Michio Kaku: Tweaking Moore's Law and the Computers of the Post-Silicon Era | Big Think

[@bigthink]

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[@theholykaremtheholyshibe2029]

Your not a real scientist your a scam

[@larisforschenguzman5357]

Love you my brother 🙏 from dunseith ND 58329 god bless you all 🙏

[@newoldmail1]

Mr. Michio Kaku is correct about everything in this video. Anything he describes is easy to understand even for people with limited technical knowledge. I am in the business optimizing software for various CPUs for 15 years and i am amazed about how correct he is about everything, although he is T.Physicist and not hardware/software engineer.

[@flycrack7686]

that ie not true, he said it will come to an end/collaps 10 years later. In the year 2020, so 8 years later, we already know it will in fact NOT come to an end in 2022. I would even say it is already very likely it will atleast continue for atleast another 10 years.

[@Withnail1969]

@@flycrack7686 Moore's Law is demonstrably dead in 2021.

[@patrickjohnson7401]

Mr. Kaku in the rearview mirror is smarter than he appears.

[@epicned9587]

Lol, if it stops then I won't have to buy a new PC every 5 years or less.

[@doktormozg]

they will "start"? haha

[@bernash9131]

doktormozg lol

[@Mechaghostman2]

Then they'll just make them break faster, so you have to buy new computers or parts constantly.

[@flycrack7686]

well better worry, because he was wrong. In 2020 we already know it will not stop in 2022 and its more then likely it will continue for atleast another 10 years. it might have slowed down, but it is still continuing.

[@mrautistic2580]

3 x 5 = 15 awesome IBM!

[@davidpfromm1500]

+Mr Autistic Put that on a T-Shirt and sell it!

[@mrautistic2580]

Ryan Cox exactly...take what you can get

[@iamcleaver6854]

The question remains: can it run Dota 2?

[@meyomix2816]

you got mee with your profile pic

[@colunizator]

Actually it is 15=3x5 It finds the 2 prime factors

[@BrentNally]

This news just in from Yahoo! News: "If the finding is confirmed, Majoranas offer an easier way of storing information in quantum computers, which currently rely on atoms; these atoms become unstable with even a small disturbance, while Majoranas would be much easier to keep stable." Exciting. Could be a break through for quantum computers.

[@flycrack7686]

8 years later: nope

[@NemeanGuy]

Vhs technology is the solution.

[@truthsocialmedia]

betamax is superior. It will eclipse Vhs

[@dougnulton]

marquece johnson I prefer DVD 📀

[@bufordblue6252]

im all bout the punch-card computers yo...

[@Mechaghostman2]

I prefer them big ol' laser discs. Can never go wrong with the laser disc.

[@acrc2479]

I did molecular computing 35 years ago with my PhD professor. I’m retired now, my PhD students continue on. Human civilization!

[@21EC]

cannot wait for optical computers which are going to be so much more powerful and fast compared to todays computers..

[@Gregory-the-small]

what are those?

[@shiz777]

+21EC they've been talking about optical computers since the 80s

[@21EC]

+shiz777 well then just take a look at Optalysys...search on youtube we are not in the 80's anymore.

[@mikefromspace]

+21EC Faster than light computing is beyond optical and uses ion spin waves in a superconductive field, made so by field ionization rather than material ionization which can only span 2 microns. Stanford University is researching graphene dna which does just that. Transistors in such fields can talk over distance without actual connection. Too bad they aren't growing it properly. I tried to contact these Neanderthals to suggest my method, yet no response. For every 1000 good ideas, there may be 1 that has a chance in a million.

[@21EC]

mikefromspace but I think optical computers will make their way into homes way before we get to see any faster than light computers around..anyway I hope computers will get much faster (in the relatively near future) than what they're today since there is definitely a growing demand for speed.

[@Teriblthundrlzrd]

Michio Kaku has this beautiful gift where he can explain very complex thins in very simple ways. Well done as usual sir.=)

[@Gunbardo]

I really like this guy, he make things sound so easy to comprehend!

[@xpumpedwolfx]

They have many speakers. If you would Look into their channel, you'd see that. Michio happens to be very available and willing to do these sessions, and he has a unique way of explaining things so everyday-people can understand it. In my opinion, he's one of the best speakers on this channel!

[@Apjooz]

I can't wait for us to move past transistors so we can stop arguing about Moore's law.

[@jacquesbroquard]

His foresight is amazing. I'm watching this ten years after his predictions. Lol. Looking around and I'm like, yep. Sounds about right.

[@roydevine1860]

Well it is 2017 and this video was published on 2012, soo he said 10 years from 2012 that's 2022 kkk

[@thereddog223]

yet we are still shrinking silicon

[@flycrack7686]

yes and in 2020 we already know its not true. I would even say it will atleast continue for a minimum of another 10 years from now.

[@Sean4Mvp]

1 year away🙂

[@Withnail1969]

@@Sean4Mvp it's here now. density of transistors is not doubling every 2 years. Moore's Law is dead.

[@JaihindhReddy]

Whoa, I'm slowly starting to understand these terms like the moore's law, transistor, uncertainty principle, photolithography, thermodynamic laws and stuff.. And I'm starting to enjoy science a lot more than I used to be. Thanks big think and minute physics.

[@tonywarrior]

Our brain is a masterpiece computer made by DNA.. I Think DNA based computer will be the future.

[@tonywarrior]

Long term Future.... In short term It would carbon or another efficient material.

[@easthight]

E Tonee Terminator.

[@markgaming650]

Lol. you base this on? you know what dna is? how the biology works?.. nice random guess.. i guess. ;)

[@cr9527]

No, a Brain is far less efficient given the same volume when compared to the CPU. Can you imagine a CPU the size of your brain? Yeah. That would be many many times more powerful than the human brain. What our brain does best, is the ability to work under low power. That however is not the subject of discussion when it comes to the moore's law.

[@Iloerk]

Haha, humans are terrible at executing mechanical functions. That would be a computer that is always changing, has moodswings and constantly makes errors with numbers. Computers are useful exactly BECAUSE how utterly and fundamentally different from the brain they are.

[@TheGaIaxy]

More more more!!! I want more Michio Kaku!!! Gosh I just love him...he makes science so fascinating and fun! If only he was my physics lecturer! -.-

[@miks8]

HahAA! WRONG! :) First commercial quantum computer, D-Wave, already build and sold! :)) $15m price tag tho and takes up an entire room... just like the first electronic computers did in the beginning. Progress is always faster than we think it is.

[@miks8]

***** I don't see how you have refuted anything there.

[@miks8]

***** I agree. You're job is only to get informed yourself. D-wave is a quantum computer, built and sold for commercial use. www.dwavesys.com/quantum-computing It is completely irrelevant how efficient or non-efficient you think it is. It doesn't replace electronic computing either, it simply enables us, among other things, to solve optimization problems, which electric computing could not have solved before.

[@cyrusesfahani5935]

D-Wave's systems so far show little or no demonstrated promises of quantum computing; www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6195/420 To be fair Quantum computing is still in its infancy, maybe the software and algorithms used in D-wave's systems are not up to snuff. Hoefully a better quantum computing system will emerge out of the Quantum gate model which is harder to do. (D-Wave uses the Quantum Annealing/Adiabetic model)

[@marshalcraft]

***** quantum computers is a fallacy caused by widespread miss understanding of quantum dynamics. the only real thing it could do is implement a probablistic turing machine at the quantum level. while this is technically more powerful only in the sense of powerful in the academic computation theory, meaning of the word.

[@kallmekrissarchivetiktoks8012]

Peppermint hey would you mind seeing the date on which video was uploaded BTW thanks for giving information

[@tcozz12]

I got to see Michio Kaku last Wednesday, and he talked about this then. :) He's so awesome.

[@williammook8041]

The mistake Moore made is not normalizing by atomic weight. Engineering is a subset of chemistry and chemistry a subset of physics. Chemistry and physics deals with mass and energy. Not area or feature size. These are all derived units which really should be reduced to more basic units. A 100 micron thick wafer produced has been produced by DuPont. DuPont plans a printer technology that will print circuits made of solid state devices. So, we can imagine a 400 mm diameter wafer that's 0.1 mm thick -that's 12.57 cc of silicon massing 29.27 grams. 1 mole of silicon is 28.09 grams. With 90 nm feature size, a hexagon with a 90 nm edge is 21,044 nm2. There are 5.97 trillion hexagons inside a 400 mm diameter wafer. 204 billion features per gram. 204 trillion features per kilogram. Reducing this to 9 nm and 10 micron thick wafers increases this by a factor of 1000 or 204 trillion features per gram. www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130619/ncomms3061/full/ncomms3061.html This can be compared to Avogadro's number. 6.02e23 atoms. Now recall in biochemistry we use the term Daltons as a measure of atomic weight. A carbon atom has 12 Dalton mass. A silicon atom a 28.09 Dalton mass. The DuPont tech is 82.88 giga-Daltons per feature. The University of Arizona has identified the protein in the neural synaptic junction that stores and processes information. Its called a microtuble. There are dimers that move up and down the microtuble moving molecules into different well-defined conformations. These molecules cause the dimers, or Tubulin, to change direction and path also in well-defined ways, making a 2 dimensional version of a Turing Machine. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120309103701.htm When will circuitry equal Microtublin? Now, the basic computational element of this molecular machinery masses about 110,000 Daltons, or 753,454x smaller than the 9 nm feature on the 10 micron thick wafer. With an 18 month doubling cycle this will take 351 months or 29.28 years to achieve this level of sophistication. Molecular Computing Doubling Every Six Months! Just as IC engineering accelerated development over that of Vacuum Tube technology, Molecular engineering is vastly easier and quicker than IC engineering. Given this rate of development of molecular computing, I believe we are on an accelerating curve. Yes, silicon wafer technology might be slowing down, however, it is branching off in other directions, micro machinery for example. However, molecular level computing is developing and accelerating. Doubling every 6 months if you can believe it. In that case, we can expect to reach human levels of performance in 9.76 years - by 2025. Human Equivalence Not Required - Thinking Required Beforehand. Now, I do have a caveat about this. Namely, there is a lot more to being human than functioning as an economic human unit. I believe we are already at the point where we can build robots that function as economic equivalent units. This will free humans of economic requirements, once we perfect general self-replication. This requires a reboot of our economic and political system, which is underway. The new system will require emergent methods of control, if you can call it that, and digital currency based on self issued credit based on maximizing total human happiness and a few other limits. Ancient cultures may help us out here. The Mayan sought cosmic meaning apparently. The Greeks sought beauty. I am looking at organizing principles now and incorporating those into my bitcoin+ work. The absolute worst investment is building artificial intelligence that is better than people at killing and fooling people. In this regard our present military industrial intelligence government system is way off track. It will produce machinery far more efficient than a-bombs and h-bombs in killing people. It will sink our civilization very shortly unless something is done to remove the mad folks running things from power. When will Moore's expansion end? We have 30 years to reach the level presently implemented in the human brain. There is no reason we cannot improve upon this design to create super-human computing. In fact, designs have already been proposed that will see a further increase by a factor of 1000 a least without changing the fundamental molecular computing paradigm we already have well understood. This is another 10 doublings which add 180 months (15 years) using the IC rate of doubling, or 60 months (5 years) using the molecular computing rate of doubling, to our earlier figures - putting the end at 2060 at the slow rate and 2030 at the higher rate- with circuitry that is 1000x more efficient than the human brain! Is that the end? No! When we deal with molecules we are approaching the quantum limit. This is not the end, but the beginning, since we can use quantum entanglement to perform quantum computations in a non-classical way. Also, Jacob Bekenstein showed that black holes can store and process information. String theory suggests that microscopic black holes may be possible for our particle accelerators to create. Once we have micro-black holes in our possession, they are easier to make! Interacting black holes can process information far more rapidly than possible with molecules. Furthermore, 80% or more of the matter in the cosmos may be WIMPs - weakly interacting massive particles. Stable micro-black holes the irradiate everything the same as the 3K background radiation! Once we have made a few engineered micro-black holes, it is very likely that we can use them to interact with this WIMP flux and do a number of amazing things. One of these will be to send information through time, which opens up another computational development arc; Popular Article about Black Hole Computers www.newscientist.com/article/dn8836-black-holes-the-ultimate-quantum-computers.html Hans Moravec paper on Negative Time delay effect on Computing www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1991/TempComp.html The future's so bright you've got to wear shades! :-) The Future's so Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades Once we signal through time any conventional measure of acceleration cannot be applied as there is no conventional limiting factor at that point. One way to think about this statement is to consider Bekenstein's equation that equates massenergy and information and Hawking radiation which extracts energy from the Zero point. Its clear that if energy can be extracted from the vacuum or disappear into the vacuum, then information can be stored and retrieved in the vacuum as well.

[@therealb888]

William Mook Thanks for the enlightenment copy paste god!

[@joaquinninoortega156]

7nm is available now

[@akib89]

BigThink, you're awesome for giving a platform to smart people like Dr. Michio Kaku to talk. Thanks! :)

[@prwexler]

(01:48) "The quantum theory takes over..." No, Dr. Kaku. Quantum theory is clearly no longer a theory. It's quantum FACT! AMAZING STUFF! Just wish it did not interfere with greater chip efficiency! God, Michio Kaku is so easy to listen to.

[@ViperVenoM13]

Peter Wexler it's not a fact because of the heizenberg uncertainty principle. There is always unknown parameters. Like Einstein said quantum mechanics is not false but it not complete...

[@Urahara1001]

Part of the problem not gone into is that of the bus choke point. No matter how fast your processor operates, you have to have a bus speed that gets information in and out of it quickly enough to take advantage of it. That's one of the reasons for parallel processing; split the task among more processors, and you widen the choke, like adding more lanes on a highway. Another solution is dynamic processing; building chips that can switch between being RAM and processor instantaneously.

[@InfiniteUniverse88]

Moore's law ended in 2005.

[@173rdherd6]

I thought Intel said 2018

[@InfiniteUniverse88]

173rd Herd There's a youtube video with a professor from Purdue who was contacted by Intel to help develop the 22nm transistor (used in I5 processor). He said that Moore's law died in 2005. I think it's called "single atom transistor" if I remember correctly.

[@InfiniteUniverse88]

Moore's law measures computing power, not cost.

[@InfiniteUniverse88]

Only a bottom up approach will be effective at this point.

[@pieluver1234]

InfiniteUniverse88 If you're talking about the use of silicon, then yes it ended quite a while ago. If you're talking about the rate at which electronics are computing, then no.

[@OmerKhan1]

1:17 In late 2024 2nm process will be implemented in which the smallest gate pitch will be 45 nm and metal pitch will be 20 nm. Therefore, the smallest gate pitch will be 225 atoms across and the smallest metal pitch will be 100 atoms across. I think we have a long way to go before we get down to 5 atoms across.

[@ycombinator765]

toh matlab intezar karna parega. Nice!

[@korbynkhloe3651]

not all true. If the universe is for free, so is energy. I have solutions. plane ticket please. you just need to think outside of your physical body. ;)

[@kappix]

mfw

[@dkamm65]

I just read an article on the possibility of transistors based on conductive carbon nanotubes. The tubes themselves do not heat up when subjected to a current. The heat output jumped to a silicon substrate instead, keeping the nanotubes cool.

[@dariocristian2210]

Speak a "bit" more loud please.

[@Nikolai3858]

Optical Computers With optical Prosessors is the NEXT think when it gets cheaper. It can make a computer 1000x-100000x faster.

[@SIMKINETICS]

The number of permutations for binary states of 5 atoms is 5 factorial, which is 15. Any discrete arrangement of states has 15 possibilities, of which both 5 & 3 are integer divisor subsets & prime numbers. This explanation does not describe the exact calculation process, but it does demonstrate that this calculation is possible.

[@SasawatChanate]

Seriously, I wouldn't think of watching this channel without this dude!

[@ze39441]

Sometimes people have interest and we need to do that kind of talk, showing that science isn't a matter of super human, that dominate calculus, physics, etc; in fact it's a matter of things that we live and experiencing in our life, everyday. Michio is doing what he does best: Comunicating and share knowledge... Be humble and wise, sincere and simple, be a scientist.

[@2s2bs]

Big Think, we need more from Dr. Kaku!

[@dbztitan]

From what I just read in that report, "they may not be made of silicon at that point" which is what Dr. Kaku is referring to. There are a number of people in the technology field that estimate approximately a decade before problems begin to arise, so I certainly don't think Dr. Kaku is "completely wrong" and that "the video should be removed".

[@PlasmaMongoose]

Back in 2008, I saw an ad for a High End PC with 1Tb drive, in 2010 I got myself a Middle Of The Line PC with 1Tb drive but now in 2013, most MOTL PCs still have only about 1-2Tb drives. In the same amount of time 10 years earlier, we went from 1Gb drives to 10Gb drives. In conclusion, Moore's Law is showing down.

[@flycrack7686]

then you have never understood Moore's law from the beginning, it has nothing to do with storage to even begin with! Furthermore comparing your usecase for storage to the storage market makes it even more useless and actually very stupid.

[@shkotay]

They are also working on using graphene as a new material for computing :D If they can make it work it'll extend our computing power quite a ways. I might be wrong though, I think Kaku said this but I am not totally certain. I never even heard of the rest of these potential computing systems.

[@stepback1317]

You're right that you can convey more data in ternary, but it's harder to process the data, and the net result is that ternary is slower than binary for conventional computing, hence why we don't do it. Quantum computing is powerful because you are 0 and 1 simultaneously, which means you can perform operations on every possible state of a system at once, but the drawback is you can only ever get ONE answer when you try to measure it.

[@italixgaming915]

Anyway, I don't think that we'll need molecular computers or quantum computers, at least for a common usage. We already reached a point where the most powerful computers are capable of almost everything we could dream on a personal level. There will be no need, for example, to display more than 300 frames per second in 8K resolution for gaming because our eyes wouldn't be able to see the difference. The interest of reaching 300 FPS or 8K is already debatable. So when the domestic computers will be able to achieve that, which is the most diffiicult task for a domestic usage, there will be no need to develop more powerful computers. Only very particular needs will require more power.

[@masternobody1896]

but I like more power full computers. So there is a need

[@el-_-grando-_-_-scabandri]

i am tired of playing a character who wear clothes with no physics like a rubber , or a wandering pedestrians npcs with a dumb ai and no interactivity , you know ?

[@shahzebabbasi8729]

You wire the molecule transistor like the same way you switch its state by “turning” it ON and OFF. We’re half way through your projection of 10 years and Moore’s Law still rocking!

[@Impact2us]

this is the only reason why i subbed to this channel

[@TheVoidPt]

Dear Dr. Michio Kaku, In the future, or in one or more pararel universes, we have the power to travel in time. This would provide the fascinating ability to study ones origins. a) Could UFOs belong to time travelers? b) would the contact with them explain the knowledge of our galaxy present in past civilizations? c) If they helped us in the past, were are they now? Could their influence had changed our timeline, preventing us from reaching type 1 or above?

[@Surtak]

He went over 3D computers briefly, it's really just working to squeeze the last bit of performance out of conventional computing and it still has very real limitations that are nowhere near to what Moore's Law would make you believe.

[@HiAdrian]

Moore's law refers to transistor count per unit area. So manufacturing large dies or using more of them in parallel does nothing to catch up.

[@MZZenyl]

Dr. Kaku is the only reason I'm subbed to this channel.

[@Unethical.Dodgson]

I'd say right now that Optic computing is probably the most cost effective and could yield the highest frequency response but as to what CPU manufacturers will go with, it's anyone's guess right now :)

[@handsomebrick]

Silicon has been very good to us, it's the whole reason that Moore's Law ever made any sense, I would be very surprised if any kind of adequate substitute could be found. Optical sounds promising.

[@Bheretus]

yes the chip is in 3d but it only calculates on 2 dimensions,the chip makes calculates in width and length of the chip,now they are adding calculations into height,adding the third

[@rtwhite1546]

There exist much more significant calculations -- solving optimization problems, problems we can't even solve because the calculations are too long (NP-Hard problems). It can help businesses strategize shipping, help colleges schedule their classes without conflicts, project management. The people using it won't know how it does it (just like I don't know what numerical scheme Excel uses to calculate F distributions), but these too could become just another triviality for Excel.

[@JohnnyViBrittania]

Michio, I just bought your book 'Physics of the Impossible' online and I can't WAIT to read it!

[@jamesberry4514]

Reason, truth, and brilliance converge to give Dr. Kaku's perspectives.

[@vitaelamorte06]

finally a michio kaku playlist!!!

[@Felewin]

Excellent purple and gold fractal tie, Kaku.

[@samridhmukhiya]

he's talking about the point when these transistors reach a threshold where information processing becomes so fast problems such as critical overheating or loss of data might occur. you obviously don't think that when something reaches it's physical performance pinnacle that it can still go further. Everything in a physcial state has a limit and same applies to transistors, and he's talking about quantum computing, computing in teraflops, not just a handful of teraflops mind it!

[@stepback1317]

The breakthroughs in quantum computing have been huge, but they are all limited to a small number of qubits. Preskill (1998) calculated that you'd need about a million qubits for a quantum computer to outperform the best classical ones. Recently, an NMR group in Shanghai factorised 143 into 13x11 using FOUR qubits. This is a huge step, but it is still a VERY long way from a million qubits! Scaling a quantum computer from a few qubits to a million, interconnected ones is going to take decades.

[@MisterCBZ]

Mr. Kaku, I just want you to know that I'm reading your book Physics of the Impossible, it blows my mind every day.

[@levyxx1]

Yes, I've been waiting for Michio Kaku to make another video =)

[@vivlevivle]

Im talking about using graphene as a wire substetute in molecular computers. The thing about creating processors out of graphene, from my knowledge of transistors the silicon needs to be laced with certian impurities so that the transistor would perform its function. The reason I suppose it will be hard to make a graphene processor is because it is only one atom thick and that will make it hard for the impurities to be put in.

[@jimbob172]

He is an amazing speaker. I want more!!

[@fusionsoul]

Parallel processing is already around, and machines with multiple cores are HOT and require more electricity. Also, I don't know of anyone working on protein or molecular computers that has made any significant progress. However, University of Utah's Christoph Boehme accomplished an important feat in 2010 in quantum computing, storing info in atomic nuclei for 112 seconds (up from 2) and then retrieving it successfully (never done previously). I'd wager quantum computing is the future.

[@flycrack7686]

8 years later: no real quantum computing still. But moores law is still running. better dont predict the future again.

[@Carebearbull]

I came as fast as I could! I was in a meeting and had to drop off the kids. Yea, I got the mail. Michio has a new big think video out. Aww yeah!

[@sinekonata]

yes and because of people using the spam flag for "incorrect" opinions, I can never know if some comment is really spam or not and have to check it out anyway...

[@zagros24]

Is not too late dude. there are good teachers like Dr Kaku. it just require a will to find the right path!

[@syawkcab]

Dr. kaku visited my school once. He uses his hands to explain everything. there was a q and a session and you would think he's dancing :) very bright guy though

[@kennethjoenck584]

You are absolutely right... Even the problem with decoherence has been solved some time ago, and again for some days ago... I think Michio kaku needs to update his repetoir..

[@LukasLiesis]

You don't need the huge mass production of those new computer chips. Things are already connected and internet is faster every year. Nvidia already has a beta project to play video intensive games on any simple laptop without any powerful chips onsite because computing machine is somewhere in a cloud and you stream your computing requests to that cloud and get a result. So what we will need is super powerful mega computers connected to your simple machine. And this doesn't require a chip to be so small to fit in a phone/laptop. It can be bigger and it solves the main problem described in a video - heat, and size. What do you think about this?

[@DeaconSwayne]

Thats more or less what they already do. Although difficult, we can shield the atoms from outside disturbances well enough by putting them in a sealed box. The issue then, becomes one of how to take a reading of the atoms while theyre inside the sealed box without disturbing them. You have to put a sensor inside the box too, and the consequences of doing that are obvious.

[@ankushmanocha9355]

Amazing Call Recorder (ANKUSH MANOCHA) This application is used to record all incoming voice calls on your android device in wav format. All recordings will be automatically saved in your device Sdcard path like /sdcard/Amazing_Call_Recorder/ folder. This application starts a background service to sniff the incoming calls and then start recording them in specified Sdcard folder.

[@eagleeye1975]

I love Michio Kaku. I watch every BigThink with him in it.

[@SailSmBi]

Even if you have a compiler that allows you to write a quantum computer program in Java it is still fundamentally different than normal computing. For instance something simple like "int x=5;" doesn't make sense because data stored isn't in a specific quantum state it is a superposition of states so it could look something like "int x = 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5"

[@nontrainspotter]

That is cool! So is your field of study likely to provide personal consumables in the forseable future?

[@hawaiidispenser]

Been watching Michio for at least 10 years now on various science shows and I somehow can't shake the feeling that I don't put a lot of stock in what he's saying. Maybe it's just because he deals with theoretical and speculative issues.

[@demonsoulzx]

yes, the super computers are used for many different practical reasons. many engineering problems, virtual analysis, video rendering, and so forth. but the driving force behind any private company's technological advancement is money. if the common user has no want for it and will not pay for it, private companies will most likely not invest in making it.

[@DemonicDaron]

i think we have already got the best computer ever existed, the only problem is that we are still struggling to understand how it works in detail. If you think about that, the brain (not only the human one) is just a computer: it works with electricity, it carries out its tasks starting from basic and simple concepts etc. We have always been inspired by nature, and always been trying to copy it. In my opinion the way to go is to create a computer that uses chemical reactions to control --->

[@FoxhoundVnzla]

i always learn something new with dr kaku, if i had to choose another profession i would like to be like him, so much badassery!

[@americanu197]

until a total scraping of silicon i have heard talk of combining silicon with carbon and that could extend the capabilities of silicon tremendously and would keep pulling money out of our pockets for upgrades

[@patrickthepure]

Me too, and I relieve my feelings by thinking that when I die, I no longer have a working brain that wants to live more in order to see everything and feel bad for not being able to see it.

[@ThePokerftw]

this guy is amazing, all qualities of a great leader. smart and great speaker, and convincing.

[@JediBladeMaster]

He has better things to do, but it would great if he had his own channel. Though, I'm thankful for the time he's shared with us now. And Thanks to Bigthink.

[@Surtak]

Well the point is that it isn't the number of possible states that increases speed, but really how quickly you can change between them. A ternary system might have to switch all three states rather than two, which makes me believe it might be slower. It might perform the same as binary, but I don't think it would give any reason to be faster.

[@plavix221]

Believe it or not Single Electron transistors are on the way. That is fancy. A group in London is already working on mass production method. At 5 nm they will use atomic force microscope to build stencils for Nano Imprint Lithography. Half adders, the fundamental blocks of logic were already build. Instead of 20 transistor you now only need 3 SET and two normal transistors. Ultra low power chips are on the way. :)

[@erickallage]

michio there is graphine type that 1 atom thick that has no leakage due to its conductivity and if the transistors leak they just move directly to the pat they were on in the first place or you can layer them in 3D and potentially have some computers that are thin as paper but as fast as super computers. THUMBS UP IF YOU AGREE!!!

[@ShyguyMM]

In the thumbnail, Kaku is about to take a sip of invisible tea.

[@drhoads08]

Moore's Law is just an observation, not an actual scientific "law". Also, it is actually that transistor density doubles, not performance as stated in the video.

[@flycrack7686]

and its still running and not dead in 2022 like he said.

[@mkwarlock]

The availability of information causes that illusion. People shouldn't be judged by what they know/think (because it's affected greatly by the era they live in), but by HOW they think.

[@PurpleCateen]

I never get bored watching Dr. Michio Kaku talk.

[@KittenKodersViews]

Still presents many flaws, the leakage being the biggest one. Any conductive material can disrupt it. 3D chips themselves are easy, making them small enough and cost effective is not easy. What he is speaking about in this matter specifically is the corridor size limit, mono-electron pathways are not possible with silicon tech. Basically, we are getting the chips as small and as fast as we can now, thus multicore popularity.

[@theSpicyHam]

Yay, new video. Moore's law is a prediction, not really a physics or mathematical formula. (Moores, well made, well dressed, well priced)

[@ProgressionFilms]

In terms of personal computing power, we are already doing it pretty fast. I mean.... we have 12 core processors running at 3.2 ghz. How much faster do you need it to be?

[@bigdog91paper]

No, your statement about 1080p resolution being close to the maximum our eyes can detect is wrong. It's wrong because you can keep the same pixel density and expand the monitor. I'm still waiting until they have a monitor with the pixel density of a iPhone or Android screen. Graphics in videos games are not increasing because they still need to sell the game to a lot of people, and a lot of people don't have the best pc's out there. So you will make a lot more money (and cut production time)

[@joshbrochill92]

I'm saying Just listening to him talk is great in and of itself. It doesn't matter what the subject may be.

[@JaveLester]

Optical CPU, Optical RAM, Optical Hard Drive, Optical Graphics Card are the best and potential technologies that might be within the next 20 years

[@lxThePrincexl]

holy crap everything i learned in chem, physics, and comp sci are all starting to come together O.o

[@stardude692001]

I think cloud computing and quantum computing will evolve hand in hand. It will be at least a century before you can fit a quantum computer into the size of an average desktop let alone a smart phone, but if we start running direct fiber connections to homes and business it will make a lot more sense to concentrate computing power in a few locations were you can control the environment and make quantum computing work.

[@Jotto999]

Well, I live in Ontario first of all. Second, I know the situation in the US is bad, but I doubt people are going to stop buying computers, ever. The price of computing keeps falling, and although the US' financial situation is utterly FUBAR (as well as some European places), it's not like the market for computers is going to vanish. In Africa cellphone use is growing extremely quickly, and I predict an exceedingly low chance that Americans will ever be worse off than Africans today.

[@hatecorpse]

Just had to say this about the last one. When did Big Think start doing advertisements for companies? SOUTHWEST I MUST FLY SOUTHWEST!

[@csgaylord]

I am 86 years old and I not ready to die because there is too many really fun things to learn about in the sciences. Parallel computing sounds great until one tackles the coordination problem. A program designed for parallel processors must mete out chunks of a problem in such a way that no processor is waiting for another processor to finish chewing on its chunk of data. I see that as a programmers nightmare. Just saying.

[@beegum1]

You could try and find a speed limit and a correlated market need to determine what the likely normal limit is. We can see with super computers that we can always use size to compensate, to some extent, anyway. There is a limit to the amount of power a person might even need, such as when nuance becomes to subtle to even be noticed, such as in a video game.

[@seelad]

Interesting, very useful information to know.

[@AnnevanRossum]

May be he means factorization of 15 into two factors, 5 and 3. This is done by Shor's algorithm, it finds the prime factors. Current record is now (oct. 2012) the factorization of 21.

[@Ghettofinger]

Perhaps, however if you can get it right, bio-computers (such as a molecular computer) are incredibly powerful, and they can repair themselves.