Barbarians: Is The LATIN Correct?

Link to the video from Luke from ScorpioMartianus on his second channel, polýMATHY channel • Barbarians EPISODE 1 -...
Ancient Rome was originally an Italic settlement dating from the 8th century BC that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.
Ancient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern government, law, politics, engineering, art, literature, architecture, technology, warfare, religion, language and society. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France.
The Navy was significant in the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean Basin. During the First punic war the Roman Navy was bolstered and played an instrumental role in the Republic's victory and supremacy in that area. During the imperial period there was no maritime enemy for the Romans, so the Navy was reduced in numbers and tasked with patrol and escort missions. In the 3rd century, when the Empire declined, the Navy was diminished too and from that moment on it wasn's capable of resisting the assaults of the barbarians pirates rising in the Mediterranean.
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[@caldeandrade69]

Alternative title: "REAL Roman soldier reacts to 'Barbarians'"

[@wraithface4410]

Very good

[@AnhTrieu90]

ROMA INVICTA!!!!!!!!!!

[@velveteensallet949]

Senātus Populusque Rōmānus!

[@elmoknows7]

I Agree

[@Bopoeoaelic]

INCREDIBILIS

[@francesconecci3087]

The 14 dislikes are barbarians who don't want to pay taxes to Rome.

[@Bruh-hq1hx]

I almost wouldnt pay taxes to rome if lived a bit more north

[@este6696]

@Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake Sioux no

[@marjet2228]

@@Bruh-hq1hx Well, they paved the roads, they protect you from other tribes, they had baths and circuses in the arena, so I wouldn’t mind the 20 cattle or the amount of wheat.

[@Bruh-hq1hx]

@@marjet2228 i mean i would live directly across the rhine if i lived more north the rhine was pretty wild back then but i could trade with them and maybe my tribe could be friends because they and the romans would be trading its no military alliance but it could work out. So i could be free from roman taxes but still be able to profit from their stuff because i can go there easily and sell them stuff for it

[@rileyernst9086]

They'll be dealt with accordingly.

[@ludovicdujardin5676]

This Roman soldier must have spent some time in Britania to speak the local language so well.

[@nomnom7697]

the language of Britain wasn't English or Saxon language back then.

[@ludovicdujardin5676]

@@nomnom7697 Thank you. It was H-U-M-O-U-R. Relax, go to West !

[@nomnom7697]

@@ludovicdujardin5676 quite different understanding of humour.

[@ludovicdujardin5676]

@@nomnom7697 sure there is a difference of understanding of sense of humour. I HAVE ONE.

[@nomnom7697]

@@ludovicdujardin5676 there is also that thing which people have on some topics called (what was it???) maybe ''OPINION'' and no offense but I say I didn't like your understanding of humour.

[@gulli72]

Roman: "You have three days." German: "Under the table I am pointing my Walther directly at your testicles." Roman: "Why would you point your Walther at my testicles?"

[@patroitcat097]

Hahahahaha good one

[@gulli72]

@@ewoud8 kzbin.info/www/bejne/bmemnJtuZdJ_orM And on that occasion turns out he uses a Walther, not a Luger, so, correction issued.

[@ewoud8]

@@gulli72 Thanks!

[@vincentnin1]

dominic deccoco

[@minhducnguyen674]

Sie sind so deutsch wie diese Scotch.

[@ireallyshouldntbehereltd7814]

Anyone else want weekly lessons in Latin from the Metatron in full armour just for the hell of it? This was fascinating.

[@TealWolf26]

That Lorica is my favorite thing ever.

[@ailouros24]

only if i can wear armour too.

[@nokta7373]

Gief ༼ つ ◕_◕ ༽つ

[@trapperscout2046]

Yes. I would love that. And occasionally in Lorica Hamata.

[@Jason32Bourne]

I very much do!

[@thadtuiol1717]

Surely Season 2 will be titled, "The Empire Strikes Back"

[@archangelrsr1326]

Ahhhh, the Empire Strikes Back was always my favorite movie, because the rebel scum finally pays for the murder thousands of imperial citizens when they destroyed the Death Sta- ehh I mean Peace Keeper Star... (just kidding)

[@stefanosoletta9242]

@@archangelrsr1326 YES. REBELS = TERRORISTS

[@kuzakani4297]

xD im sure they will

[@matusmotlo3854]

And then make a series about the migration period titled "Return of the Barbarians"

[@ivandevera7665]

@@matusmotlo3854 bruh

[@REplayer001]

Man adorned from head to toe in full roman legionnaire armor, just because. Sitting at his computer and reviewing latin language on some netflix tv show. This is top quality content youtube needs

[@NicholasShanks]

Metatron an Italian, explaining to other Italians how Italian sounded in Italia 2000 years ago, but using English to do so. 🙃

[@daciaromana2396]

Latin*

[@NicholasShanks]

@@daciaromana2396 🤫 shhhh

[@daciaromana2396]

@@NicholasShanks Ruined your joke didn't I.. heeheehee

[@empyrionin]

Quid! Dic iterum!

[@TheSorcerer1]

Well it's not like Italians are the only people who speak Italian. Moreover, other people watch Metatron rather than just Italians.

[@ctam79]

Comments becomes "chomments"...

[@danthiel8623]

Heheheh

[@michelguevara151]

somments*

[@Taistelukalkkuna]

Chertainly.

[@joaquinandreu8530]

Not if you were from Caesaraugusta, for example.

[@vojtik135]

@@joaquinandreu8530 Do you mean Seeza Ogust?

[@LarryGarfieldCrell]

Metatron getting angry about the Vatican's influence in Italy while in the middle of getting excited about the nuances of Latin pronunciation is the content I'm here for.

[@archangelrsr1326]

I totally understand Metatron's anger: it is a shame that our language is violated by this new monotheist heretic cult... how are they called again ... christians? This cult surely is just a temporary phenomenon... Heheheheheeee *laughs in Latin; starts crying in Italian*

[@lucianopivetta6066]

@@archangelrsr1326 2020 years and counting, friend!

[@budibausto]

If you are a true Italian, you cannot like the Church

[@lucianopivetta6066]

@@budibausto really, now? Because the Pope stood bravely against those thugs also known as the piemontese king and that criminale Garibaldi?

[@budibausto]

@@lucianopivetta6066 No. It is because the Church it always been against an United Italy. Most of the Popes did everything possible to put Italians against eachothers. If the church moved for good to Avignon, Italy could have become a Nation way before the 19th century and a power to reckon.

[@mikealgiers7852]

Italians: man the pronunciation in this show is whack. Metatron: *so you have chosen death*

[@ludicer122]

🤣

[@matthewsweeney9720]

I am so glad that you talked about how some Italians are oblivious to the fact that classical Latin pronunciation even existed. While I was studying abroad in Rome, my host parents ridiculed the way I pronounced Latin. I was convinced that I had learned Latin incorrectly, and I could never reconcile this.... until now! Thank you!!

[@giulianoilfilosofo7927]

Both pronunciations are correct, they simply refer to different time periods. I Personally Find ecclesiastical Latin absolutely superior and far more elegant than classical Latin, also because we have No real evidence of how classical Latin sounded Like, there is No point in even comparing them.

[@DeandreSteven]

@@giulianoilfilosofo7927 Eouldnt you just compare it to Romanian?

[@St1cKnGoJuGgAlO]

@@giulianoilfilosofo7927 metatron (and others) has a whole video debunking your statement. There are plenty of writings telling us how the words where pronounced

[@Stoirelius]

@@giulianoilfilosofo7927Oh boy, you are so wrong

[@LC-wv7tz]

@@giulianoilfilosofo7927 You are so uninformed....

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks so much for the shoutout! 🦂 🤠 Ahh your "lōrīca segmentāta" is perfection! It's so great to hear an Italian do this so well. 🤩 No one does it better.

[@greenmachine5600]

Big fan of your channel too. Hope you will collab more in the future

[@metatronyt]

Thank you my man!

[@aglassofwinedaily]

No one: ....... Romanians: lorica segmentata

[@nataliapetyk8281]

I'm from Ukraine and I've studied classical Latin in University few years ago. It was very impressive, very ... adorable to hear classical Latin in this TV show. And a big thumb up from Ukraine for such a great channel and video!)

[@metatronyt]

Thank you!

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

Ukraine. The land of my ancestors 😢😢😢

[@kolyan1980]

Дратуйте

[@ThePhantom712]

Natalie do u understand what the Metatron is talking about between the 2 Latins?

[@michaelkudelia4022]

I'm from Ukraine as well and kind of interesting in studying Latin as well. Can I write to you somewhere just to chat? :)

[@phans3943]

I'm a Latin teacher. Love what you are doing. Authoritative -- adding details of Italian urbis romae, Sicilian Italian, ecclesiastical Latin, and your passion. Very interesting. Thanks so much.

[@flaviovisconti4415]

I’m from Italy and my Latin professor taught me both ecclesiastical and classical pronunciation and I’m very glad of it 🦅

[@diegoveloso3rd]

We had Latin classes in highschool. The school being a Catholic one, we were taught ecclesiastical pronunciation. However, our teacher made it a point for us to know that ecclesiastical is not the pronunciation used by ancient Rome. As a side note in one of his lessons, he went through a couple of words and pronounced them in both so we would know the difference. Thank you Metatron for going into detail and helping viewers distinguish the two.

[@Mammel248]

Very grateful that I actually got Latin with actual classical pronunciation! It sounds much more beautiful in my opinion

[@diegoveloso3rd]

@@Mammel248 I agree! However my reasoning is more towards how the classical is a pronunciation that isnt common to my ears since im used to hearing Ecclesiastical from attending Catholic mass. Classical sounds so cool because its not what im used to. A unique sound overall!

[@manolomartinez5033]

TFW your catholic school doesn't teach you latin in high school.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

13:15 "Well, first, some people are just ignorant." 😂😂😂

[@gabrielruiz5955]

Salve magister!!

[@matheuspeixoto8689]

MAGISTER!

[@AlexIncarnate911]

Savage

[@roganmuldoon3357]

Two types of ignorance, those who genuinely do not know, and those who do not want to know.

[@assumjongkey1383]

Super savage!!

[@DiocletianLarius]

2:08 Or to a Spaniard or Romanian. Don't know about French but the rest of the linguas romances really nail up Latin pronunciation and got a lot in common. I watch the series as a Spanish speaker and I could even understand some of the phrases and translated them myself (even if I know jacksh*t about Latin), it was such a lovely thing!

[@user-gc3lo4fq7w]

Same. I'm portuguese, and when learning latin, i can go by heart most of the time.

[@FingalShamisen]

I'm really glad you liked it. I transalte movies for a living and was chosen to make Polish language VO script for this series. As I have a background in Classics, I had lots of fun translating all the Latin dialogue. Although I have a few issues with the English translation, for example "lupus vetus" being translated as "an old alpha male wolf" which is both anachronistic and rather silly.

[@Evil040]

As a Latin teacher I have been waiting for this video. In my point the pronunciation really is spot on. I‘m thinking showing this series my students. Not only did they a great job with the pronunciation, but also with the actual dialogue and style like the syntax and grammar: They use verbal constructions like the ablativus absolutus (filiis sublatis) and coniugatio periphrastica (Roma ... non amplius remissura(e)st). There are even jokes on the grammar of Fulkwin, like when he tells the Roman soldier he wants to bring Tusnejda „ad Varus“ instead of correctly „ad Varum“ I also noticed a translation mistake: In episode 3 [spoiler alert] when Metellus kills the German traitor, he quotes emperor Augustus: „Proditionem amo, sed proditorem non laudo“ it‘s translated as „I love treason, but I hate the traitor“. a more literal translation would be „I love treason, but I don‘t praise the traitor.“ Anyway, thank you Metatron for bringing Latin into the spotlight, so more young people might grow interest of it!

[@hdckdsadd]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/lZbRn2qEftRgiZI

[@the_rover1]

I thought this quote was by ceasar? at least I understood metellus was referring to g. iulius caesar. could be wrong, though

[@mrsalento78]

The Latin speaking in Barbarians has a correct pronunciation but 3 actors who speak Latin are italians ( Varus, Centurius Metellus and Quintus Tribune). For Italians is not a problem the Latin. The others are Arminius and Segestes, 2 Germans actors but with a very good pronuniciation too.

[@Evil040]

@@the_rover1 It is mentioned in Plutarch: Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata, Augustus 2. originally in greek: ‘ἐγὼ προδοσίαν φιλῶ, προδότας δ᾽ οὐκ ἐπαινῶ.’ Well, every Roman emperors official name was C. Iulius Caesar. For example Augustus name was "C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus"

[@markippo]

@@Evil040 Not every, but those adopted to gens Iulia, Tiberius remained as Tiberius Claudius Nero, Claudius and Nero (adopted to gens Claudia) as well. Apart from Augustus, only Caligula was known as Gaius Iulius Caesar. Some later Emperors liked to put this Caesar as wierd cognomen.

[@ebenmare4743]

Praises the latin in the series... Rants about where the vatican is at😂 i love this channel so much keep it up

[@ninjahombrepalito1721]

I would rant too XD

[@gauntlettcf5669]

Well, I'd say it's fair! The Vatican is geographically and culturally in Italy, so I don't get why people keep saying it isn't ^^;

[@RenegadeRanga]

He has a point.

[@Likexner]

He saod a few sentences aboutitand it was relevant.

[@vollelektrolysierer5773]

Uhm, the show itself does not have a translation error. The Roman "vel" is correctly subtitled as "or". It is a in-plot translation error as the Germanic translator says "und" (which is also correctly subtitled as "and"). That is intentional by the show's makers.

[@MarvinT0606]

so Varus' legionaries started a 500-year blood feud between Germans and Romans because of a minor mistranslation. Huh.

[@teaser6089]

@@MarvinT0606 Wouldn't be the first time hahhahaha

[@derdingsreturnsnochmal5177]

Haven't seen the scene until now: Segestes (the translator) actually doesn't make an error. Not necessarily at least, as he doesn't translate the amount that is demanded. He just says: "The Romans want tribute. Cattle and grain." He probably didn't give a shit, because the demand was ludicrous either way.

[@teaser6089]

@@derdingsreturnsnochmal5177 And vs Or is quite a difference.

[@derdingsreturnsnochmal5177]

@@teaser6089 Yes, but my point is that he didn't even bother with the amount. If the CENTVRIO - or VARVS I guess - had demanded one cow and a pound of grain, to give an extreme example, that would have been far more acceptable than either. It seems to me that the mere fact that it was food, they wanted already made it unacceptable, cause the village had nothing to spare (if the Romans had, for example demanded a load of wood, than the villagers would probably still have been pissed, but could have provided it, by working some extra hours).

[@bogdanrc]

9:53 - Inglorious Basterds moment right there :)

[@procrastinator99]

That's exactly what came to my mind, too!

[@Charon-5582]

Spy!

[@MarvinT0606]

Metatron-"..but it doesn't matter" me: **gets flashbacks of Lt. Hicox getting shot to pieces**

[@Simte]

As a linguist and languages teacher I've always like to analyse every single aspect of the accuracy in these series as well as the intricacies of fictional languages. This video is truly great, thanks as usual Meta.

[@oldmanriver1955]

Bloody outstanding explanation and I will use it when teaching Ancient History. Thanx ( with an X - LOL).

[@math_7911]

Fictional as in Elvish or Klingon?

[@Simte]

I'm more into Alienese from Futurama, ahha jk. Qenya and Klingon are the most complete I have seen, they can be quite fun to learn.

[@SchmulKrieger]

@@Simte what's about Sindarin?

[@EliteGoosePlusOne]

This just makes me want a "How To Speak Like a Roman" series.

[@EliteGoosePlusOne]

or a "Roman Phrase of the Day"

[@putri7659]

I'm so proud that I made the likes to 69

[@thecaptain5026]

I'm Dutch, most people here know Dutch, German, English and a bit of French. Personally, I don't know much Latin. But I love how I recognize most of the words that are spoken. And I love everything from ancient Rome. The more you learn, the more you know how they shaped everyones history. I've re-watched this scene probably 20 times.

[@willfakaroni5808]

Do you understand Afrikaans?

[@thecaptain5026]

@@willfakaroni5808 Most of it yes.

[@Gab8riel]

Everything?

[@tiodichia5309]

I first found the barbarians clip when searching “Roman speaks proper Latin” into google. Needless to say, I found exactly what I wanted by clicking on this video afterwards. Great video. The Classical Latin at the end was truely spectacular to hear.

[@gonzachambi3937]

It's quite surrealist seeing a Roman Soldier talking about barbarians...using a notebook in front of him lol. Love the style you have to help us to have a different view of history.

[@MrAgamble]

Me, as a German, having only learned classical pronunciation of Latin in school: You guys learn different Latin? 😳

[@pedrosabino8751]

Arminius could not stop the roman advance completely, as i can see.

[@ksubota]

Germans just don't want to be fooled with this "cows and grain" thing again

[@greenmachine5600]

@@ksubota lol!!!

[@williamthekiller7219]

@@pedrosabino8751 he knew that.. In the show, he warned and advised his people....

[@pedrosabino8751]

@@williamthekiller7219 I was saying that although Arminius preventing the roman conquest of Germania the guy above was learning latin

[@RemaiHax]

Being french, I've learn latin with absolutely no influence from "Italian" ecclesiastical latin. So all the Romans sounded very accurate to what I've learned, and i found it incredibly good :)

[@Rolando_Cueva]

Wouldn’t you pronounce R differently tho?

[@MatthiasBuesing]

Absolutely outstanding video - thank you very much! Being german I had latin in school but in "Barbarians" I really heard latin being spoken. Sounds pretty italian to me, much more than I ever expected. All my efforts in schoon weren's in vain ;-)

[@Leo-ye1pc]

Funny thing is that the error with the cows and/or wheat is correct in the German subtitles whilst its wrongly translated by the German. Greatings from Germany Love your videos You motivate me to learn Latin for my history studies

[@conts8762]

I think that would be the way it's supposed to be, it shows the language barrier.

[@doublea1897]

In any case it sounds a like a lot of tribute to me.

[@MagyarBuszke]

Hungarian translation was good aswel. I was wondering why would they take both the wheat and the goats when the scene came.

[@eveningstar7048]

would be based if they got the germans to speak proto germanic lmao

[@Likexner]

The czech subtitles get it right too.

[@Esmoriiz]

I speak spanish from birth and i was amazed by how many words i could understand when they spoke latin.

[@SeisoSpazz]

Me too. We simply can guess most of the words.

[@pattheplanter]

The Spanish were said by the Romans to speak better Latin than the Romans did, because the Romans learnt Latin in the street and the Spanish learnt it in schools.

[@kleinjahr]

@@pattheplanter Same as people learning English as a second language. The proper formal language is always different from the street/vulgar version.

[@marcusviniciusmagalhaesdea3779]

Same in Portuguese

[@minerva9104]

Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Latin are all very similar to each other and if you know one learning another is relatively easy. As someone who speaks Portuguese I feel the same way whenever I read Spanish, I'm like "I have never studied Spanish but I can already understand half of what's written here". French and Romanian are super different languages though.

[@drewgormley6933]

Wow, what fantastic content! Deeply diving into the roots of the quality on the show. Well done!

[@kmshallaed8989]

This content is fascinating. I also wanted to mention that I love your retracted 's'. It's the same sound in Spanish and Icelandic, and it's not easy for people learning those languages to switch. As often as not they don't even notice the difference! Bravissimo.

[@kyomademon453]

Anglophones speaking latin... Flashbacks to Rome 2 where the greeks and romans spoke like posh brits almost threw up

[@christianweibrecht6555]

And someone who spent ALLOT of time playing Total war rome 2, I declare that it's voice acting it's just terrible All the voices sound like the company gave a white as paint bloke who's never left Britain's interior a $20 voice modulator

[@SimonRiley135]

@@christianweibrecht6555 Total war Room 69 🤣😂

[@HistoricalWeapons]

Why not English with Italian accent, ca?

[@Gabrong]

@Robzah you can have English voice with strange accents or English voice with a "would make sense to the character" voice or native voice and then you don't understand anything. And it would be a more difficult and expensive to find a native (or someone who can speak it correctly at least).

[@mieszko1985]

@@HistoricalWeapons Yep, would make much more sense

[@-_--ex9sz]

Italians: classical pernounciation is too do different from modern pernounciation! *Laughs in english*

[@SimonRiley135]

Rip Grammar and spelling

[@FireRupee]

@Aussie Chunda It's really not though. Each one was its own dialect group even then, and all three modern standard languages are different from the dialect groups as spoken 1500 years ago. English has undergone some vowel shifts which German hasn't, and German has undergone some consonant shifts which English hasn't, and so on. Old English, Old Frisian, Old Dutch, and Old German all have a lot of similarities.

[@paulmayson3129]

@@FireRupee And then you have Greek, which is basically spoken today just like it was 20 centuries ago, and the original texts of the Bible, especially of the New Testament are still read and understood today, even by old illiterate folks from remote rural areas. And often the script as writteny by the Apostles of Evangelists two millennia ago, mind you...

[@firingallcylinders2949]

Even going back 400 years modern day English speakers would have a hard time understanding someone speaking English back then.

[@nuissance8600]

@@paulmayson3129 its not really. Greek was a bit different in ancient times than they are today. It has come to the point that modern greeks cannot pronounce ancient texts correctly. I have met german students of greek lamguage who can pronounce ancient texts better than i can xd. This can be attributed to the Ottoman occupation, which resulted to greeks turning away from grand concepts in most of our culture, and resorting to more folk, rustic versions, whixh were easier to keep strong through the years through word of mouth, rather than text which was persecuted. Then came the attempt of the nobility and intellectuals to "remake" Greek into a more modern and regal language, which we call "Katharevousa". They attempted to restore an older version of the tongue and combine it with the Greek spoken by educated Greeks at the time. That leads to modern greek suffering from something similar to english, where the language is a mix of various previous versions of it.

[@markmooroolbark252]

I loved listening to you explain the way Latin was spoken in ancient Rome. Fascinating! I'm an Aussie and I have happily subscribed for more of this wisdom.

[@irena4545]

Man, I am totally sold! I only had the basics of Latin at university and we did non-Italian ecclesiastic pronunciation, but were taught about the classic, so I am totally thrilled that the show actually does that! And I LOVE your pronunciation!

[@lancecorporalveteran0621]

Its was a real experience listening to the Latin in this show and reminds me how I learned to speak spanish since its not my first language but it was spoken at home all my life so I understood it but when I married a women who only spoke spanish I was forced to learn so I essentially looked at all the Latin based words used in english pronunciation and walked it back into spanish pronunciation.

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

@What' Ev Modern English vocabulary is about 30% Norman French, badly pronounced. All those words come from Latin, of course, so if you learn a bit of phonetic evolucion of French, you can most of the times get them back into Latin and from there, if you know the phonetic evolution of Castillian, work them up to the Modern Spanish word. As a native Spanish speaker who struggled with French until I discovered this trick, I can attest it works.

[@caleumarques146]

10:19 very interesting, because in portuguese the word "Nunca" means "never", not "now" as the latin word "Nunc", really interesting.

[@wesltall1]

It comes from "numquam" (sometimes spelled "nunquam"). "Agora" comes from "hac hora", literally "this hour".

[@caleumarques146]

@@wesltall1 very interesting to know, thanks for explaining me :)

[@youresoroad9056]

@@caleumarques146 I'm a Filipino and a speak a Hispanic Creole, and "nunca" also means "never" instead of how the original latin word was like.

[@wesltall1]

@@forbidden-cyrillic-handle Well, you know what they say: "tomorrow never comes"...

[@sion8]

@@forbidden-cyrillic-handle You mean every Spanish speaker ever? I'm Colombian🇨🇴, by the way.

[@michaelbell3952]

17:23 funnily enough, the word kiss in old english was produced as Chyssen. The ch sound was much more common in old english compared to proto Germanic and we often have 2 word from the same pg word like bark and birch as well as rike(german riche) and rich.

[@roblouw3038]

Loved this - just finished watching the 2nd season - awesome production and the use of classical Latin is so intriguing - it gives a massive dose of authenticity to the series and kudos to all the actors for delivering on the Latin -

[@swedichboy1000]

I like Metatrons enthusiasm, must be a great sense of pride to be an heir to one of the greatest empires of all time.

[@Miolnir3]

the same could be said of those who are from the rest of ex roman provinces...even some emperors were from outside the peninsula... well, at least from Spain to Romania, because in the islamic states they don't take that much pride on it, it comes in third place after their islamic golden age (first) and whatever great civilization of their particular country (second): Carthage, Persia, Ancient Egypt, Babylon, Parthia, etc.

[@weisthor0815]

i didn´t know that the german word "Kaiser" is almost exactly pronounced like the classical original. interesting how some words survive all that time in another language.

[@DoraFauszt]

yeah that surprised me too! I almost thought he speaks German for a second.

[@JimKillock]

Also: wine, wall. (vinum, vallum) en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vallum#Latin en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vinum#Latin

[@weisthor0815]

@@JimKillock it´s not the same. we don´t say vinum or wallum. the root word is latin, but it differs from the original. kaiser doesn´t.

[@JimKillock]

@@weisthor0815 For sure; but the soft "w" sound survives, as the hard "k" does in Kaisar; hence I mean, the consonants are pronounced closer to the original in English than say in French or Italian (vin, vino). Note that Kaiser too isn't *exactly* the same, as the 's' would be soft in Latin, but is voiced in modern German.

[@alejandrovallejo6763]

Yeah, meanwhile "Tsar" eath half the sounds of the word Caesar.

[@damiananthony1656]

Dude, I have seen many of your videos, and you always make me laugh! Wonderful video! I knew you spoke Sicilian, Italian, and English, but somehow I missed your Latin videos. Thank you for sharing your expertise. Much love to you from the US.

[@fourthhorseman4531]

Your understanding and command of languages is most impressive. Loved the video. Thanks!

[@Rokaize]

I really hope this show does well. I want more authentic stuff like this on Netflix or in theatres. Did they get everything right? Of course not. But this show has so much effort and love put into making it authentic that it should be praised.

[@Iruka1991]

Yeah. It wasn't perfect but you can see the interest in trying to be historically accurate and we, as an audience, should praise that so we can get more.

[@GumaroRVillamil]

I think movie producers are listening to the public, and quite possibly youtube channels like the Metatron, Matt Easton, Lindy Beige, etc. Outlaw King, another Netflix production from a couple of years ago, was also fairly historically correct.

[@Rokaize]

@@Iruka1991 Exactly. I’ve seen some very harsh and frankly unreasonable criticism of this show. Problem is, if we are that ultra viscous with our criticism, and this show does poorly, then we can kiss any future historically accurate films good bye. The amount of effort involved in this show is incredible. All the armor, that was very accurately made, all the research involved with the equipment and clothing. And especially using classics Latin for the Romans, what a huge and frustrating undertaking that must have been.

[@Rokaize]

@@GumaroRVillamil I haven’t actually seen Outlaw King. But I think you’re right, these youtubers are important for us. Especially Matt, as he has consulted in the film industry and Im assuming he still does. While the film industry generally sucks, in my opinion, at least we are seeing a resurgence of films that care about the history.

[@tiefseehase9503]

As a german im still a little dissapointed that they make such an effort to use authentical Latin, but then used modern High-German for the Barbarians. Its sounds just wrong. They could at least have used Mittelhochdeutsch (Middle-High-German) which is well documented. It would help german viewers feel more immersive.

[@issynn5588]

In German Schools we learn the classical pronounciation and it felt so good to see (or rather hear) how the romans in the show speak proper Latin. I simply love the show

[@foreverraining1522]

Please do a latin reading series (cicero, caesar, pliny) etc, where you're just reading and translating. I could watch that EVERY day.

[@DedMan516]

I love how passionate you are about this topic!

[@baysword]

In the novel "I Cleopatra". Its mentioned the Cleopatra can speak barracks Latin. The latin of the soldiers. Was there really such a thing and was it different then what would be spoken in the city?

[@Old_Harry7]

Yes, back in the day you would have barracks latin, Urbe (city of Rome) latin and high aristocracy latin.

[@laterreurrouge1917]

So, pretty much like we see or rather hear everywhere: A language reflects the social class it is spoken in. I'd like to see Metatron do a video about those differences in latin/Italian language

[@Old_Harry7]

@@laterreurrouge1917 if I remember correctly he posted such video in the past.

[@laterreurrouge1917]

@@Old_Harry7 oh, then I must have missed it. I will dig for it !

[@eccoeco3454]

Yes, it's generally called Vulgar Latin (the Latin spoken by the Vulgus the people) and It describes anything that wasn't the highly artificial and self-controlled, purist and archaizing language spoken by roman aristocrats and politicians on official occasions (even the aristocrats didn't speak it all the time, in more unofficial occasions they would speak Sermo Familiaris, family speech, a more high-class form of non-official Latin we can catch a glimpse of it in cicero's letters) to make a comparison think of either the old transatlantic pronunciation of us politicians and radio/tv compared to actual American local English or the so-called Queen's English or Posh compared to actual British English.

[@edvard8449]

As soon as I heard Classical Latin in "Barbarians" I thought "oh, Metatron is gonna love this", it's also thanks to you that I could fully appreciate the Latin spoken in the series because I watched the video in which you talked about the difference between Ecclesiastical and Classical Latin. So, grazie!❤️

[@nolaha08]

Great stuff Metatron - very interesting. I love the way your armour starts rattling when you're getting excited about a subject!

[@Dogo72A]

Great Video. I absolutely love your digression about classical and ecclesiastical latin. I had no idea. Thank you!

[@Iruka1991]

This man is at two ecclesiastical misspronunciations from sacking the Vatican

[@f-man3274]

Vatichan

[@scratchy996]

Jupiter vult !

[@9999plato]

I guess that it's no small coincidence that the Germans had their Kaiser which sounds a great deal like Gaisa (what I hear) latin for Caesar.

[@slaiggmeron2847]

The origin of "Kaiser" is well known among germans (in my opinion), but I just read about the supposed origin of some other words like "Zar" (highest slavic ruler, from "Császár") or prince (english, french, later german "Prinz", from "princeps").

[@magister.mortran]

Of course it is the same word. Modern German only changed the spelling.

[@keyem4504]

Can you explain how we today know how they have spoken?

[@patrickm3981]

The german title "Kaiser" basically conserved the pronunciation from the romans. As german is in most cases written as it is spoken if the word is read it resemble basically how a latin speaker would read "Caesar". In medival times there were different ways how to spell it, like "Kayser" or "Keiser" but basically they all read very similar for a german speaker. As the title was originally reintroduced in the early medival they were still closer to the romans back then, as they are to us. So the pronunciation is close to the original.

[@Hombobli]

@@patrickm3981 Our Latin teacher once told us that the original pronunciation of Caesar had to have been Kaisar, because otherwise the german Kaiser would actually be a "Käser" (which means cheesemaker in german).

[@GawainSSB]

Super interesting video. Your passion on the topic shows and makes the video so much more engaging. Great job.

[@dimmekus1428]

This was fantastic, such great analysis!! Thank you!!!

[@tonil6757]

"You can literally bite a Panino, a sandwich, in Rome and swollow it in the Vatikan!" That made my day! P.S.: Your last 2min are about "vowel shifts" they are found around the world and I could go on for pages but you speak about "2000yrs ago" - well, I am good in german and understand a lot of dialects here, but still have to ask: "can you say that again in more high german, I don't understand you." But who switched first? Bavaria? Saxony? Chattia? I can probably tell by analysing old dialects and stories... but it is not "true". What was the "proto-germanic"-language like? I can state sassumptions, but can I prove it? No. Because we hadn't wax rolls here back in 13BC, we just skipped right to CDs in 1992. (sartiric comment but I admire your work and it gives good "push to think")

[@juanme555]

It truly shows how anti-civilization Germanic tribes were, by 80 A.D The Romans had already teached them how to write and read, yet, Germanics never though of documenting their own language and pronounciation at all, it might've been irrelevant for them at the time...but to us now, it's a crime against history, how frustrating it is that we'll never even get a rough estimation of what Germanic sounded like.

[@tommyhijmensen6257]

Could you also speak and understand swabian?

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

@@juanme555 It was a religious taboo - both the Celtic and Germanic priests placed a HUGE emphasis on learning by memory all the sacred hymns, and ancestry lines, and saying the correct words in the exact order at the exact time during their religious rituals. Both types of priests correctly deducted that widespread learning of reading/writing would lead to a diminished need for rotten memorization by the plebes, which in their eyes was a big no-no - hence why there are very very few examples of Celtic languages being written in ogham and also very very few examples of early Germanic languages written in runes: in both cases, only the priesthood and royalty were taught to read and write, everyone else... you'd better get that long hymn pronounced correctly, dammit! Source: Julius Caesar himself says this in his "Bello Gallico", in one part he state how very anti-writing the druids were, and in another part mentions in passing that Germanics had the same attitude

[@Hammadzli]

@@juanme555 or maybe they don't had any shit to right on?

[@AsierMadariaga]

Im spanish and I learnt latin when I was in high school. If I recall correctly we were actually taught the classical pronuntiation so I guess you can call me lucky. This video was a big nostalgia hit for me. Excellent job as always.

[@ulrichkamp6291]

Very enjoyable video! Thanks for bringing this show to my attention! Already 40 years ago our old Latin teacher would emphasize the known classical pronunciation and explain how we could know how Latin was spoken in classical times, and how it evolved into the ecclesiastical Latin. Later on we even had a look at the pseudo-Latin, or better a Latinized version of Italian in the 13th/14th century. Of course, the classical pronunciation would drive our Roman Catholic studies teacher crazy when reading ecclesiastic texts from some medieval source. Both were great teachers. Lots of fun, the god old carefree days. Thanks for bringing back these memories. And I would be totally down for a refresher course given by you ... but in armour! And the appropriate legionnaire armour for the various time periods!

[@aaronclemons2287]

Love you videos, thoroughly enjoy your work and efforts in history and culture. I have always been interested in art, architecture and warfare, knowing how we as a people have come from is truly riveting. I remember sitting in class in Highs school Advanced English and using the Oxford English dictionary and we each had to chose a word and find the origins. That has inspired me to always try and find where things came from. On a side note as a man sitting in Texas, the Vatican influences what books have been aloud in school, therefore it can easily influence the history that is told.

[@Within_Cells_Interlinked]

The side rant about the Vatican is pure gold. 😄

[@mioszjanda7917]

I get chills every time I hear Latin. Awesome video :) subbed. Greetings form Poland

[@metatronyt]

Welcome!

[@thomasvertommen9526]

Wow, this takes me back to my classes Latin over 12 years ago :D My Latin is incredibly rusty (even rustier than my Italian that I picked up in 1 year of college and travelling through Umbria) but somehow, I'm still able to infer the meaning of texts, if not the literal translation. Loved the classical latin pronunciation, or as my teacher used to called it "proper latin".

[@victortonelli5670]

Keep up the great work. Thank you!

[@ThePurityControl]

You've definitely nailed a Yorkshire accent with that Lorica Segmentata!

[@tzor]

You raise a good point and this is not just an "Italian" problem. English suffers from the same lack of historical language depth. How many people recite Shakespeare plays in the proper pronunciation at the time and that's only a 500 year language drift. Add another two hundred years and we are into the English of Chaucer. At this point we're going to need English subtitles for the English audience listening to ... English. And you can move the time machine back all the way to Beowulf which seems like a completely alien language. On the other hand, language is two dimensional, and this is also true (in theory) with Latin. Remember that anytime someone complains about someone else's use of a language it means that somewhere someone is using the language differently. A good example is in American English where in some parts of the country, by certain people, the word "ask" is pronounced more like "axe." This, in theory, should become very difficult as most historians tended to almost live in a bubble around the capital of Rome. Foreigners speaking the language of the empire would effectively start to corrupt the language spoken in that area. I wouldn't be surprised if legions to the far corners of the empire would return with a distinct "accent." However, as to the question of Ecclesiastical Latin, note that up until Vatican II, this was the only liturgical language of the Catholic Church. Thus I can see it as the equivalent of "King James" (Early Modern) English and I can see the use of the "modern equivalent" being taught in the schools, much as the same way as (as far as I know) no one really teaches the English of Beowulf to the average student in England. The fact that the Globe theater was in London isn't the reason per se why the English of Shakespeare is prefered as opposed to the English of Beowulf.

[@christopherscott7055]

Shakespeare's epitaph reads "Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare, To dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man that spare these stones, And cursed be he that moves my Bones." Forbeare and here are supposed to rhyme withe here being pronounced like hair. And enclosed was pronounced with an extra syllable, so more like en-clo-sed. Sounds a lot better like that as sounds off in modern pronunciation.

[@artifex2.080]

As a native germanic language speaker old english is way easier because of less french influence

[@marjet2228]

Beowulf is in à different language altogether. It’s Anglosaxon. England’s ruling class spoke Anglonormand after the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Anglisaxon nobility were removed from their possessions and a few generations later Anglosaxon was mixed with Anglonormand, which is an early medieval French dialect from Normandy basically.

[@johnstajduhar9617]

I totally agree. I study historical classical music for much the same reason, things like Bach and Mozart lose their magic if you just "pronounce" them the same way as modern music. And historical Shakespeare is out there, I've seen at least one company making videos on historical pronunciation.

[@jagvillani338]

"Do they speak Latin in What?" - Samuel L. Jackson

[@daciaromana2396]

Say what again I dare you

[@Miolnir3]

@@daciaromana2396 "LATIN, _irrumatur-matrem,_ do you speak it?!"

[@rvjarlos9763]

@@Miolnir3 VAT?

[@jspee1965]

You Sir are a gentleman and a scholar. Absolutely fascinating! I could watch you for hours... just brilliant! You bring classical Latin to life with amazingly accurate historical (and modern) context..... bravo sir! Bravo!

[@gonzachambi3937]

My ears suffer a lot when my professors at the university pronounce "in voce" with the italian c and not in his original latin form.

[@KenzieScarlett]

ughhh! i love latin so much!

[@traviswebb3532]

Awesome video and great information man. I learned so much.

[@thossi09]

Also - thank you, Metatron, for mentioning this show. If it hadn't been for your very positive review I'd probably have skipped right over it. I mean, I loved HBO's "Rome" series, and so I've been a little wary of any other shows dealing with Rome. Sort of like how I'd be careful approaching anything "Napoleonic" that didn't have Sean Bean as "Sharpe". But hey - you said many good things about "Barbaren" so I decided to give it a chance. And I wasn't disappointed, so - thank you!

[@sevenproxies4255]

Fun fact... In Swedish "Kiss" is pronounced with a "ch" sound. "Kyss".

[@SchmulKrieger]

Isn't it a mix between sh and s?

[@tren7544]

@@SchmulKrieger The ’k’ in kyss is pronounced like the ’sh’ in share. Or the sound used to hush someone, i.e. ’shh’.

[@SchmulKrieger]

@@tren7544 nö, it is a ɕ sound, a Mish between sh or ch and s.

[@nirfz]

@Seven Proxies: that depends who you tell that to. "ch" sounds different in different languages. Just in europe, for example in italian or german it's quite different from the english ch...

[@SchmulKrieger]

@@ShittusThinkus, it is not.

[@ottodergroe684]

I learn Latin in school in Germany and we sadly don’t learn the real classical pronunciation so we just speak it like it was german because we just translate Latin and don‘t speak it at all. Wich I think is pretty sad.

[@alessandronavarra8562]

Here in Italy too we study classical text with the ecclesiastical/Italian pronunciation, It's rare to find somebody teaching the original one.

[@realtalk6195]

That's the same for every foreign-language in every part of the world. Got to India and the teachers are teaching English in their local Indian accents. It's only through TV and film that people are exposed to authentic contemporary pronunciations. That being said, German phonetics retains more original sounds for Latin letters than English does. English uses French pronunciation like "Jooliahs Seezar" instead of the proper "Yoolioos Kaisar".

[@robinkuster1127]

@@realtalk6195 Nope. That's not true. In Latin class they just let you go crazy in Germany. You just pronounce words like they were German because the phonetic inventory (maybe the wrong word. German syllables are more complicated than Latin ones though. more consonant clusters and such) of Romance languages is simpler than in Germanic languages (especially German) so you never come into the situation like Italians do where a final consonant gets added a schwa because in Italian that generally doesn't happen that you end a word in a consonant. So you can pronounce any latin word just straight up reading it like German and a German won't find it awkward or hard to do. So they let it slide. In English class you spend the first lesson hissing like a fucking cat because the teacher starts day one beating into your head that "th" sounds neither like a "t" nor like a "z" (actually s in German). It's not like they're always successful in Germany with that or that the English teachers have a perfect accent. But they at least try. They don't for Latin. They just don't. Also English is native to India these days. It's not a foreign language to them anymore. They just have their own dialect like Americans and English people. It's the only language that holds any prestige in India next to Sanskrit (Sanskrit is to Hindi what Latin is to Italian). Most of my Indian colleagues (most of them higher caste) can't read fluently in their native Indian language because professional life in India revolves around English. That makes it a bad example for this sort of comparison.

[@nriamond8010]

@@robinkuster1127 No, it depends very much on the teacher. For mine, pronunciation was very important but he was in his 60ies and not really up to date (I still learnt ae = ä, not ai). Then there are Latin teachers who did not study the language ... I watched one during my practical time of university and could not bear more than one lesson from her, because her pronunciation was awful but I was just a student and did not want to correct her!).

[@trevorgrafflin5928]

Absolutely loved this, fascinating. I love the show first off, and have wondered if the Latin was on point, and now I do. I makes me want to learn both Italian and Latin. This gut is brilliant.

[@tripsadelica]

I just loved this video. Unfortunately Latin was no a prerequisite subject when I went through high school here in Australia so I missed out but I love listening to the language as it would have been spoken in Roman times. Thanks for such an informative and interesting video (earning a subscription from me). One question I wold love to hear you answer is HOW we know the way Romans spoke, seeing that we have no recordings of their voices in action. The other thing I'd love to know is how Latin morphed into Italian...what influenced the changes. I am of Italian heritage (my parents migrated to Australia from Calabria in the mid '50s) and really adore learning about Italian and Roman history and I especially empathise with your comments about Southern Italian dialects being closer to Latin than the official "Tuscan" Italian.

[@budibausto]

have you covered the Latin in "The First King"? it even more challenging because it's a mix of Arcaich and classic Latin.

[@christaylor6654]

You’re ability to speak languages is brilliant. It took me a year to learn very basic Arabic prior to my second deployment and I barely remember any of it now. How do you do it?

[@toropazzoide]

Practice, I believe. I'm italian as well, but I'm fluent in english because, online, I read it, hear it and write it everyday, while spanish, although I studied it for 4-5 years, I barely use it and I recall very little. I believe that, once you get the basis, most languages are just many many many hours of practice. After all, it took the same amount of time to learn our first language as kids!

[@Likexner]

He has a whole video about it.

[@MichaelRainey]

I grew up in Florida and now live in Arizona. I took two years of Spanish in high school. I don't speak Spanish today. I don't use Spanish at home or at work, I don't do business in Spanish so I just don't remember any of it. Learning languages is all about practice.

[@christaylor6654]

@@toropazzoide I have been to every country connected to the Mediterranean and was amazed that everyone could speak to me in English to some degree. It makes me feel that the US educational system is a joke as many of them could also speak French, Italian/Spanish

[@deaclavilis6760]

@@toropazzoide Practice is the key but I have to say Arabic is hard and pretty much a alien language for Westerners. You can learn several European languages with same amount of effort and time you put into Arabic.

[@Pablito003]

Before watching this video I had already watched the video from the polýMATHY channel which is sensational, I really enjoyed learning how these long vowels sound in classical Latin, it gives a certain melody in pronunciation, Brazilian and Portuguese speaker is remarkable this melody / musicality when talking and pronouncing words.

[@RaoulKunz1]

I found your reaction to the pronunciation contrast so refreshing - I've learned classical pronunciation in school and university, but then of course we *are* barbarians here in Germany - that's kind of the point of the narrative ;). Love your channels, generally always super happy to see academical learning in action!^^ Best regards Raoul G. Kunz

[@luigituri384]

You are not barbarians anymore. For sure you know that the most famous scholar about the roman history is from Germany : Theodor Mommsen .

[@RaoulKunz1]

@@luigituri384 Oh Mommsen is nothing when compared to the monstrosity that is the RE, you might have encountered this one if you have studied classical history... it's in full "Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft" avaiable in a whopping 68 half-volumes (because single volumes would still be too large...) and another 15 supplementary volumes, published in *just* a... couple of years... between *1893* and *1978* ... that's also three German states and two World Wars... it's the reason why it's recommended to learn German when studyimg anything classical...😂 Oh and fimding anything in these monstrosities is ever so slightly complocated... trust me😑😉. Best regards Raoul G. Kunz

[@luigituri384]

@@RaoulKunz1 you are absolutely right. The reason why I consider myself as a a semianalphabet about the roman history is just because my german language is close to nothing. I guess that you speak german and if you love the roman history, you will be always a step ahead compare to me. Have a good life.

[@RaoulKunz1]

@@luigituri384 Really didn't mean to put you down... I speak German L1, so no acheivement here, and the RE is massively *annoying* to use, trust me... oh and my Latin is... moderate, yes I finnished school with an good 12 points out of 14 in Latin but that's because of Caesar and Octavian and their rather simple propaganda speaches... currently my Latin is a passive skill, I have pathetic problems actually speaking or writing the language. I'm in no way superior to anyone, I just *read* classical latin and that's the result not of me beeing a jerkass elitist snob but me wishing to avoid French...😆 Best regards Raoul G. Kunz

[@antoinettegabrielle3991]

I was watching a series on KZbin called ‘The Chosen’ and was amazed to see Romans being portrayed with American accents. I don’t remember the last time that was done but it was refreshing

[@JasonKeane]

WOW, just discovered your channel. Love your passion for historical and linguistic detail. This question may have been answered in another video but how, why and when did the divergence between classical and ecclesiastical Latin happen? Cheers!

[@alonsoACR]

Ecclesiastical was invented in iirc 9th century so contemporary Italians could read Latin easier. That's the gist of it.

[@JasonKeane]

@@alonsoACR OK thanks

[@bernard2735]

This is a great video because you are so passionate and knowledgeable about your subject.

[@devonpowell8313]

I'm actually interested in learning latin now, great video Metatron

[@damian_madmansnest]

1:43 That’s the highest praise ever possible for Master Luke there.

[@pietrobassoo]

Man your English pronunciation is really impressive. We should make a video on your pronunciation! 💪🏼🇮🇹

[@marjet2228]

I love it! I learned Classical Latin pronunciation in highschool (gymnasium) in the Netherlands and it resembled Ancient Greek that we were taught also. I understand that our teacher was right about it. I suppose we have a little bit a Dutch accent, it seems inevitable, but it was certainly no Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation. I agree on that, a classical text in Ecclesiastical Latin sounds ridiculous. Pater Noster, that I don’t mind, or Ave Maria. . Thanks a million Metatron! I have of course subscribed to your channel. I specifically loved when you read a fragment of De Bello Gallico. Have you done some poetry like Ovidius or Vergilius in any of your videos? I would love to hear you do the rythm of dactylae in hexameters. I do think the actors did a great job, it must be hard to memorize their texts in Latin, but I think for Italians it is a lot easier than for a Dutch actor or an American. Best regards from a town just north of Amsterdam .

[@Alun49]

A great channel and fr me, the go to channel for historical accuracy!

[@RLeVeriteArt]

Metatron, thank you for fighting for history every step of the way. Thank you for showing us the need to appreciate the past and all of it's contributed up to the present. Thank you for emphasizing that even in fiction, we must do our best (of course, still maintaining the artistic part of things) to stay as true to what's taken place as much as we feasibly can. Much, much respect to you.

[@Kovaka1]

Back in the day when I'd been attending Latin classes at the university our teacher always pointed it out that we could use either the erasmian Latin pronunciation or the restored etc. It's all good but one must use them consistently and shouldn't mix them

[@empyrionin]

Except Latin evolved through intermediates stages. Which is why you can "carefully" mix them. For example partially palatalise some consonants.

[@neilcastro836]

Man it's very interesting to hear you speak Latin and to know that you still retain much of that original form.

[@MrAndreg7]

I've subscribed recently and i did not know you are italian. Really compliments for your english. Your videos are wonderfull

[@digitalviking3450]

You are absolutely correct to the changes of languages over time. 1,500 years ago English was closer to Latin than modern English. People in America talk about time traveling to early medieval England for fun and don't think about a massive language barrier. They won't understand a single word. Just 500 years ago there were letters pronounced differently which influenced the spelling. If I remember correctly "F" was pronounced "S" 500 years ago.

[@connycontainer9459]

About the different styles of Valerius, I once read that there were many different forms of spoken latin. Not only different between say politicians and generals but even down to different styles between officers and soldiers. Not to mention all other walks of life.

[@aaxxa]

I love it, great that you put a light into pronunciation

[@PautinoPR]

This is the best channel i have found this year