 20th century?

[@michaelwright2986]

Just a slight refinement of the transcription of the Latin at 5:17 AEQVATORIVM CONIVNCTIONVM, OPPOSITIONVM ATQUE ASPECTVVM LVNE AD SOLEM. The V is just the same as U. All the words that end (i)vm are in the genitive plural. I think it's a list, so you would expect a comma after AEQVATORIVM, but pre-modern punctuation is very inconsistent, so I think aequator is a noun, rather than an adjective (I can't find aequat- as an adjective in the dictionary of later Latin I've got). I don't know about astronomy, so there's a chance of error from that cause (would "of equatorial conjunctions" make sense, astronomically?), but I would translate: "Of (the) equators, conjunctions, oppositions and aspects of the moon towards the sun." HTH

[@ArmyCop]

Louisiane - As a social historian I was very interested in your accent (as well as the presentation, of course!) May I ask where you're from? My guess is South Africa, but there also seems to be somewhere else -- aside from southwest England, as well. Thanks!

[@RFC-3514]

She's French. And I think she's lived / worked in Norwich and Oxford.

[@professorsogol5824]

There is an inconsistency here: At 8:25 we hear "from the very early 17th century" but then at 8:36 we hear "the first version of this was printed in 1713." 1713 is the 18th century. Is the century stated incorrectly or is the printing date stated incorrectly? A google search reveals Johannes Rem was born 1567 so I think the printing date is stated incorrectly..

[@jjohn1234]

I think the saw thing on the scuba diving image is a cylinder with a piston to re presurise the bag

[@RonJohn63]

0:46 I'd not have recognized "4", "5", and "7" outside of this context.

[@Muonium1]

I don't understand how Hooke's underwater apparatus would have worked. The huge bag of air would have made certain you didn't go very far under water at all.

[@VincentGroenewold]

So they didn't, he just went under in the river Thames for 20 min.

[@RFC-3514]

Submarines carry more air than that, and they go pretty far. I'm pretty sure the concept of weighted diving belts wasn't beyond Hook'es abilities. The drawing even shows what appears to be a cranked ballast tank to control buoyancy (which she incorrectly described as "a saw" in the video).

[@collinscody57]

That amazing it hasn't been ripped after all these years

[@gmanrpg]

So... What's going on with hello internet?

[@PatricksRareBooks]

Forensic pathologist, medical historian, and rare book dealer here. These are anatomies, not autopsies. The two are (and have always been) very different. It is also worth noting that the notion that dissection was taboo at this point in history is little more than myth. Human dissection had grown quite wide-spread across Europe by the early 17th century. The demon over Eve’s genitalia strikes me more as a reminder to the reader not to lust, rather than a warning about what you will see (but others may disagree).

[@RFC-3514]

Well, for a certain value of "widespread". That's how they got the material to make the drawings in the first place, of course. But I think the point was they were frowned upon by the church (and some of its followers), hence the idea to dress it up as a "church-approved" anatomy book.

[@unadomandaperte]

5:00 the game of Parcheesi on steroids. 🤣

[@leppeppel]

4:54 My money's on "excel spreadsheet."

[@Nobody_Special310]

Great video! Now, I'm off to put a bag on my head and dive underwater. Hopefully, a paper bag will do. I'll edit this comment if I survive! EDIT: :(

[@iseriver3982]

15 century books. That's mad.

[@monas.6839]

Perhaps my ignorance is showing, but I am seriously shocked that she was handling those books with her bare hands.

[@andiwaters1888]

It's a common mistake perpetuated by Hollywood. The gloves are not necessary, and in fact can make things worse by making it harder to hold fragile objects.

[@drskelebone]

My Latin is admittedly, nonexistant. But that title (excuse any typos: "...qvatorium co;nivntionvm, oppositionum, atqve aspectvvm lvne et solem" google translates to "the four lines of conjunctions, oppositions, and aspects of the moon and sun", so the colors must represent something about moon phases.

[@ConradJupiter77]

it's a diagram of a flux capacitor

[@themadrobot]

does the royal society have paper planes? seems they have been around since paper heh

[@laser8389]

I know what the mystery diagram is! It’s a liney circle!

[@leumas75]

Dammit, I SOOOO wanted this to be musical instruments made of paper. Oh well.

[@SaebriSelect]

if elementary schools had that book i bet there would be a lot more ppl passionate about health science stuff

[@kuronosan]

11:17 Speak for yourself, I had the World Book encyclopedia with a conceptually very similar transparent overlay for human anatomy.

[@n0tourist]

11:50 you should make a digital version of it in unreal engine 5

[@isaceini]

[14:06] Hebrew writing on the bottom-left, just behind the snake. The first word (right to left ) לא = NO. Actually, most of the 10 commandments start with the word No, (In the actual Hebrew. I can't make anything from what is written afterwards. Seem like gibberish with no meaning.

[@ChrisKoch]

Is it safe to touch such an old manuscript with bare hands? Or is it a reproduction?

[@PastPresented]

Fragile paper is best handled with bare hands because the sense of touch gives you a good idea when you're exerting too much force. Photos, however ...

[@RFC-3514]

Are you afraid it might be cursed?

[@jtadevich]

@@PastPresented Hmm, I imagine latex gloves would give you fine dexterity and sensitivity huh?

[@PastPresented]

@@jtadevich Not sufficient sensitivity for handling paper which may be as thin as the latex, and far more fragile

[@jtadevich]

@@PastPresented Hmm. That hasn't been my experience, but then again, I haven't handled ancient papers, just lots of modern paper with latex and nitrile. Interesting.

[@HughOBrien]

Louisiane's accent is impossible for me to place! Some English obviously, some South African maybe? Maybe some French influence? Help me understand!

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

I felt similarly confused by her accent. I think she's just French; a quick Google Search says she studied in France.

[@RFC-3514]

Well, she's French, if that helps.

[@MusicFanatical1]

This would’ve been their equivalent to 3D glasses.

[@margathapai4010]

"This book is from the 16th century, and on this page, we can see he has drawn a map of the darkside of the moon" me: ok. me: ... me: wait a minute how would he know what that looked like? Apparently back when you could put anything in a book and people would just roll with it.

[@VincentGroenewold]

Kind of, it speaks volumes for the curiosity people had.

[@whoeveriam0iam14222]

anyone who has ever looked at the moon can easily tell that this is the side of the moon you can see from earth

[@PastPresented]

@@whoeveriam0iam14222 Yes, what it's really showing you is those little circles along a line from lower left to upper right

[@1224chrisng]

And this episode was sponsored by Adam an-- *Demonetized*

[@sshuggi]

17th century medical texts using ornate devil drawings as censor bars. Lol, great.

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

Why can't censor bars be that creative these days?

[@bloemundude]

Meanwhile, I still struggle in drawing stick figures.

[@murphygreen8484]

No gloves??

[@VincentGroenewold]

No, when I was there I handled a book from Newton. Without gloves as well, the reasoning is that with gloves you feel less and the chance of tearing becomes greater.

[@OnkelPeters]

Clean hands are safer than gloves, yes.

[@Zveebo]

Are you being serious??? Gloves would be a complete breach of all principles of preservation in handling delicate paper like this.

[@BLITZKRIEG1]

hi

[@lonnierusso210]

𝓅𝓇o𝓂o𝓈𝓂 🙈

[@wbberger4163]

Lordy, lordy! Get your oily fingers off that book!! Real professionals, and responsible archivists use cloth gloves and don't grime up and leave their oleaginous tracings. This was truly hard to watch, despite the books and the commentary. I kept yelling at the vid.

[@ObjectivityVideos]

Best practice to use hands. Gloves make your handling clumsy and more likely to rip stuff.