Central Nervous System: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #11

Today Hank talks about your central nervous system. In this episode, we'll explore how your brain develops and how important location is for each of your brain's many functions.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: Broca's Aphasia 00:00
Central Nervous System Structure & Function 1:48
Brain Development: Neural Tube 3:27
Brain Development: 3 Primary Vesicles 3:47
Brain Development: 5 Secondary Vesicles 4:04
Brain Development: Major Adult Brain Regions 4:18
Brain Development: Cerebellum & Brain Stem 4:42
Brain Development: Reptilian Brain 5:45
Brain Development: Cerebral Hemispheres 6:35
The Brain's Lobes 7:35
Review 9:14
Credits 9:48
***
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***
Thank you so much to all of our awesome supporters for their contributions to help make Crash Course possible and freely available for everyone forever:
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Dr. Sarah Hinzman
Caroline Haas
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Alton Toth of Sechelt
Rodrigo Groppa
Sönke
Rebecca Karger
Gregle
Ariana Flewelling (@EdTechAri)

[@sadrobokiller4]

This video is basically where brains come to learn about brains on a site that brains made. My head hurts...

[@spacemonster7051]

*Your BRAIN hurts

[@anomalous34]

GiantSpaceMonsters OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

[@technoturkey5528]

Anon Homey ...snap!

[@xericicity]

GiantSpaceMonsters Technically the brain does not have any nociceptors, so it cannot feel pain. Normally a headache comes from the tissue between the brain and the skull, which does contain nociceptors. And yes... I am very fun at parties.

[@anomalous34]

xericicity OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

[@loredanaolsen4323]

I am in my second year of medical school, and THIS CHANNEL helps me understand concepts that a 3 hour lecture couldn't. I salute you good sir !!

[@johnjordan1833]

Anybody else desperately trying to make sense of their notes after their anatomy class went online thanks to COVID-19?

[@user-vk8qo8zj7q]

Omg yes

[@mobster6340]

yep XD

[@revanthek1153]

Like do u guys any other sources for reviewing anat too ? Please

[@johnjordan1833]

@@revanthek1153 I recommend Khan Academy, Professor Dave Explains and Nerd Ninja Science. Those have been my go to.

[@christinawilliams7736]

AP psychology for me

[@kristenroberts9335]

Crash Course Neuroscience Yes! Make it happen

[@SamFarr1]

I really hope so!

[@masamune9082]

Ravi Adluru what happened to your father (jango fett)

[@MrJayPuff]

That would actually be amazing!

[@jessiegcmu]

I'm about to graduate school to be a Speech-Language Pathologist and I have to say I was pleasantly surprised to hear the content about Broca's Aphasia and the diencephalon etc..I have never understood it better in six years of school than I did with your animation. I love learning about the brain and nervous system..so fascinating! Great job crash course!

[@martialkintu2035]

Jessie Gillette Good for you!

[@emmagreenland-broadsmith6841]

Hey, I'm also studying speech pathology, and thought the same thing: how cool for them to talk (even briefly) about Broca's aphasia, out of all the potential problems of brain damage!

[@wendellmisiedjan7676]

FIRST. I will take this moment of fame to thank Crash Course for their amazing content!

[@crashcourse]

***** Congratulations! We're glad we could be a part of this auspicious moment in your KZbin commenting career. ;) -Nicole

[@rjpabon91]

Definitely among the best Firsts that I've seen 10/10

[@doublepoly123]

Dude congrats. You deserve all in life.

[@happysamoan97]

You've come a long, way buddy :)

[@brandtlucasbrandt]

***** WHAT HAVE YOU DONE WITH STAN?!

[@maindistortion]

This crash course is saving my life. I have a terrible physiology teacher who just sits there for 3 hours without explaining ANYTHING. I'm reading the books but sometimes too much information at once doesn't help with retaining knowledge. Thank you Hank!

[@makavelic2000]

Literrally using this to review for Anatomy midterm

[@victorbarredo9754]

Michael CK same!

[@itswarhawk]

Same but 2 years later ...

[@AyaMohamed-ij6hu]

bro you are not alone

[@zeyearwood7738]

psy100 review

[@AndryFae21]

Same here

[@Bram06]

My brain just learned how its creating itself, wait... what?

[@queensaharaice7376]

Lol

[@user-yf9lx5ck9s]

LOL

[@flexibleriyah2785]

*illuminati music*

[@kittyykatie]

you could say that's meta

[@JosephLachh]

same bro

[@ursoskibidi]

The relief I feel when I see hank hours before my exam is indescribable. He's out there saving my grades and my life.

[@ninawithann]

"the sun is bright, so I'll shave my eyes" time to clean my ears..

[@elliesprague3618]

I'm glad I'm not the only one that heard it that way 😂

[@fortheloveofLDS]

Give me six years to complete my PhD and I'll write Crash Course Neuroscience for you guys.

[@rachelbernat2231]

I’m in my first anatomy and physiology class (still not sure if I want to go into the medical field or not) but your videos remind me why I found the human body fascinating in the first place. Thank you, Hank!

[@malvarado9912]

if you are still unsure on the medical field then take an EMT course. It's just one semester but in that semester yoy get to experience the heavy workload of the medical field, what it's like working in the medical field as we get clinical rotations, and it's the best exposure you'll get to the medical field without committing too much.

[@-azura_rosaka-]

I can't believe this video was posted 8 years ago 😅

[@davidpowell91]

I started PA school about a month ago and discovered your videos for the first time. So far my experience in PA school has been overwhelming and very stressful, to say the least. Each time we begin a new system, since I found your videos, I come and watch the ones that pertain to what we are studying. On one hand it gives a fantastic overview of what I need to know and makes the upcoming lectures make far more sense, but on the other(and arguably more important) I come away feeling lighter because you make me laugh and like I really can do this. So from a struggling and sleep deprived PA student: Thank you for making my days a little bit better! Keep it up!

[@jgb1214]

Still in my premed years and this channel has helped me so much with my anatomical and physiological studies. I really cant thank the developers enough

[@crashcourse]

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ

[@SimonLee87]

Reading about it in the text book took me a week to remember. Watching this video.... only took 15 minutes..... wut....

[@hufflepunk9562]

That is because it engaged both your visual and audio centers in your brain. The more sensory centers you involve when you learn, the better you will remember it! :)

[@maiohatawa]

I wish my lecturer engaged my brain

[@wchi8391]

Simon Lee Bless your heart

[@Angela-sz9vk]

I second that, Simon Lee!

[@angelicajanechan3360]

Saaaameeee!!!!

[@PsikologHasanArslan]

Great presentation of content. Loved it. Thank you.

[@MicroBlogganism]

This one is going to be popular with zombies

[@paranor001]

om nom nom nom

[@crashcourse]

***** Fingers crossed. We're really hoping to boost our success with the zombie demo. -Nicole

[@ketfoen]

I wonder which part of the brain they like most?

[@joshuahettinger9287]

ketfoen Frontal lobe.

[@MicroBlogganism]

ketfoen My money is on the diencephalon. It's probably like the soft nougat centre of a fine chocolate confectionery to them.

[@claytonharting9899]

I would love a more in-depth neurology series. I'm an aspiring neuroscientist and in my current situation, Crash Course is my primary teacher. I'd also like to thank you guys for all that you do, this whole organization is awesome!

[@AEEZProductions]

i appreciate these videos so much! as a pre-med bio major, your videos make all the memorizing and late nights not so bad! :)

[@cobaltalons5708]

came out just in time for my science test. Thanks to everyone at Crash Course for making stuff like this!

[@geovannyruiz4662]

I sense a concerted effort to educate MCAT takers. LOVE IT! THANK YOU!

[@shalilyahenry12]

I love the visualization and drama that goes into this. It makes it easier to store and remember. A lot of it also is your personality which keeps my attention. Thank you so much for contributing to the evolution of humanity in a positive and effective way! As I continue to seek my Ph.D. in Psychology your videos and your team has played an effective part in me being able to accomplish this goal. Blessing upon all you and your team touch and do.

[@user-cm2hb5kq2k]

I usually watch your video first, and chill, like i just let my brain hear it. Then the second time i watch it the day after, i pay attention, and then i re watch it for notes/studying, and usually pause and grab key points. Def helps with my A&P exams.

[@santiagobazoberry3627]

It's amazing, I wasn't expecting to see Hank here. I just played the first and short video about the lobes inside the brain for an assignment. Thank you Hank, I watched you on the SciShow. You always teaching me something new.

[@isectoid9454]

5:40 The blue shell caught me off guard... ...wouldn't be the first time.

[@Daidek]

I know.

[@itsmeecee]

I am in my first year of psychology and my first PSY101 midterm coming up. this channel is really helped me about the understand nervous system thank you 🖤

[@mikemckenzie4016]

The fact that he made that Professor X reference makes me so happy because that's exactly what I've thought of when hearing the word cerebrum many times.

[@youngjinlee3274]

항상 잘 보고 있어요! 대학교 수업 시간에 이해가 안가는 내용이 있으면 찾아보고 있답니다. 좋은 내용, 질 좋은 영상 항상 감사합니다!!

[@authenticallyangelica9568]

This guy saves my life every time!

[@colton6154]

Thank you so much for these. I have a physiology professor with a very thick French accent, and these videos are helping me keep my head above water in this course.

[@Leahweahbeah]

I love watching crash course to do a recap on what I studied , but I really wish there was another video on the functional areas and the anatomy of the brain (sulci, gyri, diencephalon, etc.)

[@anneagena8236]

MaLeah Galvan look up Brain anatomy there’s a video explaining parts in the brain

[@AlanmanAaron]

How he said "The phone is ringing, maybe I'll pick it up." *shudders*

[@queensaharaice7376]

Lol, btw its "The phone is ringing maybe I'll answer it"... yes memorized the whole thing... DON'T JUDGE ME OKAY!😠😆😄😲😳😆

[@egonhomes]

I'd love to watch a Crash Course series on the various folds of the brain, especially how they relate to psychology.

[@violetvalli]

Thanks for making these educational videos! They help me get through college and pursue my career goal of becoming a nurse. Thanks again for making learning fun!!!!!

[@tobithedestructor9129]

We love you Crash Course! Keep teaching the good stuff!

[@yvettemusteingumatay6360]

You discuss all of what Ive read and understand for hours. Great videos it really helps us

[@simonh8441]

I just finished reading "The Tell-Tale Brain" a great book for anyone who finds neuroscience interesting. Kinda coincidental that I finished it the day before this came out, considering it's the first book I've read about the subject.

[@Jellybean17771]

Thank u!! I luv this training...I was so lost in my neuropsychological class...this greatly helped me to understand and made me smile!! Liv it

[@TheMrsjessicag]

So happy I came across your channel today!! I need this in my life 🙏🏽🙌🏽

[@NoraBasharLababidi]

I'm doing my psychology degree and I'm in my first year and I keep reading my textbooks, altho I understand it, the way you put it makes me rememebr things and sometimes i watch your videos and then read my textbooks and understand it even better!!! seriously this made my life so much easier ! thank you!

[@keishalynn6059]

idk what i would do without this course! you make things sound more fun and interesting and for that i thank you crash course!

[@carpethatdiem]

Loving this series, Crash Course team! Will you be covering the effects psychoactive drugs in your exploration of the nervous system? Or perhaps write a separate series concerning humans and our long history with psychoactives? Thanks for reducing world suck and inspiring others to do the same!

[@bzzzvzzze]

Love every episode. Thank you so much for sharing!

[@megan-qv4ng]

im really binge watching this right now and i kinda love that

[@dmaradiaga44]

You guys make this videos a lot more fun way to learn, I watched them several time until really get it, Thank you very much, they're awesome, also loving the host too :)

[@meeseeks1489]

This guy makes biology easier😁 thankyou

[@tinyrutabaga7126]

Two things. My sister loves you one! and Second thing I just used you to study/review for my nursing school test I got next week! Thanks Hank!

[@nancydeen7202]

Crash Course has been an absolute SAVIOUR as I study Psych 101. Making distance studies sans lecture possible to understand! Thanks XO

[@tygonmaster]

I have congenital hydrocephalus and while I have lived with it for 21 years now and know it basically is too much "water on the brain" that needs to be pumped out, it would be neat to have a series on some abnormalities of the brain such as hydrocephalus. Given, it would be impossible to go into every one, but an overview of different things that can developed through disruptions of the brain as it is forming would be interesting. :)

[@qualifiedcornstarch6859]

I've never met an adult with hydrocephalus; how do you manage to live with it? do you have to have the extra CFS drained on a regular basis?

[@Selichan42_SA]

@@qualifiedcornstarch6859 Not OP but I have hydrocephalus; one of the treatments for it is a shunt, which basically does what you described. It's a metal tube inside me that starts in my head (and can be set to regulate pressure) and goes through the ventricles down to my stomach where the CSF is drained. I was diagnosed in utero and got my first shunt before I turned one and then got it replaced with a second one after the first broke at age 13. I'll probably need more revisions as I get older, too

[@ksullivan6601]

Love Crash Course videos. Narration and visuals are awesome. I have to mention that around 8:41 the fornix is mistakenly labeled as the hippocampus. They are different anatomical structures. The hippocampus is that enlarged purple portion directly posterior to the amygdala.

[@user-yf9lx5ck9s]

good point

[@MrMiscellaneousOG]

Nothing but love... keep producing spectacular content!

[@jamesdahmer5027]

MOAR of everything! I am a medic in Canada and must have all the anatomy and physiology I can get! All of the things! Many more good things to you and all your crew! - Patreon subscriber.

[@fardousfahim1586]

love crash course. it helps a lot!:-)

[@SM-qn7sr]

How in the hell did you jus treach me a whole hour of lecture in like 10 minutes

[@thatwickedsmahtchick601]

My teachers would have kept me awake teaching this way. Not that I’m holding onto much of this either lol fascinating and wonderful I can’t wait to delve into more. Thank you for your work

[@martinabellasio8220]

This is amazing!! It would have been SOOO useful at the beginning of my neurobiology course!! :D

[@sushanuchoudhary8103]

Literally ......A Brain studying another Brain

[@tessat338]

Though I have MS, it doesn't really impact my day to day life other than taking daily medication (no longer a shot, thank goodness!) and some numbness on the bottom of my foot and on the finger tips of one hand. I have 3 or 4 lesions in my brain that were never noticed until after my spinal lesions caused the numbness and I had an MRI to find out why. However, I noticed that I was dropping vowels when I was writing. I am right handed and to cure the numbness in my left fingers, I started practicing using chop sticks and practicing writing with my left hand. Dang if the vowels didn't come back and I haven't had a problem with them since.

[@1cruzita923]

Tessa T MS (herpes virus connection)

[@nasirmontshiwa1872]

these videos are hella informative , keep up the good work, thank you :)

[@britneyrose8548]

Thank you!! AMAZING!!! Keep it coming please!!

[@elliewalker2434]

When you talked about singing it made me wonder if that's the reason so many people with speech impediments can sound normal while singing

[@jabbaker3437]

8:00 - 8:05 yep, and my generation has proved your words true my good sir

[@SakinahNazli]

I LOVE YOU GUYS! Thanks for making studying fun and interesting!

[@otomeleifu]

Imma need this for my test on Friday, thank you!

[@mjn3622]

Brains are studying about Brain to Memorize how there brain work to use there brains when its time to use .... which actually WE DONT DO :D GREAT GOD :D

[@amrdaoud4254]

Lol

[@AlKhttabAlSaqri]

I have to thank you CrashCourse for the amazing videos you make. Thank you so much ***** you're the best science-youtuber :)

[@jaykraemer8106]

Thank god this exists. This channel has saved me so many times, and it continues...

[@shonacole2124]

love love crash coarse-you're the best Hank! saved me for sure

[@seanmashley9228]

I think there's an error. Pardon me if I'm wrong, but isn't Broca's Area associated with speech production and Wernicke's Area with speech comprehension? At 8:25, the video says Wernicke's Area is "associated with the production of written and spoken language". Not to knock you and your team's work. This is a great series, Hank! Don't Forget To continue Being Awesome!

[@geovannyruiz4662]

Agreed!

[@my-crazy-fantastic-fanatic]

Sean M Ashley - Well.. I'm not too sure, but aren't we supposed to hear a word being pronounced before we do it ourselves? So, probably, W-area collects and processes the info., whereas the B-area decides how the muscles have to be moved to pronounce a particular word.

[@deliac2187]

Sean M Ashley i think It's because he forgot to tell us about the angular gyrus witch is an area for the reading cognition very important on wernikes area

[@seanmashley9228]

@ My-Crazy Fantastic-Fanatic So, maybe Hank meant to include collection/processing of incoming speech information when he said Wernicke's Area is "associated with the production of written and spoken language"? If so, I think that's confusing. I think someone with Wernicke's Aphasia will typically have impaired reading and aural speech comprehension. (Random Thought #1: what about sign language?) (Though, I've also read that writing is impaired, too. Perhaps this is because writing involves a continuous feedback loop between writing the next letter and processing what has already been written?) To over-simplify, I've heard Broca's Area is involved with speech output and Wernicke's Area is involved with speech input, but the video says Wernicke's Area is associated with speech output. Thanks for introducing the motor vs sensory aspect to comparing B-Area and W-Area. Random Thought #2: How defined/distinct are these specialized regions of the brain?

[@seanmashley9228]

@ Delia A. Chavarin Iñiguez I might be over-simplifying, but isn't the visual speech information transfer (ie. reading, maybe intrepetting sign language, too?) the main function of the Angular Gyrus to Wernicke's Area? If so, I think it's good to know to understand that information is constantly being transferred throughout the brain in different paths, but I don't see how it clears up whether B-Area vs W-Area corresponds to speech production or speech comprehension (or that both areas are closely tied to both production/comprehension). IDK - This is all coming from just a curious engineer; I'm not a Speech-Language Pathologist nor a Neurologist nor a Psychologist.

[@BCDSvideos]

3:56 - the little text bubbles says Spinal Brian ... hahahahaahahah

[@AssClappicus]

EVERYTHING IS LOCO hank!!!! thanks for the video.

[@emmam837]

Thank you. I just started leaning about the nervous system in school

[@zrty6512]

Ok so I'm autistic, my brain can do somethings other can't, some bad and some good. I can overlap what my eyes see with what I can imagine which has a lot of possibilities, I can visualize take apart things but If I do it to long and to often I get migraines and the light will hurt my eyes. With my dreams the best way I can describe what my brain does with it, it uses memories and current knowledge to some what predict the future from something simple as me seeing something from a tv show I haven't seen in awhile and then then the next day I check the channel and the tv show is on, or something complex as predicting a video game with very little information such as me seeing a floating city in the graphics of borderlands them a year later borderlands 2 comes out when that happens it's harder to explain, then there's the way I handle grief is completely different because I don't follow the stages of it, then there's the stuffed cat that made a separate personality in my head that talks with me in basic conversations that help with my life and memories, then there's the center obsessions that grow on me and I specialize with such as astronomy, video games and my soul mate, then there's what happens when I have seizures if it's more intense I lose complete control of my legs for a small amount of time I can feel stuff can't move it and it destroys my short term memory the few hours before and after I can't remember, then there my anger I literally become a different person and is hard to control but I can sort of direct so no one gets hurt because I throw stuff If someone reads this can you direct me somewhere were I can lean how this all happens and how my brain works

[@chrissiemc]

Zachary Rivera amazing but no idea x

[@qualifiedcornstarch6859]

Abnormal Pyschology would point you towards the psychological aspects, Anatomy+Physiology would tell you the physical ways that your brain works, and Oliver Sacks would return the humanity to all that clinical info. Neurotypicality is overrated; enjoy your different brain & the unique strengths & weaknesses it has!

[@PorkChopper449]

You're already here Hank can teach you *everyting*

[@josephgrapes7683]

I understand i have your same problems do you ever have sensory overload like where you senses get a random boost

[@dantv23]

amazing descriptions! thank you! If I learn how to help you I will try to.

[@bellatrent8774]

Future rad tech here! This vid definitely help with my anatomy!

[@meltaizin2996]

Perfect mix of education and humor. I actually had fun watching this :)

[@lancebell9728]

appreciate the good work on this video. I just received a good grade on my psychology test becuase of you. thanks again.

[@joshuaelamparithi3803]

Whose watching this in 2019??

[@britneybrightside4780]

🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️

[@sillyunico]

joe mama

[@mariohall8357]

Not me

[@Tmbrwlf32]

"Whose" is the possessive form of the pronoun who, while "who’s" is a contraction of the words who is or who has.

[@rhewt01]

I'm watching this in 2020.

[@ADJW212]

Anyone else studying neuropsychology???

[@sidrahzahoor1126]

awesome lecture! amazing. thankyou for helping the rest of the psychology students in the world. 😊

[@t1gr1426]

Great for a quick review in Neuro-anatomy in med-school! (I’m aiming for Neurosurgery)

[@be_luna]

I wish I could learn fast

[@jacekneumann6491]

I'd bet that most upcoming outtakes will be from this episode.

[@Angela-sz9vk]

This has really helped me learn things that I just couldn't get from the textbook... thank you!

[@hagarsoto]

you guys are awsome!!!! thank you so much for your great videos, couldnt have done it without you :)

[@InnovumTechnology]

The outer layer of the cerebrum is actually called the neocortex. The cerebral cortex is really just another name for the cerebrum. Also, no mention of the basal ganglia? It interacts heavily with the frontal lobe (and to a small extent the occipital lobe), and is extremely important in decision making, emotion, and motor and eye movements.

[@rn6045]

Wrong episode

[@robinreich95]

2:11 "the sun is bright, so I'll shave my eyes" lol

[@jasonisert7980]

shade

[@melodysong1127]

I love the feeling I get after watching a Crash Course video, I finally understand what's going on!! Thank you XD

[@tammyg3113]

Very interesting. I always enjoy the way crash course presents information :D. Thank you.

[@valeriekubiak9035]

2:11 I thought he said "The sun is bright, so I'll shave my eyes" and I was thoroughly confused.

[@ClayburnGriffin]

I have one of those.

[@mjvybz]

One of what?

[@goodnessoverloaded1078]

I highly doubt that though

[@leahh617]

Hank I love you. You're helping me pass A&P 1.

[@KatrinaEames]

I would love if Crash Course eventually did a series on Neurology or Linguistics, I think they would both be super interesting things to learn about.

[@benutzeraccount5127]

I think my house-mate doesn´t possess a frontal lobe

[@jesseclark7105]

0:40 Am I the only one who laughed? I hope so. I just wasn't expecting the "response" to be so random, and admittedly it's kind of funny to imagine someone being asked if they want cereal and they say "Two."

[@cams4991]

I laughed 😂😂

[@chibiprussia5574]

+Cam Shirley Laughed*

[@AmandaMiller11]

The insula is the cerebrum's fifth lobe, inferoposterior to temporal lobe, & deals with gustatory/taste senses. Love brain videos! Thanks!

[@kristenroberts9335]

Yes! Crash Course Neuroscience!!! I would love that