Semiconductors - Physics inside Transistors and Diodes

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

To see subtitles in other languages: Click on the gear symbol under the video, then click on "subtitles." Then select the language (You may need to scroll up and down to see all the languages available). --To change subtitle appearance: Scroll to the top of the language selection window and click "options." In the options window you can, for example, choose a different font color and background color, and set the "background opacity" to 100% to help make the subtitles more readable. --To turn the subtitles "on" or "off" altogether: Click the "CC" button under the video. --If you believe that the translation in the subtitles can be improved, please send me an email.

[@quastrend]

A big fan of your videos. Hope your future video will cover on Quantum Computing, Mechanics of Block chains, Shor Algorithms, etc

[@TechnoSan09]

Eugene please upload a vid on why breakdown occurs in reverse bias in diode

[@iringhosh5810]

Ma'am please make vdos on big Bang theory🙏

[@rarerubber]

NICE AWES0ME C00L_🍨

[@chankokkeong802]

I put my heart and my soul into Physics after watching this channel. Nothing's boring in this universe if you tell a good story.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad to hear that my videos have made such a big impact. Thanks.

[@physicslover1950]

Sir Eugene make videos that are so spiritual and soothing for my heart and mind. We had forgotten about the beaty of this universe but sir Eugene changed your thinking and made us see the beauty of universe in his animations

[@Mernom]

I think you meant 'if you tell a good story'.

[@chankokkeong802]

@@Mernom You’re right! It sounds more correctly.

[@seandafny]

YES !!

[@shirshak6738]

Eugene is back. I started watching him 5 years ago and still watch today :D thanks for this experience .

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you like my videos. Thanks.

[@firstcommenter202]

He or she?

[@milesprower6641]

@@firstcommenter202 The videos are made and narrated by two different people.

[@ardd.c.8113]

@@milesprower6641 people? Transistor voices

[@xyzct]

Brilliant, as always. This, and 3blue1brown, are two of the most enlightening channels on KZbin. Thank you, sir!

[@ArunSukumar]

Check out Engineering Explained too....☺️

[@xyzct]

@@ArunSukumar, great, thanks! I just subscribed.

[@ammess2033]

checkout Veritasium explaining how transistors work! Also amazing

[@xyzct]

@@ammess2033, I'll check that out right now. Thanks!

[@bunukalashrestha9575]

Thanks for informing about 3blue1brown.......I have been searching for that type of channel for ages......

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You can help translate this video by adding subtitles in other languages. To add a translation, click on the following link: kzbin.info_video?ref=share&v=hrpPKCDLRN0 You will then be able to add translations for all the subtitles. You will also be able to provide a translation for the title of the video. Please remember to hit the submit buttons for both the title and for the subtitles, as they are submitted separately. Details about adding translations is available at support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en Thanks.

[@PrinceSharma-xf7pm]

Hey Eugene..u and ur content,both r marvellous..i have a request please make intiuitive video on LS coupling and JJ coupling in atomic spectra...please reply if u can.. A big thank u, n u deserve more n more what u have :) #StaySafeEUGENE in this critical pandemic age..i will pray

[@macxfadz]

THank you very much,

[@johnnyraycornelljr.2462]

1 quark is for the strong nuclear bonding Force. 1 quark is for the weak nuclear bonding Force. 1 quark is for gravitation. The 1 quark for mass . Gravitybeing mono polar should be obvious to anyone who has studied gravity. With the electron interactions with the proton and neutron this covers all the forces of nature and is the grand unified theory.

[@abhinavbhat5882]

Please make videos on dc and ac machines.

[@ChadzillaIV]

Our lord and saviour has posted once more

[@jnr2349]

Even if this is supposed to be comical it is cringey and gives way to actual worshipping and illogical fandoms

[@ChadzillaIV]

That comment was kinda cringe bro, you might wanna delete that

[@Alexander-mh2ky]

@@jnr2349 how dare you blaspheme against our lord! CRINGE

[@arafhraaj603]

Ha ha ha... You people make God anyone anytime you want. But the truth is, Only true creator is one and He is not atom or molecule like us but He can create it. It will make sense because science proves an atom can not create another atom. Whole life you waste by reading huge unnecessary books but don't have much time to read the summary of 4 major religious book to judge which one is correct... Do you think Creator of the universe will do nothing if people tell lies without research?

[@ChadzillaIV]

@@arafhraaj603 Damn that's crazy dude too bad I did all that and I found direct evidence that there wasn't a creator, you might need to look a little harder. You probably haven't read enough theology.

[@michaellorton8099]

The genius of this video is the depiction of the rising and lowering electron energy levels with the differing 1) N or P doping; 2) voltages applied across the diodes; 3) direction of applied voltages; and 4) location of contacts allowing current flow. For those of us who are right hemisphere and cerebellar thinkers, this makes it very memorable. It just makes sense to see the electrons having to struggle to move up steeper or less steep energy level “hills”. Well done.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@hajarmouqadem7671]

The music on your videos personally keeps me more concentrated and curious throughout the length of the videos. Thank you so much for this extraordinarly instructive content!

[@k17dtvt]

Hi, Did you know the name of this track? I fall in concentration by this violin.

[@xcross8537]

School without going to school. Thank you so much for taking your time to educate world wide curious minds 😊

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@rustybolts8953]

Having experienced a traumatic childhood and lousy education; I am one of many recovering ignoramuses or egnorolics even, cause most get turned off physics and math for life. Thanks to brain plasticity and the net, we can recover. Cannot thank Eugene and team enough for their great service to humanity, now and for generations yet unborn...

[@apoorvbagal2936]

Stay safe Eugene!We need you

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I hope you stay safe too.

[@GStar1]

This is what I wanted! Please make a video for LASER also if possible

[@rykehuss3435]

and MASER

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. Lasers are on my list of topics for future topics.

[@crackyflipside]

I thought the same thing before reading your comment! Would love to see his style of explanation for laser/maser

[@physicslover1950]

O yes laser. Seriously I also wanted that video as soon as possible .

[@ravindrasahu8738]

You are super creative Eugene! The best intuitive video ever watched about the PN junction diode and NPN transistor. keep creating this kind of content to solidify the base of upcoming science students.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thank you very much. More videos are on their way.

[@physicslover1950]

Ravindra Sahu Yes i haven't seen such a professional teacher like sir Eugene. Very crystal clear concepts.

[@crashfactory]

Semiconductors were a tough thing to get my head around in electronics class, the professor was great, but couldn't explain the physics. This will likely be my new mental model. Thanks!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad my video was helpful. Thanks.

[@crashfactory]

@Felix Carpio i have found that if I have a good mental model of *how* something works, rather than remembering facts, I can run rings around the people who only use tote memorization. Don't remember it, understand it. Additionally, you're much less likely to be able to use devices/tools outside of their intended uses if you don't actually understand them. With a deeper understanding, you can make better predictions about untested situations. Lastly, it's simply fun to understand the world as well as you can.

[@rsmrsm2000]

Excellent graphics and explanations. It is difficult to find in-depth explanations about this. This video shows in a simple and well explained way how these semiconductors work. I've been looking for this for a long time. It's always good to share knowledge in an accessible way. Thank you and congratulations.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks!

[@semiconductorsinarabic4090]

Plz more on semiconductors! I adore this channel🥰 i hope you all are safe and healthy!♥️♥️

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Yes, I plan to eventually make more videos dealing with semiconductors. Thanks. I hope you and your family are safe and healthy too.

[@semiconductorsinarabic4090]

Thanks a lot ♥️

[@danielwerner1405]

I had a lecture about semiconductors at university and I learned about it at school but nothing gave me a picture about its functionality as nice as this video! Really happy I found this channel.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@角翼-j1e]

Great! I wish I had met this video in my student days...

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you liked my video. Thanks.

[@annp.r7218]

Thank you so, so much. These are the best animations and explanations I have come across for physics. What I previously thought were just dull words on paper have turned into beautiful new ways of thought and exploration. You are a hero and an inspiration.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliments. I am glad you like my explanation and my animations.

[@heisenbergsdog1630]

I love the quantized aspect of the visualization. Between the energy levels, but also between the available positions the electrons and holes can take in space.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you like my visualization.

[@AngadSingh-bv7vn]

This video had helped me sooooooooooo much when I tried to understand this chapter at school because gravitational potential energy is something every large organism can intuitively understand and it is a perfect analogy so these animations are absolutely amazing at explaining the PN junction and transistors.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad my video was helpful. Thanks.

[@diegodiaz3341]

Electrons fill holes in energy bands and you fill holes in basic physics for engineering students who were to inmature to pay attention in the early stages of their careers, you magnificent bastard, you did it again, this is what internet is supposed to be for, thank you.

[@vaheakli4551]

Прекраснейшая визуализация вопроса, долго меня мучавшего, спасибо!) Я не изучал физику на серьезном уровне, но всегда было интересно как все устроено, спасибо за ваш канал!

[@shubhanshukaroliya]

After long time I got notification of your video sir. But as usual the quality of content is top class again video is so much informative and helpful. Thankyou

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@b43xoit]

Three-valued logic, arithmetic, and storage would make another interesting topic.

[@Hadi-zw9mb]

I would just like to inform you your channel is the only one on youtube I have watched all videos because the way you illustrate your animations is far better than the other ones.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment and I am glad to hear that you have watched all my videos.

[@siddharthjain3078]

This staircase animation seemingly gives a sense of thrill. Seems like we are watching a classic movie or game of unpredictable stairs.

[@KBtek]

Physics is one of my favorite subject 😍😍😍 animation that you are making is great

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@Farb_dk]

Long ago, a prophecy was told. A man with such high intellect would appear every other century for a few minutes only, to grace us with the light. Rejoice fellow men, for this day has come, and Eugene is back!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for that really great compliment.

[@Farb_dk]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky No compliment here, only truths. The priestesses said so

[@physicslover1950]

Sir Eugene is a person who spreads light in the darkness

[@everythingbuthair]

im passing chemistry because of you 😭 thank you so much for your time and energy. you've helped inspire my passion for physics more than i could've ever imagined. now im looking at material scientist grad school programs !! would love more semi conductor videos, maybe colligative property videos, thermochemistry, or similar phase change chemistry topics from a physics perspective. take care!!!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad my videos have been helpful. I plan on making additional videos on semiconductors and the other topics. Thanks.

[@akh345]

This is absolutely amazing!! I wish this video existed a few years ago when I was studying this. I wanted to point out that this electron level stacking visualization thing shown by Eugene is MUCH deeper conceptually than it may seem. Say, see some electrons "falling down" at 9:05? this is how LED works!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my video.

[@seandafny]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky Eugene u are truly amazing

[@kummer45]

And these are the people who deserves respect and admiration. He fights to keep the scientific society alive. Our scientists, engineers, architects, Doctors and of course those humble works like delivery, food service, mail man, repair man are all equally useful. We learned at last that every job should be respected.

[@kagazki7026]

This channel DESERVES way more subscribers.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@kubafrank96]

Ahhh this gets released just as I'm finishing my semiconductor module! Great visual aid to see what's going on behind the maths and models!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad my video was helpful. Thanks.

[@jiangxinauto]

One of the most intuitive video ever watched, thanks for this perfect explanation!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you liked my explanation.

[@ddddd-z1d]

This is way better than most of textbooks!!!!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@darrylkid210]

5:10 So just to get this clear, the sporadic presence of holes gives the appearance of moving positive charges although the protons stay fixed?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Yes, that is correct.

[@jithinpaulson]

Protons and holes are unreleted... holes are just representations of absence of electrons. Pls correct me if im wrong..

[@roselynnwood4657]

@@jithinpaulson Yes you are correct. But since absence of electrons means positive charge, it is a movement of positive charge and some people misunderstand it as movement of protons so thats why he cleared that

[@rubeniraheta6067]

Great video! I started watching you in my undergrad and continue to do so well into my career. Your videos help make things so intuitive!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you like my videos.

[@Tlelkina]

I was watching videos about electromagnetism from playlist "Electricity videos in order", and all of them were like five years ago. And then I stumble across this video, that was posted only two weeks ago. I feel lucky to see it now when it is relevant to me.

[@X19-x5f]

Another great video. You are a genius at teaching and creating videos to clearly explain complex topics.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment and I am glad you liked my video.

[@Jack-cc6sf]

This is a really good watch; it explains the content quite well especially with the graphics

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@mujamilmukthar317]

Yiu are simply grt.. this is the most questioned concept in my entire electronics course... Finally im convinced before my soul leaves....❤😅

[@tfuka4811]

Hello, Eugene I'm happy to see your new video! And thanks for approving my translation

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thank you very much for providing the translation for this video and for all the other videos.

[@ashleyadair2850]

your videos inspires me to study physics with all my heart

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad that my videos help inspire you.

[@50adityaraut9]

great explanation........your animations makes it so easy to understand such concepts❤

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you liked my explanation.

[@CoolGear12]

You're easily one of the most important and greatest youtube channels ever. All hail the legend 🤲

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@hariohm1415]

U know other youtube channnels ? Pls let me know

[@elhamkhorasani7844]

Wow, this is a very usual video. It explains the n-p-n transistors very easily. Thanks a lot!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you liked my video. Thanks.

[@elhamkhorasani7844]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky How did you show the migration of the holes from P- type material to N- type material?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I don't understand your question. How I showed the migration can be seen in the animation.

[@elhamkhorasani7844]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky I can see how the electrons move from n-type to p-type materials in different sites. In the textbooks, they show the hole migration by the movement of the positive charges which denote holes. Here, could we show the hole migration from p- type to n- type materials with the movement of the protons?

[@plankmax8748]

This video is a blessings for me. Thank you so much ❤

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you liked my video.

[@hariohm1415]

The most wanted video on youtube.. Kudos your work✌👍👍

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. Glad you like my videos.

[@ramiromillanfraile7399]

Ohh thank you so much for this video! I´m studying semiconductor physics and ill have an exam soon. Your videos are amazing, they help me understand physics and see the beauty of it. Best regards!!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad my videos are helpful. Thanks.

[@NondescriptMammal]

One great visualization and clear explanation after another. You sir make the most useful and efficient educational videos I've ever seen.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my videos. I am glad you like them.

[@aghaabbas6845]

You're relativity video got me hooked back in 2013

[@Green24152]

Wrong one. It’s “Your” in this case, not “You’re”.

[@umermehmood342]

one of the extraordinary videos I have ever seen in my life.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad you liked my video. Thanks.

[@yasserhamada2059]

Thank you Eugene from Egypt 🇪🇬 I hope you are well 😍

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I hope you are well too.

[@bradydeslippe1700]

Even with what could be considered a solid grasp on this material. These videos are refreshing and provide a clean perspective. Thank you.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my videos.

[@vejymonsta3006]

Best educational video on semiconductors I've ever seen

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my video.

[@alexrvolt662]

the little animation at the very beginning helped me understand more than long documents and videos on the subject :D

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad that my animations were helpful.

[@miladjl5790]

as a PhD student in condense matter physics I must say your videos are really fantastic. I will share the link inside physics department group. Thanks

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my video, and thanks for sharing the link to it.

[@firstcommenter202]

This is a very superb video. Hopefully can see more other type of semiconductor devices.

[@Cyberbully34]

I don't know why, but the electrons are kinda adorable.

[@marcoantoniomanes5073]

Very,very Good. More than an explanation of electronics, it is a course of english, to me ,here from Brazil.I anderstood all she said, with this measured and perfect pronunciation. thank you.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@coloradowilderness3139]

Waiting for long time for this. Thanks a lot.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you enjoyed it.

[@VoidHalo]

I love the new graphics format you've used for this video. I would definitely like to see more videos in this style. Especially a video about the different mechanisms of electrical breakdown.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I plan to make more videos dealing with semiconductors in the future, using this format.

[@jkinkamo]

Thanks, this is an essential lecture indeed! For the newcomers as well as for the folks from the valve era. The latter ones (like me) have probably forgotten the "voltage model" of the bipolar devices and instead are dealing only with the current model. And that does not explain enough the base region behaviour. Back in the 80's they taught us valves first thus probably easier to jump directly to the PNP-bipolars (e.g. 12AX7A => AC128). Were this video available that time it would have been much easier to understand the working of a transistor, i.e. without the valve analogue. I truly recommend this video, especially the requirement for a thin P-type base region biased to conduct (at 11:00) in order to get the device working.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you liked my video. Thanks.

[@devakideshmukh8415]

thank you so very much . was struggling to understand this topic and the visualisation really helped me ........

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad my video was helpful. Thanks.

[@usefz89]

Remember the Quantum explanation from this channel, it was awesome. glad you are back. with another great video. Keep it up

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@pantherplatform]

It's amazing how much brain power it took to develop transistors. I know how they work in a circuit but the theory of why they work is mind blowing.

[@pantherplatform]

@Sjd567 Gj57 touché

[@lit3plumber12]

These are the fundamental mechanics of physics... And I was never taught about this in school!

[@focus_on_X]

I have a Electronics Engineering degree but this is by far the best visualization I've seen in the course of my life.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my video.

[@semmering1]

You are so excellent. We love your videos all over the world, it´s united fascinations. Greetings from Vienna.. Stay healthy and thank you for hours of beautiful physics lessons.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment and I am glad that you like my videos. I hope you and your family stays healthy too.

[@mohammedhany7431]

Awesome video! I was just wondering about the direction of the electric field here 8:13. Shouldn't the field be from the fixed positive charges at the N type to the fixed negative charges at the P type?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

The arrow was not showing the direction of the electric field, but the direction of the electric force on the electrons, which is in the opposite direction of the electric field (because electrons are negatively charged). Thanks for the compliment about my video.

[@tomroose7733]

Really does make you think where we will be in say 100 years time, with regards to semiconductors. Especially once we finally have a better understanding of how to utilise materials such as Silicon Carbide, Graphene or Diamond. The future is bright! Thanks for the amazing videos! I learn things from them and I’m an Electrical Engineer who works in the Semiconductor industry

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliments about my videos.

[@b43xoit]

Probably extinct.

[@tomroose7733]

@b43xoit aha yeah your probably correct...

[@WilliamDye-willdye]

It helps me to think of the bigger picture: the goal is to control the flow of electricity with... electricity. Mechanical switches are slow, so we need a device that can change states between conducting well and conducting badly, and the change of state must be set using only electricity.

[@JohnDoe-fg9ng]

What is crazy is now chips in phones and computers have BILLIONS of these transistors on something the size of a quarter and they are all interconnected three dimensionally.

[@vikramnagarjuna3549]

Maam, this is vikram from India, This is lockdown time due to Corona virus please post more videos. Because I love physics after watching your videos

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

More videos are on their way. Thanks.

[@BushCampingTools]

As always fantastic!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@KK-rg3nj]

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! this is exactly what I wanted I could never visualize why the base current was always lesser in comparison to the collector current thus made my day.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad my video was helpful. Thanks.

[@TechnoSan09]

Eugene please upload a vid on why breakdown occurs in diode in reverse bias

[@jbw6823]

I took devices from Jim Plummer at Stanford. We used Ted Kamins book. I was working at HP Labs at the time and Ted was one of my colleagues! I could walk over to his desk and ask him questions! John Moll was there too!! I was sooo lucky.

[@The--V]

Another masterpiece !!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@subramanianganesan4356]

Great to see a video from you after a long time..... May your service reach new heights ... ...... It would be nice if you put more videos on Nuclear Physics.....

[@threeuniquefingers]

It's all great but, I would like to see a more indepth explanation about why and how the electrons jump into the higher band. For example, I just couldn't get how the energy level of e- is increased or decreased due to the voltage applied?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

They jump to the higher band due to the energy from the thermal vibrations.

[@b43xoit]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky What would happen at 3 millikelvin? Can rectifiers and amplifiers be constructed to work in that regime?

[@dawnbern2917]

Trying to figure out the creepy AI voice, maybe I'll get used to it eventually, maybe it's just easier to write it down then let artificial voice say it than to use your own voice, Eugene? Regardless thank you the cartoon is amazing:-) one suggestion, would be to add that the orbital Theory with the periodic table explains The "forbidden" part.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

It is not a computer voice. It is a real person. This is written on the screen at the end of the video.

[@halmirofigliolo1637]

I am really confused because you usually associate height to voltage... In this case positive height referes to negative voltage, right?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Yes.

[@mnada72]

This is epic that left me speechless 😍 Thanks a ton.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@nimaamini8060]

I wish I could support your channel and your awesome videos! I love this channel Never disappointed me with content! Videos like this make me feel like I've found some gold mine! Just thank you🤗

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you like my videos.

[@quastrend]

Awesome! Hope you can cover Quantum Computing, Block chains, Shor Algorithms in future..

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. Quantum computers are on my list of topics for future videos.

[@alegian7934]

Thank you for this video! I struggle so much with this topic. Is there somewhere where you list the music you play in these videos? Great work

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you liked my video. The music in this video is from the free KZbin audio library, and the names of the songs are the following. Wedding_Invitation Pachabelly

[@narmadhasivakumar1736]

Can anyone explain me how energy difference is created between pn due to electric field and how does it increases in reverse biased

[@gpcrawford8353]

Interesting junction diodes were developed during WW2 for use in radar sets in a mixer circuit. The elementary cats whisker was too delicate to use one key technology in this was the art of zone refining to obtain pure materials. This allowed Shockley Brattain et al at Bell telephone labs to develop the first working transistor al be it using a kind of cats whisker as it was a point contact device . This was some what delicate and soon superseded by junction devices. Later on coaxial fabrication manufacturing techniques were devised eventually leading to integrated circuits. This video brilliantly illustrates the theory of how diodes and transistors work.

[@zackzack4935]

Missing you, thanks for a new video. Always watches your videos, they are great. 👍👍👍

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@metasmos]

Very nice visualization, Eugene could you please make a video explaining superconductivity and levitation?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

That is on my list of topics for future videos. Thanks.

[@rigorouselectronics8089]

I love the fact that I took this course at the same University as Eugene.

[@DBM16]

May god bless you guys to prosper beyond your imagination.. Never stop sharing...🙏

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I appreciate that. More videos are on their way.

[@tractatusviii7465]

A very timely post, thank you

[@taylorlangley900]

Thank you this video helped me understand so much vs just looking at diagrams in the textbook.

[@borisdibrov302]

I wish to see the world around me like Eugene does.

[@kulsoomahmed9131]

Can you please add a topic of quantization of energy in you photoelectric effect video and can we have wavelengths less than plank length . I heard that when the wavelength getts smaller than the plank length the light is converted into mass. So please also explain thr mass energy relation in terms of quantum mechanics in your photoelectric effect video . Tell us what are these fundamental constants of plank length ,plank time, plank energy and plank temperature.

[@rishisharma5827]

Thanks Eugene😁

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You are welcome and thanks.

[@venkataramanarishikesan8104]

Wonderful video! But do conductors also have an energy gap?

[@Kiran-el7ch]

Now I've understood to some extent the internal Operation of a Transistor after many years of Confusion. I've understood why Emitter-base junction is forward-biased and Collector-base junction is Reverse-biased for a Transistor to act as an Amplifier through this 3D animation. A forward-biased Base-Emitter Junction increases the Fermi Energy level of the base of npn Transistor there by overcoming EBJ Barrier potential. What I still don't get is why a BJT is called a current-controlled device rather than a voltage-controlled device. I mean how does a flow of tiny base current effects Emitter to collector current. Brilliant work Sir . Kudos

[@claudeabraham2347]

The collector current is controlled by the emitter current, not base current. The current control model is a 1st order approximation, but for high speed operation, or saturated switch operation, the charge control is the preferred model.