Caesar on the Gauls // Roman Primary Source (58 - 49 BC)

[@pridefulobserver3807]

"Gods, I hate Gauls, my grandfather hated them too... even before they put out his eyes"

[@thisismyname3928]

Is this a repost from earlier, or a combination of your two earlier vids on this subject?

[@Nikelaos_Khristianos]

"War will come, and I will have no more false visions, I am certain. I think... I think the children will be quiet tonight."

[@Albukhshi]

@@thisismyname3928 It's the opening lines to the Romans_julii faction intro, in Rome: total war (the 2004 game)

[@thisismyname3928]

@@Albukhshi I'm talking about the videos, not whatever nonsense these posters are talking.

[@maximvsdread1610]

This is a line quoted the game ROME Total War from the introduction of the Julii faction ;)

[@SpencerTaylorOnline]

Regardless of whether you think Caesar was a dictator or a genius, or both, we can all agree that he kept outstanding notes.

[@Albukhshi]

Even his enemies at the time thought so too. Guy could write!

[@cachorrovinagre2979]

Being a sociopathic dictator does not stop him from being a genius.

[@SpencerTaylorOnline]

@@cachorrovinagre2979 amen to that! Sadly, history has too many examples.

[@cachorrovinagre2979]

@@SpencerTaylorOnline True.

[@BruneSixtine]

These were not "outstanding notes". It was propaganda describing Gauls as ferocious people who he managed to conquer.

[@Cu-Co]

Any content on the PICTS would be appreciated.

[@bobcharlie2337]

Gosh, yeah.

[@thebrocialist8300]

Were they the Brythonic race that perpetually fought/lost to the Romans in a completely undignified manner (doing battle entirely in the nude) or were they the enigmatic ones with the blue tattoos and prowess in battle?

[@taylorwheeler6793]

@@thebrocialist8300 What kind of weirdo would wear clothes to battle rather than blue paint

[@pajeirussaurio1405]

@@thebrocialist8300 they're the ones with the blue paint that were never conquered

[@angebrowne1730]

Survival + Stuff See the natural mummies of the Tarim Basin, which was part of ancient Sumaria. One of the tartans found with them is an exact replica (except for a thin yellow line that may have been there and faded) of one of the plaids of my paternal line. My aunt traced the lineage back to a Pictish area. I think the tartan is mentioned here mathildasanthropologyblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/08/the-mummies-of-the-tarim-basin/amp/ but there are a lot of other sites and yt videos about them. If you are Pict or part Pict descent, hello my cousin :)

[@Admiral_Apparent]

Caesar: Hippitus Hoppitus, your lands are now my Propitus (granted this is indeed paraphrased and lacks the nuance of proper classical Latin)

[@jackalhead7433]

Caesar''s phrace "I came, I saw and I conquered" Pretty much sums up what you said

[@kahlilg9824]

Jackal head vini, vidi, vici.

[@midshipman8654]

Jackal head but that wasn’t the Gauls, but the Bosporans.

[@LeoNarrator]

I'd say: Hippietās hoppietās es tū mea prōprietās

[@westjapartyside]

modern day language is "UWU i own you now diddy"

[@GeneralOlde]

Dude was too proud to bring up Asterix.

[@calwood6354]

He was just a footnote in history compared to Julius Caesar

[@Otterdisappointment]

Keebs underrated joke

[@NWOTheories]

I thought Asterix was Ceasar's biggest headache?😆

[@doctorpicardnononono7469]

after Cleopatra anyway.

[@Kenzofeis]

Obelix was bigger

[@Albukhshi]

@@Kenzofeis Quite literally, as it happens.

[@laurentfranco8075]

No we were. The Belgae. We were fighting the Romans and the Germans at the same time. Caesar must thought of us being mad. 🤣

[@mariocassina90]

Literally every single student of latin in history (me included) has translated it ...fond memories of my early teenagerhood

[@DonRoyalX]

Beautiful. I wish I had learnt it in school

[@ardilloardilloso3382]

"Something moves" -Roman: is this a Sythian?

[@skellagyook]

Lol

[@ligninman]

Well yes.... but actualy no

[@ardilloardilloso3382]

@@ligninman sir are you Sythian?

[@trazwaggon]

Holy shit "gaul is divided into three parts" "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres" This phrase is carved in my mind from all the times I've heard and read it in high school This fragment of de bello gallico was the first source translation they made us do on my third year studying latin Ahaha such fun memories

[@alejandromedina4597]

"GALIA ESTa DIVIdidA En TRES PARTES" Its amazing how much modern Spanish its the same as Latin.

[@trazwaggon]

@@alejandromedina4597 La Gallia è divisa in tre parti (italian) Sa Gallia est divisa in partes tres (sardinian) Romance languages are basically spiced up latin

[@jamesdakrn]

@@trazwaggon And in many cases (heh) simplified too! Loss of cases, loss of neuter & overall less complicated inflectiosn

[@Eumanel12]

"A Gália é dividida em três partes", portuguese

[@lvcaslemos]

​@@alejandromedina4597 Same language, same heritage, all Romance nations descend from a unique city - Mater Roma.

[@TheSaneHatter]

I actually had to read the original Latin in high school.

[@slappy8941]

Wow you're lucky.

[@gabriellima7900]

"Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres".

[@Den_Anderen]

Everyone who took up Latin comes across this text sooner or later

[@yackamajez]

Same. We also read pliny’s first hand account of mount Vesuvius’s eruption

[@Sleepless4Life]

Why were you in prison? Who on Earth forcea children to learn and translate latin? God damn catholics!

[@tinkmarshino]

outstanding... you always give such a personal touch to history.. it is much appreciated...

[@VoicesofthePast]

Thanks!

[@tinkmarshino]

@@VoicesofthePast I truly thank you.. I enjoy history and to have these little tidbits of person observations it quite exciting..

[@Fenristhegreat]

Congrats on 100k subscribers, well deserved.

[@VoicesofthePast]

Thanks pal!

[@angebrowne1730]

Fenristhegreat Yes, just recently found this channel. Very interesting.

[@kdog5041]

I've often wondered why the continental Celtic tribes were wiped out when the Germanic tribes were not. They seem to have been relatively similar in terms of cultural and military prowess. Then recently I came across a quote by Napoleon Bonaparte, "You must not fight too often with one enemy, or you will teach him all your art of war." The Gauls were destroyed remarkably quickly, France and Spain are effectively peninsulas, and there was no sprawling hinterland for them to retreat into and regroup, as was the case for the Germanic, and later, the Slavic tribes. After centuries of virtually constant warfare against the Romans, their technology caught up, militarily of not scientifically, and ultimately that is the only technology that truly matters, as Emperor Honorius could tell you.

[@fallowfieldoutwest]

but wouldnt it be more precise to say they were assimilated by the Romans rather than wiped out?

[@Hamsterzilla1349]

Gaul and Spain were next to Italy and had extensive road and river networks for Roman armies and administration to move around. By comparison Germanics and Slavs were in further, less accessible areas. And while the Celtic tribes were catching up in terms of administration, there weren't completely there yet. It's not just about the conquest, it's also about the systematic occupation and "peace keeping" afterwards. People like to stress the Romans' supposed military superiority while Caesar didn't come far from losing his legions, while they underestimate the Roman state's organisation. This being said, while the war was grueling demographically, they weren't wiped out. Gaulish was still spoken by the time the Western Empire collapsed.

[@rickb1973]

I'd say that probably the most important event was Varus losing 3 entire legions at Teutoberg in 9 AD. I'd say that nobody really wanted to see another army swallowed up in that deep, dark woods for a generation or two after that. By the time Marcus Aurelius is fighting and writing up there in the 160's to 180's, the Romans are about to face a serious decline politically and the Germanic barbarians are definitely on the ascent. They become the Goths, Franks, and Saxons and take over Europe.

[@TheZapan99]

Because Caesar is giving himself too much credit, as usual. He was only able to conquer Gaul because the Narbonensis province was already under Greek/Roman influence for centuries, and he allied himself with various tribes, like the Aedui, to ransack their neighbors. Nobody ever mentions the real reason patricians assassinated Caesar is because they were revolted by the nomination of Gaulish senators from allied tribes.

[@jl9211]

@@rickb1973 Germanicus crossed into Germania and defeated the tribes that Arminius led not too long after. They didn't launch a full invasion of Germania because the land was harder to farm than in places like Gaul

[@HikmaHistory]

One of my favourite figures in history!

[@Niiiiith]

I love these please keep them coming

[@VoicesofthePast]

Okay!

[@theunion6024]

I click on these videos so hard when I see them, it’s finger breaking

[@VoicesofthePast]

Nice!

[@jackjohnson2465]

Yeah I smashed my finger straight through my screen

[@watarimono17]

"Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres" - sic dictum est a Caesare!

[@dukeman7595]

France is divided into three parts - the so-called Caesar

[@JJJRRRJJJ]

“Sextus the Pest!” was a better chapter.

[@Artur_M.]

This famous beginning of Commentarii de Bello Gallico always makes me think about a song "Classical History Lesson" by Polish singer, songwriter and poet Jacek Kaczmarski, in which he used the opening sentence in original Latin, followed by the even more iconic phrase "Ave Caesar morituri te salutant!" as a refrain. Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres Quarum unam incolunt Belgae aliam Aquitani Tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae nostra Galli appellantur Ave Caesar morituri te salutant! Europe reverberates heavy legion's march inevitable spelling for the Republic crash Gaul hills from mixed blood turn into a marsh -Julius Caesar writes his memoirs! Gallia est omnis divisa [...] Let us, Oh Caesar, when we take the world to rape, pillage, satiate all the desires -simple are requests of the troops and Julius Caesar's silence doesn't forbid games! Gallia est omnis divisa [...] Civilising conquered peoples in a new law Crosses growing from Rhein to the Nile complaints, cries and lament around the known world -Julius Caesar polishes his lapidary style! Gallia est omnis divisa [...] The translation is taken from lyricstranslate.com, done by a user going by the nick Svarozhyc with some minor edits by me, so it's far from perfect. Here you can hear the original: kzbin.info/www/bejne/j5jMoql-iJigma8

[@angebrowne1730]

My paternal maternal ancestors were Hampshire (UK) settled Belgae. Word of mouth family history is that they crossed the Rheine to get away from the always warring tribes, then stopped them landing when they tried to follow. The Belgae didn't like war but when they had to they went for it full pelt. My paternal G'mother was told that when the Belgae (in Britain) stopped fighting the Romans when it was discovered they would help get rid of the druids who were cruel, and too powerful. They became known as a client kingdom and life was better for them with the Romans. So much so that it was more like a co-operative as the Romans (in their area at least) were much less greedy than the druids. The Belgae would find unused land and clear and settle upon it. Sometimes forest would belong to an already settled tribe and an agreement would be reached that the Belgae could buy it with work, even over several generations. Not work 5 days a week etc., as we do but as and when required. Maybe a couple of weeks building at times here and there, with crops, animals, defence, travel for trade, hunting, whatever. Plus they had to clear and work the land agreed upon for themselves, which could mean draining bogs, digging sticky blue malm, breaking up hard ragstone (later used for cobbles and hard on the feet), softer unstable chalk and greensand etc. Plus clear trees and various other growth. In fact it wasn't until after our tribal ancestors began to make these isles habitable and ready for them to build yet another great civilisation upon that Romans then others later wanted to invade. The Belgae didn't much like their Atrebate cousins who would invade and take, causing ill feeling among other tribes. There is a lot more I was taught. Too much for here. However, maybe that is of interest to some. Btw, all the tribes DID have writing. Embossed on thin metal sheets. Gold for the most important Treatise and Marriages between tribes. The metal was melted for re-use when the document was no longer wanted. Our people in these isles weren't ignorant and stupid as the Victors stories told. Far from it. The cruelty was that of the evil druids that for some reason the new age brigade romanticise and imagine were only nature loving tree huggers. From what I was told, helping get rid of them was the best thing the Romans did for us and a lot of tribes were very pleased for their help in that. Might not have done it without them. A lot of tribal fighting had been because of druids.

[@olle2509]

Very nice story thank you!

[@rafangille]

how tf do you have an idea of family history to ancient times

[@rymdalkis]

@@rafangille Someone at some point in recent history has been bullshitting

[@angebrowne1730]

@@rafangille Same as a few others here in the UK, in Africa and other countries. Generational word of mouth. It's only when people lost or became separated from their elders or migrated willingly, as slaves or as convicts abroad, to the 'New World' for instance, that people lost touch with their roots. In some areas such as Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Cornwall and other parts of the UK quite a lot of people are less interbred with those from outside their Counties or Countries that they still have at least a modicum of family history going back into history, whether it is that their forbears were Hugenot refugees from France, or one of the invading tribes of Nor(th)mans, isaac sons, their angels, ju tes, Romans or from earlier. Sadly, too many have been brainwashed that 'it doesn't matter', that 'it's elitist', or 'racist' to be interested in and proud of ancestry that they have discarded it and failed their children, grandchildren and future descendants by not passing on the knowledge. Well, if it's a good thing for a Native American, a Druz, a Ghanian and others to know and be proud then it's a good thing for all of us, is it not?

[@angebrowne1730]

@gearoid quirke Interesting. I have heard of the Helveti/Brigante and what you write sparks my interest to read about them.

[@JJJRRRJJJ]

NOOOO. “Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.” Though it was ten years ago by now, I will never forget having to translate this stuff in Latin class. As mentioned by others, almost all Latin students will remember this.

[@SPSSkals]

4:05 In Latvian we call God "Dievs".

[@eginharddubled4757]

In French we call him Dieu

[@thebrocialist8300]

Interestingly, recent ancient DNA analyses of genomic material obtained from the remains of Romans and other ancient Italic peoples (e.g. Latin, Etruscan, Ligurian tribes) have shown that the Romans of Caesar’s time shared more in common genetically with modern Northern Iberian, Southern French and Southwestern British populations than they do with contemporary Italians.

[@joerogaine7984]

Id like to read that article. Can you link it

[@davidkelly4210]

Because modern Italians are from the Asian steppes (Far western, so more Slav and Finn than Turk or Mongol). Same reason modern French are German and Latin rather than Celtic.

[@vincentborrowdale3093]

THEY WERE CELTS ,SCYTHIAN ,CELTOI , LIKE THE EARLIER INHABITANTS ,THE GREEKS .

[@jklavz]

Link please.

[@ojberrettaberretta5314]

@@davidkelly4210 nope italians have little slav none finn and none mongol and very little turk dna

[@Sizofrenicar92]

Maybe you could do a video on the periplus of the Carthaginian explorer Hanno the Navigator on his trip down the coast of Africa?

[@VoicesofthePast]

Done it

[@Sizofrenicar92]

@@VoicesofthePast oh sorry, didn't notice it... keep up the amazing work and sorry for this!

[@asgaard4]

fun fuct: most of the times Caesar forgets to be roman and his roman propaganda and praises the gauls for their knowledge and their ingenious solutions during difficulties.

[@tonyhawk94]

Actually the Gauls were very close to the peoples of the Italic peninsula (culturally speaking). The Italic split from the rest of the Celts quite late in history so that explains why. :)

[@tylerdurden3722]

They weren't just close. They were Gauls. Hence why the Romans called northern Italy Cisalpine Gaul. Southern Italy was inhabited by Greeks (there were more of them in Southern Italy than Greece). Hence why it was called Magna Grecia. The middle of Italy was inhabited by Italics

[@pierren___]

@@ignaciomondragon99 ❤👋

[@varolussalsanclar1163]

Rome was established by the mediterranean people of Latins and Trojans (Anatolian Greeks). The ruling class, which Caesar was obviously a part of, would have been either Latin or Greek, so the Gauls are indeed complete foreigners (barbarians) to people like Caesar.

[@justinnamuco9096]

About what years or century

[@justinnamuco9096]

@@varolussalsanclar1163 The Latins were Italics weren't they?

[@LuisAldamiz]

You skipped the most important detail, when Caesar describe Gaulish society as one with very few free people (knights and druids) and in which most were practically slaves.

[@Alex-fv2qs]

He did mention it on the video about Caesar and the Druids

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@Alex-fv2qs - OK but I still miss it here.

[@pierren___]

Interesting. Maybe the romans knew for the scarcity of knights in Gaul and the probable unrest and discontent of slaves and used it for the conquest.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@pierren___ - Caesar was not that specific, I interpret some degree of contempt (after all Caesar was a populist of his own Roman/Latin/Italian nation, favoring the interests of the lower classes, the last Marian, even if not at all nearly as radical as Marius or the Grachi were) but the commentary is neutral-descriptive as belongs also to a foreign conqueror with some documentary social, political and even maybe what we'd now call anthropological general but distant interest. But for me discovering that passage was very interesting, because it's almost never discussed at all, rather avoided, probably because of rampant cultural-ideological celticism (this short Caesarian observation makes Celts a lot less "us" than most people like to imagine).

[@nepaljam9283]

I dont know where you get you informations but most of the population were marchants/warriors bacause they had, that said the slaving part was done on other tribes, instead of killing them.(Slavery is very common in every culture)@@LuisAldamiz

[@deanbuss1678]

This, to me, sounds like a "favourable" commentary of Gaul considering the source. 🤔

[@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK]

You don't belittle your enemies unless you want to sound like a.... you know... pansy

[@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK]

Recall and compare how the German wehrmacht is depicted ;)

[@deanbuss1678]

@@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK okay good point.

[@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK]

@@deanbuss1678 I thought the same as you when I first saw the Gaul texts! I read from a historian about how he tried to basically justify and glorify what was basically a mini-genocide peppered with some pretty one-sided battles.

[@jasonbourne9819]

He was being factual and realistic. Never subjective. Hallmarks of a successful leader.

[@MisterBrickFilms]

I wish there were more Gallic/La Tène archaeological artifacts and sites as illustrations!

[@2Potates]

Any fellow Belgea decendants here?

[@thebrocialist8300]

The French-Canadian woman I have servicing my testicles at the moment just affirmed her connection to your tribe

[@belstar1128]

Yes i am probably descendant of them as well as the Romans

[@angebrowne1730]

MrPotates Via my paternal maternal line. Settled around what became Blackmore then much later were moved to Selborne in Hampshire, SE England. I am now in Bognor Regis, another largely Belgae descent area. Hello my cousin. Where are you in the world?

[@mikicerise6250]

Still the bravest of the Gauls. ;)

[@michieldemaeght8037]

Hell yeah

[@malahamavet]

Eeeeee! I translated a part of this text for homework in Latin class😁

[@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK]

fantastic reading!

[@project-unifiedfreepeoples]

You have a rare gift, my friend. You engage the audience, with an elegant vocabulary that grips the mind, stealing it away from any distractions. You have a voice that is commanding of all attention and forces the audience to the role of whom you describe. I hope that your talent brings you a trove of riches, and fame. You are Plato reincarnated, a philosopher of modern era!

[@varolussalsanclar1163]

Bruh this guy is just reading what Caesar is saying in his diary lol

[@project-unifiedfreepeoples]

@@varolussalsanclar1163 sure thing, I still give credit in the skill of narration, and knowing when to emphasize emotion onto sentences. Always engaging the audience with a broad vocabulary. Never just a boring robot or some monotone voice, wasting away the audience.

[@project-unifiedfreepeoples]

@@varolussalsanclar1163 do the world a favor and if you think you can do it better, start a audiobook channel, would love to come critique your work...

[@theoldar]

Practically every one that has taken Latin in school has had to translate parts of this.

[@annalisette5897]

Interesting that a Roman would comment on excruciating tortures when Romans were fine with crucifying thousands, using up all the wood and trees in some locations for this purpose.

[@jl9211]

It's religious the way people hate the Romans, hold them to double standards, gobble up every urban myth, and then claim everything the Romans ever documented was a lie because of obvious exaggerations that anybody can spot

[@annalisette5897]

@@jl9211 The truth is that a lot of ancient cultures did some really terrible things. It is interesting how those cultures may have judged each other as we find in the video presented here. Some scholars have suggested a term that means something like 'culturally accepted violence' to describe extremely violent times which to some extent exist to this day.

[@slappy8941]

@@jl9211 It religious the was people defend the Romans, pretending they weren't as cruel and barbaric as anyone else.

[@Michael-mh4vr]

@@slappy8941 ???.English is not your first language?

[@jl9211]

@@slappy8941"tHe rOmAnS wErE the REAL baRbAriaNs" Wow how original and not quoted from every media piece about them ever. The current dogma is that they were worse, so stop lying like that.

[@sidfletcher4955]

“Such loyal slaves... they cry for their master’s death.....” “what’s that bonfire for?”

[@CrimsonGuard1992]

Caesar: "It's free real-estate"

[@NoobNoobNews]

Do Ceasar's account of the end of his reign next, please.

[@Michael-mh4vr]

Great videos and wonderful voice.. .

[@jonhart4563]

Hmm your voice is good for this. It will be tempered in time then it will be perfect. Gj!

[@VoicesofthePast]

Thanks! I don't know what that means, but thanks!

[@angebrowne1730]

Thank you.

[@boulevarda.aladetoyinbo4773]

Is this direct reading from Caesar's writing the Gallic Wars?

[@RicardoNecrofear]

Caesar mentions the Gauls worshipped Roman gods. I assume this was written after they were romanized, yes?

[@abadyr_]

It pretty typical of the Roman to associate foreign gods to Roman gods with similar characteristics, like for example Teutates and Mars, and Belenos and Apollo. So when Cesar writes about Mars, he is in fact talking about Teutates, etc...

[@eddielloyd1947]

What thibault said^

[@Demothios]

Thibault Caron already explained it perfectly, but I will add that if you wish to read more about the phenomenon he describes, it's referred to as "interpretatio romani" (my spelling might be off, but should be good to do a search).

[@oparasatauwaya]

8:52 'Corn'?!

[@Jesus.purple]

♚♞🌹 Informative, mature, appreciate this vid. TY

[@VoicesofthePast]

Hurrah

[@grantmclean4744]

I don't disagree but they're all caesar's words.

[@AndrewLambert-wi8et]

EUROPE HAS THE BEST HISTORY IF ONE BORN A WARRIOR.

[@steven2212]

Well done.

[@sarcasmo57]

He was a madman.

[@rhett5058]

And you are just mad, man

[@Thebattler86]

@@rhett5058 How do you know what emotions he's feeling based on four words?

[@veronicalogotheti5416]

Thank you

[@dangerdan2592]

So did they burn ALL of the spoils of war? They didn't keep any of it? Seems like a waste tbh. How did they gain wealth, just by trading/farming? I feel like some of the wealth and spoils of war would have been taken for personal use and then a good amount of it would be set aside to be burned.

[@ingold1470]

Maybe it was a protection racket?

[@karlchris6469]

It's strange to see countries today who don't have a set national language in central Europe belonged to the continental celts, Guals

[@bigcat5348]

What were the Celtic names for the gods that Caesar mentions?

[@k9wolf07]

I'm more familiar with the Irish, Scottish and Welsh versions of the Celtic gods but Gaulic Mercury would have been Lugus a sun god of the arts and divine kingship. Jupiter would be Taranis the Celtic god of thunder and storms. Minerva might be Sulis a goddess of hot springs. Apollo might be Belenus, a fire god "the shining one". There is no one Gaulic or Celtic god of war but it might have been Camulos who had a large ornate helmet like Ares and an invincible sword.

[@Aurora2097]

Depends on the local tribe reLly... most known are Jupiter: Taranis and Cernunnos, Apollo: Belenus, Grannus and Borvo, Mercury: cissonous, Visucius, Lenus, Minerva: Belisama, sulevia, Diana: Sirona, Abnoba, Hercules: Andosto, Ogmios... Dis, maybe Taranis, Aericuros or Smertrios.Many gods could also be more thN one god... Toutatis could be Mars as well as Mercury for example... Sucellos could be Silvanus and Plutus.

[@DidierDidier-kc4nm]

kernunos was mentionned by Cesar to be the most popular god in Gaul

[@1Fracino]

If i were a slave to a wealthy man in those times i'd make sure his bath was to cold, that his bed was wet & that his food was burnt ! No fire death for me thank you very much :D

[@CaesarsSalad]

8:52 Caesar says they are sowing corn. But corn was discovered in the Americas and didn't exist in europe at this time. Can anyone explain that?

[@theoneandonlydetraebean8286]

He most likely meant grain. The word corn was interchangeable with grain and rye, as was the case with how the British called wheat and grain corn when they passed the Corn Laws in Ireland.

[@mikicerise6250]

Corn is derived from an old Germanic word, meaning grain. What you know today as corn was originally called "Indian corn", which eventually became shortened to corn by antonomasia, thus becoming associated solely with the new American plant. The word maize (Spanish maíz) is a proper indigenous name, derived from Tahino "mahis".

[@Demothios]

It's because he is not speaking American English. Americans used to refer to grain as corn, too. Can't remember the explanation for why you started only calling maize "corn", though.

[@justinnamuco9096]

Corn is a Germanic English word. It refers to "grain".

[@cinemacritic9571]

where can I find this source in latin?

[@maydaverave]

How did they sow corn before the america's were discovered? I'm assuming a bad translation of grain. would be amazing if they had corn a thousand years or so before columbus.

[@lewstherintelamon244]

Corn was long a generic term for various agricultural crops. What we call "corn" today is more properly known as maize. It is similar to the way that "cat" is a term applicable to most all felines but is usually used to refer to the common household pet. It's not wrong to refer to a lion or tiger as a cat, but it is unusual in this day and age. Such is the relationship between "corn" and the various grains of both antiquity and the modern world.

[@diegoyuiop]

@@lewstherintelamon244 Corn is still used today and it means any plant that is grown for its grain, such as wheat

[@Hwyadylaw]

@@diegoyuiop For reference, "Korn" in most Germanic languages does not have any particular association with maize. In Swedish it has similarly ended up being the name of a specific crop, namely barley. English got the word "grain" from the French, which made that semantic shift possible. You also have the word "kernel" which came from the equivalent of "corn + le"

[@ptptpt123]

Will someone tell me the parts of Rum please?

[@jasongallman2032]

As a Gallman.....I approve

[@richarddemuth7077]

Two interesting and SIGNificant details stand out here in Caesar's account: one is that the name "OrGETArix", meaning "King of the OrGETAE", indicates he was a GOTH, since the word "GETA" was the native word for a "GOTH"! Since the GOTHS were a "GERMANIC" tribe, this means there was INTERMIXING between the GAULS and the Germanic GOTHS and so the ancient Gallic and Germanic tribes WEREN'T as separatist as Caesar describes them. the second is that DESPITE the ALLEGED "archaeological" artifacts of the altars and stone pillars depicting him, from Caesar's description of the religion of the Gauls there was NO DEITY named "ESUS" that they worshipped!! THIS would mean that UNlike the verse in the First Christian Century of the "Celtiberian" Roman poet Marcus Annaeus Lucanus claimed, they did NOT engage in Human sacrifice to the extent of the "barbarous altars of ESUS" to which he refers. Since Lucanus came from Hispania and would have KNOWN BETTER than any Italianus Roman about Celtic deities, it would indicate the verse is a LATER interpolation/insertion by an ANTI-Christian scribe trying to make it SEEM that the GALILAEAN "Messiah Deity" of JESUS Christisis was derived from the PAGAN GALLIC god ESUS; possibly to be thought derived from the Greek god "ZEUS". But Caesar DOESN'T name the Gallic equivalent of the THUNDER-god and just simply equates him with the Roman name of JUPITER/IUSPATER; who would ALSO thus be equivalent with the god they allegedly called "DIS" (also Greek and similar to the Latin "DEUS") who they considered "their tribal FATHER/PATER" and would have been equivalent NOT with JUPITER but with the Greco-Roman god of DEATH, HADES/PLUTO. Since PLUTO was ALSO the god of WEALTH to the Romans, it would equate "DIS" (which simply is a form of Greek meaning "GOD") with what Caesar calls "Mercury", as being their "patron god"!! We KNOW from archaeological artifacts' inscriptions that the Gauls worshipped the equivalent of JUPITER the ⛈god under the names of "TARANIS" (similar to and derived FROM the Latin word "TONAR") and "SOOS" (NOT "Esus"), who the Romans referred to as "SUCellus" (basically insulting the Gaulish "barbarians" by diminutizing their chief deity under the appellation of "Little ZEUS"!) Sucellus was depicted usually NAKED and with the head of full-haired Zeus holding either a tankard of mead or a wheel (representing as sky god the "wheel" of the ☀) and a long handled MALLET, like the HAMMER of his Scandanavian counterpart THOR, for striking the 🌍with his thunderous 🌩. YET, coincidentally, the FRENCH word "SOUS" means "UNDER" or "BELOW" and thus would SEEM to refer to an UNDERworld Deity. We KNOW from Greek archaeology that that there WAS a "ZEUS of the UNDERworld (who had DIED, LIKE JESUS) worshipped by the Cretans. (MAYBE THAT'S why the Apostle Paul had left one of his disciples Timonthy, on CRETE to preach to the Cretans!) The carvings of "Esus" however show him with a 🥣-shaped hairstyle and short 🧔‍♂, wearing a tunic and NOT a robe, and wielding an 🪓or a hatchet beside a 🌳. ZEUS was NEVER depicted by the Greeks or the Romans as holding any weapon other than 🌩. There was no word "esus" in the "Celtic" language BUT there was the word "VESUS", meaning "vessel/vase", "bag", or "container". the word is in the ancient name of the Spanish city of Segovia as "SEGOVESUS"; meaning "Seat of the Vessel/Bag" because it is on a plateau shaped like a large wineskin 💰. It is also in the name of the famous Italianus VOLCANO near Rome called "VESUvius"; meaning "Way of the Vessel", or "container" of lava. ZEUS was occasionally represented as holding a BAG of the 💨s while seated on his throne, and his ancient Egyptian version of "Serapis" depicted him with a modius or grain measure VASE/VESSEL on his head. But, as I said, the monuments of "Esus" show him NEITHER as resembling Zeus NOR with the "V" before "esus". Thus, I would argue that the "monuments" allegedly "found" in Paris and in Trier France during the 18th Century and the first of which is in the Cluny Museum, are FAKES that were FABRICATED by FREEMASONS to DIScredit Christianity!! Though the artifacts have never been disputed by either archaeologists or by historians to my knowledge, there are several GOOD reasons for thinking them FAKES: the one from Trier was from the former Gallic capital of the Roman Empire during Constantine's reign as the "FIRST CHRISTIAN emperor", who ended the persecutions of the religion by legalizing it; according to some ancient accounts, HIS MOTHER, the PRO-Christian "empress" Helena, was from Trier. the one from PARIS itself in the Cluny Museum is MORE interesting. It was ALLEGED to have been "discovered" in the "crypt" of the Cathedral of Notre Dame of all places, on the Isle of Sens in the SEINE RIVER!! While there is nothing obviously INauthentic about it, and it even includes a depiction and dedication to the well-known 🦌-antlered god Cernunnos (the "Horned One") sitting in his famous lotus-posture pose, there are several SUSPICIOUS synchronicities connected with it. It is inscribed in Latin with a dedication to the Emperor TIBERIUS, who, as everyone familiar with Christianity knows, was the emperor in whose reign Christ missionized and was crucified and resurrected! It was dedicated by the ⛵men's guild (either "navigatores"/sailors or "fabricatores"/builders) to be set up on the north end of the island roughly shaped like a ⛵hull in the middle of a river with a name meaning "NET" and SIMILAR to the TIBER Island in the middle of the TIBER RIVER in Rome which is even MORE shaped like a ⛵hull because the ancient Romans encased its edges in THAT shape complete with prow!! WHAT a "COINCIDENCE"!! Would GALLIC boatmen even if they could read and write and speak Latin write KNOWN about the island in the river with the SAME NAME as the then(supposedly) reigning emperor?? And the CONNECTIONS with JESUS are even MORE intriguing: JESUS was said to be a "Fisher of Men", who occasionally did his preaching from a BOAT and baptized in the Jordan RIVER and whose fishermen disciples would have used 🥅s for 🐟ing! He was a CARPENTER, or son of a CARPENTER, who would have USED an AXE and a HATCHET to cut down 🌳s and shape the 🪵!! His "manifestation" to the Judes was described by John the Baptizer in one of the "Gospels" with the statement "Even now the 🪓 is laid at the root of the 🌳... the bad BRANCHES will be CUT OFF and thrown into the unquenchable 🔥" . The figure of "Esus" is depicted as apparently about to CUT a BRANCH from the 🌳. JESUS described himself as basically being a 🌳trunk and his disciples as the "BRANCHES"! Any MORE iconographic similarities would only PROVE the "monument" was a FAKE because it is DOUBTFUL that ANY Gauls (even LATIN-speaking ones) would have HEARD about Christ WITHIN ONLY FIVE YEARS of the Crucifixion and according TO Christian History Christianity DIDN'T reach ancient France UNTIL the early SECOND Century!! And there are coincidences CONTEMPORARY to the "CHRISTIAN centuries" as well. Notre Dame, the CATHEDRAL UNDER which the remains were allegedly "found", is the MOST FAMOUS CHURCH in France and one of the MOST famous in Europe, rivalling St. Peter's Basilica in ROME itself! It has NO "crypt" per se in terms of a cavern-tomb holding a "saint's" body common in MAJOR Roman Catholic churches for "sacrifying" the church as "holy ground". This is because it is dedicated to "Our Lady" the "Blessed Virgin Mother" of JESUS. Instead, the builders left the bare ground of what was possibly considered a "sacred 🏝" resembling a woman's 🐟-shaped genitalia by "pagans", EXPOSED beneath the substructure of the cathedral. But HOW not only during the subsequent FIVE CENTURIES AFTER its construction but DURING IT in the 1100-1200-s could they NOT have SEEN the remnants of the pillar laying THERE??!! WHY was it SUDDENLY just "found" in the 1700's when FREEMASONRY was FIRST being made PUBLIC as a "Secret Society" that ONLY CHRISTIAN men could join?? And almost as a pun on the ⛵connection, the Latin word for the main aisle in a Christian basilica and a catedral is "NAVIS"/NAVE meaning of course ⛵!! 🙄🤔 IF there is ANY further doubt about a MASONIC connection, there is the FACT that the LAST grand master of the Knights Templard, Jacques de Molay, was 🔥ed at the stake in 1314 in the plaza in front of Notre Dame for being a HERETIC; and the Knights Templards are considered the PREDECESSORS of the FREREMAISON (FREEMASONS); which is Y there is the FREREmaisonique Order for youth of the "FRERE JACQUES de Molay Society" in St. LOUIS Missouri of all places. And the construction of the cathedral was begun under King LOUIS VII!! 😁 BEWARE the "archaeologists" and "historians" who are CON ARTISTS with a PSLY-OPS PROPAGANDA AGENDA !! THAT's just PLAIN 💩. 🥸🧐🤨

[@TheGabrielbowater]

cant help but think the favour towards Hermes was a self selection effect

[@MrWolf-xk8sl]

When you show barbarians your biggus diccus, it's no competition.

[@theharbingerofconflation]

So is it Aquitani or Aquinati?

[@justsomebody7431]

Is this from "commentaro bello Galica" ( and is this spelled right?) ?

[@trazwaggon]

Commentarii de bello gallico Comments on the Gaul War

[@jaojao1768]

I remember the first minute very well from latin class

[@Manperor]

Even though I know i would probably die, I always wished I could have been a soldier back in those days. Just to see what it was like when the earth was still wild.

[@SageManeja]

Any content on the iberians? Pre-roman iberia that is

[@meetrasurrik6982]

Ceaser on Britain next please

[@VoicesofthePast]

Its on the channel

[@MichaelHayesagent]

Just a comment . The visuals are making it hard to concentrate on the words. I know it’s a lot but can you try to match the visuals with the story ? Thanks for your hard work on these !

[@WordofSil]

Why is there almost no mention of asterix and obelix in the comment section?

[@steveeaton8493]

At 8:52 Cesar mentions "sowing the field with as much corn as possible" Corn was brought to Europe by Columbus centuries later. Is this just a poor translation? What gives?

[@si4632]

american clown

[@MixerRenegade95]

You're joking right? You do know that ''Corn'' is an old Germanic Word meaning ''Grain, Fruit or Foodstuff'' much like how English People use the Term. ''Corn'' as You or any US American calls it refers to ''Maize'' which used to be called ''Indian Corn'' by the English eventually the ''Indian'' prefix falls off and it just becomes ''Corn''.

[@Poodleinacan]

I wonder how much Gaul genes I have....

[@cowboykelly6590]

WHY I NEVER !!! THE GAUL !! lol.. 🤠🖖

[@notasmith8163]

Video Title: Caesar on the Gauls Wait so he had more than statements regarding massive Gallic casualties about the Gauls? I thought the extent of his quotations on them were highly inflated kill ratios at Alesia and how he came, saw and conquered?

[@Thumbsupurbum]

Well the Veni, vidi, vici quote came after the siege of Alesia. And the quote was referring to his victory at the battle of Zela, not Alesia.

[@MrHanderson91]

@@bendive1631 ironic since he destroyed most of it.

[@justinnamuco9096]

I thought this *book* written by Caesar was quite famous

[@belesariius]

Ah, the good old days...

[@paulcateiii]

excellent

[@Sandra.Molchanova]

Yay, I read that part of the text long, long ago 🥰

[@PhilR.]

8:53 - corn?

[@ankhi3585]

The word corn is older than the use of maize. It just means grain.

[@rubenbellings2265]

Uhmm; Ceasar did not call the Belgae the most courages, but was just complementing himself for defeating them in battle

[@bigdingus7198]

He conquered a bunch of other Gauls in battle as well, so your little theory holds no water.

[@sebastianlodge7549]

Hell yeh to the Swiss 🇨🇭

[@cowboykelly6590]

AHH YES... AREN'T PAPER TRAILS JUST FASCINATING. lol.. 🤠🖖

[@kiltedbroshar4187]

You have an oddly satisfying voice like Morgan Freeman. Lol

[@bilboblaggins7659]

Interesting the evidence of a common Indo European religion is clear in the writings of Caesar.

[@swatsaw6]

what is meant by ''corn'' ?

[@cv4809]

Wheat

[@swatsaw6]

sweet

[@cowboykelly6590]

Petite

[@swatsaw6]

Dude

[@nirfz]

grain

[@Ottovonostbahnhof]

next topic: Tacitus on the Germans

[@maxx1014]

He done this already

[@Ottovonostbahnhof]

TheNeoYouth no, he hadn’t

[@maxx1014]

@@Ottovonostbahnhof oh sorry, mixed it up with Caesar's remarks

[@si4632]

He was a genius

[@ptptpt123]

We hear the genocider describe the land. Not fair.

[@Vesnicie]

The Swiss: men who long for war!

[@gerihuginn]

I feel fairly certain that Caesar's account is somewhat biased and slanderous

[@alexrobert4614]

Funny to see how little has changed overall in more than 2,000 years

[@beniaminosani2719]

Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres etcetera

[@romanz4891]

8:52 Is not corn, also known as Maize, and discovery that came from the America?

[@nirfz]

I can be mistaken, but in my opinion "corn" is a term not only used for Maize but can be a term for any form of "grain".

[@diegoyuiop]

Corn means any plant that is grown for its grain, such as wheat. In the US people often say "corn" when the mean "maize"

[@HysterS-FT]

GALLIA EST OMNIS DIVISA IN PARTES TRES QVARVM VNAM INCOLVNT BELGAE ALIAM AQVITANI TERTIAM QVI IPSORVM LINGVA CELTAE NOSTRA GALLI APPELLANTVR. Scrīpta māxumī mōmentī quaedam ex Gāijō Jūliō Caesare.

[@simonindra3225]

The new name for kelts is gauls. Read pausanias.

[@HectorGomez-fe8qu]

Thanks for making me sleep faster.

[@Eškala_Iśa]

Any content on the Turkic People, any kind of Turk, would be amazing

[@MrHanderson91]

There was one talking about relations with china a few months back.

[@veronicalogotheti5416]

So those ones gauls in the west the others germanians later on

[@barbarastanwyck4288]

will someone here explain the meaning of 'corn' in pre-american-contact europe? i don't want to google it.

[@MixerRenegade95]

Corn is an old Germanic word for Grain, Fruit or Foodstuff. Corn by the old definition is not entirely Maize but American Maize is Corn. Corn and Cereal are one and the same.

[@dracodistortion9447]

VOTP: Caeser crushed Gaul Me, who had Celtic ancestors: [angry Vercigenorix noises]

[@veronicalogotheti5416]

They are the ones with druids

[@CCPJAYLPHAN1994]

Why does the narrator always sounds like he's sighing while talking?

[@reallybigmistake]

3:17 the Gallic people followed the same Gods as the Romans???

[@Martin_Daniel]

No, but gods with analogue roles which Caesar identifies with Roman deities.

[@remigofflo179]

1988 CHATEAU ROME JULIUS CAESAR FRÈRE JULES REMI GOFFLO CÉSAR ROMAIN EMPIRE

[@remigofflo179]

1988 CHATEAU ROME JULIUS CAESAR FRÈRE JULES REMI GOFFLO CÉSAR ROMAIN EMPIRE