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The silver aluminum gauge in the video is called a Level Board. My Geismar Track Inspection Gauge is a combination level board and gauger.
The Bright Band is also called the running surface or the rail tread. It is the longitudinal band where the rolling stock wheels make contact with the rail head.
When I make my weekly track inspections watching where on the surface of the rail head the bright band runs is one of the things I watch for.
Too much bright band on one rail or the other indicates an unbalanced condition in normal track cross level.
As an example, a bright band that has too much surface area on the low rail and not a fairly equal amount on the high rail indicates too much super elevation in that curve or section of track.