Beryllium and liquid chlorine! Breaking Bad reaction!

[@waede116]

Honestly, as a huge chemistry nerd, just seeing such interesting reactions and exotic compounds is mind blowing, explosion or no explosion! Keep up what you do, I can't get enough of your videos!!

[@ChemicalForce]

thanks!

[@pcorf]

At least you are still alive. This proves that fluoroantimonic acid will not kill you as long as you have a fume hood and correct safety equipment. It fumes in air as it reacts with moisture. Nice reactions, Bromine is a wild element that is for sure.

[@unknowunknown9096]

Chemical force show a chemical that dessove fume hood

[@PlaqueBaka]

He just did use a normal pipett and those useless gloves. Just terrifiying

[@Gonny1994]

Reacting beryllium with chlorine. Holy cow, what's next? Reactions of elemental fluorine?

[@ChemicalForce]

How do you know??????? ibb.co/mJ8ymxk

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

@@ChemicalForce oooof

[@mickhaillabar8126]

This guy is gonna enrich uranium next

[@mickhaillabar8126]

@TTLt106 nah he refined it, enriching requires a gas cylinder and neutron generator

[@californium-2526]

@@ChemicalForce Tasty Fluorinating Agent

[@spiderdude2099]

That has to be the most expensive thermite reaction ever

[@aiex314]

Really looking forward to the fluoroantimonic acid video!

[@lazyman114]

Yes, I dont know what to expect.

[@ChristianMiersch]

At least start next year we will have it

[@GodsGladiator]

Beryllium is no joke. We have materion(Brush wellmen) the company makes most the beryllium for the US. Tons of ppl got sick years ago got berylliosis

[@mikaljan]

as always, one of the most interesting channels on youtube about chemistry! thanks for making the video!! the channel is growing!

[@sinister3921]

That piece of barium looked delicious!

[@tp6335]

I know right

[@Muonium1]

How on Earth did you deal with the fumes of a substance like BeCl2 whose maximum permissible exposure limit is A SINGLE MICROGRAM per cubic meter of air???? Even if it was in a hood, the exhaust on the roof of the building is going to create a toxic plume of air so massive it probably would be unsafe to be downwind for hundreds of meters if not kilometers..... Neglecting even these concerns still leaves the issue of surface dust contamination on the inner lining of the hood and exhaust ducting components. Maintenance on the hood's exhaust system is almost certain to remobilize the now hydrolyzed and dehydrated beryllium oxide dust, whose air permissible exposure limit is EVEN LOWER than the chloride at a mere *200 NANOGRAMS* per cubic meter!! Please elaborate on the safety measures you implemented here!

[@kronek88]

Boring

[@alexfigueroa9993]

🙄

[@Muonium1]

@@kronek88 you may think it merely 'boring', the man who's tasked with replacing the roof fan for this hood 5 years from now who unwittingly contracts a disabling case of chronic berylliosis from from his work, likely less so.

[@Muonium1]

@@ChristianMiersch I work with beryllium and beryllium contaminated materials almost every day. I am extensively versed in the dangers surrounding beryllium and its oxide and have performed airborne respirable dust contamination surveys for personnel working in suspected beryllium contaminated environments. If your level of familiarity with this substance extends merely to having read a wikipedia article then I suggest that it is yourself who is in need of substantially greater acquaintance with the literature and beryllium's associated risks. The numbers I am giving are widely known and accepted. I also work with tritium, in high radiation environments, with lead, hydrofluoric acid, and uranium. Beryllium is far and away the most frightening of these hazards. Its risk of toxicity to those exposed is terrifying and practically approaches plutonium-level contaminant hazards. See Kreiss et. al. 1993 "Epidemiology of beryllium sensitization and disease in nuclear workers" and Stange et. al. 2001. www.osha.gov/beryllium

[@evilotis01]

@@ChristianMiersch c'mon. "i just don't see that such a small dosage will lead to anything"? even Feliks himself pointed out how miniscule the permissible amount of BeCl2 in air was. Muonium raises perfectly valid questions and i hope Feliks responds to them. in the meantime, be quiet and listen to people who know what they're talking about. you might learn something!

[@fireandcopper]

Beryllium scares me. More than any other element, except the super radioactive ones

[@guythat779]

Why is beryllium scary?

[@belacickekl7579]

@@guythat779 almost all of its lighter compounds are extremely toxic, as is its powders. Plus, in its pure form unalloyed, it can be reactive. I'd personally say cadmium is a bit worse, but that's just me.

[@plazmatter]

Pure beryllium as a chunk wont hurt u (if u dont eat it lol). But yeah reactions with beryllium are dangerous

[@guythat779]

@@belacickekl7579 thanks, i Got it now So could we boil it down to saying it's a solid more reactive Mercury? Or arsenic?

[@user255]

@@guythat779 It is extremely toxic. Inhale its salt even a little bit and your lungs are gone.

[@Flederratte]

Very good stuff! You publish reactions I never thought I would ever see :) Thanks a lot!

[@beryllium.laboratories8350]

Beautiful! As a beryllium chemist, I loved your Be + Cl2 reaction. Good job.

[@zamistro]

Do you have any vids about your work with beryllium?

[@sebastiand152]

Where is your hood ventilation outlet? These BeCl2 fumes are no fun, as you mentioned yourself. Can you be sure, that nobody got in touch with a significant amount? Please share your thougths on that.

[@ChemicalForce]

Absolutely sure!

[@ShouldOfStudiedForTheTest]

Thanks for bringing back the timestemps btw!

[@ketzbook]

ok, this guy does all the demos that I won't do myself. Thanks, and stay safe! :)

[@TheGayestPersononYouTube]

My guess is that the hafnium thermite mix propelled itself off the plate a bit and some of the reaction happened above the tungsten. Another guess is that it wasn’t mixed thoroughly enough and some of the hafnium burned in the air. Looked cool either way. In any case I love these videos and I’m glad to see your channel growing!

[@ChaosPootato]

Hey it's cool thermites man

[@At0mix]

It was also done out in the open. I'm sure the reaction reached the desired temperature just fine, but if you want to direct all the heat onto the plate in order to melt it, you have to contain it somehow.

[@matthewbatchelor3547]

Both great suggestions - often using a flux can help this as the lower the melting points of the thermite mix and thus less spitting, I would recommend looking up the “exotic thermite” series for more information

[@TheGayestPersononYouTube]

Matthew Batchelor The only problem with that series is the guy that made them is an asshole. Never upwind either.

[@among-us-99999]

It’s the gay thermite guy!

[@Rose-ec6he]

1. My first guess is that the hafnium mix didn't sustain heat long enough to conduct to the tungsten. To test this, larger grain size powdered reactant could be used to slow down the reaction. 2 Another thought is that the extremely high temperatures could dissipate very easily - Even insulated electric furnaces/ovens/etc. Struggle to sustain 1000oC for any ammount of time. This may be tested by performing this experiment in a thermally isolated area, although I have no idea how that may practically be done. 3 Another thought is that the thermal mass of the tungsten may be quite large compared to the mixture. This could be tested by using a very small amount of tungsten.

[@matthewbatchelor3547]

Rose Both great suggestions - often using a flux can help this as the lower the melting points of the thermite mix and thus less spitting, I would recommend looking up the “exotic thermite” series for more information

[@Rose-ec6he]

@@matthewbatchelor3547 Thank you. You have another good point too.

[@PomlacAvdu]

Actually I'm thinking maybe the grain size was too coarse. It seemed like a lot of the hafnium ended up oxidizing in air. It might even slow the burn rate, considering the flame propagation front would be slowed. Perhaps compressing the mixture in to a pellet could slow it even further.

[@nunyabisnass1141]

There are a few reasons why it didnt burn through the tungsten. The most obvious is thst there wasnt enough thermite to burn long enough to heat up the material as indicated by the pattern of the oxide layer at the bottom. The next is the surface area, mass and thermal conductivity of tungsten wicking heat away as the reaction progressed preventing enough heat to transfer to a single spot that would burn through. Lastly is more of a 2a, nut the reaction happened pretty fast. The oxide layer on the bottom shows that the middle had rhe least heat transfer, while the margins had the most. So as the reaction progressed the thicker center of the reagents served to insulate the tungsten from the rest of the reaction temp while the edges were exposed to the heat the longest.

[@daveb5041]

*Right before an explosion press the space bar to pause the video then press the " > " and " < " keys to watch frame by frame if the explosion to see details you dont normally see like this makes two explosions not one*

[@azureprophet]

Yeah these are some of those "FOR THE LOVE OF GOD DON'T DO THIS AT HOME" reactions.

[@bromisovalum8417]

Risking berylliosis to show us exotic chemistry lol. I love this man, great work!

[@StarScapesOG]

Liquid chlorine? My friend, you have guts... major guts... I wouldn't want to be anywhere in the same room as pure chlorine....

[@jcraigshelton]

Huge nope factor for sure.

[@user255]

No where near the hazards of the beryllium...

[@ChristianMiersch]

On a one time basis thats pretty much trivial given decent ventilation. Dealing with it on a daily basis in production, thats another matter entirely.

[@FarhanAmin1994]

The reaction looked like some divine reaction at the beginning of the solar system xD Wow. You rock, dude!

[@GZxuanChannel-nx9vi]

WOW!!! AMAZING Video!!!

[@VinnyCarwash]

I appreciate how you toned down the music a lot. your videos are much more pleasant to watch now!

[@Soloist1983]

I make it a point to never be around beryllium, shit is so scary that just knowing it's in my microwave and coaxial cable interconnects (CuBe alloy) worries me 😁

[@epsilonjay4123]

You should react the fluoroantimonic acid with some sort of strong super-deprotonator like tertiary butyllithium or Methylcesium.

[@DrakkarCalethiel]

1+, that must be a proper nasty reaction!

[@Togathecat]

Fluoroantimonic Acid vs Ortho diethynylbenzene dianion

[@WeebRemover4500]

reactions of metal nitrides, like aluminium or magnesium nitride- its flammable

[@plazmatter]

Berylliym salts scare me but this was awesome

[@crabcrab2024]

Wonderful job, man! Well done real badass stuff...as usual 😁 Did you throw your fume hood away afterwards? I would. Be and salts thereof send shivers down my spine.

[@Flumphinator]

My dude that is not a small piece of bariu-ooooh my god...

[@kanetw_]

Can you do a video on the engineering controls you use, esp. for stuff that has a max permissible level in ppb amounts?

[@copperchopper4626]

the tungsten plate didn't melt because the heat lasted bot very long however it was enough to cause stress fractures in the metal and make it britlle

[@spiderdude2099]

Holy cow, that may be the most toxic cloud of vapor I’ve ever seen filmed. Beryllium chloride is truly no joke!

[@pcorf]

And not to mention the superacid at the start of the video.

[@StuffandThings_]

So many exotic reactions! I wonder how many KZbin "firsts" are on this channel or will be in the future...

[@ChristianMiersch]

Im pretty sure he will do noble gasses chemical reactions.

[@virtualtools_3021]

@@ChristianMiersch xenon flouride? or something more insane like noblegas-noblemetal compounds?

[@richardpurves]

3:39 As we all know from Explosions&Fire ... yellow chem is bad!

[@TwinTn]

For the Re2O7 + Hf thermite, it might benefit from some milling (with non-sparking ball bearings of course). Don't know what particle size you used, or how you mixed them, but the reaction seemed pretty slow. Also, I think you are right about the small amounts used, too much energy is lost to the surroundings to melt the plate. If you really want to melt tungsten, I suggest using Teflon + Magnesium. The catch is that the black body emissivity from the carbon makes for poor footage, too much light. Another suggestion could be using metallic Erbium as a reagent, which could theoretically reduce Magnesium oxide, though I've never seen it. The reaction between metallic titanium and boron to form titanium diboride is also one of the hottest known to man. You will have control the particle size and mixing, all of the above have a tendency to go past deflagration, even without containment.

[@lazyobject5797]

You are just amazing keep it up I want to see those exotic reactions you do

[@kwpcunofficial8279]

And pls try to protonate methane with fluoroantimonic acid

[@benny1330]

Super cool video

[@IcarusSpeaks]

The mic upgrade really helped 😃

[@srihariarun6031]

Great content as usual 😁

[@HerpApandader]

Great videos man keep up the good work :)

[@nenben8759]

Those pretty white fumes just tell me death

[@miscellaneousanus2831]

Hey, I have a suggestion for an interesting video. I was watching some of your videos about burning various things with liquid oxygen and I would like to see a video of burning various fire retardant materials in O2 or LO2. I recently repaired a machine that had an oxygen leak in an electrical cabinet that completely incinerated all the fire resistant equipment inside. I’m now curious as to how fire resistant these type of things really are. Hope you like this idea. Thanks for reading.

[@HunterDragon127]

the Breaking Bad reaction looks like blood, fascinating.

[@ottolehikoinen6193]

Chemical Force:"it's interesting that this didn't burn through" I guess he's not working on the chemical safety sector.

[@user-dd1yz4qc8u]

Again amazing video! Thak u for ur job!

[@MattBaker1965]

The thermite may not have been hot enough but the oxide patterns were cool

[@ZoruaZorroark]

the film (oxides?) on the outside of your beryllium sample made it look like it had various growths of molds

[@BandanaDrummer95]

I know I've heard of some issues with getting a lightly packed thermite to reach the temperatures that a densely packed thermite of the same mixture can reach. That may have been your issue melting the tungsten, though I have absolutely NO personal experience with thermite or intention to change that in the near future

[@koukouzee2923]

I never worked with liquude chlorine and I will never I cant even handle the smells from a small chlorine generator

[@johnnytarponds9292]

I think your thick steel countertop acted as a heat sync.

[@daveb5041]

*Take a smell of the BeCl and tell us what it smells and tastes like*

[@togoth1]

SImply not enough thermite mixture. I've carried out iron / aluminium thermite in steel crucibles . You just need to calculate the enthalpy in kj/g and then figure how much energy will be needed to heat the crucible to it melting point and make sure you mass of thermite is below that. Doesn't work every time, I think just because some thermite combos are so quick that the heat doesn't have time to dissipate through the crucible. CuO/Al did a number on my desk

[@iisadragonborn7128]

I feel like thermite would work a lot better if it were in a blasting cap of some kind to direct the energy

[@TheHuntermj]

The things cooling your thermite mix are spreading of the mix during combustion and a high surface area to mass ratio. Spreading of the mixed thermite can be attributed mostly to water boiling off and trapped gasses expanding and also to the expansion of Hafnium into HfO2. If you dry the mix thoroughly in a desiccator and then compress it into a pellet you should end up with a mix that burns without too much sputtering and end up with a nice puddle of liquid Re to melt that tungsten! Maybe also put it into a ceramic guide to focus the hot Re, a hole drilled into a chunk of firebrick or terracotta pot should do.

[@Ario_111]

Nice video!

[@demidrol5660]

the low side of tungsten was so beautiful(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

[@edson7986]

A reaction between copper fluoride CuF2 no hydrated and powdered metals such as magnesium or aluminum, should be something interesting , to see how much energy release. Copper fluoride CuF2 with little thermal energy in pyrolysis process, decomposes and releases flourine gas easly which is obviously super reactive , 33% of CuF2 is fluorine .. Or maybe others flourides like maganese fluoride MnF4 , can be nice ..

[@codygrimm8791]

Maybe the oxide produced created enough of a thermal barrier to protect the tungsten from melting?

[@SAesir]

Hello, I adore your videos, want to ask something. At 2:05 and after, there are frozen moisture from air due to low temperature of chlorine liquid at the below of the tube, however the reaction beryllium and chlorine seems highly exothermic due to the emitted light (mostly yellow spectrum) how the very fragile formation of frozen moisture continue to stand in such heat as well as how liquid chlorine do not turn into its gas form (ofc it turns a little bit but I expected a boiling of the chlorine liquid during reaction). İs it a leidenfrost effect-like situation going on there or what ? Thank you for showing these reactions, I really want a collection of every element, chemical compound and minerals in the world then observe/mix/taste them until I die (pretty quick I assume lol :P) I mean you that my mouth is getting wet when I see these chemicals and reactions towards equilibrium (adaptation/evolution for living substances :D) which is the main purpose of everything (yes including humans) in the the known universe :D

[@braunblender]

barium bromine reaction looks like you exploded a frog in a test tube

[@NightLightnight]

nice video!!

[@mmmhorsesteaks]

The forbidden vape pen!

[@martiarenax3]

It did not melt the tungsten because it was wet. I mean.. just wet as any pouder is at natural but yet too wet. It sparks because the humidity throws particles everywere. It should not spark if you dry it properly and then it should melt the hell itself.

[@nicktohzyu]

maybe you can bend the tungsten into a bowl and lift it off the table, would be more likely to melt through

[@belacickekl7579]

I think the reason the thermite didn't melt the tungsten is mostly because of how the heat was channeled by the piles' shape.

[@VoIcanoman]

I think the temperature DID exceed the melting temperature of tungsten, but the quantity of chemicals and length of reaction weren't enough to transfer that energy TO the tungsten to the extent that melting would require. Also, if you wanted a more complete reaction (and a higher chance of melting the W), it would've been wise to grind the rhenium heptaoxide into a powder. Thermite stoichiometry is highly sensitive to surface area - the finer the particles (more surface area to volume ratio), the more complete the reaction, the BETTER the reaction. Which is why, when using CuO powder and flakes of aluminum, the reaction is slow enough to be relatively safe, whereas using the same CuO powder and finely-powdered aluminum, you get a fairly scary explosion (at quantities exceeding 50 g of thermite). Finer aluminum means more copper forms, which means both that the thermal energy released is greater, AND that the volume of liquid copper that is being VERY rapidly heated to a gas in a few dozen nanoseconds is greater - hence the result is a detonation, rather than deflagration (the volumetric expansion of liquid copper to gaseous copper is over 60,000X at STP!). Unfortunately, I didn't learn this lesson until AFTER I had essentially blown up a bomb in a high school science classroom where I was teaching. My superiors were NOT impressed....

[@christopherleubner6633]

Barium has a similar reaction with carbon tetachloride. Very reaactive metal.

[@malwaretestingfan]

The reaction between rhenium heptoxide and hafnium was spectacular, never seen anything like that.

[@GammaStyleGaming]

lookup thermite

[@vlad_guardian]

Hey guys! Before we start, let's do some insurance of our lives for $200,000. xD

[@davidmalone7069]

I love this man already imma get him a cookie

[@lablulz2483]

holy crap..... you're braver than me!

[@dexterrius]

btw - golden firestarter :D, try a golden thermite, Au2O3 + something(in this case really anything is reducing) :) Ag2O and AgO both react with even Cu aluminothermically to a faint glow at about 700°C when slightly heated in a test tube. if you use Si as a reducing agent you may get an eutectic Au-Si 96-4 wt% which is still golden coloured, still nearly pure gold but melts at 350°C! and after some time in air develops a grey coating - i soppose the silicon concentrates somehow in the surface layer or just reacts with oxygen, but it turns grey like other metals despite of being nearly pure gold. i would like to see very much the transparent ionic salt - caesium auride CsAu where the Au- anion is present.

[@canaan5337]

Could be that the tungsten didn't melt because a lot of the heat went into the metal under the tungsten and the reaction hapened really fast and most of the glowing hot material got blown around in the reaction so it didn't stay in contact with the tungsten long enough to transfer much heat into it.

[@andywells8125]

Hi great footage! Can you talk a little about the chemistry? For example why are these reactions so exothermic? Can you demonstrate some endothermic reactions and explain them? Thanks!

[@debrainwasher]

I love reactions with chlorine and fluorine, who belong to the most electronegative elements. These reactions are mostly violent, fiery and even highly toxic.

[@lajoswinkler]

There isn't sufficient heat being produced, that's why it didn't melt. It was a very small sample and most of it even flew away. Do it with a big, thin wolfram crucible and a lid, and it will melt at least at the bottom.

[@ograndesoldador3926]

Ficou MT maneiro o novo cenário

[@fano72]

The Problem why your tungsten plate could not melt is because the heat was transferred through the tungsten plate to your table which has a good thermal conduction, as well as the tungsten.

[@blindsniper35]

I would try a some more of the "thermite" and I would suspend the tungsten too. hopefully transfer less heat away from the tungsten. I think that would give you a better idea of whether it's hot enough. I didn't do any research so I'm not sure this will actually make any difference. It takes a surprising amount of standard thermite to melt through aluminum castings.(an old hard drive with metal platters) Based on that experience I would try to reduce heat loss.

[@DoomTuber]

Such good firsts. :)

[@SoumavoGhosh35]

Very nice video!!!!!!

[@user-rj7ig7nm5x]

Oh may god... it is great!

[@Agustx0]

I think the tungsten plate did not melt due to it being in the surface, which might have dissipated much of the heat

[@dexterrius]

thanks for the video :), even the resulting Re was spongy and not melted beads, thats around 3000 °C so it didnt achieve even this temp. , i see a lot of smoke, looks like a lot of heptoxide was vapourized and not reacted properly, i suppose you havent ground up the heptoxide to fine powder, have you? quite slow reaction. needs confinement in a MgO crucible to conserve heat in a small volume and need to be pressed/hammered to a compact capsule inside the crucible.

[@KingOfHalls]

I would like to see how lithium reacts with elemental iodine, the least reactive alkali element, and the least reactive stable halogen

[@KingOfHalls]

or maybe try the lithium with some flouroantimonic acid?

[@user255]

Excellent!

[@sciencedeveloper6637]

Nice

[@madsstefansen9811]

Regarding exotic thermites: have considered demonstrating Magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV)?

[@butters8632]

I'm no chemist but "Breaking Bad" tho

[@herauthon]

What a nice bright green.. nice food colorizerrrrr..

[@853nova4]

Most $$ thermite I ever seen 😀

[@stavinaircaeruleum2275]

What are those little filaments that was coming off the bottom of that test tube?

[@yveshenderyckx7283]

Expansives flamme

[@Antimonium_Griseo]

It was WERY beautiful!😃🤩😊😇🤗 But are You not afraid berillum smoke?..🙄

[@gogo311]

Wow. Those are some EXTREMELY toxic reactions, and fumes. How do you get rid of all the waste? Do you recycle the precious metal residues in any way?

[@peterchan6082]

Curious . . . where did you get all those rare metals, like Beryllium, Barium, Rhenium, Hafnium, Tungsten, Yttrium?

[@mtalhakhalid1679]

Lwt make breaking bad title using bromine barrium