D latch

Building on the SR latch from the previous video ( • SR latch ), the D latch makes it easier to store a single bit of data.
Support me on Patreon: / beneater
You can get all the components used in this video from any online electronic components distributor for a few dollars.
Complete parts list (everything in this video):
4x 74LS02 (Quad two-input NOR gate)
2x 74LS08 (Quad two-input AND gate)
8x 330Ω resistor
1x 1kΩ resistor
8x Momentary "Microtivity 6mm tact switch"
9x LEDs
Solderless breadboard(s)
22 gauge wire
USB charger and cable or some other 5v power source

[@m1goodwin]

These videos are so good. I mean really so good. If flows. Almost no corrections. No um, um, um. No sorr,y sorry, sorry. I've learned more in two days than in three months of college. Everything is covered, there are no holes. This is almost hands on learning.

[@ucantSQ]

If you own a breadboard and some components (all bundled, cheaper than your average textbook) it really is hands on learning. 100%.

[@Hohmies86]

Yep!! I’m working on my retirement hobby and current hobby lol

[@bartvandeloo1255]

These videos gave me inspiration to design stuff I wouldn’t have otherwise. I have just designed a alarm clock working on the timing prisiple from the video card and have designed a “ sound card “ to go with it to play NES or C 64 music when the alarm goes off. Thank to corona i have got time for that

[@elvistang9678]

Fuck you don’t talk about him like that, what’s what your sense of ego man. How come you can instantly see details. I’ll cry for you, hope you can breathe and figure it out

[@sindhusiva4580]

I think there is R instead of S and S instead of R in circuit diagram???

[@doodh_jalebi]

"Let's try and build this and see what happens" *pulls out beautifully laid out circuit on a breadboard immediately*

[@0623kaboom]

that is how it was taught .... if you're going to proto board it you made it look good from the start so it was easy to trouble shoot .... when you got down to making your little computer you just copied the circuit off the bread boards and laid it out for multi layer flow and did some through hole work and surface mount stuff and poof 3 layered pc board from bread board design .... yes 3 layered ... you etch one side of 2 boards with the main connections and the sides that will laminate together with power and ground ties and jumpers and then use through hole soldering to link all 3 boards up to power and lay out your its ... if you want to get fancy you can add a copper-less board between the middle layers and have ground plain and power plain runs on each of the middle layers .... this is also why top of pcb's go up down bottoms go left right ... middles go one corner to the opposite so left top to bottom right and bottom left to top right . even early programming was all about optomisation and keeping things tidy ... then windows came out and bloatware took over .... originally windows had full functionality at w3.1 ... and used 10Mb of ram to load ... and run in ... now it needs 200Mb just to sit and do nothing useful .... every part of widows now has it own drive access routine .. when before it had only one routine that every bit of windows accessed .... so every new bit of windows reinvented half of itself with each upgrade and added new errors and logic faults into the design .... so now you get your crash happy bloat ware windows instead of well coded debugged code of yesteryear

[@vikranttyagiRN]

Yupe those circuits are absolute beauties. So Neat and Clean.

[@NickiRusin]

It almost feels like magic.

[@xaiano794]

Here's one I made earlier...

[@committedcoder3352]

0623kaboom that’s really neat

[@bonjour2277]

Dude this is high quality stuff. I am currently doing a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering at Polytechnique school in Montreal, CA and your videos are very helpful. Thank you.

[@MohammadAliSabo]

Never forget.

[@donalduck2427]

And where are you now?

[@A7medzz0]

Doing a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering at Polytechnique school in Montreal, CA

[@byllgrim6045]

I wish all teachers were as good as this guy. Lecturers should make short videos like this about all the topics, so people can watch in their own tempo and all the topics becomes clearly structured.

[@bobdagamer640]

Byllgrim I think some do

[@MelloCello7]

FINALLY!! A video that shows you how data is ACTUALLY stored in a computer! This is an absolute treasure trove, this is a legendary recourse, meticulously leaving question unanswered!

[@BenjaminWeeb]

The visualization helped a lot to get the concept!

[@NineInchFailz]

I know you get constant appreciation and acknowledgement in your videos but seriously please keep doing these. You're helping countless engineering and comp sci students get through our semesters.

[@applsaucemcgee]

it's nice to have a native english speaker explain things. thanks!

[@nicolaserriquenz9905]

English it's not my mother tongue but im also gratefull for this videos!

[@wguid]

Yeah, good on the Indian guys for making the videos but in most cases the accent is so bad it's distracting

[@andrewpersaud4144]

@ Hanasshole They're probably sick of dumbasses like you who can't understand anything .

[@ohmedarick1]

Yes Awesome some one that's speaks English that I can understand. Ben explanation is so clear and comprehensive to understand.

[@vibodhj349]

@@wguid An accent cannot be bad, just different.

[@hugojj101]

This is nerd sex, after having learnt about electronics, coding, computers at a basic level and understanding maths, to watch these videos and see, that that enabler, when connected to a frequent pulse is going to read the input from D and effect the system. And effectively change the bit depending on the input. And those linked together is how the communication of data occurs so I can FaceTime a my friend at home. So fucking clever. Times like this where it feels like my whole world just came together. I will cherish forever, thank you Mr Eater.

[@henry5636]

I love the fact you actually make the circuit.

[@sebastianalbiston4124]

Been following your stuff since early highschool. I'm in college now and doing computer engineering because of these videos. Finally being able to sit and build the circuits along with the videos is so frickin cool!

[@Martin5599]

You are not only genius in electronics but also in explaining... Beacuse the way you talk about it makes 100% sense even for me . Thank you sooo much :)

[@amalm007]

That moment when I realized that this thing can store whether data is 1 or 0, it blew my mind

[@mikeoxlong5100]

Spoiler!!!

[@Anikin3-]

Memory!

[@oddvertex9429]

Same - we use gigs and gigs of ram for years and years and one you tube video later we learn how one dang bit is stored

[@hachimankmd5843]

Your lectures are just "god level". Explanations are Concise and Precise. You have my thanks for such high quality.

[@websurfer44]

Reminds me of my college days. Hoping these videos will help bring that learning back since I never used this after graduating.

[@0623kaboom]

lol I learned this in high school ... when forced to do it again in college i spent the time with the dean proving where the teacher fucked up .... yeah the teacher in college was the lowest graded person in my teachers class when he was learning it ... and we had 4 of us in the same class ... we all broke his balls when he messed up .... and we werent pleasant about it ... the Dean realised we knew more about the subject than the techear did ... in the first week of class .. all of us took the exam in the second week and passed with 98% or better ... tecaher was told to shut up and give us that mark as we knew the course better already .... best spare ever

[@miss3773516]

Wow! This is such an elegant, straight-forward hands-on explanation, was so much quicker to grasp than reading the explanation in my text book. Thank you so much!!

[@ScottPlude]

just supported on patreon. I just heard about you yesterday and I am spending my free time watching your videos. I have heard about most of these bits of electronics back in the 80's and 90's but was never introduced to them like are doing it. These videos are GREAT, and I am voting with my wallet :)

[@geraldbull9272]

Somebody down to earth and sensible, not hyped and so very good at explaining electronics.

[@Malaphor2501]

Thank you for explaining how RAM works essentially. So much of my confusion regarding computer engineering comes from just the mystery of some of the basic stuff like how they even came up with RAM and CPUs using nothing but transistors. These videos have taken those microscopic concepts and *ENHONSED* them to be legible and understandable.

[@levv3477]

Excellent totorial! I can' thank you enough for taking the time to document and share your knowledge, and commend you on your awesome teaching skills! The circuit you have @2:39 that is actually very useful for me. I built something similar from transistors before learning more about gates in ICs, but it serves a general system enable/disable flag for high power. So when the system first receives power, the component that operate with high voltage are not enabled until the microcontroller explicitly issues a 1 on the input line. In case anyone is wondering why you would have to do this, microcontroller pins (even if they have high impedience) have floating voltage, so you can have your "input" line from the microcontroller be interpreted as a high before the mcu starts executing code.

[@MayankGoel447]

You really explain very simply and effectively

[@janitajvrensburg7278]

Hello Ben, Your videos have helped me so much! I read through all my textbooks and several articles and nowhere was the concept so simply explained! and yet within minutes on your channel it all became clear. Thank you!

[@lessknownindeed]

OMG am really worried why there were no such KZbinrs like YOU when I was in college :(

[@mr.highschoollocksmith6080]

0:35 well Ben, I can assure you… that was not the first thought that came to mind. Thank you making it so easy to understand though. Your videos are amazing, and I can’t wait until my son is old enough so I can show him your videos so I can show him the wonders of circuit theory/engineering.❤

[@nilupulperera]

Excellent! Everybody studying computer science must watch these video series. Thank you so much for your effort and time. Kindly think about to do more related to this topic. You are an extraordinary teacher.Thank you again Ben.

[@0623kaboom]

get into his build a basic computer ... that gives a lot more in depth detail and pushes the person towards making the basic gates do useful work .... and brings in triggering and circuit timing .. and pulse modulation

[@wiktorpanczak5722]

Imagine making a whole 1TB drive with these d latches.

[@aidanc4719]

Imagine making a 1 KB drive...

[@yiliangliang5694]

Latches and flip-flops are great for registers and RAM, but probably won't be good for permanent storage like hard drives, since once the power is off, all data are lost.

[@electronx99]

@@yiliangliang5694 For sure, floating-gate transistors come into play if you want to permanently store data in solid state.

[@shubhammaurya3671]

@@yiliangliang5694 let me introduce ssd

[@alibayati5704]

It couldn't be better than what you've done, Ben. Congrats! Nicely illustrated, very well explained. Also love the side-by-side schematic and SBB demonstration. (Subscribed and Liked)

[@AlexGraettinger]

These videos are incredible, you are a great teacher.

[@craigbporter]

I've been poking around with digital electronics for over 10 years as an aspiring hobbyist. I've watched thousands of videos ranging from how a transistor works to device communication via the internet. There's always been one little irritating fuzzy gap in my understanding of the underlying infrastructure, this excellent video cleared that up. What an outstanding series you've put together here!

[@marklewus5468]

Very well done series on latches, SR, JK, and D Flip Flops.... great work!

[@chocolatedonut2102]

I'm only learning this in home-study during quarantine and couldn't imagine anything at all (Im CS, not a CE or EE). This visualization was so helpful to me thank you very much!

[@retrorama3355]

You are great at teaching! I plan on watching and learning from all your videos and constructing this 8-bit computer! Thanks!

[@kei_otake]

I wish every human on Earth communicated information as clearly and as free of needless verbal noise as Ben does.

[@michaelg4346]

Perfect video! Absolutely more illustrative than virtual labs in university in Covid 2020.

[@lessknownindeed]

You cleared some tricky doubts of mine as well like why Invalid state is invalid and which LED to be on at first etc! Thanks a ton MAN!

[@shock_wave0114]

I am learning computer logic, and it being covid, the videos of the TA's flipping switches aren't really satisfying, but your video here is so cool to see and get taught the logic behind it as well! Keep up the good work sir!

[@joshvandergrift]

been writing code for years as a career. But watching your videos makes me feel like a toddler.

[@stargazzn]

I wish youtube and these kinds of videos had been around from 1990 to '94 when I was going to DeVry.

[@kristianTV1974]

Studied e&ee 93-97 and though I did well in the end, the sort of visualizations cheap modern CGI and/or (no pun intended!) YT videos like this provide would have been really helpful back then.

[@Xgnlvf]

Everyone of the young generation should see this comment

[@michaelgibbons7014]

So many lightbulbs went off when you related to the enable pin. thanks!

[@0623kaboom]

Very well done explanations .... reminds me of my high school days when this stuff first came out and the teacher was taking the course in college and giving it to us in class a just behind him learning it ... ended up we were 2 days behind by his exam and we did the same as he did ... a ttl cmos logic probe from design to fully functioning with a 2 digit hex display .... the record was 17 gates to make it work properly ... snugged it all down into a dip tube of plastic at 3inches long .... yup could go smaller but hard to hold ... teachers made it down to 19 gates ... the class exceeded the techers class by 2 gates and made the crush to 17 ... took 20 people 7 days to find the last bit of optimisation .... but we got it .... aint nothing like a logic string that is 4feet long ;)

[@spyrex3988]

scientists and engineers who came up with these concepts were truly genius

[@PietroNardelli]

Just an observation, I am following these tutorials and it may be my chip, but with 5 volts the chip did not latch, so I switched to 3.3V (since I use an arduino to power the circuit) and everything worked perfectly. So if any of you are having the same problem, it is something you can try!

[@0623kaboom]

as the arduino is a 3.3v circuit and if you are not using LS (Low Power schotkey) chips then you need to boost the power out of the arduino to get to 5v to run the chips properly because at 3.3v for normal chips you are at the threshold of off and on ... which can result in false positives and negatives often .... the other option is use the low power chips and be fine ... it all depends on what you can get at what prices . this is where circuit timing and power fluctuations and pulse width all come in to play if you use the normal chips on a lowpower system you will get more bad data as time goes on than you will get good data as the thresholds will fade in and out of sync ... this is where the small capacitors and resistors come in to adjust power levels and minimize the drift

[@kiisofttech618]

I am Happy With your Videos , Your details are good to understand practically.

[@emirhanerdemoglu6537]

An absolute masterpiece.

[@keanneraineesguerra1885]

Perfect timing, I have an exam tomorrow, wish me luck!

[@sachitdalwadi]

Bro.... people like you need on youtube

[@harry_rotter]

Very interesting. I am currently studying computer science and there is a module called "Rechnerarchitektur" (computer architecture). Your channel is perfect for it :)

[@육세현-l7o]

Thank you. it is very clear and easy to understand how can circuits remember information

[@pedroset7972]

You're probably the best person on youtube!! Thank you so much for that

[@RoboGenesHimanshuVerma]

Hey Ben, I have seen this video before and this time I built it along with you and it was so much fun!!

[@bjornroesbeke]

It blew my mind when i learned i could use a CD4013 to toggle a relay with a pushbutton (over half my life ago).

[@g.t.werber4476]

Just wanted to say thank you!!!This is GOLD!

[@therealsourc3]

I needed this for my Minecraft redstone build, thanks for explaining this so simple :)

[@havensmith6374]

Mans single handedly saved my computer organization grade

[@IsaacMorton]

love your videos, please don't stop!!

[@andrewsaharov4508]

Ben, your tutorials are just awesome! I will be so happy if you made some lessons about transistor amp and operational amp

[@Meknassih]

Wow, so high quality and not much views ... :o

[@anuraghazra4772]

Now he has views.

[@yepyolochannel]

Bro thnx so much, u r so good in explainin stuff with details too

[@RamiAwar]

I love how you built the circuits to explain this. It could be more interesting if you could show the metastability oscillating values case though.

[@roqayyahabidey932]

Really you cleared the concept of of Logic Gates

[@safwan6363]

Man this guy knows how to teach

[@nsbajakian2]

Thanks a lot for your awesome videos! I'm using your 4 bit adder circuit for my Science fair project, and I hope to eventually learn enough to build an 8 bit computer myself!

[@vibodhj349]

Did you build it? Its been 2 years.

[@215alessio]

Thank you teacher (docent) to teach a teacher :) I do craftwork electricity but starting as basic logical circuits classes aswell for stem

[@Videoswithsoarin]

Glad I saw this video! I can make registers in my 8bit like this so it doesn't require a reset switch only read (enable) and input from the bus (D)

[@0623kaboom]

reset is awesome ... it allows you to set a known starting condition ... and should be used on power up after about 1s in to ensure everything starts from a known setting

[@ananduajayan8829]

Thank you so much This is the real way of teaching

[@stevedonkers9087]

For anyone that cares, the chip CD4043 is a cmos R/S latch with an enable. It's pretty nifty and the chip has 4 of them on it. If you're using a negative logic system the CD4044 is what you need.

[@GRZNGT]

Is this how they store the information in RAM? Kinda make sense - the transistor technology is near perfected these days and making memory from the same building blocks as a processing units is just convenient. Would also explain why RAM is energy dependent. D Latch "forgets" it value once the power goes off too. Here is a good question - does SSD works the same way too?

[@therobot1080]

today in RAM they use a system which is basically a transistor and a capacitor, making it so a single transistor is needed for a bit,i suggest you look it a bit

[@possible-realities]

There are different kinds of RAM. SRAM works like this, and is eg used in CPUs for registers, cache memory, and a bunch of other stuff that needs to be quick but doesn't need to be that compact. DRAM, which is used for main memory, uses a more compact construction with a transistor and a capacitor, where the capacitor holds a low or high charge (0 or 1), and the transistor is used to access it to read or write the value.

[@sellapperumagenishanthauda8910]

That's really cool

[@d3vilman69]

If only my uni lecturer teaches electronic circuit using BOTH diagrams and actual electrical/electronic components... would have understood and appreciated more on this subject and probably aced it.

[@athewhitedragon]

Amazing way of teaching. thank you

[@jeffrydonald3436]

I've been trying for like 3 hours to build an SR latch on a breadboard without any ICs. Building 2 NOR gates was super easy, trying to combine them into an SR latch is breaking my brain

[@karelkouba9237]

This is a gold mine, keep it up and views will come.

[@zalida100]

Great explanation. - Thanks v much

[@theodorepollock1273]

Wow, no kidding that using the 555 chip was easier for changing clock modes!

[@networkmist883]

Watched this. Enjoyed it. Learned something new & interesting. Thank you.

[@memirandawong]

These are great tutorials!

[@triantoadifx]

This is art, so wonderful

[@faizanalvi5720]

Very very good video sir,you cleared the concept totally thank you so much

[@LovelyWorldFressia]

Thanks a lot! It is really clear and easy to understand.

[@josedominguez2021]

Thanks again.... Nice vdos. They are all on my videoteca!!!!! They are so clear. I love Relays.......

[@guywith_dog]

4:04 \*strokes AND gates lovingly\*

[@ZayMeisters]

This is so much clearer than the slides my professor used lmao

[@koteshwari5970]

The Best teaching... Very clear😁😁

[@ShubhenduApoorv]

This video cleared all my doubts. thanks a lot..😊😊

[@alphasatari]

Since, We are using NOR SR latch which stores data when both the inputs are low. So, as long as he lift his hand from the button we get S=0 R=0 which is a memory state for SR NOR latch. But in case of D Latch we can’t have both inputs as 0 as well as 1 simultaneously. Therefore, we need to find some way that will make both inputs S=R=0 to have memory state. Thus he uses enable or clock to get this state. I had this problem to understand this. So, I figured out.

[@Ahmadali-vd3ee]

your videos are very helpful, thank you!!

[@COMB0RICO]

Thanks from Texas.

[@nostamine2567]

hope i am not wrong ,but if you add a small resistor on the \Q right after the intersection with the other wire then the current will always flow slower and so when you boot up the flip-flop it will always start with Q

[@olivermechling2337]

this is great! Thanks Ben

[@엄경준-p1i]

Your Builing Video is very Good

[@popcorn2826]

Thanks a lot , that would make a change tomorrow in my final

[@startup_dream]

Fantastic video, thank you for having made this.

[@victorgunnasson4613]

Really good videos, would be helpful if you could make some playlists.

[@memesalldayjack3267]

that was really cool, btw since i'm watching on a playlist, i had to go back to leave a like, not a big deal, i'm just commenting

[@yousafs9837]

i wish you were my computer architecture prof...

[@ketangulhane1631]

Really very good video

[@sereneding4468]

the video just comes to my rescue!!!!!!!!

[@typedeaf]

D Latch seems like the most useful, primitive way to store bits in memory. I would be interested in seeing a video on how to construct a RAM module using only primitive transistor logic. What are some notable, well documented examples of RAM using only transistors?

[@mohamedyahiyasirajudeen4157]

Thanks a lot...You saved my back!!!!

[@jj74qformerlyjailbreak3]

Good stuff Ben. Great 👍 Entertainment Sir.