China's Forgotten History in Indonesia: Lanfang Republic

[@benatis]

This is my Hometown, in Singkawang. Our ancestor Lo Fong Pak is the first person who introduced Republic system in indonesia

[@scotandiamapping4549]

It's one of the earliest in the modern era but it isn't *the* first Republic in the world, Rome in particular comes to mind

[@benatis]

@@scotandiamapping4549 my mistake, i mean first in Indonesia.

[@scotandiamapping4549]

@@benatis ah

[@matthewsiregar]

ayy, its my hometown as well. my dad grew up there

[@Cecilia-ky3uw]

Well we still don't have consensus whether the republic was a 'western style' or a chinese developed one.

[@GwainSagaFanChannel]

This is not even mentioned in my Dutch history classes while Dutch East Indies is something obligatory every Dutch student has to learn

[@lettuceman9439]

Probably overshadowed by the dutch conquest of java and the larger borneon states

[@electricangel4488]

I have litteraly never seen that in any book

[@archingelus]

Neither we have this is our national history class, all the older muslim and hindu kingdoms are recognized but this

[@rez1525]

​​@@archingelusi dont think they cover all kingdom.indonesian only teach the huge one like majapahit,sriwijaya,singosari. While small kingdom like banten sultanate or sunda forgotten

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

​@@rez1525theyre not forgotten. even kingdoms in eastern indonesia like gowa, ternate, tidore are mentioned. but they dont have that many historical source like ancient inscription/prasasti or temples so theres not much to tell about them.

[@SetuwoKecik]

I just realized that the word "gongsi" is probably the origin of indonesian word "Kongsi", which is in Indonesian is referring to "trading guild" or colonial companies like British EIC or Dutch VOC.

[@reinhardheinzwarfelr8215]

You would be correct, many came from hokkien like pisau(knife), becak(ricksaw), and lonceng(bells)

[@abdurrahmanjoenoes7384]

KONGSI...KHENGZI... .GONGSHI mandarin language....(HAKA...HOKKIEN dialect).

[@willylao5430]

'Gongxi' in Mandarin ('Kongsi' in the Hokkien dialect) means 'company' or 'corporation'.

[@imbat7149]

gongsi not gongxi

[@SetuwoKecik]

@@imbat7149 who said gongxi?

[@fajarcahyono3693]

Bruh I am Indonesian but only hear the name of Lanfang Republic, basically I know that it was once exist but I don't have any single idea about who is them, how their government and society does to live, etc. The history books and our historical teachers here never write any single thing about their history, even from Dutch or Chinese Indonesian sources never tell anything about this Republic. It's a big shame that my country never teach us about Lanfang and I only started to know it because of your videos. Big thumbs 👍❤

[@freemanol]

Indonesian history does not fit with the narrative that the government and clerics want people to believe. Indonesia was supposed to be a united people who gained their independence against a foreign invader, which wasn't the reality. In truth the archipelago was made of a bunch of tribes who were constantly fighting amongst themselves.

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

​@@freemanolwho cares?

[@JackRoopers]

@@freemanol Dude, stop making propaganda. After the Dutch conquer the entire archipelago, people from all different islands realize that they have the same enemy and only by uniting they can became strong and repel the invaders. That's why in 1928 they decide to make a Youth Pledge where they will create one homeland, one nation, one language: Indonesia.

[@V-S-]

@@JackRoopers and who's this enemy, the chinese? Is this why you massacred many of them lol 😂, because of the "youth pledge"?

[@lontongstroong]

@@JackRoopers Not until these ethnolinguistic groups had enough critical mass of educated elites (thanks to the Dutch emancipation program, although sadly very belated and of small scale) in the early 1900s. This was culminated on the Youth Congress of 1928. Prior to the emancipation program, it was essentially every group for themselves.

[@TheWazzoGames]

I love how Ghost Countries brings more attention to states that even most general history nerds wouldn’t know about unless they ended up on a clicking rabbit hole on Wikipedia

[@Cigmacica]

Or just play vicky 2/3

[@snekula5353]

Or Europa Universalis IV

[@cosmoray9750]

How the US Empire Operates (Part 2) kzbin.info/www/bejne/noPLmaluiad6itE

[@mikhail2446]

Apparently some people just created Wikipedia about Lan Fang a fake country since 2022. 😂 Lang Fang is not a nation or a country. It was just a share (Kongsi) or business organization formed by Chinese labors work in mining. West Borneo was under the control of Sambas Sultanate since 1671.

[@absentmindedshirokuma8539]

​@@mikhail2446sambas sultanate invite those chinese in their Kingdoms as partner against brunei sultanate in the north and sukadana kingdom in the south. They are given Pretty high autonomy even when under sambas vassalage. In fact last independen sambas king died in singkawang seeking shelter against his nephew who allied with dutch. This republic actually one of last area to be conquered by the dutch along with banjar sultanate.

[@is5052]

their legacy still lives on, 42% of singkawang and 30% of pontianak/mandor citizens are Chinese descent (a total 8% of west kalimantan population)

[@Vysair]

pontianak still sounds funny because it's a type of ghost

[@jirawatliw180]

Many of them marry with the local converted to be Muslim and claim they are origin people

[@eccedentesiast0432]

indonesia isn't a country w 4th largest number of overseas chinese. in fact, the largest overseas chinese community in the world (excluding tw, hk, and macau) is living in Indonesia. Chinese-indonesians have long moved to pre-indonesia, as have been here for hundreds of years, from generation to generation, and not only in borneo island. there is also a large number in java, sumatera, and surronding islands.

[@christopherevan1871]

I am Chinese Indonesian and i live in Pontianak, i don't know any of this till now.

[@Yitnoyitno-wv6gb]

Nantinya salah satu keturunan yang selamat menarik diri ke Singapura dan salah satu keturunannya adalah perdana menteri pertama Singapura

[@anneke6904]

​@@Yitnoyitno-wv6gbbeda marga koq, pendiri Lanfang marga Low, pendiri SGP marga Lee.

[@Yusef-uh4wl]

Ive never met any singkawang chinese who know this also. One has to read wiki quora or EU4

[@Yusef-uh4wl]

​@@Yitnoyitno-wv6gblee itu dari semarang bukan kalimantan

[@KyraWS]

@@anneke6904 Nenek LKY (dari ibunya) merupakan keturunan Hakka yg berasal dari Pontianak kemudian pindah ke singapore.

[@fiorino4554]

I found out about this country through wikipedia like 3 years ago

[@GwainSagaFanChannel]

I found out about this country through EU4

[@DOppler-kr4hj]

I found out about it via a HOI 4 mod.

[@TacticalRuse]

I found out about it now, i knew china had some influence there but never thought they had their own country

[@Bleilock1]

Well i found about it from vic3 as one of the most progressive OPM starts Making it a very fun start You can do a lot with it

[@jvictor16]

I found it by playing vic 2

[@kretin001]

Cool to see this discussed more online. Indonesians know about this, but rather passingly.

[@SetuwoKecik]

We've never taught about this in our history class, ngl.

[@CharDhue]

If I'm asking at least my friend on java and madura they will have no clue what lanfang is, generally it's not even mentioned on highschool book I know because play EU4 give the knowledge

[@Yusef-uh4wl]

Yeah many indonesians know but not most. Its been mentioned on quora indonesia for many years

[@2ndbrain108]

I know this history about history of garuda symbol.

[@ranochung]

there is only few indonesian know about this history..

[@StoicHistorian]

Always wanted to learn more about this! Thanks guy!

[@GhostCountries]

Thanks man - we've got a more episodes in SE Asia and Oceania planned!

[@StoicHistorian]

@@GhostCountries can’t wait!

[@krissiregar8083]

I love this video. I love it. we don't even heard of this in our school in Indonesia. I guest that's why there's a lot of chinese ancestry people in West Kalimantan.

[@shadowmistress999]

I was told my ancestors could have been involved with The 蘭芳共和國, shame that my family history is poorly conserve that I only know that my ancestors owned gold mines locally (somewhere within East Kalimantan - the late Sarawak Kingdom), and marrying ancestors that owned tin mine in the peninsula (probably some political marriage lol) I am a Sarawakian Hakka, the exact same slang of Hakka (河婆客, one of the 5? "regional" Hakka) can be found in Sarawak, part of Kalimantan, and part of Chinese GuangDong.

[@paullai1583]

Lanfang founder not hopo hakka!

[@danielsuguwa746]

Hey there, I'm Sarawakian here too, although I'm a Dayak (Iban specifically). Interesting how we do know this, although for me, I accidentally stumbled into this while browsing casually on Wikipedia several years ago. Good to see you here, oh and of course, Happy Sarawak Day mate! ❤️

[@shadowmistress999]

@@paullai1583 my great-grandfather speaks non-Hopo Hakka which is associated with somewhere in Indonesia, he was a gold smith. I'm not sure which generation was the one that moved from Indonesia to Sarawak tho, I was told they were hella rich--- they had servants carrying gold bars in basket, furnitures etc. all the way, we're talking about a long long line of servants here 😂

[@shadowmistress999]

@@danielsuguwa746 mate I am oversea so no any celebration vibe here 😭😭😭 Thank you!!!! Happy Sarawak Day to you too my brother in Motherland

[@danielsuguwa746]

@@shadowmistress999 You too, and you're very much welcome mate! 😊❤️

[@Bomber_Fish]

Ayo, you highlighted my hometown boy! As a Pontianak native i salute you.

[@howsinling5558]

need to pay a visit to your hometown

[@12345678946513]

Literally never heard of this cool part of south east asian history. You earned yourself a sub!

[@hans7856]

Victoria 2 players know this.

[@TheAnonymousKnightOfJustice]

Me when I want to free Indonesia and form them in 1845. Lanfang,you're in!

[@mikhail2446]

Lang Fang is not a nation or a country. It was just a share (Kongsi) or business organization formed by Chinese labors work in mining. West Borneo was under the control of Sambas Sultanate since 1671.

[@bukanmars9999]

@@mikhail2446 depends how you define a country. but in this case, they did have some kind of organizing, ie a leader, council, and the people. the sultanate did not influence how they live as long as they paid tributes, which means they did govern themselves.

[@くるみ-w1s]

v2的兰芳是mod吧

[@mikhail2446]

@@bukanmars9999 Lol. Wrong. Whatever you try to define, organization is just organization. Even homeless people can forming an organization, but not all people can own or even rule the lands. 1) Lang Fang people was not natives, they just immigrants who came hundreds years after the native kingdoms established and ruled the Western Borneo. They also never purchased the Western Borneo lands from the Sultanate of Sambas, which Sultanate of Sambas was the only Kingdom who administratively controlled and ruled the Western Borneo. 2) Sultanate of Sambas have big influences and acknowledged by the Dutch. That's why Dutch East Indies purchased some of the Western Borneo lands from Sultanate. And that's why the Sultanate was administratively exists during Dutch Est Indies, until the administrations and controls hand-overed from Sultanate of Sambas to Indonesian government in 1956. While Lang Fang organization never acknowledged by the locals, Sultanate and Dutch to rule the Western Borneo. They just a business federation, nothing more. That's why Dutch disbanded this organization.

[@quakeroatsisnothealthy]

My pontianak friend's family is actually descendants of a lanfang kongsi leader

[@P4Tri0t420]

Everybody who played Vic3 will know it :D

[@hans7856]

Cringe. Just play Victoria 2 with HFM or GFM

[@colinyu9517]

@@hans7856 In Victoria 2 players can directly give commands to each individual brigades, so no

[@hans7856]

@@colinyu9517 Just like in the 19th century. That is the damn point.

[@Cigmacica]

​@@hans7856I swear to god vicky 2 players can be the biggest assholes, just go back and play your game you don’t see vicky 3 players shit on you game

[@hans7856]

@@Cigmacica Victoria 3 should have been an improved version of Victoria 2. That's what we have been waiting for for a decade. Instead, it's a sort of cheap HOI4 set in the 19th century. The only thing Victoria 2 players wanted was normal multiplayer and maybe a few very conservative changes. We have been let down and everyone should boycot the dumbest Paradox game.

[@chatoxsequadx1549]

Singkawang is very well known among Indonesian Chinese

[@kirbyward2001]

Borneo is an interesting subject from many perspectives This is something I knew nothing about Well presented

[@danielsuguwa746]

Hey there, thanks for your interest! I'm from Borneo, specifically Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo). I too find our history (about Borneo and the surrounding in general) just as interesting as some others out there (too much to name here, but you know it), but pretty underrated and not entirely known except to history enthusiasts, just like you and myself do. :D

[@GhostCountries]

Thanks and I completely agree with you about Borneo; I've actually been toying with the idea of doing a comprehensive ghost geography episode about the island at some point!

[@danielsuguwa746]

@@GhostCountries Nice, thanks for your comment! Glad to hear that you've gave this one slice to learn, and now you're giving us here in Borneo more love in this history KZbin scene, both today and in to the future ❤️ Oh and btw, today, we Sarawakian celebrates Sarawak (Independence) Day, which we officially celebrates it since gazetted into our state law in 2016. Pretty nice and coincidentally timely for me and others to learn about this and other lesser-known history that we aren't made aware of before, thanks to you and few others that really willing to go deep dive into our lesser-known historical rabbit hole ❤️

[@mfulan7548]

​@@GhostCountries So where are the sources for this video?

[@ПобедавРоссии]

@@mfulan7548literally it exist in internet. You just lazy like most of Indonesian

[@whosthat3388]

The Philippines had something similar, but it wasn't a Republic. The Kaboloan or Pangasinan was Chinese tributary-like state in the Pangasinan area in the island of Luzon or Lusong at the time. The state had influence from the Ming dynasty (the Qing didn't take over yet). By the time the Spanish came to Pangasinan, they noted that commoners were wearing Chinese and Japanese cotton garments while the Nobility wore silks. Intresting to know that Indonesia had something similar, having even a chinese republic before the world wars.

[@lalakuma9]

Ah that explains why Pontianak seems like a randomly existing Chinese community stronghold in Borneo. I've always wondered.

[@yunusjhon651]

In era of sukarno many Chinese living were be retuned over to China by ships and some of them had entered Sabah illegally before Malaysia federation was formed.was not recorded in history.

[@absentmindedshirokuma8539]

Soekarno didn't plan this. It's the local sambas and pontianak nobleman who want the mining area for their own with the help of Japanese. But they resist fiercely dispite the genocide, so it fail and to this day, lot of chinese reside in west kalimantan. We called them "mandor affair" Or "pontianak incident".

[@TLCTLC-cg6cm]

There was also the Taiping rebellion in 1850 on mainland China, which led to many Hakka Chinese fleeing to Borneo..

[@mkmkmk9536]

Fascinating vid!!

[@naranyala_dev]

very informative, I'm sure there is still a lot of world history that is rarely discussed

[@BungBirrul]

Please make a video about Depok. The free independent city state from Dutch East Indies (nowadays Indonesia) created from free sleeves

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

can i get free sleeves too?

[@Befreie_mich]

Funny​@@rizkyadiyanto7922

[@lontongstroong]

More like creoles - ex-slaves with pretty significant European (mostly Dutch) admixture.

[@Yitnoyitno-wv6gb]

Depok republic

[@werren894]

D.E.P.O.C not depok, and it was not created by the free slaves, but european with different philosophy.

[@RamzyHakim]

Basic knowledge about the history of Lancang republic was particularly erased and remained disclosed even for national curriculum since the Soeharto order 1966-1998 as it issued anti - Chinese policies. Very great and informative video! 🤍

[@danielwong2333]

Hope more reserch are done by historians for this history after colonised by Dutch and UK was lost. Interesting history.

[@kiri4936]

any EU4 player knows about this country because of how hard it is to form and how rare it is to see, so it's sorta become a bit famous for that, really interesting video btw!

[@bamabotak]

good job man.. your research stuff is more than average person.. a top noch.. thank you for the history..

[@EkyStyawan]

As Indonesian, this is the first time I've heard of this

[@bukanmars9999]

big question why it wasn't taught in school

[@thefalconflame]

@@bukanmars9999 A lot of Indonesian history is not taught at school. Such as the genocide of Batak people by Imam Bonjol ;)

[@pamacell1102]

Thanks foe this history lesson.

[@jiayizhou323]

Good Video🎉

[@michaelhong2565]

My grandma came from Pontianak and her family owned plantations

[@howsinling5558]

some report that Harry Lee grand parents from Pontianak ; refer to his biography

[@geographerdiary8646]

This is an awesome video!

[@jonc6463]

Very interesting - thank you 🙏

[@jont2576]

i have heard of lanfang republic many times as a south east asian chinese but i thought it just sounded cool........then again there are so many republics in chinese history. even polytechnics have republics in their names.

[@fourpocketfull]

belive it or no, back then my great grandparent is lanfang republic citizen, im from west borneo.

[@parmentier7457]

The Chinese population has always been respected in the Dutch East Indies. Compulsory education was introduced in 1900, but education was segregated. There were European and indigenous schools, but also Chinese schools. In terms of level, the Chinese schools were on par with the European schools. The Chinese could speak their own language and preserve their culture. In 1918, the 'Volksraad' (People's Council) was established to replace the colonial government. The Volksraad consisted of 30 indigenous, 25 Dutch and 5 Chinese members. After independence, the Chinese were seen as traitors because they sympathized with the Dutch. The Europeans were banished from Indonesia, the Chinese were not. But the Chinese had to change their Chinese surname to an Indonesian name and choose a religion. Chinese characters were also banned in public. Ultimately, many Chinese become Christians, but until 1963 many Chinese also fled to the Netherlands. In 1963, Dutch New Guinea was transferred to Indonesia. Until that date, the Netherlands gave everyone in the Republic of Indonesia the last chance to take on Dutch nationality. The Chinese diaspora in the Netherlands consists of a mixture of diasporas from the former Dutch East Indies, Dutch New Guinea, Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean. Moreover, in 1980, many Chinese (refugees) came from South China.

[@quakeroatsisnothealthy]

The gongsi （公司）should be read as kong - see

[@controllerplayer1720]

2:07 Brunie🇧🇳 is not an expansionist because for many centuries and millenium they never expanded its territory even they all have the rights to own Sabah.. the Sultan of Brunie🇧🇳 gave the northern part of Sabah to the Sultan of Sulu but the british monarchs and its oil company that renting the north borneo to Sultan of Sulu they hand over it into Malaysia to extend its territorial colony..

[@dangging]

The remain of Lanfang is still in Singkawang. They are still speaking Hakka and the mayor is Chinese.

[@eltontan4340]

Around that time there was also a Chinese kongsi in the Kingdom of Sarawak up north, during the 1850s the miners started an uprising against James Brooke's government over taxations when they invaded the capital of Kuching but failed to kill Brooke, afterwards Brooke led a troops consist of Dayaks and prusued the miners back to their village where they slaughtered the village with only a few survivors left. According to Facebook, the descendant of James Brooke, Jason Brooke actually visited the village few years ago.

[@shadowmistress999]

I'm a Sarawakian Hakka, I can confirm most rebellion activities throughout China's history were initiated by Hakka 😂 Hakka are so rebellious due to strong code of brotherhood (the Yakuza or Triad kind of stuff). But as a modern Hakka, I strongly condemn their action of burn down the library... bad! could have been a negotiation... but it's a very different context in that era...

[@gorilladisco9108]

@@shadowmistress999 Every group of people have strong code of brotherhood. It's nothing special. What made Hakka special was their history. They came from the northern China to the south of Yangzi river only to find that the lands there were already owned by earlier migrants. So they had to survive by being labors to serve the landowners of the southern China. And for a non landowner, the only way up was education and then work with the government (where the abundant riches at the time were). That's how Hakkas often found themselves in political stations, such as gongsi leader of Lan Fang, head of Taiping rebels, founder of Republic of China, or prime minister of Singapore ... and yes, bosses of Triad.

[@rmtab6511]

Those cities are still 40-50% ethnically Chinese, so I'd say the impact today remains considerable.

[@mslc22]

Actually there another one, and this was in Tuban, Java 1293, called the Shunta Kingdom. Not much know about this. Not even in Indonesian history lesson book. Established by a group of exile army from Song Dinasty.

[@d.b.2215]

Fun fact: "công ty" in Vietnamese also means company / business entity. Yes, it's the same Chinese word, just with a Vietnamese sound change of S to T.

[@BagelBoy97]

I only knew about this country because of EU4 🤣

[@alfarizz2]

for me its EU4 and VIC2 lol.. i forgot what that mod name was

[@arisuryaramadhan]

Tolong bahas Kerajaan Banjar juga. Salah satu kerajaan terbesar di Kalimantan😅

[@video_kendaraan2727]

My Friends called me History Nerd. I never know in the Northern Tip of West Kalimantan Province had a Republic called "Lanfang Republic"

[@BorneoButterfly]

My maternal great great grandparents are from this region. They families were slaughtered and only 2 brothers were young boys treked the jungle and rivers, walked to Bau, Sarawak. According to my grandmother, it ws the Dutch who caused the divide and conquer amongst the locals to kill all Chinese. The Dutch has caused many frictions in order to rule over the locals.

[@stefanoraz27]

My grandma's ancestors are from that area, how interesting

[@karellen4913]

Thanks for sharing this history, this one is too little known. Am Indonesian. I knew this history before because I played Victoria 2 and Victoria 3 lol, and the fact that this country could appear in EU4.

[@tinavalentino9713]

I learn something new with every episode. I’m no expert but that seems quite a long stretch for the Dutch.

[@ibnu7942]

i live my whole life in west borneo and never once i heard about this lol

[@GhostCountries]

Hey, glad you came across the video; actually, I've also been considering doing a comprehensive video about Boreno itself at some point!

[@rochelimit55555]

that's why a lot of Chinese people live in Pontianak

[@andry-borneo]

Also singkawang

[@theEtch]

there were Greek city state republics in anatolia before 400BC and the Roman republic spread as far as Syria republics of Genoa and Venice had their colonies in Crimea (Asia), so it's technically not the first republic in Asia but East Asia most likely, and great video!

[@rickville8898]

Perhaps he meant East and South East Asia

[@whanua98]

he is talking about east asian state in south east asia, so singapore was not the first.

[@rickville8898]

@@whanua98 no he was talking about first republic state in Eastern Asia not East Asian state in Southeast Asia smh

[@whanua98]

@@rickville8898 why is it matters what he says, if you watch the video you would have your own conclusion, it was first east-asian/oriental/sino colony in malay-pasific world predates the European settlement in region even japanese occupation beside the moral discussion about what "colonialism" is, and ppl talk about roman and greece like wtf, the word asian is problematic and racist it includes everybody outside europe, ppl should've used it anymore even in academia, that isolate/damaged us from scientific study.

[@rickville8898]

@@whanua98 and yet you just use term "malay-pacific" world although malays and pacific islanders are two different thing.

[@dunzhen]

Interesting. China throughout several points in history could've taken much of SEA and Australia, fortunately their sense of universalism was mostly inwards

[@GerbenWulff]

For historical context, the choice for a Republic was not so strange as the Dutch were also a republic: The United Republic of the Seven Netherlands aka the United States.

[@kernelpanic7503]

Learning history about indonesia since tarumanagara (400 AD), doho, medang, pajang, singosari, sriwijaya, majapahit, mataram, ducth colonial, japanese event post-independence is about War. Thats why indonesian people call their land as "My Land My Bloodshed"

[@raquetdude]

Knew about the Lanfang Republic… did not know that there is a community in Manchester England that claims to be decedents of said Republic.

[@budimargarito989]

Indonesian archipelago is archipelago and 3 different time zone like west , central and East. East part of Indonesia is part of South west Pacific area

[@0kah645]

You should do the West Indies Federation it’s was a Caribbean Union that ended up collapsing into multiple countries

[@NateVDZ]

*Southeast Asia not East Asia.

[@whanua98]

it was east asia colony in southeast asia, it is east asian state, ret**d

[@varvoom]

Lanfang Republic militias were formed by 14 Kongsi, eventually 14 K, spreading across Asia.

[@dieppeboon9627]

Good information

[@112313]

Never even knew there is such a republic in south east asia....well done ghost

[@gerrygiovan4720]

Well, I become know of Lanfang Republic from Victoria 3 as I play the Dutch east Indies. Frustratingly enough, if you start the game as any other independent nation on Indonesia like Aceh, Siak, among other things, even if you unite every independent nation, the total population would barely reach 3 million. On the other hand, West Java alone on 1836 has a population of 4 million.

[@juniorkohhc]

It’s pronounced as; “Kong Xi” “Kong Xi” as it it’s Cantonese for company… as the same or contemporary to such organizations as The East Indian Company…

[@juniorkohhc]

My ears are bleeding!!!

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

it's not cantonese. it's hokkien la!! tho yes, it is pronounced as kongsi with second syllable like english word see

[@paullai1583]

But hakkas r not cantonese n dont pronounce cantonese style either!

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@paullai1583 the word "kongsi" didnt come from hakka. hakka were not the first to set up kongsi in southeast asia.

[@skylargray455]

Borneo in the 19th century is a pretty odd island politically having two countries formed by foreigners, Lanfang Republic founded by Chinese Kongsi, The Kingdom of Sarawak founded by an Englishman from Devon by the name of James Brooke and a British protectorate named North Borneo which was originally established by an Austro-Hungarian businessman and diplomat named Gustav Overbeck.

[@vertigq5126]

Cool, never heard of this!

[@heriu2901]

Tiong hua di indonesia awal data k3 nusantara berdagang.. dan buruh pekerja yang di bawa kolonial eropa ... Dan mereka ber esimilasi dengan penduduk pribumi...

[@andrewmk8514]

So this explains why there is a sizeable Hakka community in southwestern Sarawak.

[@johnlay3040]

Thank you for spending time to make this video. Most Chinese, even the modern Hakka, don't know the details of the Lanfang Enterprise. It is better known as a business entity rather than a government. In the West, it is known as Chinese colony, within serious academic circle. I have seen it mentioned in a book by a French scholar. However, the extent of Chinese expansion to this geographical area shouldn't make it an unacceptable claim that the South China Sea has been part of China's playground since the time immemorial. The West, the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the new nations in this region totally ignore this historical fact.

[@alexc6926]

This is the definition of colonialism and China constantly claiming territory that isn’t there’s. Just a failed attempt of what they did to dzungar. None of that land or water is yours. You people have no limit

[@johnlay3040]

@@alexc6926 Fancy talking about China, what about America, Australia, NZ, etc. You people has no shame to condemn China.

[@mikhail2446]

Lang Fang is not a nation or a country. It was just a share (Kongsi) or business organization formed by Chinese labors work in mining. West Borneo was under the control of Sambas Sultanate since 1671.

[@agus_medan]

Sambas Sultanate since 1609-1956. But yes, it was just a Chinese labors business federation, nothing much.

[@georgeloh8257]

The name itself " Republic of Lanfang " indicates that it was a government or a nation.

[@kakikakakukaku]

The definition of a country is different three hundred years ago from today.

[@mikhail2446]

@@georgeloh8257 lol. There is thousands organization put republic on their organization name, even until today there are many organization with republic in their name, but they are not a nation. Western Borneo was not a no man land. It was ruled by many different native kingdoms hundreds years before Chinese came. And when Chinese came, Western Borneo were owned and ruled administratively by Sultanate of Sambas from 1609 - 1956. The Dutch recognized and acknowledged this Sultanate, even purchased some of the lands in Western Borneo from them. While Chinese Lang Fang was just bunch of immigrants, not a native, didn't owned any lands, didn't brought any lands from the Sultanate, they just settlers that formed a business organization for themselves. Their rules didn't acknowledged by the Kingdom, Locals, or even the Dutch. That's why Dutch disbanded this useless organization.

[@mikhail2446]

@@kakikakakukakumaybe for China that got cruesed by Mongolians, Brits, and Japan in many years. But for Indonesia or Nusantara, country is owned or controlled and ruled by native kingdoms or administrations. Colonizers, immigrants, etc are just settlers.

[@fedinvestment]

Great

[@velocassini]

The way I found this was because of AoH2 😂 when I was making a scenario I found it kinda odd that there was a republic in 1840s Indonesia, so I was even more surprised when I found out it was actually a Chinese state

[@牧鎌谷得]

Well, Singkawang is now a city with the most percentage of Indonesian-Chinese in Indonesia (if exclude Jakarta), covering around 40% of the population and also nicknamed "The City with 1000 Temples" (kinda like how the population Manado in North Sulawesi is most Christian and nicknamed "The City with 1000 Churches and there's a lot of churches there) and also has the highest number of Chinatowns in Indonesia

[@mfulan7548]

Where are the sources?

[@ptan4120]

Also the Nautuna islands.

[@hungo7720]

Chinese diaspora has held huge clout in Indonesia's political and economic structure. Most behemoth conglomerates are owned by Chinese Indonesians including banks, telecommunication, energy, etc....

[@TheAnonymousKnightOfJustice]

NEVER NAME THEM "CHINESE DIASPORA" only their haters name them that and want them out. The 'conglomerate themselves want to be referred as "Indonesian of Chinese descendants". You sabotage them!😂

[@biggbro9]

90% of Indonesia economy estimated to be controlled by Chinese ethnic.

[@saisamsuri]

@@biggbro9 Not the ones descended from this republic though

[@nameexe7603]

Probably not really related.. I know the descandsnts of the first president of the lanfang republic, low lan pak. Most of them currently reside in malaysia today (peninsular) but every year or so they make a trip back to mandor as some sort of pilgrimage to the leaders of the republic

[@premman6052]

That is why as a native Indonesian from the south eastern state, I am no at all jealous knowing up to 70% of wealth in Indonesia held by Chinese descendants. They truly are the engines of progress for the betterment of Indonesia. Their business ethics are the ones that we native can learn from, but I am saddened by the small racist section of the society who paints the picture of Chinese descendants as not truly Indonesian, hence coins the term "asing-aseng". I think that is just pure stupidity or maybe a little jealous from the so called "pribumi". Every Indonesian regardless of ethnicity should all called "pribumi"

[@joepup8348]

This is fascinating! Never heard of this republic before. It is interesting that a Chinese person not only set up a state across the sea in Indonesia, but that he founded it on fairly democratic principles, holding elections for major governmental positions including head of state and seeking popular consent when enacting policies. Given that this was around the time of the founding of the US and French republics, I'm wondering if he was influenced by the events on the opposite side of the globe and/or Enlightenment and Western political philosophers.

[@aceflaviuskaizokuaugustusc8427]

From what I read the Kongsi federations originally stemmed from traditional Chinese notions of brotherhoods. But there are scholarly debates on whether calling it republicanism or a Chinese style democracy. But facts are it had the meaning of a commercial company but had democratic institutions. Main scholarly arguments are whether the comparisons to western style republicanism are valid

[@YoniBaruch-y3m]

Possibly related to the question of whether the Taiping Rebellion is related to somewhat western ideas taking root in Chinese societies

[@xinjiping2024]

Yohoo ❤ interesting.

[@pekjinoei1042]

It's new information to me...

[@seowsrty]

gong si is basiclly company

[@DujasKasemWilliamJohn]

I know langfang before this video exist

[@anaskhoiri3653]

Reason why West Kalimantan majority is Chinnese

[@Nama-Montana]

fascinating!

[@Nama-Montana]

Did the video mention why the Chinese men stayed and didn't return to mainland China after finishing their job?

[@paslaandre]

Ternyata ada republik Lanfang jauh sebelum Indonesia merdeka. Menagapa hal ini tidak pernah diceritakan dalam pelajaran sejarah Indonesia yang diajarkan sejak SD sampai di tingkat Universitas sekalipun ! Selama ini banyak konten2 buatan anak negeri Indoensia yang selalu mengatakan sejarah yang diajarkan di sekolah2 Indonesia adalah KARANGAN Belanda ! Termasuk keberadaan candi Borobudur yang dibuat oleh kerajaan Mataram kuno (Medang) yang sudah dibuktikan dengan tahun pembuatan berdasarkan prasasti2 yang ditemukan. Memang mengherankan melihat banyaknya keturunan Tionghoa yang mengaku sudah turun temurun yang mereka sendiripun tidak tahu entah sudah berapa generasi sejak nenek moyang mereka bermukim di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Namun ternyata sampai saat sekarang mereka masih menggunakan bahasa nenek moyangnya ( bahasa Kek) di percakapan sehari-hari. Kita bisa melihat di banyak konten2 (video) KZbin yang membahas budaya China yang masih bertahan di Kalimantan Barat. Dan Jika info di video ini benar, ternyata malah bangsa Indonesia sendirilah yang menyembunyikan sejarah sebenarnya dari republik Lanfang yang pernah ada di Indonesia.

[@Ffdipedie]

Indi kalimantan, The three largest kongsi republics were the Lanfang Republic, the Heshun Confederation (Fosjoen), and the Santiaogou Federation (Samtiaokioe) after it had split from the Heshun.[1]

[@anythingwrez2932]

It doesn't say in Indonesia's history, as an Indonesian i just knew

[@852plm]

It was some 800+ years ago, so for many generations there were intermarry with locals.

[@alex_ho]

The country everyone discovered from Vicky 2, honestly I'm surprised as many people know about it as they do from Indonesia, that country isn't the most kind towards its Chinese population, or that there were still a significant Chinese population there after everything

[@sutediheriyonoBaladMaUng]

I've read the story from the Indonesia magazine (msybe TEMPO or INTISARI) long time ago (maybe at 90's). They have alots of photograph about lanfang republic. Old story and burried in my mind until now at 2024.

[@apolakigamingandmore6376]

I always thought that the First Philippine Republic was the first one in Asia in 1898. I think if we talk about an organized Republic, then the First Philippine Republic is one. With a written constitution, formal independence, and a standing army. Americans during the Philippine - American War subjugated the last Filipino soldier in 1913, which the war started in 1899.

[@cyrusmarikitph]

7:59 This clip is actually the Chinatown of Manila, and not in Indonesia. I know this because of our own motorised tricycles as well as three-letter four-digit license plates.

[@4n4Queen]

Fun fact : Pontianak is a name for a ghost in malay language.

[@MGharriy]

In malay only

[@andry-borneo]

There is a name for pontianak in chinese