Irish American Immigration History and Cartography (1880)

Irish American Immigration History and Cartography is explored and examined from this vintage map that was originally produced in 1880. In the video we zoom in and look at various historical aspects that make this map so great.
More specifically we address the various regional areas throughout the united states that saw the largest growth of Irish immigration. We also give an in-depth background to the various reasons why Irish immigrants favored coming to the US as well as the reasons why they settled in certain cities.

[@AmericanCoinHunting]

Thank you Adam . A lot of great information in this video . Both sides of my family are Scotch-Irish immigrants that married with Native Americans .

[@BravuraMediaCompany]

Thanks Dave! Yes the blending of Irish British and Scotish ethnicity is very prevalent in American Immigration history. My family heritage on my dads side is heavily linked to a scotch-irish background as well. On my moms side we were able to link back her family tree to scotland with some viking connections to William the conqueror. Anyways thanks again for watching and I've gotta to stop by your channel and see what coins you've been digging.

[@garyhutton2654]

Love your info I'm Irish learning about Irish in beautiful USA

[@JL-fq3jc]

Really like your channel.. Very interesting stuff

[@BravuraMediaCompany]

Thank you so much!

[@sksman71]

My Irish ancestors came from Munster.

[@bryanellis3125]

sksman MUNSTER 🍀🍀🍀

[@sksman71]

BryanThe IrishEagle this information came from my DNA test.I'm 50% Irish and 42% English or great Britain.

[@bryanellis3125]

sksman Nice. :)

[@Sean-jc6cu]

Mine too. Munster (County Clare) and Ulster (County Tyrone)

[@Sean-jc6cu]

Lowell, Massachusetts

[@soundsofescape1031]

Were they all willing to come over? what happen to the individuals who came on the slave ship with Africans?

[@Sean-jc6cu]

Can you post a link to that map please?

[@BravuraMediaCompany]

Credit and More Information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Americans

[@dominicphelan3624]

Ul-ster

[@BravuraMediaCompany]

Thanks, my pronunciation is wrong sometimes lol

[@dominicphelan3624]

No bother, lad. keep up the good work, it's much appreciated

[@sksman71]

Scotch Irish are not Irish.

[@murphysWake363]

They are in terms of Nationality, they didn’t refer to themselves as Scots-Irish or American until the Irish Holocaust but he is correct that many Scottish Presbyterians blended with Catholic Irish people so they technically can be, plus you have the Irish Rebellion of 1798 where Catholic Irish and Presbyterian Scots fought together against the English

[@paddyo3841]

Genetically they are identical …Seventeen-marker simple tandem repeat genetic analysis of Irish Y chromosomes reveals a previously unnoted modal haplotype that peaks in frequency in the northwestern part of the island. It shows a significant association with surnames purported to have descended from the most important and enduring dynasty of early medieval Ireland, the Uí Néill. This suggests that such phylogenetic predominance is a biological record of past hegemony and supports the veracity of semimythological early genealogies. The fact that about one in five males sampled in northwestern Ireland is likely a patrilineal descendent of a single early medieval ancestor is a powerful illustration of the potential link between prolificacy and power and of how Y-chromosome phylogeography can be influenced by social selection. Irish Y-chromosome haplotype analysis has highlighted the striking predominance of a SNP-delineated haplogroup, R1b3, that displays a cline of increasing frequency from the Middle East to northwestern Europe, peaking with near fixation in western parts of Ireland…Irish Y-chromosome analysis reveals its R1b3 frequency points to an unusual population history, perhaps with genetic signatures of past demographic events that are relatively undisturbed by migration. Second, as in many European societies, Y chromosomes and Irish surnames share (in the main) patrilineal transmission. These names are among the oldest cultural lineage markers in the world and emerged from an earlier tribal nomenclature that also emphasized patrilineal relationships. Hence, Y-chromosome comparisons between surnames may be informative with respect to older genealogical links that stretch back into Irish prehistory and mythology. Finally, the indigenous medieval Irish or “Gaelic” social order differed from that of much of Europe, survived until the 16th century, and was, arguably, highly patriarchal and pastoralist. These sociocultural features may have left a distinctive biological legacy. European haplogroups were genotyped. The most common haplogroup in Ireland, the vast majority (85.4%) of the Y chromosomes belonged to the R1b3 haplogroup and simultaneously uncovers a distinct alternative Irish modal haplotype (IMH), also within haplogroup R1b3, that, together with its one-mutational-step (IMH+1) neighbors, accounts for 8.2% of the island sample (IMH 17-marker haplotype with use of the loci as ordered above is 14-12-25-11-14-13-9-11-12-15-12-12-13-16-11-10-11). The IMH distribution is uneven, showing a distinct frequency peak in northwestern Ireland, networks of R1b3 graphically display the phylogeny or interrelationship of different Y-chromosome haplotypes form a predominant and phylogenetically coherent starlike cluster that is consistent with a single origin. This feature is absent from a corresponding network of Y chromosomes from southwestern Ireland (fig. 1C). The distribution of the IMH lineage was also examined in a broader British Isles context, Scotland is known to have had substantial historical and prehistorical links with the northern part of Ireland; for example, the Celtic language still spoken in parts of western Scotland is the closest relative of Irish Gaelic. The global occurrence was next examined, chromosomes from 249 geographically defined populations deposited in the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database. The localization of the haplotype was evident with only 38 matches detected (a worldwide occurrence of just 0.13%), with an Irish population sample showing the highest frequency (4.8%). Interestingly, it was also observed in multiple North American population samples. For example, ∼2% of European American New Yorkers carry the truncated IMH. Large-scale emigration to North America from Ireland is well recorded. Indeed, given historically high rates of Irish emigration to North America and other parts of the world, it seems likely that the number of descendents worldwide runs to perhaps 2-3 million males. An analogously predominant Y-chromosome lineage is found in Central Asian populations at a frequency of ∼8%. The level of diversity assessed using 15 microsatellite markers supported an origin ∼1,000 year ago. This, together with details of its geography, suggested that the lineage’s rapid rise to predominance occurred through an association with the male-line descendents of Genghis Khan and the dynasties he founded in the region. Several observations led us to propose that the high frequency of the IMH in these data may be the result of a similar linkage to an ancient, enduring dynasty. Gaelic society placed great emphasis on family relationships organized around a strongly patrilineal system (derbhfine) in which land and title could be handed down to successors chosen from within a kin group of male-lineage relatives. This wider inheritance cohort resulted in a decreased likelihood of dissociation of lineage from power (O’Croinin 1995). Also, whereas medieval Ireland was Christian, earlier marriage customs persisted and allowed divorce and concubinage. One feature of these customs was that illegitimate sons were claimed and had rights protected by law (Jaski 2000). As in other polygynous societies, the siring of offspring was related to power and prestige (Betzig 1995). For example, Lord Turlough O’Donnell (d. 1423) had 18 sons with 10 different women and counted 59 grandsons in the male line (Connolly 2002). Turlough and other O’Donnells were members of the most powerful and remarkably durable royal lineage in medieval Gaelic Ireland, the Uí Néill, literally translated as “descendents of Niall.” Gaelic genealogies were important records used to validate claims to prestige and power and linked most ruling families in the northern part of Ireland, prior to the Elizabethan conquest, to the Uí Néill, who claimed high-kingship of Ireland from the 7th to the 11th century ad (Pender 1951). The ultimate origin of this dynasty is attributed to the conquering sons of the eponymous and possibly mythological 5th-century warlord, Niall of the Nine Hostages. The historical region under Uí Néill power coincides with the peak in the frequency of the IMH. In line with the early Irish emphasis on ancestry, it is not surprising that Ireland has one of the largest surviving bodies of early genealogical records. These records range from the solidly historical to the dubiously mythical. Furthermore, since the main purpose of the records was to validate claims to power and property, they were often altered or forged to accord with prevailing political circumstances. Nonetheless, they do present the opportunity to directly test the circumstantial geographic association of the IMH lineage and the Uí Néill dynasty. Modern Irish surnames began in the 10th century ad but often arose from the pre-existing dynastic/population groupings. The Y chromosomes of 59 men possessing names with a purported common origin within the Uí Néill genealogies were collected and genotyped for 17 Y-chromosome STRs. The Uí Néill sample population was composed of the following surnames (sample number): (O’)Gallagher (12), (O’)Boyle (9), (O’)Doherty (5), O’Donnell (4), O’Connor (3), Cannon (3), Bradley (2), O’Reilly (2), Flynn (2), (Mc)Kee (2), Campbell (1), Devlin (1), Donnelly (1), Egan (1), Gormley (1), Hynes (1), McCaul (1), McGovern (1), McLoughlin (1), McManus (1), McMenamin (1), Molloy (1), O’Kane (1), O’Rourke (1), and Quinn (1). The phylogenetic relationships between these Y-chromosome haplotypes, shown in figure 2, were reconstructed using MJ networks (Bandelt et al. 1999) with the software NETWORK, version 4.1 (Fluxus Engineering). To simplify networks, a reduced median (Bandelt et al. 1995) algorithm was initially applied to the data, followed by analysis with the MJ method. A large coherent cluster centered on the IMH is predominant. The time to the most-recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of this lineage was estimated with the ρ statistic (Morral et al. 1994) in NETWORK, with use of a mutation rate of 1 per 2,131 years for a 17-marker haplotype (Zhivotovsky et al. 2004). At 1,730 (SD 670) years ago, it is at least consistent with an early-medieval time frame. A similar analysis of the IMH lineage in the general northwestern population sample is also roughly consistent with this time frame (1,010 years ago [SD 390). Furthermore, the presence of the IMH across several surnames, which are up to 1,000 years old, certainly suggests an origin predating their adoption. However, it may be that the rise in frequency did not begin with this but rather was associated with a group of descendents sometime later. The residual diversity in the Uí Néill sample is probably the cumulative consequence of nonpaternity events and the induction into the clan structure of unrelated males. If any of the Y chromosomes associated with these events were similar to the IMH, because of local homogeneity and recurrent mutation, then they will not be distinguishable here. the distribution of mutational divergence from the IMH in haplogroup R1b3 samples from Ireland as a whole, the Uí Néill-surname population, and the northwestern region where they originated. The smooth distribution in Ireland generally is an obvious contrast to the low-divergence bias (zero and one-step mutational distance) seen in the Uí Néill sample. The disrupted distribution in the general northwestern population illustrates the marked impact of this single recent ancestor on the Y-chromosome structure of the entire region.

[@paddyo3841]

The significance of IMH prominence in the Uí Néill cohort was next tested using a Mann-Whitney test, with the number of differences from the IMH for each haplotype (excluding outlying non-R1b3 chromosomes) used as a metric. The Uí Néill sample (n=57) showed a significantly higher affinity with the IMH (P

[@paddyo3841]

The significance of IMH prominence in the Uí Néill cohort was next tested using a Mann-Whitney test, with the number of differences from the IMH for each haplotype (excluding outlying non-R1b3 chromosomes) used as a metric. The Uí Néill sample (n=57) showed a significantly higher affinity with the IMH (P