Band Gap and Semiconductor Current Carriers | Intermediate Electronics

What makes a semiconductor a semiconductor? For that matter, what makes an insulator an insulator and a conductor a conductor? It all comes down to how much energy it takes to pull an electron away from its nucleus! We delve into this and also talk about how not only electrons move but also the lack of electrons, or holes, move. It's kinda weird but pretty cool. Check it out!
Subscribe to CircuitBread for more videos on intermediate electronics! This video is on our website, as well as the animations and a written transcript: www.circuitbread.com/tutorial...
00:14 Parts of an Atom
00:37 Valence Band
01:00 Band Gap
01:19 Three Types of Materials used in Electronics and their Band Gaps
02:00 Current Carriers in a Semiconductor
03:34 Summary
For electronics tools, tutorials, equations and more check out our site: www.circuitbread.com
CircuitBread is joining the fight to help people more easily learn about and use electronics. With an ever-growing array of equations, tools, and tutorials, we're striving for the best ways to make electronics and electrical engineering topics more accessible to everyone.
Connect with CircuitBread:
Instagram ➤ / circuitbread
Facebook ➤ / circuitbread
Twitter ➤ / circuitbread

[@CircuitBread]

Hi everyone - if you want to read about this at your own pace with embedded animations, check out the tutorial on our site: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/band-gap-and-semiconductor-current-carriers Have a great one!

[@sourabh7434]

I cannot describe how happy i am to understand this just before my exam. Thank you so much.😄

[@CircuitBread]

Awesome! Good luck on your exam!

[@sourabh7434]

@@CircuitBread thank you.

[@wajeedullahmarwat4955]

same i'm so confused before watching that video but when i watched it now my concept is fully clear

[@shaluyadav4952]

Same here

[@StartUp_Pakistan999]

Same here

[@Ali-iv8dp]

Three teachers around here couldn't even explain a singular minute of this as good as how you did, God bless you.

[@edgarssk]

Bravo! Finally found someone who can explain it in simple terms! You are the best!

[@saraha.k.861]

I love how simplistic and up to the point you are thank you so much!!

[@maryfucci3131]

Thank you for making this video!

[@spaceshipastro]

Thank you, the most simple and complete in same time explanintion i've ever seen

[@perseveranceokpara7535]

Thanks for the video. Simple, plain and short.

[@c.g.6325]

This is such an awesome video!

[@X_Ye]

I finally understood what is the hole current!!! Thank you so much! I've always asked to my professor why the holes can flow and I never had a satisfied answer. It turns out to be electron current but at valence shell!

[@pramukhgupta7017]

Amazing video! Cleared the hole concept

[@NishC300]

Wow! The way you explained it so simply and visually was incredible! Thanks a lot for making this, you really cleared up a lot of confusion I had.

[@CircuitBread]

Awesome, glad to hear it helped!

[@WightAvarice]

These videos are fantastic! Why haven't I seen you before now?! Thank you

[@BBonBon]

Beautiful video!

[@jennifernapoles3026]

You did such an awesome job at describing this! I appreciate these videos and hope you do more in the future! :D

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks, Jennifer!

[@krishnasonswane1544]

That actually helped, i can't how much i googled it this is the first video that actually helped

[@oyindamolaoluyemi7435]

I am wo happy I watched this. Thanks so so much.

[@Sohaila500]

thanks for this simple explaning

[@supremeworlok7631]

Very well explained. Thank you!

[@wontawnnn]

Thank you for such a clear explanation! Straight to the point

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks! Semiconductors have never been my strong point so we were trying to make something straightforward enough that I could understand. 😄

[@muratklc4652]

very nice visual explanation thanks

[@mrv405]

Concise and clear !!!! THANK YOU!

[@judeoludunmade837]

very nice explanation thank you circuit board

[@dondedios1562]

im gratful with your explaination :)

[@bic1349]

Great explanation!

[@augustinegeorge633]

I had a hard time understanding this concept. This helped a lot. Thanks

[@S73IN]

Very helpful explanation. Thanks!

[@tsegabkarta6739]

this is best, simple and easy way of teaching Band gap and semiconductor. I like your videos👍

[@stem6109]

Thank you so much for your amazing explanation!!!

[@nusyil]

Great job mate! Thanks a lot!

[@CodewizardSumit]

Awesome explaination ❣️

[@peppylocker1023]

That was very helpful. Thank you

[@Educatefirst]

Great work, helped lot. thank you

[@tarushibuddhini2429]

Amazing explaination🤗🤗🤗🙌👍

[@delowarhossain5786]

very clear presentation, I like it.

[@diksha8347]

THANK YOU FOR VISUALIZATION

[@bryanchisembele6603]

YOU ARE HEAVEN SENT.. THANKYOU SOO MUCH

[@mariannejasmijn8656]

Excellent explanation!

[@NCHINTASANTHISRI]

Thank u sir. This video cleared my doubts on hole current

[@eleencraft01]

It's really very helpful

[@user-kk6zl3by9j]

Thank you for clarifying my doubts.........

[@xor8979]

you are a great teacher ...........no words to say...thankyou...................so..... much..............dint understand when watched many videos..but only this made me know.........thankyou.......😁😁😁🤩🤩🤩

[@SAURAVSINGH-mr1mq]

Awesome video, it was so helpful 😀 💯💯💯💯💯💯

[@abhilashpendyala1213]

Clearly explained 🤩🤩... Those animation videos removed all my confusions and doubts that have from past many years...

[@CircuitBread]

Glad it helped out and made things more intuitive!

[@mevyn6969]

Amazingly clear explanation. Thank you

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks Mevyn!

[@tasmiyasana1257]

Thank you very much for the clear and precise explanation. 😊

[@CircuitBread]

You're welcome!

[@naushadahmadmansuree]

Nicely Explained sir

[@agnasaji5428]

Still creating a bang !After 5 years tooo..... Thanks a lot.....

[@iremalpaslan2176]

i am soooooo glad to find you. thanks, you saved my life

[@CircuitBread]

Hi Irem - glad we could help!

[@thaisgguerra]

Thank you for great explanation, it helped me a lot! :)

[@CircuitBread]

Fantastic - I'm glad it helped!

[@tau098]

this was so clear! thank you

[@CircuitBread]

Awesome, glad to hear it helped!

[@tohtorizorro]

I came here to understand band gap and got more than I hoped for. Tthe effort put purely into explaining the concept as apprehensible as possible is heart warming. I thought I'd subscribed to your channel already but was glad I wasn't so I could do it now. Awesome job, sir!

[@tohtorizorro]

BTW... in my head, I picture charge carrier holes as bubbles in water (since they're just 'empty space' in the 'actual substance'). Would you say this is a reasonable metaphor? I'm just curious why I can't recall seeing this anywhere else while some people seem to hold on to all sorts of water analogies even when the atom model might be easier to grasp.

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks for the kind comments! And yes, I think that would be a great metaphor!

[@Renegen1]

very clear

[@crazyhawk13]

Great explanation, thank you!

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks for the feedback, we really appreciate it! We put a lot of stuff out there and we hope it's useful for people!

[@bridgetchalo2977]

Amazing very nice explanation have finally understood

[@CircuitBread]

Awesome!

[@mehmetsiringunes8218]

thanks very much.

[@chittadwara78]

Awesome video, thank you

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks, glad it helped!

[@Abdelrahman_Hosny]

clear and direct

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks!

[@user-xx1nc9tv7e]

you did great

[@isr1825]

such a good teacher and explanation mate.

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks Iñigo! I appreciate the feedback!

[@aussie4662]

i watched many videos trying to understand bands, gaps, and how that relates to electrons, but all the videos i have watched up till now miss the importance of describing WHERE the conduction band is relative to the valence band on an atom. If they leave out one little piece of information it sends you crazy trying to understand the rest. Thank you so much for your video, now I can continue.

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks Aussie! I have definitely been there before and am glad we were able to help eliminate that confusion/frustration for you!

[@EvelynnandArt]

I'm currently looking into Thermal generators and conductors, this video is very awsome your sound quality is ver nice and you speak very freely i love this video pls make more you should have an way bigger audience with this Video Quality and information

[@CircuitBread]

Thank you!

[@majdsaleh_]

Thanks buddy

[@hairlesswookieofhoth3574]

Subscribed and liked bro good vid... I already know a bit about band Gap and transparency, just trying to refresh. Came across a vid about it from an English bloke and he was explaining with plastic balls from a kids play place... I found your vid right after.. you ever notice that Brits are smarter and more informed than the average person here, but I think that our best of the best outshine over here

[@CircuitBread]

Glad to be of service! I think I watch so much BBC television that I don't even notice accents now unless I'm consciously thinking about it. As for comparing the US to Great Britain, I'm not gutsy enough to jump into that conversation! 😂

[@skiphoffenflaven8004]

Perfection.

[@hoseinfarzadnia4022]

wonderful

[@teresafernandes7440]

Amazing work!

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks Teresa!

[@MithileshKumar-cz9ox]

Well said

[@MithileshKumar-cz9ox]

Hey! does your syllabus matches with ours CBSE? By the way in which standard do you study?

[@kiana5560]

thank u soooo much so helpful

[@CircuitBread]

You're welcome, I'm glad it helped!

[@ayah3672]

GREAT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@danielhoyoscastillo7537]

Por favor, sigue haciendo vídeos. Son muy útiles.

[@CircuitBread]

¡Gracias! Estamos planeando hacer más videos sobre diodos y transistores pronto, y esperamos que ayuden.

[@normalvector4564]

Basically my whole day of studying summarized into 4 minutes.

[@TKR911]

bravo !!!!

[@nilabh40]

Thank you ❤️ 2days before exam searching for a animated video to understand semiconductor 😂♥️♥️

[@Abhilashaisgood]

Great!

[@luiscarrillo8247]

Great for test review! Also, a Fermi level video would come in handy

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks Luis! Y'know, we talked about doing a Fermi level video but didn't think there was quite enough content to create a video out of it. So Susie put together a quick overview on our website, let me know what you think: www.circuitbread.com/ee-faq/whats-fermi-level-and-why-is-it-important-in-a-semiconductor

[@sawsantony9861]

Greaaaaaaaaaaaaat effort. keep it up

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks!

[@ayres3909]

What a nice voice! Great explanation, too.

[@CircuitBread]

Thank you! This is going to go straight to Josh's head, though... 😉

[@Constantine808]

Nice explained sir🙏🙏🙏 I understood it very clearly and thanks for clearing my doubt. Sir Love from India ❤️

[@CircuitBread]

You're welcome!!

[@old8187]

Thank you so much Now , I can dye happy 😊

[@unknown_5888]

Thanks man lots of love from India

[@CircuitBread]

Thanks!

[@LaplacianFourier]

Nice

[@sakifhossain5424]

Loved your voice Mr

[@CircuitBread]

Thank you!!

[@DoraOmkar-xu7zg]

Yeah it is helpfull🎉😊

[@melodyzhang245]

Great explanation of the band gap. Thank you! Do you have knowledge in the perovskite semiconductor field?

[@CircuitBread]

Hi Melody! Sorry, I only recognize the word perovskite from doing some reading about LEDs and solar panels - nothing in depth at all.

[@AJ-fo3hp]

Holes(vacant space) in valence band Near by electron in valence band moves to make current in valence band

[@ahmadsohib9410]

Could you explain how to define CBM and VBM when a trap state or a middle state is generated in the band gap?

[@mrshodz]

Great video. But, what do you mean by giving electrons energy? How do you define energy?

[@abo-malek.]

Is there a practical experience with passing an electric current through a silicon chip doped with boron? P_ type

[@rafalzasada8826]

I really wanted to see those toasts pop up :)

[@CircuitBread]

Someday! Someday... 😀

[@kallapellydeepthi4772]

Sir explain about direct and indirect Band gap in semiconductor

[@davidlourensz4822]

Nice explanation - keep going and make more.

[@caixiahou2021]

Hi, there, your video is awesome, thanks so much for posting this, could I download it and share it with my friends in China?

[@aaaadit5155]

Caixia Hou u don’t need to ask for permission lol

[@denisleo9069]

Thank you for your videos. The presentation is really nice and it makes me curious about the other videos ! :D I still have a question if you have time. Why large band gap semiconductors like SiC are better than Si ? I mean if a narrow band gap needs less energy to make the electrons goes into the conduction band, why SiC would be better than Si as SiC has a larger band gap ?

[@CircuitBread]

That's a great question and one that I'd rather refer you to a good article rather than try and explain it in a KZbin comment. I recommend going to: www.wolfspeed.com/knowledge-center/article/importance-of-silicon-carbide-wide-bandgap I don't know who this company is but they have a good explanation on this topic. I hope it helps!

[@denisleo9069]

@@CircuitBread Thank you for your answer and I hope that your channel will work as good as you want :)

[@user-nt7ub1rw8d]

so if i am right free electron moves and create holes while other electrons fill the hole and that is how the current ae transpoted?

[@thecodelogin]

Can U Please Make A Breif Video About How Band Gap Develops In Any Atom Or Material With 2 To 3 Example.! I'll be Grateful.!

[@hsnade_2004]

Us the band gap big or the electrons or the bound is strong between the electron and the nuclei

[@KaladarSTUCHH-]

When there are equal number of free electrons and holes will it be classified as electron flow or hole flow? During electron flow it will also create hole flow right? when hole flow it will also be electron flow right? How do define whether something is electron flow or hole flow?

[@ravipaswan8597]

Who else waited for the bread to pop out till the end

[@sabaresand7309]

Hi, Thank you very much for your explanation, I understood the valence band is the outermost shell of an atom, then what is exactly the conduction band, is it one of the shells of an atom? or where the free electrons are present that we call C.B?

[@CircuitBread]

The conduction band is made up of electrons that are NOT firmly attached to any atoms but just kinda "float" around in what is considered a "sea of electrons". Hopefully that clarifies things!

[@hematitic]

I might have missed it but does the conduction band show up anywhere in the Bohr model/diagram? I feel like it appeared in this video without being introduced.

[@CircuitBread]

The conduction band is based on the Bohr model, but it wasn't touched on in this video. I've considered doing another video focusing on that, but I would need to get back to Dr. Campbell for her specialist help because I know I couldn't explain it well enough with my current understanding.