Boltzmann Brains - Why The Universe is Most Likely a Simulation

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Watch Part 2 over on Isaac Arthur's channel
• Boltzmann Brains & the...
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If you'd like to know more about Boltzmann Brains, here are some informative papers:
arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0208013
arxiv.org/abs/0704.2630
arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0611271
arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0611043
arxiv.org/abs/1708.00449
arxiv.org/abs/1702.00850
Hi! I'm Jade. Subscribe to Up and Atom for physics, math and computer science videos!
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Jules Rankin
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Animations
Tom Groenestyn
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www.epidemicsound.com/

[@pranavpallekhi2491]

So, I'm a Boltzmann brain that has come up with a hallucination of a KZbin video deftly explaining my own nature to me? Nice!

[@angelisvegan5826]

Well you can do quite a lot of stuff in a simulation..but you do possess some amount of control over your life.. Like if you study hard , you're less likely to fail ..or put it this way..if you eat healthy and do excercise regularly..you're less likely to die early..or die of cancer

[@angelisvegan5826]

@ayushlacu o as you yourself have mentioned that this is just a theory ... You need not to freak out.. This is far from reality.. atleast our reality.. biology and chemistry is real.. physics doesn't completely support this idea either.. Just keep learning science.. we don't know what can interest you .

[@angelisvegan5826]

@ayushlacu o no problemo..

[@jsdhinchakdude]

No I did that

[@roneystapes]

So all of you "people" are just my imagination, in reality I am just a brain floating around in a void, trippy

[@scrappymark]

That was a legit Michael Stevens, “or is it?”, at the beginning 😂 Awesome video as always!

[@erik-ic3tp]

I wonder where Michael Stevens is nowadays. I think it's a pity he stopped making KZbin video's a while back.

[@heyandy889]

@@erik-ic3tp go over to the D!NG channel, he has made quite a few videos over the past 6 months

[@erik-ic3tp]

@@heyandy889, I know. But what about his main (original) account?

[@eaterdrinker000]

@@erik-ic3tp : In recent years, he has only made "Mind Field" videos on his Vsauce1 channel, which are only accessible through KZbin Premium. However, I think they're worth the money!

[@vivekverma1832]

That "Or is it?" reminded me of Vsauce🤣 I seriously expected that music to play.🤣 But on a serious note, this was an awesome video.

[@jensb9909]

I thought the very same thing :)

[@stevedoe1630]

When the dolphins heard these theories from earth natives, they realized their help would never be truly appreciated, and they were like, “So long, and thanks for all the fish.”

[@yalta5060]

?

[@ca-ke9493]

Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy :D

[@flakeyjunk2410]

That cake did nothing! It was innocent!

[@upandatom]

you don't know that

[@simonbolivar6960]

@@upandatom that was very smart, randomly crushing a cake so in the comments we would talk about it and thus making the magic algorithm take notice

[@HungryGuyStories]

The cake is a lie!!!

[@zell9058]

It’s still edible.. just saying.

[@AltMarc]

@@upandatom Eat cake... like in replica.ai or Alice in the Wonderlands, not so innocent...

[@unexpected2475]

Came here from Isaac Arthur (actually I saw these in the wrong order) and I like your animations and style of teaching. You've earned a subscriber from me!

[@upandatom]

welcome!

[@erik-ic3tp]

Same for me too. :)

[@Jameson1776]

Same here

[@ChrisWoodBandit]

I like the drawings and animations a lot too. I had a professor who taught Electricity&Magnetism that drew cartoons on the whiteboard and I loved it because it was fun but also something about it really helps me to learn.

[@coryjohnson7025]

Same here also

[@DennisComella]

5:45 Boltzmann may have faced constant attacks, but he just responded with "k".

[@booklover-hu9tw]

Love this comment😂

[@hoodedR]

The disapproval from the scientific community is what drove his depression and ultimately his suicide lmao

[@TheRojo387]

Servant K is the host of the Immortals' side of the Dark Era campaign in Dinosaur Adventure Forever.

[@maheshkanojiya4858]

😂😂😂

[@jonthecomposer]

I am a Schroedinger-Boltzmann brain: I am both a Boltzmann brain and also not a Boltzmann brain until observed.

[@hoodedR]

Ah the consciousness that exhibits wave particle duality...

[@leviathan-8579]

Well I’m just his cat

[@hughgordon6435]

@@leviathan-8579 immortal, until observed?

[@leviathan-8579]

Hugh Gordon precisely

[@lone_puppy3539]

I thought this also. Then I thought, could it be possible to be the Boltzmann brain of the Schrodinger cat, attempting to observe and quantify it's situation and in doing so observe itself at the transition from life to death? Leading to reflection of it's life or existence leading up to that instant, bringing more questions or mental projected simulations of alternate life that it could have lead to result in a different outcome. Or not. Who know's, I'm just plucking from thin air.

[@ChaotiX1]

One day im going to die, and when I open my eyes theres going to be a bunch of aliens all crowded around me asking "so how was it?"

[@sid2112]

Roy: A life well lived. Look it up.

[@sid2112]

@@andrewfrankovic6821 the universe is too complete to be a simulation.

[@BandAid350z]

@@andrewfrankovic6821 “people with political convictions going out of existence is good.” That makes your own existence being snuffed out good because your anti-political rhetoric is a political stance. I find it interesting how strong the anti-human dogma is in those who purport to be curious of “science.”

[@asloii_1749]

@@BandAid350z what

[@fotticelli]

That reminds me the scene when Austin Powers was defrosted after 30 years. "Evacuation compl.... Evacuation co... comp... comp..."

[@BenThatOneGuy]

I AM SO HAPPY FOR THIS COLAB! Hope you two get to do a longer format video or something!

[@Adrischa]

I am always impressed how you manage to break down those complex topics. Great job

[@lawrencedoliveiro9104]

Any argument that leads us to conclude that we are most likely living in a simulation can also be applied to those who are purportedly running the simulation, to conclude that they are most likely in a simulation themselves. And so on to some quite deep degree (depending on the probability you estimate). Like for example hundreds of thousands of levels.

[@phr3ui559]

Infinite regression fallacy

[@ismayonnaiseaninstrument8700]

Did Neo ever leave the Matrix?

[@zoltano_cortez]

@@ismayonnaiseaninstrument8700 most likely no. The architect had enough iterations of the matrix constructed previously to realize the necessity to implement a firewall for people like Neo. Send them all to a second, smaller matrix and do some garbage collection. And occasionally reboot the main Matrix just to fix memory leaks or whatever else. I like to think that in base reality, the Matrix is actually a prison to trap the machines and let them think they won the war and trapped the humans in their own matrix. Like running a virtual machine in a virtual machine. But there is nothing I can think of to suggest that is the case, it's just a nice thought.

[@spookynelly912]

@@phr3ui559 what's fallacious about it?

[@chemusvandergeek1209]

'Negative; I am a meat popsicle.' --Corbin Dallas

[@muffinman8744]

Green? Super green.

[@muffinman8744]

@darrellw dobson Aziz.... LIGHT!

[@joedempseysr.3376]

I am very DISAPPOINTED! !

[@iangrant8174]

it's minus 5000 degrees kelvin in here, ...

[@polychoron]

It's comforting to see other minds infected with that movie.

[@kiosmallwood576]

One response to Boltzmann brains is to think about how long such a brain could remain consistent and thinking, given that it would form without an entire ecosystem that we need to support our own cognition. Such a brain would be completely free of consequence.

[@Ludifant]

How would you know where the false memories start? You could have been a brain for only a split second.. And yes, nothing would matter. It´s a thought experiment and one that obviously leads nowhere. Interesting idea, though.

[@kiosmallwood576]

@@Ludifant I am guessing that the probability of the universe existing and thereby creating my current mental state is much higher than that of an independent spontaneous brain having this current state. Even though it seems more likely for a spontaneous brain to pop into existence instead of the universe.

[@Blox117]

clearly the universe is rigged. i knew i shouldnt have trusted it

[@jerrysstories711]

A consciousness can't merely be conscious, it needs something to be conscious *of*. Too many people miss that.

[@admiralackbar1286]

@@jerrysstories711 So if you take a person and stick them in a sensory deprivation chamber, do they cease to be a conscious entity after a while?

[@Uncle-Mike]

I subscribed to both of your channels independently. Thanks for doing SO much for science education. Between your two channels, you've done more than any cable TV channel to spread both real facts and the joy of learning that inspires others to become scientists. Great job!

[@upandatom]

thanks uncle mike!

[@dahleno2014]

Idk, saying the universe is ‘most likely’ a simulation doesn’t do much for science education, considering it’s unprovable suggesting that it’s ‘most likely’ a simulation is just false. It’s ‘most likely’ that we don’t know the depths of the universe. I think this language used is ‘most likely’ a detriment to science education.

[@efxnews4776]

We are thoughts that has thoughts...

[@nenakoukougelis]

Plato

[@omnipop4936]

Thought so.

[@StrongMed]

Another great video Jade! I find one of the more interesting facets of considering the universe as a simulation, and which is related to the "cognitively unstable" point, is that if the universe is a simulation, there is no reason to assume that the physics and math of everything outside the simulation is remotely similar to what's in the simulation. So if we (and everything we have ever observed) is part of a Boltzmann brain, entropy outside the brain may not always increase. Maybe it's a conserved quantity. Or maybe the physics of the "real universe" is so foreign to our "simulated universe" experience that the concept of entropy is altogether irrelevant outside of the simulation.

[@wajahatali1234]

Hi there Dr. Strong. Nice to see you too are interested in such fascinating topics. Really appreciate your ECG videos, have been a subscriber for quite a long time now. You should also check out this channel "Closer To Truth" which also discusses such philosophical and physics based questions. Best Regards. Dr. Wajahat Ali.

[@StrongMed]

@@wajahatali1234 Thanks for the recommendation! Will check it out!

[@unitelanka]

Oh wow, I am a big fan of your channel Dr. Strong. I'm very happy to see that you are also interested in this sort of science channels.

[@JackSparrow-re4ql]

Absolute rubbish. You scientists don't know what the hell you're talking about; this question is a philosophical one and has been investigated by philosophy for centuries. Clueless scientists like you pretend as though they can get to the heart of this question by themselves. But honestly; this isn't a scientific question, it's a philosophical one. My advice; stick to other fields, and before opening your mouth about this ever again; read tonnes of philosophy papers on the subject. Just so you know Isaac Arthur is an absolute noob when it comes to philosophy. He doesn't read jack.

[@christopherk4166]

That's a really interesting point! If you think of having a Boltzmann brain, then there are two universes: the "experienced/simulated universe" and the "real universe". So, if my Boltzmann brain just popped into existence in the "real" universe with all of my spontaneously created "simulated" memories, then the fact that that I can think shows that my brain is working, and that the "real" universe has the same physics as the "simulated" universe, does it not?

[@ingeborgsvensson4896]

Why Bolzman brainS and not just one single brain? Even lower entropy and there is only one needed and that is my brain, everyone else in the world is simply part of the simulation. When I grew up in the 60ies I talked about stuff like this and my parents begged me not to talk to other people about this, maybe they were afraid I would be put in a mental hospital. ;-) I'm glad we now live in a world we can openly speak about these kind of ideas. Great video, thank!

[@dannyagunbia206]

There could be one bolzman Brian's or many it doesn't matter

[@Ludifant]

This is the old idea of solipsism, it´s a brief period in philosophy. Doesn´t lead anywhere. It´s self defeating. But it is a logically consistent thought. It might be this way, but if it is, nothing matters, not even thinking about this. So we abandon it. You aren´t the only one, who ever thought he might have been the only one, if you ponder the universe, this passes. Isn´t that a pleasing thought? But you are right about your reservations. My father just recently told me when I was getting philosophical: "You do realise NORMAL people don´t think that way?" So, there you are, people will always be the same, I guess.

[@Jim0i0]

Totally! I grew up with those thoughts too. This video should be rewritten with from that perspective. You nailed it.

[@ingeborgsvensson4896]

@@bilalsadain That is exactly what I mean: I could be part of your simulated world/universe. You only need one single brain and that is your own.

[@douglasphillips5870]

If you are the only mind, then all of this is a hallucination, so the mental hospital wouldn't exist. Doesn't that make you feel better?

[@siddharthsoma6721]

The amount of hardwork your eyebrows do in the videos you post, contributes majorly to your excitement, expression and confidence. It's just a delight to see them jump around your eye!!

[@alifarsad1989]

Your videos are amazing. Thank you for educating the world! After watching your video, I was thinking about the Boltzmann Brains (BB). I believe it is very simple to show that BB is much less likely to happen compared to the Big Bang. The reason is something that physicists and philosophers do not appreciate enough and that is why they have overlooked it in the BB argument. A human brain (or even a single cell) is infinitely more complex than the universe at the Big Bang Moment. Therefore, it is infinitely more probable that a Big Bang has jumped into existence than a human brain. The BB logic breaks down when it assumes that occurring a living thing on planet Earth is infinitely more probable than accruing the solar system, simply because we live inside the solar system! The fact is that the level of complexity of a single cell is infinitely higher than the solar system, or the universe as we know it. The universe as we know it is governed by simple physic laws, while the level of complexity of a cell is simply mind-numbing. And don't forget that a cell is actively going against entropy (can’t be seen anywhere else in the universe). So, you can't simply put a brain and the solar system in the same basket. Now, someone might say, a universe plus a brain is more complicated than a brain. Therefore, it is more likely for a brain to jump into existence than a universe plus brain. First, there was no brain when the Big Bang happened. So, we are actually comparing a universe with no brain with a brain. As far as we know, a brain is more complex than the plain state of matter at the big bang moment. Second, the whole argument is simply a sophistry trick. It is like we say it is more probable to have a smartphone made out of nothing than to assume that the smartphone is made in a factory. Simply because a factory plus a smartphone is more complicated than a smartphone alone!! The answer is that assuming a factory explains how a smartphone can happen. In the same way, assuming a universe explains (at least partially) how a brain can happen. While the BB does not explain anything.

[@thesecondderivative8967]

Does this mean that a system might be less complex than the components that compose of it? That sounds very fractal-like. I'm not arguing against you. This entire thing seems so recursive.

[@buddyrichable1]

I like your argument. A Boltzman brain springing up makes no sense, and seems to disregard causality. A brain (life) seems to be explained by a causal chain of events from the big bang through to the chemistry of the first cell etc. Do we not have to consider causality in all of this. It is difficult (for me at least) to fully grasp entropy in it’s full meaning.

[@blacktigershearthstoneadve6905]

All these Universe creation theories, enthropy and stuff look like an attempt of a World of Warcraft character to explian where all these monsters come from and why are they constantly respawn. It makes no sense at all from enthropy and internal WoW physics point of view. And this is the major flaw in all these theories. They all consider our Universe to be self reliant with no external influence from a source, which is fundamentally unaccessible from inside this Universe due to laws given to this universe by this source. For a WoW character there is no way to know about Blizzard's existence no matter how much information he would collect inside his simulated world... simply because creators made no way inside this world to access this data. Even time dimension is different for someone in a simulated world. Blizzard can have backup servers, reload data, run it faster or slow... and someone inside the simulated universe will not even notice and he has no knowledge that he died 10 times in "parallel" universes. There is only one timeline exists for him, in which he was ridiculously lucky. Saying that The Universe will come to the end because of enthropy is like saying that all humans will inevitably die in three minutes because of running out of air in lungs. Humanity knows nothing about life cycle of The Universe. Humanity doesn't even know what created The Universe in the first place and what kind of control "the creator" has over its behavior and physical laws. But somehow by looking at a single dot moment on its vast time scale it judges itself competent enough to make predictions of this kind.

[@RavenAmetr]

Awesome video! The problem is really dramatic if we are going to insist, that there's such thing like true randomness, and entropy constantly adding new information, which is likely not the case, it would contradict to the Conservation of Information. In the world without randomness, such problem just not exists, like other problems, including the most bizarre QM-related problems. (BTW, I'm aware of interpretations of Bell's inequality experiment claiming non-determinism, but I can see much simpler deterministic interpretation).

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

check out Professor Jean Bricmont to properly understand Bell's inequality. Check out Dr. Jack Tuszinski on the "negative entropy" brain.

[@jeffersonian000]

Been a sub of both Isaac and Jade, glad to see the collaboration!

[@polychoron]

Me too

[@gamenlewis641]

I subscribed right after hearing the intro “lovely to meet you or see you again.” This is a perfect intro that addresses all possibilities. It is so brilliant for a video that talks about possibilities and Boltzmann brains!!!

[@artdonovandesign]

I know when I've arrived at a great video when I keep stopping and replaying parts- over and over. SUBSCRIBED! Thank you for the clear, concise and most intriguing presentation!😄

[@chrissaffran7655]

Great video! My area is biophysics, rather than astrophysics, so I’m only hearing about the Boltzmann’s Brain hypothesis for the first time here. But it seems to me that it relies heavily on the assumption that the laws of physics before the Big Bang were the same as they are now. But with no way to obtain information from before the singularity, that assumption is only a conjecture of convenience. It’s impossible to prove that before the Big Bang, entropy didn’t always moved to a lower state, or that time didn’t move “backwards.” For all we know, back then it really was turtles all the way down :) PS - You have an incredible gift for distilling salient points to make complicated concepts easy to digest!

[@RonaldoWeigand]

Good point!

[@infinitumneo840]

I like the way you present complex topic, such as this one. What is missing in these theories is a unified field theory. The question of consciousness is center stage of this debate, as well. Clearly consciousness does exist, and our method of describing it will color our understanding it. This topic requires a lot of research and fundamental paradigm shifts to iron out. Much like the different between precision and accuracy (ie measurement tools). Ludwig Boltzmann was treated very badly during his life time because his piers in scientific community failed to see this fundamental truth. Thank you for your hard work.

[@cromptank]

It’s awesome to see you two collaborating, Nice vid!

[@mortenolsen838]

I came from Isaac Arthur. But why didn't I know about your channel before?

[@BirdieRumia]

But what if one day, instead of us seeking out interesting channels, the interesting channels, will come to us... *Cue Majestic Isaac Arthur Music*

[@coryjohnson7025]

@@BirdieRumia LOL...PERFECT!

[@matthewjamestaylor]

In the end, I think I'm okay with turtles all the way down. Cheers.

[@peoplesrepublicofunitedear2337]

Turtles all the way down destroys the entire argument. Self contradictory. The Universe is eternal and oscillatory (Sagan) and it is actually a single infinite consciousness experiencing itself.

[@pentagramprime1585]

New Album by Public Enemy: "Fear of a Boltzman Planet"

[@akinnon2000]

Great video Jade I love it, especially with a collab with Issac Arthur the legend. I never finished high school but im fascinated with quantum / particule physic.

[@Signonthisline]

Been subbed to both y'all for a while glad you're working together!

[@equesdeventusoccasus]

Excellent video as always. I have often wondered if Boltzmann was a student of the philosopher Spinoza. Spinoza did hold some ideas that are reminiscent of the Boltzmann brain. I like the idea of the Boltzmann brain, however, as for me, the jury is still out on this subject.

[@naveenraj2008eee]

Hi jade Just heard about boltzmann paradox.. Never knew about detailed manner.. Now i got some insight into this.. These thought experiment are sometimes difficult to visualise it.. Like einstein thought experiment.. I think you have gone through so many books and not every one can explain these topic with ease.. You are genius... I can't tell whether iam boltzmann brain.. Thanks for the video and another topic learned from you...🙏👍😊

[@sebastianpesenti1455]

Jade and Isaac: the collaboration I never knew I needed! Two of my fav channels, thanks guys 😃

[@tanostrelok2323]

Coming here from Isaac's channel, truly a pleasant watch and an interesting topic, thanks.

[@bmobert]

I've never understood the interest in Boltzmann brains until now. Thank you. The idea that the universe itself might be such a brain is tantalizing. However, it seems y'all missed something. If a universe can birth other universes, evolution of universes seem likely. At which point, an ecology of universes becomes inevitable. With an ecology and enough time, an intelligent species made of universes should evolve. Of course, these are as spurious as arguments about the inevitability of intelligent species out in the galaxy. Even so, the idea is, again, tantalizing. So how could our universe birth others of similar physics? Blackholes? Maybe. Wormholes? Possible but doesn't seem likely. Sentient species? Exceedingly interesting idea. A big rip that turns every collection of quarks, like protons and neutrons, into a new universe of it's own? Seems likely to me. So, while a Boltzmann brain universe might pop out of nowhere, a evolved brain universe seems also possible. (I commented this at Isaac Arthur's as well.)

[@cherrydoctorpepper7]

Maybe God is a Boltzmann brain and God is simulating all of us with God's brain.

[@juanma4777]

Keep up these excellent videos. My small complaint: The arrangement of all coins flipped in whatever way you wished will always be as unique and as equally probable as any other possible arrangement. The number of coins and the number of possible distinct arrangements each coin can be in, on the other hand, does alter the systems entropy. In the "particles in two separate containers" example, each particle that was once constrained to being positioned within certain boundaries has now more room and positions to end up being.

[@zen1647]

I've followed your and Isaac's channels independently so it's great to see this collaboration!

[@renownedbandanawearer1345]

I got so excited when you said this was a collab with Isaac Arthur!! Awesome!!

[@mimszanadunstedt441]

Boltzman Brains don't seem to obviously be inherently more likely. Because this means instead of being a universe, its an equal sized universe, but simulated by a boltzman brain. Which means due to Occam's Razor its actually less likely.

[@AbelShields]

Not necessarily true, if the brain is less complicated than the universe then it'll be more likely to come into existence from a fluctuation, it doesn't matter what it's "thinking about"/simulating. Of course you could argue that anything capable of simulating the universe would necessarily have to be more complicated than the universe, but I'm not sure you could prove that.

[@restinpeace1916]

Simulating universe for one observer is actually much easier, than simulating every single detail of the universe.

[@MrBoxertwin]

If we are all living in a simulation I know what the pixel size is. It's a Planck length. That's why classical physics falls apart at that scale. Quantum physics is trying to explain what's behind the curtain. The mechanics of the simulator.

[@bobg9922]

Bingo!

[@TuranciHareket]

why should it not be the nature of the universe itself. look at it like nodes with connections. planck length for the node and planck length for the distance to the next one. 1 cm³ has 10^99 nodes. the observable universe is 10^85 cm³ great. if you resolute the event quantity of the universe to 1 cm³ then it fits 10^14 times in 1 cm³.

[@MrBoxertwin]

@@TuranciHareket maybe we're in a simulation, maybe not. My point is that if we are in a simulation , that would explain why quantum physics is so weird and "spooky" at that size.

[@littleuniverse1430]

Everything depends on that question , Are we living in a simulation ?

[@AnthonyFlack]

As strange as it seems that our universe should be quantized, it strikes me that it would be even stranger proposition if it wasn't. You could fold an infinite amount of information into a finite space.

[@jimnonya9180]

I love the way you seem so excited about what you are explaining. This one was very interesting.

[@rbradhill]

another good one, thank you. what's interesting about the popularizer's critique around 8 minutes in is how valid it is when applied instead to his views of parallel worlds.

[@mackerel2002]

Hi jade, i was sent here by Isaac Arthur. I really like your video style, i also like such crossover videos. You could do one with PBS spacetime

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

I was sent here by I.A. as well, didn't know this girl, and came to love her style. I'd ask them: Why not the 3 of them altogether doing a cross-over? That would be AWESOME!!! Extra points if it's filmed in sir Richard Branson's private island in the Caribbean, while they escape from a bunch of genetically modified human-animal hybrids intent on hunting or heroes :-D

[@polychoron]

@@JosePineda-cy6om Quite the imagination. I don't need our heroes hunted, thanx anyway.

[@CallMeTess]

my main problem with this is that we're not constantly hallucinating. If it's totally random then you'd expect some flux in what you're actually experiencing. Instead it's almost entirely consistent and stable, which just wouldn't seem probable.

[@hoagie911]

The Boltzman Brain hypothesis doesn't posit that you are a hallucinating brain for the entirety of your life. Rather, the particles in space drift together to create your present experience right now as you read this, then drift apart. So not only is everything you experience a hallucination, but your past and future don't exist; there wasn't and won't be a brain around to hallucinate them! Indeed, your memories only exist if you are thinking about them right now. But of course the hypothesis is fundamentally flawed, and the Carol argument is both simple and sufficient. The argument for the hypothesis relies on physics theories being true, observations being accurate etc. But if the Boltzman Brain hypothesis is true, then none of those observations were ever made, no one ever wrote down any of the equations for the theories, no one argued for them; none of it happened. So the Boltzman Brain hypothesis implies that the very things it needs to be true are in fact not true, or in the case of the theories, there is no good reason to believe they are true. So it is entirely self-defeating. I don't understand what Jade was talking about with "flip-flopping", it all seems rather straightforward to me.

[@xenphoton5833]

@@hoagie911 memories only exist if you are thinking them right now?

[@Ntnt11]

Man I listen to Arthur about simulation while going to sleep and its good to see that you talk about it too because you are one of favourite youtubers. You guys are amazing 😁😁

[@enessou]

Oh, this is a collab I didn't see coming. Awesome!

[@Equiluxe1]

You are getting into the god paradox here, if it takes an intelligence to design an intelligence what designed the designing intelligence. The same principle applies to the Boltzmann brain idea what creates the whatever the simulation is running in and if that is the case what creates what was before that and add infinitum and so on.

[@mathematicalninja2756]

You are thinking bounded by time.

[@pierreabbat6157]

God is outside time and has no beginning or end. God created the universe, including matter, energy, space, and time. Whether He created real particles or started a program on a computer bigger than the entire universe, there is no way to know, until we enter the World to Come.

[@Equiluxe1]

@@pierreabbat6157 And who or what created god. If the universe in its entirety cannot just pop into existence neither can god or gods they also had to be created and to my mind man created god in his own image.

[@frankschneider6156]

Equiluxe1 You do NOT need an intelligence for a Boltzman brain to spring into existence. That's intelligent design thinking, and we better leave such crap to the religious nuts deal If you wait just long enough and try often enough, every result that has a likelihood > 0 will sooner or later materialize if you don't quit. E.g. say you have 50 balls numbered 1 to 50 in an urn and randomly take 7 out. If you just repeat this process often enough sooner or later every possible combination of numbers will come up. It's just a matter of tries (=time). A Boltzmann brain is an incredibly complex system, but it's still just a finite configuration of elementary particles. There is a chance that this springs spontaneously into existence as a result of random vacuum fluctuations. The likelihood of such an event is of course very very close to zero, but still slightly >0. This means, if you just wait long enough, a Boltzmann brain WILL spontaneously manifest itself as a result of random quantum fluctuations. Again it's just a matter of waiting long enough. Unfortunately is the waiting time (due to the comparatively high complexity of a brain) many, many degrees of powers higher, than the current age of the universe, so don't expect to observe one anytime soon. It's important to understand that things like Boltzmann brains are primarily mind games. They are physically possible, but mankind will never observe something like that, just like we'll never observe a decrease in entropy of the universe (although this is an inevitable event that must occur, if we move just a lot closer to the universe being in thermodynamic equilibrium (=heat death of the universe)) BTW the big bang formed very likely from exactly such kind of extremely unlikely (because it was so big) kind of spontaneous vacuum fluctuation.

[@mathematicalninja2756]

@@Equiluxe1 what created energy if energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.

[@inthemidwest3514]

Well if this is a simulation then whoever coded you deserves a promotion. 🥰

[@fotticelli]

I disagree. One of a basic features is missing - respawning. And would like to know the cheat codes if there are any. And the Easter Egg although I might have found it when I fell on my head and saw stars.

[@Erik_001]

Love what you do so much. It's very appreciated. Thank you.

[@1978SOOTY]

Issac sent me here to watch this before his. You've earned another sub. Bonus props for being a fellow Aussie.

[@swbusby]

If a Boltzman brain is more statistically likely than a zero entropy big bang starting point, wouldn't there be an infinite number of other possible scenarios which are also more statistically likely?

[@fotticelli]

Wait what? Entropy at Big Bang was very low and is calculated to have been 10^103 kilobytes. Meaning 10^103 bytes of information (in the scientific sense) would have to have been ordered just right to make the Big Bang just prior to banging, I guess. But we have no way of knowing what happened prior or even at the moment of Big Bang. Zero entropy on a cosmic scale of the Universe is not possible because it would require temperature 0 Kelvin which is not possible. Even after all stars and black holes and, some say, all matter dies the temperature of the Universe will not reach 0K. Boltzmann's brain is a thought experiment relying on extremely low probabilities. Trillions and trillions to one. My guess would be that, by the time a brain with its higher probability of existence pops into existence, the temperature of the Universe will be so close to 0 K that from the energy point of view no work will be performed therefore no new and less statistically probable than brain systems will be created. To make it clearer, if it takes a trillion years to create a brain spontaneously the Universe will be dead before an even more complex system pops into existence.

[@jackknifer1]

Yes

[@TechnoHackerVid]

Really good video! This has been bugging my mind for quite a long, because certain topics in science fit well in the assumption that our universe is a computer simulation :D And, to go real meta here: What _is_ reality?

[@TechnoHackerVid]

Thanks for the heart Jade! 😄

[@kchannel5317]

I'm glad you collaborated with issac Arthur. I really enjoy his podcast and listen to each podcast more then one time because there complex. I can see the similarities between the channels already.

[@joejohns3543]

I love Isaac Arthur and I'm glad to learn about your channel Jade (subed)

[@regnarecaps]

Isaac sent me.

[@erik-ic3tp]

Same for me. :)

[@peterbrough2461]

Solipsists of the World, Unite! 😜😁

[@Ludifant]

Done!

[@KerbalFacile]

I'm glad I thought of this one.

[@ClayWar237]

Solipsist paranoia incoming 😂

[@AkhonaAlbertIsaacMali]

*solipsist

[@martiddy]

More like the only one solipsist unite... hehe get it?... ok bye!

[@ThatRandomGuyInTheComments]

HOLY SHIT what an amazing channel. Fantastic find, subscribed. Solid explanation, the concepts aren't watered down, charming host. Checks all the boxes.

[@liranpiade4499]

What a Collab! I already love both of your channels

[@adamgranger1514]

My main problem with the Boltzmann Brain theory is that if everything is simulated by a single brain, then how does it determine what to simulate? We're constantly experiencing events that we don't expect to happen, and those can't be simulated by a single brain, since the events would have to be expected on some level in order to be simulated. For instance, it would be totally implausible for a tree to start spinning around in place uncontrollably. But suppose it were to happen one day. Wouldn't the Boltzmann Brain need to have a concept of such a thing beforehand in order to simulate the event? And wouldn't the Boltzmann Brain need to simulate all the circumstances surrounding such an event? Basically, completely unexpected events happen all the time but no one gives them any thought before they happen, so they can't be a result of a simulation. There have to be other factors besides a single floating brain causing all the events that occur.

[@frankschneider6156]

You are mixing up 2 things, the first is a Boltzman brain, which is just a spontaneously arising (and very fast dying) brain from random vacuum fluctuations. The other thing is the concept of the simulated universe, which assumes that our universe is just a very complex simulation. Both have a common factor,: that the universe is not what is perceived it is, either by the brain (Boltzmann brain), or by us (simulated universe). But that's it. Scientifically the major difference is, that the Boltzman brain is a valid (albeit extremely unlikely) hypothesis, based upon real physics, while the simulated universe is not a scientific hypothesis, because it can in principle not be falsified.

[@asloii_1749]

The thoughts of the brain happen to consistently follow what it thinks the laws of psychics are, which it also got right because it exists

[@timothywhite2666]

Issac sent me as well. Kinda a bummer that KZbin changed their algorithm. They should have recommended your channel based on the ones I normally watch.

[@danielparsons2859]

I love your videos. You have a great style of presentation. You love of physics is contagious.

[@Mercury6_]

Found you through SFIA, I’m enjoying your style and can’t wait to dig deeper into your catalog

[@Rubikorigami]

yeeeees! Love your Nathan Pyle shirt!

[@upandatom]

He's the best! "Imagine pleasant nonsense"

[@Renji1]

Sometimes science is so difficult it makes me sad.

[@Xeridanus]

@@upandatom Unfortunately he's against the choice to have an abortion. :/

[@KeystoneScience]

Xeridanus eyyy, my name’s Nathan as well, and I am aswell 😉 must just be a name thing

[@JJ-kl7eq]

Boltzmann Brains are the subject of Mary Shelley’s thesis, Frankenstein.

[@polychoron]

It took me a second to get that, lol

[@Skeithization]

oh wow, two of my favorite channels doing a co-op! what a good day ^_^

[@amphibiousone7972]

Good stuff 🏅 Great presentation 👍 Keep making us think question and explore. 🍻

[@jekanyika]

I would prefer if the universe was a simulation, but either way it wouldn't really change things.

[@garrettwilson3032]

I don’t like the idea that the server that hosts my consciousness can be unplugged

[@andijsunadim2245]

05:00 I think this is one of the evidence of intelligent design, with the material world as "simulation". This answers both the mystery of the low entropy state at the beginning of the universe, along with why the universe's physical constants are so fine tuned for life with unimaginable precision.

[@TheMrfrodough]

Do you have proof of your claim?

[@petrino]

i know right? the universe was obvi created by odin so that i get to have a life after id die.

[@NetAndyCz]

I prefer thinking about it the other way round, the increasing entropy is what gives us perception of time having a direction.

[@chloemaxine305]

@@TheMrfrodough do you even watch the video? Sigh...

[@andijsunadim2245]

@@TheMrfrodough i was referring to the question posed at 05:00. Think about it. Btw, I said evidence, not proof.

[@merinsan]

Came here from Isaac Arthurs channel. I saw that those coins were from Australia! So for that reason, I am subscribing (and because the few videos I've watched were really interesting).

[@tjejojyj]

I like Roger Penrose’s model of continuous cycles of universes. The probability of a low entropy early universe thus depends on how the universe re-starts. There’s a lot of this “the universe if just a simulation” going around at the moment. It sounds very radical but is it really new? Plato cave? Bishop Berkeley’s idealism? Descartes “cogito ergo sum”?

[@jamesprince571]

Cover some basic Physics too in between

[@hastytkd5768]

8:58 there is no boundary to what could be the truth in this instance, why argue or question it? It’s impossible to know anything for certain.

[@TheDJSyaheer]

1:31, a classic example of combination. Since we want 5 heads out of 10 coins, in mathematic, we can write it as C(10,5)=252. Thought a little description would be nice ;)

[@tnleeo]

Great video! Love the sloth with coffee shirt! Where can I get one?

[@princessazula7456]

If we were boltzman brains wouldn't our psychology be linked with each other somehow? I mean we would basically be talking to another aspect of ourselves in this world and our own psychological quirks would be represented somehow in the universe right? Would explain all the deju vu stuff that's been going on in my life!!!

[@dcaban85]

i'm a simple man, i read smiulation, i SMASH LIKE

[@JosephAuslander]

Thank you for everything you do! I'm keen sign up for Brilliant but they only offer 3 month and 1 year subscriptions. I'm only keen to do month by month or 1 off for specific content (like most streaming platforms). Could you work with them to make month to month a reality?

[@Kevin-rw4yw]

Love your videos! Great work!

[@heyandy889]

The matrix is a classic piece of science fiction. *... or is it?* _vsause music plays_

[@allantaylor420]

Thats what I like to say to flat earth's people. We are in a simulation, so they get confused and stop annoying me. Descartes started with that, but maybe even Plato with his cave story in the Republic, book VII. Thx for the great video!!

[@allantaylor420]

Ummer Farooq if this universe is a programmed simulation, it can have bugs, so some people think this is a flat earth simulation do to those bugs.. lets wait for the updates from the knowledge store kkk

[@Ezrik2006]

Love your work and videos!!

[@ramanujraman_]

Prnam didi I have a question why there is a release of energy during bond formation since a conservative force is acting ?

[@aMulliganStew]

"Never tell me the odds." -- Han Solo.

[@bborkzilla]

THE CAKE IS A LIE!

[@malcolmchadd6108]

could please do a video explaining photonic molecules great video keep it up 😀

[@sagarrawal8332]

Can you make a video on how you make this cool animation to explain things? There are few tutorials on adobe after effects but all they are about video and photo manipulation but not related on physics on drawing waves or animation to explain things..That'd be pretty cool to learn.

[@personanongrata5204]

Boltzman brains are cool, but have you ever considered cosmic shrimps?

[@andykerwi]

Great Video! I love Entropy and also Simulation Theory. btw, not a criticism but Isaac has a strange accent

[@gottlichhg]

He has a speech impediment. He has CC on every video you can turn on. He has been working with speech therapy with great results.

[@andykerwi]

@@gottlichhg That explains it!! I didn't even consider that it might be an impediment. I understand him completely so I just thought he was from some country whose accent I've never heard before

[@armundojones]

@@andykerwi After a while you don't even hear it even watching his older videos.

[@earllarrabee7026]

An Isaac Arthur collaboration? Woot! It is so awesome to see that my favorite KZbin creators collaborating on a project. I watch you guys more often now than any show on TV, so congrats!

[@nonconfirmistme6683]

I was waiting for this one.. thanks.

[@BboySuperFreeze]

What a unique accent. It’s like he’s European and Asian.

[@erik-ic3tp]

she's

[@megamooseqqq]

erik2000 Could it be possible that the statement was referring to the person with the more pronounced accent instead of Jade?

[@wkg19591]

If our universe is a simulation run by some...others, then who is to say that the others universe is not a simulation run by some..errr...other others. And so on and so forth. It's turtles all the way down.

[@izzyhaze7347]

Turtles all the way down...

[@cristeaandrei9880]

There's an SCP written like that.

[@StrongMed]

An interesting idea! The conventional argument against an infinite series of nestled simulated universes is that, at least in our universe, there is a finite amount of information that can be stored per unit volume. So we can't have an infinite number of simulated universes within our universe - a universe cannot produce a simulation that is as detailed as the universe itself. While there could still be an infinite number of universes "above" ours, this would put us close to the finite end of a string that is infinite in the other direction, which is unfathomably improbable.

[@rdooski]

@@StrongMed " a universe cannot produce a simulation that is as detailed as the universe itself" It takes very little to simulate the things that you experience. Its ironically something video games rely heavily on.

[@wkg19591]

@@remley8877 No, my ancestry is German and Scots :-)

[@randyb5067]

Love how you jump right to it.. Do you have a pod cast?

[@z-beeblebrox]

I saw both of these in my subscription feed and thought "Wow what are the chances both of these channels decided to talk about the same topic on the same day?" The answer, it turned out, is "the exact same chances that they'd collaborate on that topic"!

[@supremacy98]

Aww you wasted that cake!😭I was craving cake

[@AmanKumar-ng6gq]

1

[@carlshriner7808]

Great Work!!! !!! !!!, this was a pleasure to view, Thank You - LOVE & Compassion

[@frmcf]

This channel is great, Jade’s writing and presentation are top notch, the production values are spot on for a channel with 100k subscribers... but what the hell are those sockets doing so high up on the wall behind the sofa? What would you ever use those for? I need to know!!!