The Avengers: Endgame Timeline Explained (Spoilers)

[@becausescience]

Thanks for watching Super Nerds! This was by far the hardest I’ve ever had to think about a script, literally hours on the phone with a quantum physicist, but I’m happy with the result. I think we understand the timeline more than the writers or Russos do now! See you in Footnotes. - kH

[@Game...007]

Thanks Kile.

[@sanshds7174]

Ok

[@TheTechChef420]

maybe tony just invented a Flux Capacitor

[@harshch9223]

Kyle, what do you plan on making for the 1 million subs special?

[@genericscottishchannel1603]

dontchu dare diss the incredible hulk

[@Incred_Canemian]

We all thought that Antman would go for Thanos's ass, who knew that he'd be more interested in Cap's?

[@Theophiloz]

@I Love To Suck a Pee Pee Who cares?

[@DodgeWatt]

hahahaha

[@DodgeWatt]

@I Love To Suck a Pee Pee you name says it all. tho no homo i guess XD

[@DodgeWatt]

Not all of us are obsessed with Cap's ass

[@DodgeWatt]

lol

[@Eoghanb325]

Avengers Endgame: uses Quantum Physics Kyle: On your left!

[@sqwertt8605]

sssshhhhhhssss you cannot say that

[@Darkstar.....]

But his past self appeared on his right. It was only on the left from your perspective.

[@optimousmaximous3027]

@@Darkstar..... just let him have this meme, it's all he has

[@BradLad56]

Doctor Strange: Looks into the timeline where they win. Rat: Waves at him.

[@noonespecial6076]

@BradLad56 and yet when Tony Stark asks if this is the one where they win and Doctor Strange replies, "If I tell you what happens. It won't happen." which shows that Doctor Strange saw a version where he told him they won because of "Your Rat" and they then lost which nullifies your "Rat Joke". Also you could say that Captain Marvel saved the world because Thanos literally was going to snap his fingers but she stopped him right as his finger was going to snap thereby MISS MARVEL/Captain Marvel should be given the true credit for saving the universe from Thanos. I would personally give the credit to Doctor Strange for setting things in motion knowing full well one mis-step could have still caused everyone to lose.

[@mr.scarlo2234]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/rHrQqouiiLlpnZI

[@runefaustblack]

@@noonespecial6076 _Everyone_ saved the universe. Tony was just the one who put a stop to the battle and gave his life in the process.

[@brianl8481]

@@runefaustblack When we get the mutants in the MCU, I want Deadpool to go back in time, hijack the Iron Man armor, take Tony's place, keep the visor down and say "And I am..." raise the visor, "DEADPOOL!" Then snap, drop, and a few moments later pop back up and ask if it worked. Thus saving Tony, while the death from using the Guantlet is preserved, it just doesn't... stick.

[@Dargonhuman]

I wish there had been an end credits scene showing Captain America breaking into the storage yard with a cage to put the rat into the van.

[@walteroide1001]

''The professor hulk thing, he is much much better'' -Professor Thor

[@samueloak1600]

Ragnarok

[@eldonastray5087]

The real hero was the rat. I wonder how many of all those possibilities of failure was due to that rat not stumbling across ant man's van or not hitting the right combinations of buttons

[@numa_kai]

there were 1:14,000,605 approximately

[@eldonastray5087]

@@numa_kai yep, in total. But not all rat related.

[@tusharanand6301]

This was the only point in any Marvel movie that felt like lazy writing to me!!

[@Thesaurus_Rex]

I'd be willing to bet that at least a million of those possibilities were thrown out due to the rat messing up. At least.

[@jamesmnguyen]

@@Thesaurus_Rex I can imagine Doctor Strange cursing everytime the rat messes up.

[@reallyWyrd]

I watched three or four other attempts by people trying to explain Endgame time travel. Yours is the best.

[@Ygerna]

(Fox') X-Men: We have the most complicated timeline! Avengers: Hold our beers. Except for Thor's

[@khiengsrunlim]

Avengers: hold our beers Thor: *drinks it*

[@muzzle9812]

actually, get Thor another beer

[@mr.scarlo2234]

Before I liked this comment, there was 69. Noobmaster69 is villain for ASGuardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 confirmed!

[@coolgreenbug7551]

Actually hold his first, he doesn't need it

[@veasley1215]

Thor’s probably gonna continue to hold his own beer

[@gabb314]

So, theorically speaking: the time travelers party that stephen hawkings threw years ago may be filled with time travelers from this timeline but as you explained, time travel mess with alternatives realities, there may be other realities where we already know at this point that time travel is possible but as those travels don't affect our timeline, it just divides it, we may never know until it happens.

[@kelvinth117]

yes correct you are everywhere and at the same time nowhere like schrodingers cat theory but just like kyle said because of who you are you just experience 1 of the millions of possibilities

[@pwrperalta12]

Maybe our Reality is the Alpha Earth/Elite Earth/ Earth Prime/OG Earth and "they" all came to an agreement that this Earth/Reality should NOT be tampered with... 🤷🏽‍♂️Maybe? But all of this still is in Theory. It's like the quote "Guilty till proven Innocent" except here it's... "Theory till proven Factual".

[@jon7941]

You don't know. Also this is kinda brain breaking but, I think the gist is if time travel is possible AND does occur within our knowledge, then we already exist within the timeline affected by it. By default. Edit: Not quite right. Missing factor. Edit: Definitely wrong. Completely forgot. Alteration of known events. Have you ever opened the can of worms that is Doctor Who?

[@mihailmilev9909]

@@pwrperalta12 in the Marvel/DC universe maybe yeah

[@mihailmilev9909]

@@jon7941 yes exactly I think

[@zuko1569]

Instructions gone very wrong. Couldn't send the infinity stones back to its' places and accidentally summoned Dormammu and Hela

[@Yellowdigigod]

Dormammu's not dead

[@luongmaihunggia]

@@Yellowdigigod no shit

[@runefaustblack]

You idiot. Didn't you read the warnings? They're after the instructions.

[@kirua_h]

I thought dormamu is cosmic being ...he will always exist in the past present future..

[@MemerCat0]

@@kirua_h yes he is

[@BarelyFunctionalTK]

Kyle: I spent 10 hours on call with a quantum physicist for this video. Whatever it takes!

[@BarelyFunctionalTK]

@Kermit of Rivia yes but actually no. Emo haircut, not in the emo phase lol

[@eagle3676]

@@BarelyFunctionalTK Happy for you. Emo phases are really weird

[@BarelyFunctionalTK]

@@eagle3676 weird thing is, I've always had this emo haircut but never went through the emo phase... Is it too late to try it?

[@eagle3676]

@@BarelyFunctionalTK hahaha no it's fine. I've never had an emo phase so I can't talk about it personally but all it seems like is people who can't deal with their emotions in a healthy way creating a niche for themselves

[@deej8612]

Kyle made a good choice at stopping himself at 19:41 Imagine if he had talked about all the branching lines that would be created the moment you picked that one specific timeline you were looking for. 1/14,000,605 would suddenly be infinitely smaller compared to the ramifications of making such a choice. Loved the episode.

[@roberthunter5059]

"I am inevitable." "Hi, Inevitable, I am Iron Man." Seriously, Tony Stark went out with a dad joke.

[@12fuxu2]

No. YOU made a dad joke. Stark made a statement of fact and went out like a boss.

[@dagazrune6453]

It's also a great call back to the beginning of it all with Iron Man I and Tony's first official statement to the press... "I am Iron Man."

[@Haki145]

@@dagazrune6453 Exactly what I thought when I rewatched Iron Man.

[@sinteleon]

Well, he IS a dad now.

[@andrewsparkes8829]

@@12fuxu2 Why not both? As in why can't his last line of a series of what were both dramas and comedies be both dramatic and comedic? I definitely saw it as a "Fuck you", sure, but also one last little sly joke from a character who loved to mess around with people. It does a disservice to Tony Stark, the Iron Man movies and the MCU as a whole to deny the comedy inherent in such a great line!

[@nathanlong9262]

Am I the only one sad we didn't get to see Cap give the Soul Stone back to Red Skull?

[@electromoose1844]

What I don't understand is why the stones disintegrated when Thanos used them but not when iron man used them

[@adamcarroll9613]

I had hoped he'd go with Natasha and sacrifice Red Skull, given the important the guy plays in his own past.

[@nathanlong9262]

Thanos was trying to disintegrate the stones with his second snap, which is how they found him to behead him

[@christiancasaverdepertica1802]

@@electromoose1844 He said at the very beginning of the movie, he purposely disintegrated the stones, so his snap could be permanent and they couldn't undo it

[@darylewalker6862]

And see if BW got refunded.

[@basicallyimpizza]

Love the video, affect you played at 20:02 was great. At 18:20 you mention that the events of Cap living out a life with Peggy "may or may not have happened in the MCU". I understand it can be a bit confusing as Cap did not return to the main timeline through the time/quantum realm machine, but on a motorbike in a different place in space. Most of the audience forgets is that the characters did not need a time portal/platform to time travel, as shown when Cap and Tony time travel from 2012 to 1970. All that is needed are their time travel devices and suits. So what actually happened was Cap lived out a life with Peggy in an alternate timeline, traveled back to some other place in space, then motorbiked back to Sam, Bucky, etc. Instead of choosing to have an aged Cap just reappear on the platform to avoid confusion, the studio executives must have decided that it would be more impactful for him to reappear on a bench.

[@xraider64]

No, he meant the other events of the MCU (Loki's invasion, everything with Shield, etc) might not have happened in that timeline. because of the butterfly effect and stuff.

[@ciancaldera395]

I played back 20:02 at .25 speed and I still can’t tell

[@dennisbrannvalls1fan964]

You don’t mess with time travel, time travel messes with you.

[@TheSuperdarklord100]

That is the choice of Steins;gate. El Psy Kongroo.

[@ralseiwithagun9859]

Not when you have za warudo you can control time itself

[@MrOverhaul]

Omega I was really expecting them to pull off some S;G0 stuff 😂

[@TheSuperdarklord100]

@@ralseiwithagun9859 I believe we might need bites za dusto for this one

[@Leo122188]

What I really want to know is, how many people did Hulk inadvertently kill when he unsnapped everyone? If I remember correctly he was told to, "just return the people who disappeared to where they were." Or words to that effect. Most people would be fine, they were in a relatively safe place here reappear, but some people would have been in spaceships, airplanes, ships, or cars. So where do they appear? The spaceship people perhaps find themselves suddenly in deep space suffocating. The airplane people end up in the sky falling down. The ship people are in the middle of the ocean at risk of drowning. The car people seem like they'd be safe, I don't think they'll keep their momentum from when they vanished, but many of them are appearing in the middle of traffic. Luckily for Earth, there's a great many heroes around to rescue people. But this was a universe effecting event. If even one millionth of the people Hulk brings back end up somewhere they can't survive that still ends up being an inconceivably vast number of people dying. And I have to wonder if there's enough food to go around when the population suddenly doubles after 5 years of producing food for the smaller population.

[@Bakamic]

According to Kevin Feige and the Russo brothers, Hulk made sure everyone was snapped back in a safe place. The food point is interesting, though

[@XXCAPTAINSMALLZXX]

I would imagine that the human race would suffer for a short time while they readjust their production pace but eventually after shaking off the cobwebs, the world would begin to go back to normal.

[@knightghost1782]

I think what would've been better was to just bring the heroes back. I know it sounds selfish but this way there will be no civilian casualties from reapearing from the snap. It'll just be the heroes that are brought back. It would also make the future of MCU a bit more dramatic too especially for spider-man now that not only tony will be gone but his friends too. Making room for newer friends such as Gwen Stacy, Harry Osborne's and the real mj later. I could go on but I hope people get what I'm saying

[@chanbricks4461]

But in Far from home we saw people reappearing where they were last seen

[@sweetbabyrodney]

@@chanbricks4461 I think that apply for people in a dangerous situation. Like a gym is more safe.

[@GabrielR649]

Kyle, thank for not having a thumbnail that spoils Endgame like ScreenRant has been doing since it came out.

[@skepticalbadger]

Yes! Fuckers.

[@becausescience]

Hey, they got to get them views no matter what dignity it costs. -- kH

[@VegetaLF7]

@@becausescience Whatever it takes.

[@NinjaBearFilms]

Hey Kyle! Best breakdown of the Endgame timeline I’ve seen yet. But you forgot one thing. Tony Stark solved the quantum particle unlikely timelines by plotting the route on a möbius loop. To allow them to always return to the same point that they left.

[@shanok3]

Gooooood catch

[@NinjaBearFilms]

I thought it was a clever element that they included into the movie.

[@NinjaBearFilms]

Don’t be so hard. We’re all here for a good time.

[@Jaxom35x]

Inverted mobius loop even :)

[@NinjaBearFilms]

Good point… but what is an inverted möbius loop?

[@valeriacastrosalazar3741]

Physics: revealing that the seemingly mundane is extraordinarily complex. My brain was mush at 9 minutes 😵😂

[@lucky5th2]

I didn't even make it that fair before I stArted drooling on myself

[@lucky5th2]

@Razh 80 r/iamverysmart

[@markdrakan]

I guess going forward it will now be the: Marvel Cinematic Multiverse

[@qwertyasdf9290]

The MCU is connected to the Marvel Comics, so it's already since the beginning

[@besser-nicht]

Glalactus laugh about it

[@mr.scarlo2234]

Alternate timelines aren’t the same as parallel universes. Parallel universes are completely different universes but alternate timelines are different timelines within ONE universe.

[@markdrakan]

I was basing my comment on the Far From Home trailer

[@Sumatchi]

@@markdrakan Could just be a mental trap from Mysterio for spider-man to make him think he can see Tony again, since he is kinda a bad guy

[@SupersuMC]

"Wait, so you're saying Back to the Future is bullshit?" - Sam One of my favorite lines in the movie.

[@MisterTTG]

wrong black guy :p

[@dominic-columbine]

That was Iron Nigga bro

[@philbertchow5425]

Sam was dead, dude.

[@TigerWolf111]

Pretty sure that was Scott/Ant-Man that said that...

[@hostilepancakes]

TigerWolf No it was Rhodes.

[@HouseholdWheel]

Your time line diagram is wrong. Thor and Rocket go to 2013, Nat, Clint, Nebula, and Rhody go to 2014

[@UltraBatshift]

You should get more upvotes, you're right.

[@richieoscars3630]

I was wondering if someone was gonna mention this lol 2013 contained Thor and rocket and 2014 contained nebula,rodey , Clint and nat

[@mini_bunney]

^this, bumping for visibility

[@becausescience]

All that work and I still messed up something. Perfect. -- kH

[@Sacremas]

@@becausescience There's also a small issue with Spider-Man Homecoming and the "8 years later" jump, which was later retconned by Marvel into 4 years, with the movie happening in 2016, the first Iron Man happening in 2010, IM2 in 2011, Hulk, Thor and Avengers in 2012, Dark World in 2013, Winter Soldier and BOTH Guardians of the Galaxy movies in 2014, Ant-Man and Age of Ultron 2015, Civil War and Homecoming 2016, Doctor Strange 2016-2017, with Black Panther, Thor Ragnarok and Infinity War in 2017 as well, with the the 5 years later then being in 2022... www.empireonline.com/movies/news/official-mcu-timeline-retcons-spider-man-homecoming-time-jump/

[@TheGreatestPitt]

Ok this is seriously an amazing video. The work that was put into it, the production of it and just the amount of entertainment and fun I got from it... man this is really a 10/10 Seriously thank you for making this videos. You’ve made me become interested in science and physics in a way I never was before. This is amazing and I can’t wait to see what other amazing things you’ll make!

[@nhogan84]

What makes Because Science so wonderful isn't just the pop culture relevance, or the subject matter, but Kyle's obvious excitement and passion for the science. It's infectious, and may be the cause for so many lives to be infused with the curiosity of science, as I know I have been. Thank you Kyle and Because Science team for all you do.

[@radioactivet-rex286]

"At a blistering pace of 1s per second"

[@Obbsnja]

Shoeb Shaikh i think it’s too fast sometimes

[@tusharanand6301]

Strangely, sometimes it feels too slow and other times it feels too fast

[@Sacremas]

@Adam J. Harper Also Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy restaurant relativity theory (where time seems to slow down if you are in a restaurant waiting for your order, or potentially speed up if you have interesting company during this period).

[@SgtSupaman]

It's absolutely blistering compared to watching Dragon Ball Z, which goes at a pace of .05s per second (3s per minute).

[@sdfkjgh]

Adam J. Harper: "woman-chocking tag porn"? Does that have anything to do with this? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_chock

[@rogermwilcox]

0:27 ... Heeeeeey, _The Incredible Hulk_ wasn't so bad! Now the _Hulk_ movie that preceded it, starring Eric Bana, on the other hand...

[@lucky5th2]

I liked the Edward hulk. Not sure why it gets hate

[@totally6646]

Because science: solves time travel Also because science: uploads it to KZbin

[@wallahhabibiiii]

Totally I don’t get it

[@yourmomsboyfriend3337]

He didn’t solve it, he’s restating research that was done and figured out a while ago

[@lachiebosman8511]

Lydendor1 I think he was joking idk

[@GWOTvetx4]

you nailed it, nothing here was explain with science

[@infiniteaseem6523]

You know, most of my comments are generally intended for Footnotes because I wanna know what Kyle thinks of my ideas but that can wait. This time, well, 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 We love this show 3000 and more, thanks a lot for all the Scienceing you've given us so far and will surely keep giving for a long time to come. Because Science!!

[@optimusprime3692]

Wow. Even while watching the Masters piece that is the marvel universe you still first and foremost care about us. Such dedication is the stuff of legend

[@Darkstar.....]

The avengers universe is political dribble.

[@deeeenisttv]

@@Darkstar..... how? Other than captain marvel I can't think of anything political from the MCU

[@matheusantos]

10:42 - The Grandfather Paradox might as well be named "The Phillip J. Fry Paradox"

[@Luinta]

No thats the become your own grandfather paradox which is more about how corrupted your own dna becomes as you become more and more and more precentage of yourself. Think of it this way, if Fry is 25% his grandfather, then becomes his own grandfather, there is not a greater precentage of Fry that IS essentially his grandfather, or him. Repeat and it's like a closed time loop ifinite copy machine making copies of copies until there's nothing left.

[@strifenineteen]

@@Luinta unless he has always been his own grandfather, which means he was always more then 25%

[@deathsyth8888]

He did do the nasty in the past-y.

[@matheusantos]

@@deathsyth8888 I can't stop laughing! Thank you for that! hahaha

[@CrosisNM]

Dread it. Run from it. Because Science arrives all the same.

[@battlefieldcustoms873]

this means we can go back in time and fix the game of thrones plot also: this is gonna be a great footnotes episode hahah

[@genkidamatrunks6759]

Sadly there is no fixing GOT. Somethings are inevitable. Somethings must and will happen.

[@Sacremas]

@@pablitofap The timeline where George actually finished that damn books and so gave them a proper story to follow you mean? Sigh, that's a good timeline...

[@ibrahimkalmati9379]

Sorry it's error 503

[@cafevampire5484]

This video is lovely and you clearly worked so hard to get this out. I hope they're paying you a lot for all this

[@zpinn8242]

You mentioned a pretty beautiful idea I think: That all possible timelines are playing out next to us but we only experience the most likely one. Another way of putting that would be saying that we are living out the world which 'won' the constant lottery of quantum mechanics.

[@pizhhhout]

But there's also an infinite number of you's who 'won' way better realities than you (person reading this right now) did.

[@cloroxbleach3936]

Thor : * *Cuts Thanos's hand* * Thanos : You should've gone for the hea... Thor :* *Cuts Thanos's head* * Also Thor : Say no more...

[@lexex2550]

he took note, head is good

[@yisraelkatz1958]

Great video. I have one small comment though on your full timeline. I think Cap joined Peggy sometime in the early 1970s. We know from Winter Soldier that Peggy married a soldier Steve saved, and I don't think he would have tried to make a move. But he dies sometime in the late 60s or early 70s (we know this from the documentary clip at the museum in Winter Soldier) and Cap met up with Peggy right after returning the space stone.

[@jmac4652]

Steve IS the soldier she married. I think he uses his last jump to go to circa 1950 and knows the exact time to turn up at in 2023. You can put his graceful ageing down to the super serum

[@jester5995]

Cinemasins have already sinned you for " Six seconds of goddamn logos"

[@Nemesis2508.]

Станіслав Костюк cinema sins is retarded way too nitpicking it ruins the movies

[@theschmebulock848]

Cinemasins is only good to watch when you actually don't like a movie, validation from the internet and all that

[@becausescience]

Cinema sins is arbitrary at best and poor film criticism all the time -- kH

[@fuumax7969]

@@Nemesis2508. that's the point tho

[@runefaustblack]

CinemaSins said it themselves: they're not reviewers, they're assholes. They rarely give any substantial criticism other than pointing out plot holes and such because that's not the point: they just want to make jokes at a movie's expense. And they also said themselves that "we've already given our full allotment of f*cks about people who don't understand sarcasm".

[@Krishnath.Dragon]

Best explanation I've seen of the "many worlds theory of time travel" yet. It is also the one I subscribe to, because it's the one that makes the most sense.

[@juska4235]

*meanwhile I'm so confused and feel like I should never ever try anything about time travel ever again* o.o hi um mind lending me some IQ?

[@LadyTanyaNY]

The movie's explanation of timelines is similar to the many worlds theory, right? They apparently created multiple timelines each time they went into the past?

[@juska4235]

@@LadyTanyaNY yea or there are already you know.. A multiverse (which is sorta said in the Spidey new movie and was said by ancient one I guess) what I think they did is make a machine that can pick the right time and place

[@juska4235]

@@LadyTanyaNY buuut things that make me think that the many worlds theory is not what they use which is probably just nitpicking is while picking the right time n space they are also picking the right world or else the stones wouldn't be in the same place at all, so maybe they made the split each time they traveled

[@andraegenius6599]

Bro I am not a scientist but I always enjoy ur videos.

[@Lucassalgado97]

I didn't quite understood one thing at the end. First, let's call the timeline they were all living the "main line". So, do you propose that Cap's alternate unlikely timeline meets the main line in the somewhere around the point where he returns? Or did he have to use Stark's tech to jump from his alternate line to the main line? So the more general question that comes from this is: can these more unlikely lines meet and intersect at certain points? Could a "quantum person" change lines at these meeting points?

[@Jeff-mv2br]

Only explanation I can think of is it's a different Cap from another alternate time line.

[@ObakeOnna]

Once Cap gets to the alternate timeline with Peggy, he's basically stuck there unless he jumps back. It's an alternate universe, not part of the one he left from. But he still has all the Stark travel tech with him, and over 70 years to set up his return home to the original timeline without using the exact space-time coordinates everyon expected him to use to return (since he isn't bound by the events of the main timeline he can meet up with every MCU superscientist and figure things out). The shield he has with him must be from that alternate timeline, since the original was destroyed by Thanos.

[@stanj85]

I also had this question. My theory is that he waited to put the final stone back in place, as once he did that, the alternate timeline would disappear. He probably would've waited until Peggy dies to get a full lifetime with her. This is why I think that the last to return would be the Time Stone. It's the easiest to return, and the Ancient One could then send him where he wants to go.

[@MaxIronsThird]

@@ObakeOnna If that's an actual Captain America shield, it means he stole it from alternate Cap.

[@flyingfree333]

In Endgame Antman shattered a building by expanding so he must have more expansion force than you calculated.

[@TaranTatsuuchi]

Or, the building was structurally unsound.

[@dabe4506]

"Light-Speed Boundary" sounds like a great techno album name.

[@LivingNihilism]

So there is a timeline, where i am the owner of Facebook, chairman of Microsoft and CEO of Apple, it is just not the me i am here... Huh.. Sign me up for those Pym Particles

[@Olav_Hansen]

Infinite time lines does not mean infinite possibilities. If there is no alternate combination of events that would result into you being you where you would be able to create Facebook or etc. A more realistic scenario would be that there would be an alternate timeline in which bing became the nowadays known google. This alternate timeline (group) would not need a combination of impossible factors to combine (having someone that you would recognise as being you+you being in the sort of circumstances that you could found the companies (time+place+intelligence+luck, even though that last one will be met in at least 1 timeline) even if there exists a timeline where someone that closely resembles you owns 1 of these companies your timeline bouquet is already blessed, a combination of these would simply not be possible.

[@SciencewithSteph]

One of the problems with going back in time in the "many worlds" quantum system is that we have observed the timeline already. Observing a particle locks their position in space and time, but before that they are linked by Heisenbergs uncertainty principle. Surely, then, going back and "reliving" this time COULDN'T change anything or wouldn't allow you to live in an alternate time, or take an alternate path outside of the quantum realm? Inside the quatum realm you could almost allow the selection of alternate paths to time travel, since at this level everything is waves and not observed on the macro level.

[@user-wt2dz5bx5m]

Could you re-observe the same particle in spacetime and get a different outcome? You might be going back, but the place you're going back to is now happening for the first time, so any possible thing could happen. What you are observing now, after time traveling, won't have a cause-and-effect correlation with your timeline, but it will still affect the future of this new deviant timeline. Am I just missing, or misunderstanding, something?

[@SciencewithSteph]

@@user-wt2dz5bx5m I honestly have no idea. I know that observing a particle in, say, a double slit experiment essentially changes a wave into a particle, but then if you were to go back and observe the *exact same* particle is that locked to the one position it was in previously because it's now locked in? Or is it essentially been undone and can be redone in any way? Really hard to tell. And now my brain hurts

[@johnbrown6347]

@@SciencewithSteph simple! You are not changing anything because all events happen. If you was to travel backwards in time to observe an event you had already observed you would actually be traveling to an alternate route in which you had observed twice. The choice is to stay on this route or return to your original route in which your past would still be intact exactly as you remember it, the other route you could then live out a new memory. But you can not change how your original route plays out.

[@sarcasticj3107]

One of my absolute favorite channels on KZbin, great content and delivered in a way where non-science guys like me. Thank you!

[@slamindorf5478]

What would happen if Ant-man interacted with a Black Hole while Quantum-sized?

[@sukugaru5167]

Well, that's an interesting question, with no easy answer. One of the big questions in physics is how does Quantum Mechanics (which applies to the very small) interact with gravity and General Relativity (which applies to everything else)? The two models work really well for explaining the universe, until you try to combine them, at which point they fall apart. Physicists have been trying to figure this out for quite some time now, but we still don't know. If you've ever heard of String Theory, this is an attempt to combine Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. To get back to your question, if a quantum-sized Ant-Man interacted with a Black Hole, and he was somehow able to survive the experience, and also get some useful data back to Bruce Banner, they'd be able to finally combine Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity and become Science Superstars.

[@zamundaaa776]

The problem is that Ant-Man is defying physics on all scales (pun intended). He should become a black hole when getting down to that size. Especially because the distance of atoms supposedly gets smaller than atoms...

[@stanj85]

@@zamundaaa776 well you just have to slap a few Pym particles and plot convenience in there to fill that gaping logical hole, and you're all good!

[@sumanchoudhary9110]

NICE! THAT EXPLAINING COVERS ABOUT THE TIME CONES & STUFF CONCEPT CLEARLY AWESOME.

[@archentity]

I like how he lets us know that this stuff isn't supposed to be as easy to understand as he makes it sounds for those of us who are struggling to comprehend it. Of course that just makes people less likely to give up and close the video halfway through, causing a hit to this video's audience retention (if youtube's algorithms even still care about that...) but I'm glad he said it : )

[@Elohist2009]

When he said “Stark bucks”, I almost spit out my coffee 😂

[@beelzzebub]

Possible time-travel plothole: I get how they could travel to the past, based on this, but wouldn’t then travelling back to the future just take you to the future of the new timeline you created? If not and the future time travel allows you to pick the timeline you go to, is the implication that Old cap didn’t just grow old but grew old and then shifted timelines back to the main line? How?!

[@scorchedshadow]

As explained in the video, think of the quantum realm as the many worlds interpretation, every possibility exists, so theyre able to just take the same "tunnel" they took to get in each of the time stops backwards. The old cap is a problem however, because it does seem captain america lived through the 'time heist' timeline as opposed to the main timeline. The time heist timeline also has Loki alive, and Thanos and his minions vanished after 2014.

[@kojimaworks52]

Hey Kyle, love the show- So basically from what you say between 14:12-15-32 could be translated to- "People assume that time is a strict progression of cause to effect, but actually - from a non-linear, non-subjective viewpoint - it's more like a big ball of wibbly-wobbly... timey-wimey... stuff." - The Tenth Doctor(Doctor Who, "Blink") Also, given all the possible timelines, there MUST be one where Ant-man tries to be an Ass-assin, but it doesn't work, so that's not the movie we got to see.

[@thefearmongerofficial420]

Hey, Kyle, great (and ambitious) video!! This may be a nitpicky correction, but I think you may have missed the Avengers' plan, which may change your explanation of the closed timeline curve. If you remember, in the movie, they weren't planning on stopping the snap from happening (for reasons that you pretty much exactly outlined). They would most certainly create a paradox if they tried this, but what they instead tried to do was to gather the stones, reverse the effects of the snap, and put the stones back so Thanos' original snap still happens. In doing this, they would avoid the inevitability of the snappening and keep all of the original events of the franchise on its worldline. ...given, it didn't exactly work out that way in the movie, but had it gone perfectly, their original plan would have been consistent with the closed timeline curve model. Love the show!!!

[@ewan121]

I was under the impression they didn't undo it because stark wanted to keep his daughter. If they went back and prevented it, they'd be in an alternate reality. No paradox. (Also stark doing that to keep his daughter makes him the biggest asshole in the universe. Think of all the people that died in planes and cars during the snap, families torn apart, loved ones moving on only to have their dead spouses returned... None of that was undone)

[@Tzphardi]

@@ewan121 not just his daughter though but the millions other sons and daughters that were born sense. While some of the snapped ppl died upon being brought back (imagine reappearing inbetween two newly constructed building floors or inside of a bystander) they atleast got to exist. Reversing the snap would be removing millions from ever existing period.

[@Vineares]

So what you’re saying is there IS a timeline where Ant-Man flew up Thanos’ butt.

[@pXnTilde]

It is inevitable

[@jlokison]

But they didn't defeat him that way.

[@Vineares]

Sean Wadey yeah but at least he went up his butt.

[@rayyan18]

**Pushes Incredible Hulk out the way** Thor the dark world "Am I a joke to you"

[@runefaustblack]

_Iron Man 2_ and _3_ want a piece too.

[@seph159]

the hulk movie was better then captin marvel XD

[@IchigoKurosaki3119]

They never addressed in the movie the fact that because Tony dusted the alternate Thanos, in they also saved that reality from Thanos's snap (while also pretty much ensuring that the guardians of the galaxy never form).

[@SnaggingRaccoon]

TheG14ntWaffle That’s the problem with time travel movies, there’s always a “but” and there’s always a paradox. So basically the answer to that is “Wibbly wobbly timey wimey stuff” and it’s impossible to create a time travel story that makes 100% sense

[@saphcal]

This is how Dragon Ball handles Time Travel too, basically :D

[@Luinta]

YES! I noticed this when they explained it in the movie! It's jsut like when DBS revealed that the TRunks from the everyone is dead universe is STILL around even though that event never happened in the main timeline. His timeline wasn't erased, and he was still able to connect with the timeline branch that he created. Similarly to how Cap would have to be able to go into the timeline branches created by removing each stone in order to return it.

[@alejandrosousa-richards2887]

I just wanna know something. This has been keeping me up at night since I’ve seen it. So...I saw the Sonic trailer and one of the parts that stuck out to me-other than how Sonic actually looked- was when James Marsden’s character was falling for the top of a building and Sonic through a ring and “teleported” him to what seems like a barn. The part that is “keeping me up” isn’t the science of the ring to be able to transport someone instantly through space, but if that would work to save him from the actually fall. When James’ character is falling gravity is working with him to accelerate to the ground, up until he reaches terminal velocity. That is if the building is tall enough to be able to allow him to reach terminal velocity. For the sake of this let’s say he does reach terminal velocity. I also assume the rings works like a portal gun as well. That being said, to go from falling with gravity working with you to moving horizontally with gravity working against you, would the impact of hitting the barn kill him or would he even reach the barn door before gravity came into play and would that impact of falling on the ground kill him as well. I’m assuming that going from falling to “moving” he would keep the same acceleration up on till gravity becomes a factor in the horizontal direction. I’m curios, anyone know? I’m sorry if there are any type-os present 😅

[@Largemanofmordor]

Mind...completely...blown. So I guess that means in Tony's snap scene when Thanos's army is dusted that event has no "ripple/butterfly" effect on the time line because once the Avengers had the stones and had removed the quantum players most likely to be able to retake control of the time line they were just artifacts of an alternate timeline that no longer existed anyway. So, in essence Tony snapping them out of existence was resecuring the Avengers' preferred two points in time together. So that /should/ also tale care of the paradox of Nebula shooting herself. The two "Nebulae" are independent from one another once the time lines are split. Each with her own future yet to be written. One thing I don't get is that apparently past Gamorra lives through the snap and doesn't return to her timeline, staying in 2023 instead. I suppose that's also possible because her fate was no longer the same as the "original" Gamorra's. It kinda makes my brain hurt... Anyway, love the show and I honestly kinda want that tangly quantum timeline on a t-shirt because reasons.

[@EdslilNeko]

The way I understood it was that the universes split when Nebula's apparently cloud based memory was seen by the "younger" Nebula. So the Thanos, Nebula and Gamora from that universe traveled into the universe of our Avengers, and as a result of 2/3 dying, and Gamora not returning to her own timeline, there is now a timeline created where those three are gone. So, theoretically, they may have incidentally saved 2 timelines from the snap, one we observed where they used the infinity stones to bring the snapped people back to their "present", and a completely different one where Thanos was removed from the timeline altogether and never used the infinity stones in the first place.

[@skepticalbadger]

@@EdslilNeko They definitely did, unless it's all recursive and another Thanos crew appear in that timeline/reality from another one ..

[@EdslilNeko]

@@skepticalbadger I mean the other possibility would I guess be that when Cap returned the infinity stone to that timeline, he could have maybe stopped that series of events for that thread? That would mean that the timeline that Thanos, Gamora, and Nebula came from collapsed after he went back... but I think my first guess is more likely.

[@t3chkn1ght]

Now all I have to do is put this technology in a hot tub.

[@Requiem.5]

Anyone notice that when he said most of the movie has been impressive he moves Incredible Hulk out the way

[@MaxIronsThird]

He means Box Office wise. Incredible Hulk is better than a good chunk of the MCU movies.

[@shanok3]

I only know one thing In any point of space-time, of ant give reality, this is the best show to have ever existed

[@Dr4g0nCl0ud]

in your world line map, you've got the Thor/Rocket line and the War/Widow/Nebula/Hawkeye lines switched on the top

[@robotaholic]

You explain things so well. Your explanation let me hold time travel in my brain for a few seconds. You have a remarkable gift

[@b0rkaaa]

Hello Kyle! I really loved the episode and I appreciate the tremendous amount of work and research you do in every single video! You are the best connection there is between science and pop culture! That being said, I do have a small amount of nitpicking I want to do and it is addressed to the image of the black whole. The Event horizon which bends your personal Light cone, and from which light cannot escape should be focused on the center of the image of the black whole and should not extend all the way to the boundaries where hot matter is visible. I feel like this is more of a nitpicking than a correction, but once a beautiful KZbinr said "technically correct is the best kind of correct!". Never stop making Because Science and I am very excited about Because Space.

[@Mr.Dinosalt]

Infinity Tube? Well who said that scientists doesn't know how to name things?

[@pvic6959]

sounds cool for sure it is the year 2394: scientist one: "I have a meeting 4 years ago, want to go to the Infinity Tube™ with me?" scientist two: "Yeah sure, I forgot to turn my gas out 4 years ago and it burned down my house.. might as well fix that haha" passing by grad student: "umm"

[@bradyvelvet9432]

There's also an episode of SLIDERS where they slide into a parallel Earth which proceeded at a "slower" temporal pace than most other Earths - thus giving the initial impression traveling back in time

[@SlickRick4EVER]

This was SO good! Thank you, Kyle!

[@TheCronoSage]

I know you've already done Majora's Mask but nice to see it in your intro.

[@czechmix221]

We are traveling forwards in time at the blistering pace of 1 second every second

[@robertlunarr5100]

I will not stand for the open disrespect of the Norton Hulk film. It was the Hulk's best on screen interpretation.

[@becausescience]

Robert Lunarr Lowest performing Marvel movie, which is why I pushed it out when I said “some are the most successful of all time.” No disrespect to Norton obv - kH

[@NinjaBearFilms]

Reason Hulk movies were always low performing was because the movies spend 90% of the time trying to avoid showing the Hulk.

[@richardfnny]

Ikr I wish they would have continued with Norton and his Hulk. That hulk could do all the moves. Gamma stomping and clapping on future enemies is what I wanted to see. Not no professor hulk bs, everyone wanted the rematch not a celebrity taking selfies.

[@robertlunarr5100]

@@becausescience I blame Norton for the fall of the franchise. I got what you were doing,no worries.

[@Fadeddeath]

All I'm going to say is "Sea Cucumbers..."

[@ardentdfender4116]

Been waiting and anticipating this very video since I saw EndGame. Wow 😮, well done.

[@thomasperkins2660]

Well done! Thanks for the entertaining education in quantum theory!

[@kirillriesinger9983]

I saw a post on the marvelstudios subreddit where someone said that in the MCU year 2012, there were 4 captain americas. 1)Original Cap 2) Cap from Endgame that travels back to to retrieve infinity stones 3) Cap that returns infinity stones 4) Old man Cap that lived out his life with Peggy. Pretty interesting to think about in my opinion

[@zaien2186]

Loved it it was just mind blown keep up the good work Susuper big thumbs up!

[@Qsie]

This has already been said, but yeah you misspoke and said 2012-2012 instead of 2019-2012 or something similar.

[@becausescience]

No I spoke correctly. Wormholes are weird like that -- kH

[@jayt1342]

I paused the video looking for some explanation to this here. Do you think you can go a little more in depth on footnotes please?

[@liamdalemon1525]

19:20 FINALLY SOMEONE MENTIONS HOW THIS BREAKS THE TIMELINE!

[@spionage30]

Hey Kyle love the show. why didn't iron man use the jump gate from guardians of the Galaxy to create a wormhole too time travel theoretically?

[@John73John]

I have a correction... at 6:37 you told Captain Overpowered that she looks good for "like... 70?" Brie Larson is 29, and her movie was set in 1995. If we assume that Carol Danvers is the same age (I couldn't find a concrete number for how old the character is), and it's now 2019 (or 2024 in Endgame), she would be 53 or 58. Still pretty good looking for someone old enough to be my mom, but I'm not done yet. As you mentioned, Captain Mary Sue spends a lot of time flying at relativistic speeds, so she would barely age -- from her perspective, she may even be still in her early 30's. EDIT: I forgot about the 5-year jump in Endgame...

[@theenzoferrari458]

Kyle: time travel explained! *Endgame Rat* :am I a joke to you?

[@mariozenarju6461]

Wait, wasn't that a rabbit? I'm confused...

[@theenzoferrari458]

@@mariozenarju6461 why being meta is tight. Super easy barely an inconvenience.

[@mrmashalla9396]

I had problems wrapping my head around physics in university, how on God's green earth do I wrap my head around this????

[@Razor-gx2dq]

By spending 10 hours talking to a quantum physicist

[@mrmashalla9396]

@@Razor-gx2dq HAHHAHAHAHA

[@untapped8776]

You wrap it around so much that you end up going backwards through time and space.

[@KickStandsandKeyboards]

Easier explanation “It’s Jeremy Beremy”.

[@michaelribeiro5777]

If their are infinite possible paths and you branch off from, does that mean that they actually returned to their original timeline? Or is there an abandoned timeline where the snap still happened and it's hero's left it to save themselves with a new timeline?

[@sdfkjgh]

13:54 ...including quite a few through the offices of PBS SpaceTime.

[@MovieFanobi]

The Russo Brothers: “We spoke with real physicists.” Kyle: “Hold my time paradox.” I feel smarter and stupider at the same time. Good stuff Kyle. The movie is still a terrific bookend to the MCU’s first 11 years. I enjoyed it very much. By the way, do you just keep putting “quantum” in front of everything Kyle?

[@jinnoparangue9486]

ha, I understood that reference. ^_^

[@batboy209]

0:28 why no love for The Incredible Hulk? 😭

[@mrstation6905]

batboy209 cuz it was a shit movie

[@sweetbabyrodney]

@@mrstation6905 better than Dark World

[@knightghost1782]

Wasn't all that bad. It was better than dark world and the Eric bana hulk film.

[@mrstation6905]

knightghost 17 fair point

[@6thHokageJuan]

@@mrstation6905 better than Captain Marvel

[@davindamico1759]

so you just explained what Dr. Strange did (and what went on in his head) in the course of .....2 mins?

[@jamesroseii]

You know, we hear "a black hole's gravity is so strong, not even light can escape" for so long that it no longer has that real punch-in-the-chest it once had. I say we instead start saying something like "the physics inside a black hole are so extreme that not only can light not escape, but a second is a mile and an inch is a year" because distance becomes time-like and time becomes distance-like.

[@ALWAYS_CABOOSE]

I can't tell you how many times my mind broke during this video.

[@smartart6841]

Wats a mind

[@aaliyahns]

Same

[@snevins3905]

I'd love to see a breakdown of just how powerful Frozone is from the Incredibles.

[@cloroxbleach3936]

Tony Man VS Iron Stark Who shall win?

[@cloroxbleach3936]

@F *Howard Potts

[@veroniquei5012]

What if Riddick did a pilgrimage to the underverse?

[@ej1688]

The drawing of the red lime around 15.45 makes sense now. Cuzz doesn’t they have a “gps” that tony built. Genius explanation!

[@GrimmSpector]

Well done, as a physicist myself, I think you did an excellent job of the subject matter and generally of most of your work Kyle.

[@MrBrogens]

How fast would someone have to go to be turned into noodles by a chain link fence

[@NewbombTurk.]

I think the tensile strength of the chain link (steel I assume) would not be high enough at any speed, unless it's at the speed of light or beyond in which you would just pass through like a beam of light. Though now as I think about it, it would be cool to shoot a ballistics gel dummy at a chain link fence from the world's largest potato gun to see the aftermath........

[@becausescience]

You monster -- kH

[@MrBrogens]

gixxer6black that’s exactly what I’d like to see

[@MrBrogens]

Also, think of lines used in ww2 designed for decapitation of people on motorcycles. This is where “ape hanger” handlebars came from

[@NewbombTurk.]

@@becausescience Why yes.....yes I am......

[@Capricious_Hermit]

With all this talk about time travel i would very much like you to try to explain Steins;Gate's version of time travel. I would like to see you science that game/anime like I know you could.

[@UnknownPerson-zm8oi]

Way too complex and he'll have to play through the VN to understand it completely, which is frankly too much of an investment for a video. Unless he's played it on his free time, in which case idk.

[@saul2393]

I was actually thinking about this in the morning. Let’s say you want to get to a specific destination, you will get there in a shorter time if you run rather than walk meaning you get to the future outcome faster

[@old_arsed_eldergoth2800]

Starkbucks? Wasn't that what Daenerys was drinking after the Battle Of Winterfell? ☕

[@rillegas08backup]

"This is a lot, so you might want to pause the video to get a handle on it." Nah, the explanation made perfect sense to me. I've been thinking about and theorizing about time travel for years.

[@stevenruff9012]

Kyle . I love watching your videos... U make me laugh in every one. Keep up the great work. Your are totally STILL WORTHY.