Blood Types: ABO and Rh (with donuts and sprinkles!)

All about blood types - ABO and Rh blood groups. Who donates to whom? How are blood types inherited? What are the medical issues involved with transfusions? DON'T memorize that donor / recipient table - watch this video instead!
Links to videos mentioned:
Mendelian Genetics: Fun with Cats and Peas • Mendelian Genetics - F...
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VIDEO DETAILS:
Blood Groups: ABO and Rh
Blood Group Systems
32 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion
The most important of these: ABO blood group system and Rh blood group system
Discovery of ABO Blood Types
ABO blood types were discovered in 1900 by Dr. Karl Landsteiner at the University of Vienna
He wondered why some patients died as a result of blood transfusions and others did not
Inheritance
Blood types are inherited genetic traits (like eye color, hair color, etc.)
ABO Analogy: Donuts and Sprinkles
donut = red blood cell
A sprinkles = A antigens
B sprinkles = B antigens
no sprinkles = no antigens (plain donut)
What are the antigens chemically?
Alleles in the ABO System
i = base (plain donut)
IA = encodes A antigens
IB = encodes B antigens
Allele Combinations
ii
IAIA or IAi
IBIB or IBi
IAIB
Antigens and Antibodies
The antigens you have on your blood cells are recognized by your immune system as SELF antigens
If foreign antigens are discovered in your body, antibodies (or immunoglobulins) will be made by B cells of the immune system
Antibody Structure
Antigen + Antibody = agglutination reaction
Agglutination = the clumping of particles
Latin: agglutinare meaning 'to glue'
Mixing of all blood groups and the result
KEY: CANNOT transfuse if foreign antigens are introduced!!!
The Rh Antigen
Inherited in Mendelian fashion!
Medical issue: Rh- mother and Rh+ fetus
Good News...
Rho(D) Globulin Treatment
("RhoGAM")

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Christine Albatal hhhhhhhhhhhhh agree 😅

[@karlayork877]

Not cookies -- donuts, of course! ;-)

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When your voice says your destined to be a sweet little grandma

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Why can't my lecturers sound this kind and enthused 😂 so good.

[@Penguinprof]

Awww... thank you so much! Glad you found it helpful. And I'll let my vocal coach know! 😃

[@amandainskeep_shelton3766]

You explained this better in a few minutes than I have understood in 2 weeks of study. THANK YOU!

[@avi5278]

I'm so getting an A+ on my Bio final. In fact, it's even in my blood.

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Avi : I give lot of women a positive oooo time cuz my blood go is O+

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@Brian Mino sounds like aids to me

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Probably the BEST educating video. Education systems should follow similar concepts!

[@Penguinprof]

+Yasser Abood Wow! Thanks so much! You made this penguin blush.

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@@Penguinprof do all gay people have the same blood type?

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13:08 "He's so positive" 😂😂😂

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Nice😂😂 dear

[@dinatorres1222]

I have had this explained to me 1,000 times by different professors, and I have always struggled with antigen vs antibody, and it's been so frustrating. You are the only who has explained this in a way that I can actually understand! Thank you!

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haha!

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Great clarity, mnemonic, and tone! Loved this explanation :)

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so informative... Thank you

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Q

[@jarrodpairgin6886]

thank you so much. i have a blood test tomorrow and was freaking out with all the crap i had to learn on top of this chart and you just made it soooo easy! THANK YOU! nursing school is so hard but people like you who make these videos make a major difference in helping me study

[@Penguinprof]

+Jarrod Pairgin Thanks for watching - I'm so glad to hear you found it helpful! Keep at it and GOOD LUCK!!!

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T'was just so impressive! The explanation, clarity of the video and your voice was just perfect!!! Thank you so much! It helped a lot!😄😄😄

[@Penguinprof]

I'm so glad to hear it! Thanks for watching!

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This analogy sounded so weird at first, but after watching I realize it was just *perfect*. Thank you so much :)

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This is right up there (if not better) with the best - Khan Academy, Bozeman Science, Crash Course... thanks for your amazing work!

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I absolutely loves this video. Shes a great teacher! Keep me interested the entire time and made it relatable.

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You have saved me with my human bio test! Thank you so much!!! It was very easy to understand, much more than the strange worksheets given in class. Thank you again!

[@cinnireseisri]

Best description I've seen thus far. Thank you!

[@skylaradele8090]

What a wonderful comparison.

[@Penguinprof]

+Skylar Adele (sky) Thanks so much - I'm glad you found it helpful.

[@calligirlg5788]

Hi. Do you have additional resources for RH negative blood type? There seems to be very little info on the internet. Thank you!

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I love your lecture - you enthusiasm and up beat personality in your voice make it much more fun learn.

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Literally the most helpful teaching video I've ever watched. Thank you!

[@anujamanjul]

I just saw donuts on thumbnail and I came here...

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Thank you so much! I couldn't understand any of this during lecture & you just explained it to me in such a short amount of time, thank you❤️

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You have such a wonderful voice. It has the magical ability to cheer everyone up.

[@sherricabryars951]

This was awesome. I missed lecture on this topic and because I watched this video I don't feel lost at all. Very confident now. Thank you.

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This is excellent and I love the humor. Please keep posting awesome videos like this one!

[@andrewo7024]

You are so nice and really good at explaining, thanks so much :)

[@Buddles]

I’m not even from the medical field but this was so easy to follow and learn. Great job explaining the subject!

[@Penguinprof]

I'm so glad you let me know!

[@adrianaodusanya1529]

Awesome visuals and comparisons. Thank you!

[@JenniferRodriguez-jy4qt]

Studying hard for my final! Pray that I get an A on my anatomy final !

[@kujo3423]

Thanks for the clarification.

[@nicoleparker183]

love this! Now i have a clear understanding about blood typing... still a lil confuse about Rh antigen.

[@ridaqazalbash4992]

Thank you so much ma'am for making this so easy to understand, loved this! :)

[@chelseamccoy4006]

This was an amazing video and I loved the donut analogy. They way you explained the material was very helpful.

[@TheOneRaf]

The donut analogy works great! Never gonna forget this! Very interesting. Thank you!

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You are incredible. Your energy is very contagious and engaging.

[@hayleybartek8643]

This video was provided by one of my professors in a medical program. It would very helpful for someone who has never learned about the ABO group before.

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Fantastic video!! So clear and provided the right depth of relevant information.

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Thank you very much for the clarity in your voice and explanation. Very informative and easy to follow along. Please make more videos especially regarding other science topics!!

[@sanginishah3814]

Beautifully explained, makes sense when you break it down like this...especially into doughnuts :) Thank you very much!

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Very clear cut! Good job

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Best analogy ever, donut with sprinkles .... Thank God we have teachers like you out there...

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You saved my life. I love you. I'm so gonna ace my final tomorrow. Thankyouu.

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I actually enjoy learning when I am listening to you. Thank you.

[@Penguinprof]

Happy to hear that!

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This was an awesome way to remember the fast paced lecture I had last week! haha thank you!

[@Penguinprof]

+Cassie Mcvaney So glad you found it helpful. Donuts for everyone!!

[@DeathAngleZoe]

Loved this! Thank you so much!

[@0230Raveena]

Thank You for sharing. This is absolutely helpful and interactive. Much Appreciated. :)

[@MooMooMath]

Very helpful video. I teach middle school and blood typing is challenging for my students. This video will help. Thanks

[@eddiefishpig]

Great help for me to understand these concepts. Thanks!

[@Annabe88e]

This was amazing! I loved learning more about my blood type, especially the ending because I am a pregnant lady with o negative blood conceiving a positive baby. Thank you...you kept me interested the whole way through!. :)

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Adriana B did you get the shot? I got it with my first but there are lot of side effects of getting it too. I don't trust it

[@Theresa1057]

What was the baby’s blood type?

[@julietiscoull]

Thank you for all of your help! This made it so much easier to understand :)

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Good job. smooth presentation with no interruptions. Splendid!!!

[@Penguinprof]

+amadu adams Thanks!!!

[@Elisheval]

This is very well done. I'm taking my nursing national boards exam and I was looking for a visual refresher on blood and RH and this was great. :)

[@vswtruong]

Excellent video! One of the best by far! Thank you!

[@jeananatomy5408]

Very well presented. The ABO group system could be hard to understand but you made it look real simple.Awesome. job!

[@rufusi7800]

Going from videos to videos to understand this concept after i learned it in class which it never made sense until I found this one simple and easy to understand. Thanks

[@Penguinprof]

Glad it helped! Thanks for letting me know!

What a great video! I just understand something I heard when I was a child (my dad is Rh- and my mother was pregnant. They were checking the blood type of my little sister for knowing if that was her last pregnancy). GREAT GREAT GREAT CHANNEL!!

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Your lesson is so interesting and heartwarming! ☺️

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You just helped me SO much! Thank you!!!

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the best video I've found on this! Thanks !

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This video was SO helpful. Thank you so much!!

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this lady is amazing.

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the sweetest voice , best educating video ,thank you so much

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Your are AMAZINGGGG. You made this topic for USMLE more easy to understand!! Thank you!!

[@abdulmonemalharbi9373]

woow I study ABO through past 10 years and always forget it but now with donuts example it stuck in my head , thank u very much

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I cant tell how much I am glad I found your video! Thank you so much. It was very helpful!!

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I looked for this out of pure curiousity, and I really enjoyed this video. Eaesily understandable, thankies :d

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First time came across this channel and felt in love w the narrator's voice

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THANK YOU SO MUCH!! You are so clever and sweet and funny this are the moments when you enjoy learning, loved it, keep the donnuts and kitties flow up!!

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This video is amazing!! The first women I've heard on youtube science channels! You sound so happy and nice and all the pictures have really got this ingrained in my memory. Thanks heaps and please keep making these videos!

[@Penguinprof]

Thank you so much for letting me know!!! I'm glad you found it helpful. I make as many videos as I can, but I'm a full-time professor, so my day job (and my own students) are always my priority...

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Actually i was checking all this information from several days but can’t find a good answer. After watching this video all of my doubts have cleared. Thank you

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That was really helpful, I appreciate your efforts.

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You just nailed it ... outstanding explanation

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Useful and very entertaining video! You made learning less stressful & at the same time fun 😊now i finally understand!

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I wish my biology teacher would explain topics in such a fun and interesting way...thank you so much!!!

[@lizrivas5809]

Thank you for this vid. Hoping to see videos of other blood types too!

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OH GOSH! This is the best video ever for understanding this! And her voice is so soothing thing and mellow about the whole thing! I came here freaking out about this paper I have to write about the inheritance of blood types and I feel so much more confident now. Thank you!!!!

[@Penguinprof]

+Stacy McCarthy You've made this penguin blush! Thanks for the kind words - I'm so glad you found it helpful!

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AW! You're very welcome! I'm re-watching the video to make sure I didn't miss anything, and wow! I wish you were my Bio professor! Thanks again!

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so awesome..... and easily understood about blood types,,,,,,,,,,thank you penguin prof channel

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I love this. I learned so much.

[@HOMERTINKLE]

Your doughnut analogy was SO easy to comprehend !! Thank you so much !!!!!!

[@Penguinprof]

+Donnie Lloyd You are so welcome! Stay tuned - a PENGUIN CHAT video is going up this week with blood typing problems submitted by Penguin Prof subscribers!

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ىلؤ

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I had a hard time understanding my article critique assignment about RH negative blood. You really helped me understand the verbiage from my article. Good Job Thank You

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Thank you so much!!!

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You have beautiful voice. Very well explained - thanks!

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two different teachers and done could have explain this as good as she did. thank you

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