Breaking Down the Cybertruck’s 48-Volt System: What’s Powered and Why

Munro & 3IS have partnered to deliver the most comprehensive Tesla Cybertruck Electronics Architecture Reports available in the industry. These reports are now available and come in two options: a complete Electronics Architecture Report, which covers every device with a wire or connector attached, and subsystem-specific reports for those interested in particular systems or devices.
Our in-depth analysis explores the integration of 48V systems in the Cybertruck, including their applications, benefits, and design challenges. Beyond the 48V system, we also examine the other power level networks, such as 12V, 16V, and 800V. Our reports detail how these voltage levels are converted and distributed across various system peripherals.
In addition, we offer a comprehensive breakdown of Tesla’s "Etherloop" network, providing insight into what the protocol controls-and, perhaps more importantly, what it doesn’t.
To learn more, visit leandesign.com or 3isinc.com, or contact [e-mail].
Munro Live is a KZbin channel that features Sandy Munro and other engineers from Munro & Associates. Munro is an engineering consulting firm and a world leader in reverse engineering, costing, and teardown benchmarking.
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#tesla #cybertruck #48v

[@MunroLive]

🚀 Interested in getting an in-depth look at the Tesla Cybertruck's Electronics Architecture? Our detailed reports cover everything you need to know! Reach out to us at 📧 [e-mail] for more information or visit our websites 🌐 leandesign.com and 3isinc.com to explore our offerings.

[@billybobbob3003]

you will never set a 48v standard with a 100,000 dollar vehicle it would need to be on something affordable like a honda crv or toyota rav4 or corolla/civic type vehicle.

[@RWBHere]

14:49 had me laughing. Thanks for that. 🙂👍

[@toukoaozaki]

@@billybobbob3003 Well, it won't by itself but gotta start somewhere, and it makes sense to start from a lower volume product while ramping up the design and finding & fixing any issues that may arise. Just like how Tesla started their production initially with Model S/X then 3/Y as they've grown.

[@matthiasgrunwald895]

Most iconic car ever made!

[@billybobbob3003]

@@matthiasgrunwald895 yep more iconic than 1969 camaro ya right lol.

[@a.noumen]

lol, to write “hi sandy” on circuit board is just nuts :)

[@melllvar4262]

😅

[@rogerstarkey5390]

Same on at least one casting

[@ColeBlack2]

Not only that but it’s written on every board in every cybertruck. Because how could they know which truck is going to Sandy. The commitment 😂

[@rogerstarkey5390]

​@@ColeBlack2 It's screen printing, of course it's on every board.

[@geirmyrvagnes8718]

Some circuit board designers have a sense of humor. 😄

[@djand77]

More of this type of content please! Excellent discussion.

[@MunroLive]

We've got more of these coming soon! Thanks for watching!

[@ariadnelecoutre9453]

Indeed!

[@marshalllapenta7656]

@@MunroLive How about compact TRUCKS the Ford Ranger or a Chevy Colorado vs Toyota Tacoma?

[@antoinepageau8336]

That would be on the History channel.

[@danubiosalas4231]

Please find someone which knows I comes from Intensity of the current, amps (amperes) is only the unit of measure.

[@carthick1000]

When was the last time an OEM gave a nod to a benchmarking company. Tesla and Munro guys rock!! Thanks Dale. We engineers watching these videos found one more interesting guest!!

[@galactictomato1434]

This is my favorite type of Munro Live content. Thanks guys.

[@stevenestrada1238]

I really enjoyed Dale, dude has the perfect personality for the explanation when doing the deep dive on the nitty-gritty of the technicals. Would like to see more of Dale in the future good job, Dale.

[@patmcdaniel2016]

Awesome and informative.

[@MunroLive]

Glad you liked it!

[@MbT379]

Excellent presentation. Thank you Tom and Dale. Agree more Tom and Dale.

[@MunroLive]

Our pleasure!

[@bulgarianicedtea7897]

Love the little “Hi Sandy” Easter egg

[@TechScottBrown]

FYI, the Air Pump is a powered by a 48v brushed motor. Love this content, I just took delivery of a beast and I’m learning all about it!

[@jamesbruce1183]

In a video with the tesla engineers, they said that the AC and other HV accessories had to be built to work on 400V AND 800V because the battery can be connected 400V 0r 800V depending on the capabilities of the DC fast charger it is connected to. Can't stop the HVAC just because it's an 800V system but while charging on a Tesla 400VDC charger, the charge port only sees 400V.

[@kellynkarr6270]

This was great. As a technician, I am excited for the future. It is really great to have companies working on transparency for us!

[@budgetaudiophilelife-long5461]

🤗THANKS TOM,DALE AND MUNRO FOR THE UPDATES🧐🔋🔋🔋

[@mikeselectricstuff]

I suspect a significant reason high voltages weren't used in the past is that it's difficult to make filament lamps at higher voltages that resist the vibration in a car environment

[@jamesengland7461]

Could be! Also the circular effect of the lighting contractor didn't want to sink development money if the OEM didn't commit to 48V, and neither did the electric motor contractors, or the wiring loom contractors, and all that inertia stopped development across the board for half a century. But then real technological developments weren't Detriot's forte, and the beginnings of emissions, fuel economy, and safety requirements caught them with their pants down.

[@markplott4820]

Filament lamps only need to be 1.5v nominal voltage. Cathodes for lighting can do 12v. projector lamps need 48v. and LED don't even need 3v.

[@shazam6274]

@@markplott4820 Now, Now, Mark, you're entering into the ignorance zone, like Sandy often does when it comes to electricity. While a "grain of wheat" filament bulb works at 1/2 Volt, all those "filament" bulbs in your house are 120V in the USA, and 220-240 V elsewhere.

[@BarryObaminable]

​@@shazam6274and don't last durang an earthquake if the power is on

[@dalekoch5265]

Your correct. LEDs with constant current drivers, easy peasy.

[@MooseOnEarth]

Finally someone a little more knowledgable in electronics, that partnership with 3is and Intrepid already pays off. But some of those 48V mild-hybrids have quite a higher number of 48V actuators: for stabilization control at the stabilizer actuators (Audi Q7, Porsche Panamera), small oil pumps and water pumps (Mercedes), or the actuator on a compressor shaft (Audi SQ7, a non hybrid, yet with a 48V sub-net). In general, Audi Q7 4M was the car that introduced a number of 48V components already in 2015 and on. The list of 48V components in Cybertruck is: 2x radiator fans (BLDC), 1x HVAC blower (BLDC), power steering actuators (front 2x, rear: 1x), oil pumps at the drive units (1 oil pump per traction motor), 4x window regulator motors (BLDC) (Brose), 1x wiper motor, 1x accessory power feed to the frunk (400W), 1x accessory power feed to the roof (400W), 3x domain controller ECUs (Left Front Controller, Right Front Controller, Rear Body Controller), 1x power conversion system (PCS 2), 1x 48-volt lithium-ion battery. I am not sure about the headlights and tail lights, whether they are supplied 48V or 12V/16V. To mention a few components that draw notable power but that Tesla kept at 12/16V (could have been converted to 48V, but were not): air compressor for suspension, (that is still 12/16V for sure, CareSoft already analyzed that) Autopilot ECU, MCU, Hydraulic Control Unit, Trailer Control Module.

[@michaelsmithers4900]

Do you think in 2+ years we’ll see an increase in 48v components since the architecture is there?

[@MooseOnEarth]

@michaelsmithers4900 Will likely depend on adoption by industry.

[@kcw9313]

These gents rule! gracias

[@Doctorbasss]

Look like the BABY BLUE color is a standard for 48V not only for Tesla but also for Anderson connector like the SB serie for instance.

[@Jaker788]

Yes. Blue is the primary standard color, though it's not an enforced standard or anything. There are alternative colors too, for forklifts more so, if there are 2 48v forklifts with different battery sizes you would ideally use different connectors so they only go into the charger that's setup for that size. Or you install a communication module on the battery and have compatible chargers to read the battery information and charge profile. Since they're all keyed, blue (48) won't go into red (24v) or grey (36v).

[@rickrutledge9363]

I really like the info given in this video. More please!

[@AlexBenfica]

This is very valuable content. A 20m video talking about the window drive motor would be great.

[@TechScottBrown]

I agree, being in service I would love to learn the “why”

[@roadmound429]

Excellent work by Sandi Munro's team. Tesla is sweeping all the legacy automakers on everything... On everything... Batteries, Manufacturing of the body, Power & Control of vehicle's hardware-components, Communication Network... All for the sake of making the vehicle more efficient and saving cost... BUT in an INTELLIGENT WAY.

[@gregeconomeier1476]

More Tom and Dale please!

[@MunroLive]

Tom appears in many of our videos, particularly those related to batteries. On the other hand, Dale works for 3iS and is unlikely to feature in future videos.

[@WarrenLacefield]

This was a great video. And so is the 48v system. But, ha, there was/is so much more they could have talked about. Many videos worth, I guess! The reason, I've understood, for separating the controllers is to avoid a single fault failure and wiring cries-crossing the body frame. (Guess I'd have to buy the report to be sure. 🙂). Thank you, Munro Associates. We need a Part 2 & 3 & more.

[@MikkoTikkanen]

Oh, so Cybertruck is taking more first steps towards the Unboxed process than just Etherloop - Doors already got separate controllers, which is pretty much required for unboxed as each part needs to be standalone so that you can test them individually in a testing station. And when integrating into the main body you have to just slap one connector in and be done with it.

[@Miata822]

Most OEMs use a variety of controllers scattered around the vehicle. Tesla moving almost everything to two main boards was one of the "features" that Munro loudly touted in past videos. Of course that design led to high repair costs when anything went poof.

[@MikkoTikkanen]

@@Miata822 I am aware but what unboxed requires in something completely different compared to traditional controllers+CAN. Every piece needs to be able to be tested separately by plugging the car into simulated & populated ether-loop, so it needs to have full capabilities as standalone without any other controllers around. Which is why every piece needs a computer that serves as "local controller", doors included.

[@petersilva037]

"why dis-integrate" ? because they run one etherloop connection to the door. and then everything in the door radiates out from that controller ... it saves copper going from each component to the body controller.

[@rogerstarkey5390]

That was my first thought as well.

[@ralanham76]

It's also easier for troubleshooting. Since everything nearby connects to the same board.

[@morrisg]

Plus you shorten the control loop for things in the door that must cooperate. For example, dropping the window an inch when unlocking and opening the door, all handled in the local door controller without adding traffic to the vehicle controller etherloop.

[@ikocheratcr]

I think it also simplifies the number of cables that go to the door, which bend everytime one opens and closes the door. They can have more stress relief on smaller count.

[@whattheschmidt]

Way faster, easier production there too.

[@alandalgety4073]

Great episode please make a follow up episode. Deeper dive great interest in all this rocket science truck.

[@MunroLive]

For a deeper dive, you can purchase one of our reports! leandesign.com/reports/

[@bohenriksson2330]

When two old geezers pour out some wiring and boards you know it’s going to be good 😊!

[@dennisfahey2379]

You can hear a little frustration - the same tone as Sandy really - with how Detroit refused to take bigger steps. For these guys it was 42V. For Sandy it was castings. I cannot help but think back to the rise of Japanese cars in the Oil Crisis. Detroit COULD have responded better - these guys (or guys like them) would have responded better but the management refused to let them swing the bat and the rest is history. GM, Ford and Stellantis have tremendous design and manufacturing prowess - they lack leadership with a fire in the belly to do great things. Elon's biggest advantage is resolve. He will make the decisions and move on while they work their Powerpoint decks over months of meetings. And Elon will say to his Engineers - here's the bat - swing the damn thing. Go work up a few options and price them out. And it will be a cross-functional team with no turf wars and no politics. Just like the beginning of those companies - before the bloat.

[@john_hind]

What on earth are those two humungous chips on the 'Hi Sandy' circuit board (14:44) doing? It just controls one three phase motor and a position sensor - seems like an excessive number of IO pins for such a relatively simple task?

[@DummyLooks]

There's 2 because of redundancy, you can see the pcb has two identical circuits on each half of it. Why so big, no idea really, they may want more pins for extra sensors and redundancy but it's still looking like way too much. Maybe there were no smaller chips that fit their reliability requirements.

[@ralanham76]

With 45 legs each side it's probably a custom ic maybe with built-in redundancy. Also they're measuring a lot, to give accurate feedback to the steering wheel.

[@dalekoch5265]

Redundancy, especially with sheer by wire.

[@ikocheratcr]

Depends on the inverter architecture, it might not be just 2 transistor per phase. Think more efficient, tighter control ;)

[@john_hind]

Quite unusual to have a chip with that many pins in a SOIC, usually you'd go to a BGA. It certainly looks like around 200 pins per chip. Recall that there are two of this complete assembly for redundancy (plus one for the rear). But it does look like there are two three-phase drivers for per-motor driver and logic redundancy. Assuming these are directly controlled bridges, that would be four control lines per phase for a total of twelve. There does not seem to be sufficient transistor packages for anything more. But it occurs that they might have cross-over redundancy were either logic chip can drive the motor through either bridge set (even maybe on a per-phase basis). This would require 24 control lines on each logic chip. Then they might have each chip monitor the outputs of the other bringing the IO count to 32. Still seems way short of the number of pins on the chips.

[@techiheed1845]

Loved that review. Keep them coming.

[@SundanceHelicopterTours]

Super, hyper interesting video. Really well presented. The wealth of knowledge of both of you is impressive. Thank you.

[@Derpy1969]

“hi, Sandy!” Lol!!

[@TomTom-cm2oq]

Fascinating insight! Thank you :)

[@Mrbfgray]

Very interesting. Always tune into Munro for anything Tesla.

[@DougKirby-f5q]

This is so good. This is all American. This is putting America back to work, baby. Let’s go.

[@cengeb]

Do you know where lots of parts come from for Tesla? Another one that is easily fooled

[@hoedenbesteller]

How is that. The truck is one huge failure...

[@cengeb]

Are you clueless? It's not all American, do you know where China is for many parts? WOW...no wonder Trump got elected, we are doomed. This goof is a useless dumb product. A Mush continues to prove he's another stable genius...oy vey.

[@nadgerz]

I want that hour of talking about the window lift motor, Dale!

[@absolutionYNWA]

Thanks for the introduction! And I really wish for a video about that interesting pulse charging method for 48V battery🤩

[@steamtorch]

"it's rocket science" Glad to own some of that myself.

[@neilfroese9385]

Hi Sandy It’s an incredible nod to Sandy.

[@shirolee]

Hahaha, that's high level praise hidden on that PCBA... 14:33

[@mukamuka0]

Audio is a bit low but fantastic content as always

[@mini2nut67]

After this detailed explanation by Dale it’s very clear as to why the Cybertruck took 6-7 years to develop. State of the art electronics!

[@rogerstarkey5390]

"It ain't Rocket Science!" Oh... Wait.... Maybe it IS! . Next we'll have the same old Muppets complaining about misuse of personnel between companies.... Except this time "Tesla" was *BENEFITTING* from "SpaceX expertise! (Their logic should be "imaginative "?)

[@carholic-sz3qv]

bullshit and then there is still 12v everywhere?

[@carholic-sz3qv]

@@rogerstarkey5390 nonsense, they didnt invent those electronics they just used it. the solar panels on satellites are super way advanced and efficient but more expensive that what use on the ground for example.

[@phillyphil1513]

@@carholic-sz3qv re: "bullshit and then there is still 12v everywhere?" exactly this is a bunch of BS, it's a bunch of "fantasizing" and EGO STROKING (every EE knows this).

[@BarryObaminable]

​@rogerstarkey5390 Same old Muppets saying. Elon not all that smart. He didn't do everything.

[@shou635]

Awesome video! Please make another episode.

[@MunroLive]

Stay tuned 👀

[@EVZacOfAllTrades]

Would love you to do a deeper dive video on the PCS2!

[@MunroLive]

👀

[@anthonybha4510]

Thank you - MORE OF THIS

[@danfalley9296]

I really like that battery disconnect. That could industry wide as useful as it is.

[@carholic-sz3qv]

the industry already has such things, bmw started using 16v smart lithium batteries way before anyone else

[@thomas6502]

Really cool. Thank you!

[@lyokofans]

Will there be a followup video on the cast aluminum frames and why they aren't suitable for bearing loads beyond the footprint of the vehicle?

[@harrycooch]

How does the copper weight savings compare to the added weight needed to convert down to 16/12V? An entire extra module for the trailer seems like a bad trade off

[@misc3896]

More on power electronics please. There are some geeks that love to learn more about this stuff.

[@sagarmeena0210]

Amazing info about the Tesla tech ❤

[@glike2]

48V seems like a strategic goal to achieve 100% electrification of transportation

[@keithjive]

He’s such a tease, love it!

[@wtmayhew]

It makes sense to command steering over CAN bus. CAN bus has inherent priority arbitration where messages to lower numbered device addresses automatically defer lower priority messages to higher numbered addresses by over-writing their 1 bits in the message header with 0 bits. CAN bus is also isochronous, that is messages always take a deterministic amount of time to deliver. Ethernet does not guarantee such characteristics, both of which are critically important to communicating a driver’s command input to be executed by the steering gear motor. Priority and timelines are more important to steering than the bus bit rate. The Cybertruck steering rack may be manufactured by ZF, and CAN may be what ZF is more comfortable working with regardless of other factors.

[@HenryLoenwind]

Ethernet is a physical spec that says nothing about the message protocol that's run over it. You can easily run CAN over Ethernet (instead of IP over Ethernet) and get the full benefits you describe. What's more likely the reason is electrical isolation. They wanted the redundant system completely isolated, and in effect, they could use anything they wanted there, no matter what the rest of the car uses.

[@wtmayhew]

@@HenryLoenwind Thank you for the reply. That is not entirely true. CAN may be encapsulated in Ethernet frames at layer 2, but the Ethernet physical layer in a bus topology* does not support inherent priority arbitration, so that is lost. Ethernet supports priority after a fashion, but it is supported in the message header, not physically at the bit level. *Switched Ethernet is a way to prevent contention.

[@chengcao418]

​@@wtmayhew arbitration what you said is totally true. On the deterministic part, Ethernet can be deterministic and is how Tesla designed their protocol. Nothing on the ether loop is routed dynamically, according to Tesla it's all statically time sliced so everything is fixed in place (I should say fixed in time?) and synchronized

[@Chas_Reno]

excellent ...EXCELLENT!

[@MunroLive]

Many thanks!

[@0ricle]

What percent of the CT is still 12v?

[@phillyphil1513]

Q: What percent of the CT is still 12v? A: "A LOT...!!!" (best Donald Trump voice)

[@danharold3087]

How do you want to count it. By device or by amount of current used. If that sounds odd then I asked the right question to get you thinking.

[@gmv0553]

​@@phillyphil1513then we cannot believe it!

[@0ricle]

@@danharold3087 I was thinking by device, but now im also i interested in current also.

[@danharold3087]

@@0ricle The video tells us the high current devices are 48. Not sure who said it first but the heat pump operates off the high voltage battery.

[@44Bigs]

"Hi Sandy" hahaha that's amazing

[@hacked2123]

48v is going to be insanely important with campers/RV'ers soon with most solar systems running on it. Will be nice to see what kind of Tesla components/lights/USB/latches/motors use 48v as their input in the future that can be ordered and fit to an RV (or offgrid solar solution)

[@Kenneth_James]

You know you've made it when a board says Hi Sandy

[@Resist4]

I kept thinking why do they look familiar. Then I realized all their head and hand movements, and sitting low behind the table reminded me of a Muppets episode. lol. Pretty cool that "Hi Sandy" was on that circuit board.

[@BlazerRox]

Now I want to know about the Cybertruck door modules :)

[@johnnymellon7414]

Yes please. Have him talk 1/2 an hour about that motor component. Seriously

[@MilushevGeorgi]

Very interesting great job, can’t wait to find out why the heck they moved the dang modules in the door

[@chintsaichen705]

Hello, what voltage does the cybertruck audio system use?

[@philtrubey7480]

The audio amps are built into those zone controllers you see in this video. They directly drive the various speakers. There isn’t a separate “audio module”, all the amplifiers are distributed around the vehicle.

[@markplott4820]

BTW - the sub woofer in Cybertruck uses the vehicle body as a BASS port.

[@Derpy1969]

Yes.

[@rkan2]

​@@markplott4820What other car has that level of integration?

[@dalekoch5265]

24 v

[@johnolavhenriksen5209]

Why not use BLDC-motors for the window lift? How about the audio system? Does that run on 48 volts? Most audio amplifiers running on 12 volts contain a step ut DC-DC converter. With a 48 volt supply you can basically skip the step up converter and run the output amplifiers directly from the 48 volt supply.

[@waynerussell6401]

Currently 24v but plan on going to 48v: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gGbddYGXjpaZrKs

[@jimanderson4444]

Good work men, I'll use the cutoff, when welding parts on the CT. Jim

[@MrFoxRobert]

Thank you!

[@MunroLive]

You're welcome!

[@JFirn86Q]

What is that constellation looking thing right above the "Hi Sandy"? No one seems to mention that.

[@Doctorbasss]

13:20, 48 or 12V motor with a given power will have the same amount of copper inside. It is just the wiring of that motor that will benefit from having less copper. A 48V motor need 4x more turns per tooth of stator or rotor of 4 time smaller wire...

[@ralanham76]

I think he is talking about the wiring coming from the controller to the motor.

[@iandavies4853]

I’d question your logic. 48v will have thicker insulation, but very thin copper. For a given wattage, 4x voltage can use a quarter of the current.

[@celeron55]

I bet the reason for the door controllers is that they're on etherloop and integrate DACs and audio amplifiers for the speakers. I might be wrong, but I hope it's that futuristic!

[@dalekoch5265]

Just door functions, audio is handled in the main controllers.

[@JRs-Garage]

I laughed so hard when I saw Sandy’s name on the motor control board ! I guess Sandy is famous now congratulations 🎊🎉🎈🍾 Sandy

[@YouT-DJ]

Very interesting thanks!

[@geirmyrvagnes8718]

The few things that run on 800 V except the main motors, also must run on 400 V, since during charging, they "just" split the battery in two and get half the voltage. That way they can use current Superchargers. So they can not use the power electronics for a "simple" 800 V or 400 V system. All of that stuff has to be state of the art Tesla or made in close cooperation with Tesla.

[@briansilver9652]

I was looking for this comment so I wouldn't replicate it. Exactly right sir.

[@paulmorrow8372]

Other than the propulsion motors, what runs on 800 volts? I think the steering motors are 48v.

[@briansilver9652]

@@paulmorrow8372 They mentioned that the AC compressor was HV

[@markplott4820]

Tesla semi is 1000v, megawatt class.

[@geirmyrvagnes8718]

@@markplott4820 Which is all well and good. But how compatible is it with charging at lower voltage levels?

[@steinmar2]

Please dive into the bidirectional on board charger (: i think it would fit in all vehicle due to the small size

[@aware2action]

Wondering how much of the 48V has been redesigned at what level(hardware, firmware?). It is a common practice to use a low voltage motor driven at higher voltage(3d printer steppers being one example), just by controlling the pulse width to ensure not overdriving the current through the coil. Unless a true 48V system is needed(such as fine control down to low speeds, with sustained high output and torque at full voltage), the design change is not really doing much other than adding an additional stepup converter and efficiency loss and probably reduced MTBF, at a marginally improved performance(seems to be consistent with the Dale's remarks towards the end). Just some 💭. Excellent technical discussion as always.❤👍

[@DougGrinbergs]

4:15 isolated jump-start post can take 12/16/48V

[@jonathantribble7013]

Yes!!! Hi Sandy!! 😂

[@JetFire9]

Sandy: “This is wire in a Tesla. It’s the most amazing wire I have ever seen in my career. It is capable of passing current, which is absolutely amazing and shows why you should pump up my Tesla stock.”

[@danharold3087]

Perhaps you should have watched the video.

[@cengeb]

Shilling is their prime objective. They think Tesla has done what no other has done before, too bad, Tesla copies all others that have done so much more, for so much longer. It's sad to have such a fake, phony, fraud as your hero. Wake up.

[@kylejacobs1247]

With the post still on the battery, is there physical lockout to prevent bumping the connecter back into place by accident?

[@dalekoch5265]

Yes, a plastic latch.

[@timh2870]

Is either end of the 48V tied to chassis or is it floating?

[@thankscraig8361]

Thanks so much World Peace

[@batchint]

so… safe and sound…. ✨

[@carterpasch6085]

This is all The rite stuff Well done Tesla and Munro. I really love how open Tesla has been with its technology for anyone. Bottom line is truly bettering the world. Now if we could just stop all the bank fraud and get people to stop stealing But anyway very informative video 48v is smart

[@trampfossil]

I have a GEM car 72 v and want to bring it into the modern era, with solar and 2 battery systems one that can be charging while the other is running.. I have 6 12 c sopar pannels to cover the back bed of the pick up wrap and wonder the best way to incorperate this system with modern parts. any suggestions?

[@douggolde7582]

This just scratches the surface. I would like to see deeper dive. If you can’t analyze the protocol at least peel open the physical layer. What does Ethernet traffic look like on an analyzer under different load conditions? What are the pin outs? What do all the modules do?

[@dclpgh]

Youll have to $$$ for the "deeper dive" my friend.

[@MunroLive]

For a deeper dive, you can purchase our reports! leandesign.com/reports/

[@stargazer3828]

Only Tesla would take the time to write "Hi Sandy" on their equipment!

[@danharold3087]

Only Tesla has a reasonable expectation of 'Sandy' ever seeing their equipment. Even more so on KZbin.

[@gmv0553]

​@@danharold3087because Sandy worships Tesla and shows little respect for the competition! That is the issue I have with this channel! Support the entire ev movement if you want total recognition!

[@janh-r8h]

❤

[@vanitacabral4951]

It's not just about saving copper, but also about reducing problems with contacts, high currents and fires.

[@ryanwschneeberger]

Amazing. QUESTION: Is there an integrated brake controller for the trailer? I had to buy a model X cable for my Model Y from Tesla and a third party brake controller to velcro to my dashboard in order to run the brakes on my camper.

[@danharold3087]

I recall hearing an integrated brake controller in this video. They mention 4 and what is the other connector 7? wire outputs. In short Yes.

[@ryanwschneeberger]

@@danharold3087 Yes I lean toward understanding it as you did but it was unclear if it's just for the lights or also does brakes. Model Y only does the lights and the brake pins were inactive without that workaround.

[@frankcurulli1244]

Very good presentation... Would like to see comment on the motor for that huge windscreen wiper! Is it 48V and is it a special large hi-torque motor or just a standard wiper motor. Thanks, Frank

[@dalekoch5265]

It's 48 V, we have a detail study of that motor. Good question.

[@brandonv8721]

depends on if they do system engineering to stay in silos as its easy to talk yourself into 12V only in a silo as my electronics are cheaper with 12V total

[@free_spirit1]

Please bring Dale back soon.

[@MunroLive]

Dale works for 3iS and is unlikely to feature in future videos.

[@gregcollins3404]

Power loss is proportional to the square of the current flow. If you double the volts, you half the current and reduce the power lost in the wiring to a fourth....

[@pablopicaro7649]

Copper losses (I^2R) are NOT significant in an Automobile. savings is in reduction of Conductor size as current drops to a specific load.

[@iandavies4853]

Exactly. That’s one magic relationship. It’s especially important for the high loads like steering. Was pointed out that the A/C is too high a load even for 48v. Lower losses means less fire risk - something hybrids & ICE are prone to.

[@johnpublicprofile6261]

QUIET WINDOW WINDER Reports of the Cybertruck window mechanism being very quite is presumably down to the motor being 48v and I guess the extra power allows a lower winder gear ratio so fewer motor turns needed?

[@ChuckvdL]

More voltage doesn’t mean more power when you also reduce the current.

[@johnpublicprofile6261]

@@ChuckvdL True, but it does mean more power if you do keep cables and current the same. And, as said, it could explain observations that the CT winder is very quiet.

[@stephenhumble7627]

Teslas switch from lead acid LV battery of nominally around 14.6 volts when charging to the lithium ion battery which is around 15.6 volts when charging also gives a little advantage. It's a bit higher but still being within the tolerable range for 12 volt components.

[@Castor364]

48V dc Been used on aircraft since the second war or as long as I've been an aircraft engineer. 1970's

[@shawncooper8131]

And this is the first Gen from them. By 3rd gen should be great.

[@ldm3027]

why is the steering motor dual wound AC? what about the comms? this connection scheme cant be assembled automatically, especially with the very long headers on the boards which have to be carefully connected on the line

[@JonVB-t8l]

He said 3 phase AC and it's for efficiency mostly. Quad copters also use 3 phase AC. DC motors are usually brushed and thats a component you don't want to wear out if you don't have a mechanical backup. BLDC would be almost as efficient as AC but requires permanent magnets that Tesla is trying to reduce to lower cost.

[@ldm3027]

@@JonVB-t8l 3 phase double wound AC motors are much more complex than brushless DC and are unlikely to be significantly more efficient - that wont be a criterion in a small motor anyway.

[@barttemolder3405]

4:16 Jump starts - I wondered if the DC-DC converter would have enough power to power the startup from 12V to the 48V system but quickly realized the Cybertruck does not need a starter motor to crank anything :) Yet this may be an issue for introducing 48V systems to cars which do have an ICE engine.

[@raleedy]

As was noted, European mild hybrids (BMW, Mercedes for example) have been using 48-volt systems for a long time to crank the engine.

[@barttemolder3405]

@@raleedy Absolutely. And I have a mild hybrid as well which starts using the high voltage flywheel dynamo. But is will use its high power only when the 12V system is operational as that powers the control logic of its high voltage battery system. So if I have to jump start my car, the high voltage system does not work and the normal 12V starter motor it also has chugs it to life. In my car a 12V jump does not power the high voltage battery, and I would not be surprised if this is the same in all the 48V mild hybrids. Which means they need both a 12V battery and a 48V battery, and a 12V starter motor. That would not be necessary if the 12Vto48V converter can tackle the power needed to jump the car fusing the high voltage starter motor with 12V jump contactors. And that's the point I'm making. If the DC-DC converter is powerful enough the car can be jumped using 12V contactors while it does not need a 12V starter motor etc.

[@alanblyde8502]

So interesting 👌🇦🇺

[@MXLudacris]

Next to grreting phrase for Sandy - tha Star sign Taurus :-)

[@George_Shonia]

separate modules for each dor maybe for redundancy in case of crash

[@ClayBellBrews]

So do the drive motors run at 400v or 800?

[@HenryLoenwind]

Neither. They run on 3-phase AC, which is generated from the battery's DC.

[@ClayBellBrews]

@@HenryLoenwind yes, but it will have a voltage and the battery will be in 800 or 400v mode.

[@HenryLoenwind]

​@@ClayBellBrews Sorry, my reply was a bit brief and assumed way too much. AC means that the voltage takes any value between 0 and Vmax. So, an inverter that generates AC with a Vmax of 100 V can generate 0, 1, 2, 3, ... 98, 99, and 100 V. So the DC voltage doesn't matter for the AC voltage (with the exception that producing an AC voltage that always is lower than the DC input voltage is way easier than one that can be higher). This also means that an inverter that can take 800 V DC and generate AC with a Vmax of 800V can also generate 700V AC, 600V AC, or 10 V AC. It's just a question of programming how high the voltage should go before going down again. (Side note: I'm intentionally using Vmax here, as the RMS that's usually used isn't the maximum voltage on the line; it's the average voltage ignoring the flow direction. For example, a line voltage of 120V AC RMS varies between +170V and -170V momentary. To generate 120V AC, an inverter has to generate 170V DC for a very short moment.) This means that as long as the inverter can stomach the input voltage, it doesn't matter what the DC and AC voltages are. An inverter that can take 400 to 1000 V DC can power a 400 Vmax AC motor or a 45 V RMS AC motor at any time just the same. And it gets even better: An AC motor's voltage rating is the maximum it can take. You can run it at any lower AC voltage and it will still work, just have less power. (The speed will be the same, that is determined by the frequency of the AC.) So you can run an 800V AC motor at 400V AC and it will happily run at half power. In fact, with the accelerator pedal in an EV you are more controlling the voltage (power) of the motor than its speed (frequency). The speed is set by the control computer to be slightly higher/lower than the current speed to accelerate/decelerate.

[@connerlabs]

The battery will be in 800V mode to drive the car. That is the reason for using 800V instead of 400, it's a more efficient way to configure a big battery pack to deliver lots of power to move a heavy vehicle. The traction inverters take 800V DC and deliver up to about 600V AC to the motors depending on speed.

[@ClayBellBrews]

@@connerlabs good to know, so any kind of extended range device would also have to be 800vdc. I think my main concern is why they bothered putting out a truck that can’t tow. Right now, it’s just a SUV that’s too big to park. It’s like they decided to ignore the apx 30 million bumper pull RV’s and 100 million other trailers like boats and cargo.