Caliga: the Roman Military 'sandal' DOCUMENTARY

[@krein6121]

Even the cat passing by in the background makes it up to the atmospheric feeling of the many little scenes you guys have set up to show us! This is wonderful work, bless you and thank you.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks Krein! We try our best and we are glad you enjoy it:)

[@pudgeboyardee32]

as a machinist one of the benefits i have received is 'shoe money' to go and buy safety boots. the direct term used is shoe money still to this day. my germanic ancestry burns at the longevity of the roman empire. i couldve sworn my forefathers burned it down once or twice, but here i am spending shoe money.

[@w.reidripley1968]

Bcs gold solidi don't burn...

[@davidbell1619]

Live with it.

[@FelixstoweFoamForge]

Hobnails are indeed awful on anything slippy. I once went flat on my arse in a local supermarket when wearing a pair of hobnailed Italian surplus Carabinieri boots. Unlike the fatally embarrassed Centurio Julianus, I survived with only damage to my dignity!

[@shinobi-no-bueno]

What a turn of events; he was feeling so badass, then embarrassed and then quite dead :/

[@FelixstoweFoamForge]

@@shinobi-no-bueno I wonder what his last thoughts were? "Oh bugger, there goes my discharge bonus and pension"

[@thabomuso6254]

The shoe is incredibly overlooked in military history. From its invention many thousand years ago and up until the middle of the 20th century, it has been the main military transport item in armies. It is taken so much for granted that it has been largely ignored. You can get by with decent or even poor weapons, but since shoes are used daily for hours on end in both peacetime and during war, bad shoes can quickly destroy an army. A soldier with damaged feet cannot march, or even walk shorter distances and least of all fight. It was also very interesting to see get a simple but important overlook of the economic system evolving around Roman military shoe production and how it evolved into a fashion of its own, mixed with local cultures and economies. Great job and I wish to see more of these video looking at the small but hugely important parts of the Roman army, such as logistics and military hygiene.

[@ahmadtheIED]

Napoleon's 'Army of Italy' didn't have more than 1,500 pairs of shoes, boots, tacks, riding bootery or stockings, all to outfit well over 15,000 men. He reportedly wrote, "The finest booty we have captured from the Austrians in Italy is a wealth of shoes. My men may finally move as per my command".

[@Ass_of_Amalek]

I've read some accounts of concentration camp survivors about surviving internment on work details that emphasized that getting good shoes was the only concern of equal priority as getting enough food, since very small foot injuries could easily escalate to the point of inability to work.

[@Artanis99]

Interestingly your point about shoes was very significant in American Civil War as South did not have enough shoes to supply their army and North got "Big brain" idea of making universal shoe (same for both left and right foot) that was extremely uncomfortable (but a little bit better than marching barefoot). Not to mention that I've heard rumor that modern US Army boots were so terrible in Iraq and Afghan conflicts that the US soldiers were not capable to march any considerable distance without accumulating enough bloody blisters to last a lifetime (I suspect too much plastic in the boot to drop costs and not letting the foot breathe).

[@gd88467]

@@Artanis99 Yeah we call them McDonald hamburger soles. They are very thick and uncomfortable. Thats why troops pushed to be able to purchase their own shoes and the military to authorize certain brands.

[@corneliusdavenport1169]

@@Artanis99 Not sure where you heard that modern footwear story but I can tell you from experience, its BS.

[@eoinlittle320]

The live action clothes and scenes makes this a hundred times better than any other documentary!!

[@tyleraragon6200]

I can't imagine how calloused, thick, and hard the foot of the experienced legionary was. 20miles regular march or 30 miles on forced march per day with that leather nearly on the same spots all day. I've often seen referenced of the scar on their chin/neck where the helmet fastener was, but I've never seen anyone talk about the surely savage feet.

[@CelticCari]

I think it's wouldn't be worse than walking nowadays. I have friends who go hiking around 30 to 50 km a day as tourguides in the Alps, and no one ever has problems with their feet. I personally can not imagine about chaving on the chin - friends and I already have worn helmets for days and never had any problems. Apart from that I think that they would have been clever enough to invent something else if it had caused problems, wouldn't they?

[@BlackOps78321]

Put a nice .. foot, on yourself, ya. -rome, circa 1000BC

[@CelticCari]

@@BlackOps78321 best boi

[@Waldemarvonanhalt]

The socks they wore would felt from the friction.

[@CelticCari]

@@Waldemarvonanhalt if you have good-fitting caligae, the friction is actually not worse than from a modern shoe

[@yannick6389]

Yet another great movie from Imperium Romanum! They even know how to make an item about shoes so interesting that you watch until the end.

[@deathdeathington]

It's a testament to documentary skills that you can take a mundane(?) item and make such an interesting video about it. I feel like I'm opening a window into the past every time I watch one of your videos. Thank you for this glimpse into the lives of Romans.

[@robertl4522]

You know that romans were truly a beacon of civilization admist a world of barbarians, when they wore socks with sandals. We live in dark times were this ancient tradition is being scorned.

[@froggystyle642]

I am watching a video about sandals from a military viewpoint at 1am on a Friday night/Saturday morning, and I love it. Great channel, keep it up :)

[@Mgyuh]

Excellent video, love what you are doing. Your content is entertaining, but also extremely informative, I think teachers can use this great effect in the classroom. Thank you for putting in so much work dedication into your videos. I have a suggestion for a video, if you would have it; grooming and cleanliness in the Roman legions, its a very broad topic that I haven’t seen other channels covering. Cheers!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks! Your suggestion has been noted :)

[@KokkarChoor2900]

This is the best channel on rome I have ever seen,bound for glory just like rome

[@chrisj7055]

You guys rock. I love ancient history so much and your effort to bring it to life is greatly appreciated. I also encourage you to keep covering "unusual" parts of the history like this because it is interesting to your fans. I mean, I'm sitting here on the weekend watching a video on Roman shoes!

[@capedmarauder]

Thanks for a great video. I was lucky enough to watch a traditional game of Pelota in the Basque region of France. They played this game, and all the other exhibits of the evening, in traditional rope soled espadrilles, with the ribbons laced up their legs. It certainly didn't hinder their performance and it was a very exciting game! It dawned upon me that these were probably some of the first 'training shoes'.

[@kazumakiryu3397]

I can’t believe I watched a video on shoes and now want to make some for myself this video was great 👍

[@netizencapet]

The Josephus quote demonstrating the perils of hobnails and the superbly apt example of 7000 shoes found some 2000 years later at a 1500 soldier garrison confirming the 3-pairs-a-year standard issue reported in Roman sources were delightful. You have treated your narrow subject well. Thumbs up!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thank you very much, great to hear you enjoyed (and remembered!) those examples :D

[@hydroaegis6658]

This really hammers in that we live in an era of abundance. Everyone I know have 4-12+ pairs of shoes for every weather, season, and occasion you can think of.

[@keller1334]

The production quality and narration are top notch. Please keep them coming as I look forward to every video.

[@Misha-jb9mg]

This is more interesting and enjoyable and has far higher production value than any netflix "documentary" on Rome.

[@hansgruber3064]

I love this series of videos, it's amazing to think how iconic the Caliga is seeing it was only in use for a hundred years or so. I've been to Vindolanda a few times and the collection of shoes and other leather artefacts is amazing. They also have tents, shield covers and even a toy mouse.

[@pelewads]

I just came across your Channel, as a recommendation from Invicta, and all I have to say is... WOW!!! Your specificity is incredible. I can't imagine the amount of research. You bring up points, that I wouldn't even think of. You guys rock!

[@debarpandutta6722]

I appreciate your hard work

[@MLCloneCODgamer]

I never thought of shoe consumption of the legions. But yeah, amazing how good the Romans were at logistics. It also really says something about the powerful scope of the Roman economy to be able to supply so many materials to far fetched frontiers for so many men. Very informative, very well made. Love your channel!

[@GasserNorm]

Excellent video and highly informational. Bravo.

[@philly83]

I'm rewatching this while wearing a pair of caligae I recently purchased

[@kalgrave497]

I am so happy yall did a video on this, Because trying to find good vids on shoes is a pain in the ass. Thank you for doing the research !!!!

[@ConcreteSocks]

Great video and love the total war music in the background

[@carolmarr6607]

Good to see and hear about ancient Roman history and archaeology. Great that you bring this to life.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Exactly what we're trying to do; bringing it to life! Thanks :)

[@hannibalb8276]

Love these deep dives into the more niche aspects of history, great job.

[@marendur]

This channel never ceases to amaze-me.

[@AbnormalObs]

Absolutely top notch as always!

[@blueocean9305]

Please keep these videos coming. Well done! Thanks

[@turtlenoheart]

This is amazing! I've been waiting for a channel like this since I was a little boy.

[@alexmontgomery255]

You hit a home run with this video. Well done.

[@johnmcadam7493]

Odd segway: as someone who does alot of camping, hiking, canoeing and kayaking I have completely switched from heavy hiking boots to Vibram's. Imagine doing several portages, heavy packs and Canoe, in which I used Vibram's only. They are light. They dry quickly. Excellent grip. The one down side is that you have to pay attention to the trails or stones and tree roots will cause some jams ... but ... you are much more focused on the trail's agronomy if you will. Likewise, wrestling shoes have become my everyday training shoe. Runner and hikers are gone. My feet have never been happier.

[@PeterJavi]

I think having to pay attention to the terrain is a fairly big reason why those military sandals went out of fashion. When you're hiking by yourself, an open shoe, or a very light shoe is optimal, especially over long distances, however when you're in a closed formation, fairly tightly packed together and your focus is not on the terrain, getting caught on tree roots, or stubbing your toes against loose rocks is a big issue, especially when you need to force yourself to keep walking, even if it happens five or six more times. Where I go hike, I need to pay a fair bit of attention to mountainbikers. I went exactly the other way around after getting hurt by wearing shoes that were too light on one of my hikes.

[@MrDanfra]

Mooie video weer mannen! Kan niet wachten op de volgende..

[@burningphoneix]

What a great documentary. You guys make even seemingly boring topics like what shoes soldiers wore into interesting videos.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks man, love to hear that! :)

[@dunklederkleson7285]

Thanks guys! Love the content! Just found you and can’t wait to catch up and binge watch!! I miss informative historical content like this so much!! Now that for 15 years history channel and discovery has just become ancient aliens and big foot hunters I’m so glad I found this

[@fatalfury66]

Loving this channel! So glad i found it!

[@revengeoftheromansorceress]

I was prior infantry, I can say the sandal was pretty efficient. The sandals made your feet breathe, and wouldn't create blisters. Less chances getting foot fungus, because so wasn't much moisture. The boots we have today, creates more blisters, foot fungus because all that build up of moisture and friction. The only thing boot really protects is from debris, no rocks going underneath the sandal and your foot. I wish modern military would adapt from the Roman Sandal.

[@mossbogger8366]

nah boots are great for temperature protection in the cold, or to keep sun rays off your feet. ever had a sun burn on your feet? yea it aint great. plus if you ever want to race up a mountain sides in sandals vs me in boots, ill take that bet all day long. you'll just end up breaking your ankle or bleeding everywhere after slicing yourself on a rock. boots keep your ankle rigid and much hard to twist or break your ankle on unsure footing

[@revengeoftheromansorceress]

@@mossbogger8366 both have their pros and cons. Yet, if their sandals weren't effective how else did they build such an efficient military machine? The problems you mentioned can easily fixed with linen, just wrap your foot like a sock. If you go through a swamp, having a Roman sandal can dry out quicker. A boot your foot is soaked, then you have to air dry. Also can create foot rot if not treated properly. If they merged a Roman sandal with a boot. It can very highly effective.

[@mossbogger8366]

They didn’t have competition from people in modern made boots that is for sure in fact there’s less than 300 million people on earth at the time the Romans conquered the world so I know people like to carry on about how great the Romans were but the fact of the matter is if there was only 300 million people alive right now the entire world could be easily conquered by almost anyone

[@mukkaar]

Boots are overall better much shoe for military. If you are long distance hiker, hiking sandals can actually be pretty good choice. Since you can just stop and take out any debri that may slip at your leisure, and you can choose where you walk. Avoiding places where sandals are not good, like places with sharp rocks, irritating poisonous plants or insects/animals. No. Sandals just would not work for military. Military boots are made sturdy so it supports your ankles to prevent sprains, so you can more easily traverse any terrain and to protect you from any external organism or items. There are problems with boots, but there are many reasons why modern armies have chosen them time after time. Pro's far overweight the cons.

[@pedrocsantos8]

Can't wait for the next video!

[@Oblivisci........]

Love you guys and your series. Solid content and thanks from Colorado.

[@alexanderiles4428]

Hello, Fantastic video. The only thing I would say is that there were around six hundred soldiers at Vindolanda. With families there may have been fifteen hundred people there. There the larger fort of Housesteads nearby had eight hundred to a thousand soldiers there.

[@morgan97475]

Very cool video....thanks for this. As a fan of Roman history as well as being a retired infantryman, I found this video quite enlightening.

[@justlikeme2797]

Finally a video after so long. I have been waiting all this time. Can you do a video about the batavian revolt during the year of the fourth emperor?

[@lotnewlifewhy5190]

To be fair, planning, staging, recording videos such as these to be at least 10 minutes long, and to maintain it to a high quality, three weeks to a month is very reasonable.

[@AMX86]

Wonderful informative information. Thank you.

[@Sutti4844]

great video as always!

[@SlimRhyno]

Thank you for making these videos. They are very entertaining and informative, and are an excellent resource for people like me!

[@SithLord2066]

I like your explanation that the hobnails were primarily to make the shoes last longer. It makes sense.

[@KVW22]

This is fascinating. Keep up the good work, it's much appreciated

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks Joshua!

[@nahiro12345]

I love the total war music at the end. Might play some today. :D

[@geebards]

Very useful video and many thanks for making it.

[@narrare.di.storia]

Great docu! Cheers from Italy, grazie!

[@AndreLuis-gw5ox]

Nice video! Learning about the daily lives of the romans is very interesting

[@seanpaulmccarthy]

I am the unit schuster for my World War I German reenactment group, and boots constantly need repairs.. I have countless hob nails, wood pegs ect for keeping boots in working order.

[@dustash1578]

Cool channel. "Little boots" was so cute for such a short time. I suggest videos on roman cults: Sol, Mars and Mithras would be interesting with a military angle in mind; l think a "day-in-the-life" style video would be good and maybe something about individual or small group combat tactics.

[@ezdante41]

Amazing channel! Fantastic work from the team. I love the format and the recreation work! Keep going and I'm sure you'll become a big youtube channel in no time!

[@inspirednamehere6166]

I have always wondered how earlier Romans kept warm in northern Europe, considering the cold weather and the typical image of the trouserless soldiers - trousers being a barbarian tradition. It would be fascinating to see such an informative, high quality and sensible video on the topic, keep up the good work!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Indeed that is interesting, and the topic of one of our upcoming videos!

[@inspirednamehere6166]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT Nice, I will look forwards to it

[@micahbush5397]

As I understand it, the Romans in northern Europe quickly dropped the "real men don't wear pants" attitude of Italy and pivoted to "real men don't wear BAGGY pants."

[@annasolovyeva1013]

​@@ImperiumRomanumYT I thought they were like the Scottish. Boots, tall socks probably going into wraps around the ankle or tubes like dancers wear, ankle armour like football players wear today, woolen skirts... Real Highlanders don't wear pants too.

[@kaneable7310]

great content. Please keep it coming.

[@JP-su8bp]

Solid presentation, thank you.

[@gaufrid1956]

An excellent video! Easy for me to go shoeless at home here in Mindanao Philippines but if required to march as the Roman legionaries were daily obviously the caligae were a good choice!

[@dhruvchaudhary9442]

amazing as always

[@MojoMaddog]

Love the video! Very well done and presented, looking forward to the next one!

[@KingfishersISH]

Great! I'm going to use this as an introduction to a craft activity where my grade 4 makes their own Caliga 👍

[@Costas_Bantalidis]

glad to see you guys dont skip leg day

[@kevincoulombe6742]

A really excellent presentation

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks Kevin!

[@GERBERTH-r8y]

a friend of me has a set of caliga, they still work today, very high kwality.

[@NomeDeArte]

11:18 Love you left the cat. Invicta bring me here, already suscribe. Your videos have an amazing quality. Best wishes from Argentina!

[@thcdreams654]

Awesome content. Very informative.

[@fiilthy]

Cat! I was going to subscribe anyway, but the cat was a bonus. Cheers from Canada!

[@crothrash1]

well done lads, great content, just keep going, good luck to you!

[@77chance]

Love this channel!

[@pendantblade6361]

This popped in my recs not my subs, gotta ring that bell I guess.

[@gorgosanma]

New sub here. Very well done, the explanations and the acting scenes really make everything very clear.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Awesome, welcome to the club! Glad to hear you like it, and we're still only getting started ;)

[@TheFirstManticore]

I got a pair of caligae, but withouth hobnails so I can wear them indoors. I find that they help keep my feet in good shape; no arch supports to hurt or weaken my feet, cool in summer, and fine in a mild winter too. Water goes right through them. Don't imagine I'm a soldier; I'm a woman in my 70, just trying to keep my strength up.

[@nilo70]

Rejoice ! From your newest subscriber in Californium.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Hurray!

[@ducomaritiem7160]

Strakke content jongens! Ga zo door!

[@meguemil8542]

An amazing video as always!

[@schucklekii6475]

great stuff you guys make

[@PRWolf]

Great video!!

[@greengrasse120]

Loving everything about this channel!! I saw both videos on Invicta using your footage, super impressive and engaging. It breaks my heart a little to see such starkly modern haircuts/styling in otherwise totally immersive scenes. (In the watchtower video there’s straight up a woman with a cheerleader style high pony) From my very limited knowledge, I don’t know that there’s much material/textual evidence of hair styling in this area and period but I think it would be worth it to make things more plausible. Of course the actors shouldn’t change their appearance for the sake of the videos, but maybe you can cover the fresh undercuts with a wig/hairpiece haha I am by no means an expert on any of this and I hugely commend this channel for the amazing work you do. Just wanted to highlight an area where I think a little more consideration could go a long way

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks for your honest and positive feedback Grace, and great to hear you're loving our work :D! We agree with you on the hairstyling part, we really try to pay more attention to it nowadays by either wearing it more authentic, covering it up authentically, or at least not going to the barber shortly before a filming weekend haha (edit: we're not uploading everything exactly in chronological order of filming, so bear with us for a while longer :p)

[@christophyt3445]

Excellent video! Sort of ends on a cliffhanger, though. Why was the caliga only popular for one century? What was used before, what came afterwards?

[@nickkerber1145]

One of the big issues is that it became increasingly impractical for half of the roman army, which was fighting in northern england and along the rhine in germany. Sandles are fine in tbe mediterainian climate, not so great in german winter

[@gabrielgabriel3852]

Good content. You should come to Romania. We have some amazing roman legacy.

[@worldtraveler930]

Keep up the good work!! 🤠👍

[@DoFiFuCl]

Well done guys!!

[@knappe3223]

Amazingly good

[@abntemplar82]

from my own military experience, once i was told that i could buy my own boots i never again wore issue footwear. So, i don't find it hard to believe the Roman troops didn't do the same thing. figure out what is available and works best for them and go with it, provided command approval of course...

[@gunnerbradley5282]

This is awesome. I really hope y’all make a movie with this set up, like a centuria or patrol that gets side tracked into finding a captured legion standard in the lands around the Rhine. That’d be a war movie I could get behind. Let’s fund it!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Such a thing has definitely crossed our mind, but like you recognize, funding is the problem unfortunately - especially for better filming we really need multiple cameras and way more professional lighting, which is damn expensive unfortunately, and we're not really making a profit yet :S

[@MikeVogel22]

Great video guys!

[@johnspizziri1919]

Outstanding!!@

[@Iceguide]

zoals gewoonlijk, geweldige en interessante inhoud

[@THX-to6gg]

Fascinating

[@johnphillips4708]

shocked at how good this was, I like this almost as much as I like fall of civs

[@TyLarson]

Well done!

[@tesssanders7993]

*More than we got as kids in East Texas! I'm in my 70s and growing up we got one pair of shoes a year, we tried to switch around as we grew but more often than not we'd split the sides or in the back because they hurt. Mostly we went barefoot.

[@garygrinkevich6971]

I've got some isreali style camel leather sandals that have similar strapping and my problem with them is the leather stretches unevenly over time so you constantly have to retighten them in my case this involves punching a new hole with a small hook for the dumb little buckle. they also chafe i couldn't imagine marching for hours over hundred of miles in shoes like them. pretty neat video

[@johnnylyonns79]

Love these .good job men

[@mvl8209]

Even on dry cobblestone, hobnails are slippery. Every year, I participate in the Procession of the Holy Blood in Bruges (Belgium) and I play a Roman soldier. We have caligae. More than once, one of us has slipped (which is VERY dangerous, as we carry a pilum with a metal point on both ends, and we also have a scutum. If we fall, we can't easily reach our hand out to get balance or break our fall, we can easily poke other people or hit them with the scutum -which luckily hasn't happened yet, and we're getting more and more used to the caligae and the cobblestones every year, so every year less slipping! They aren't pointy hobnails to have grip on grass, but flat, just to make the sound of metal on stone. (the rest of the uniform is: red long shirt that's not quite a tunic, red shorts, Lorica Segmentata and a groin flap. All of those things of course also make a lot of metal noises when marching, so in my eyes, they could've removed the hobnails for security)

[@freebornjohn2687]

Very informative video. I'd like to know more about what footwear people used in the past especially in Northern Europe where its often cold and wet and also freezes in the winter.

[@RP-mm9ie]

Excellent.