Chronic Kidney Disease, Animation

(USMLE topics) Pathology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of CKD.
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Voice by: Ashley Fleming
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Chronic kidney disease, CKD, is a gradual loss of renal function, typically developing over the course of months or years. Many conditions, both within and outside the kidneys, can cause progressive damage to the kidneys over time, leading to CKD. Of these, most common are diabetes and hypertension, both of which directly damage blood vessels within the kidney, destroying renal tissue. An acute kidney injury, if not completely resolved, may also become chronic kidney disease.
The severity of renal disease is evaluated based on glomerular filtration rate, GFR, an indicator of how well the blood is filtered by the kidneys. GFR is calculated as a function of serum creatinine, a waste product that accumulates in blood plasma when renal function declines. The calculation takes into account the patient’s age, gender and race.
Symptoms develop slowly over time, progressing from renal insufficiency to end-stage renal failure. Often, initial loss of renal tissue does not produce any symptoms, because the remaining healthy tissue becomes more active and can temporarily compensate for the loss, a phenomenon known as renal adaptation. Symptoms appear when a significant portion of kidney function is already lost. The ability to concentrate urine is usually the first to be impaired, resulting in frequent trips to the bathroom, especially at night. Other early signs include fatigue, loss of appetite, and decreased mental ability.
Because the kidneys remove metabolic wastes, control blood pH and fluid/electrolyte balance, as well as produce several hormones, loss of kidney function may result in a number of complications:
- Accumulation of toxic nitrogenous wastes can cause a range of symptoms, from nausea, vomiting to confusion and seizures.
- Reduced excretion of hydrogen ions leads to increased blood acidity, or metabolic acidosis.
- Reduced excretion of potassium results in potassium overload in the blood, or hyperkalemia, which may cause cardiac arrhythmias. Hyperkalemia usually occurs only in advanced stage, but excessive potassium intake or use of drugs that prevent potassium excretion, may precipitate the condition in earlier stages.
- Decreased excretion of phosphate results in hyperphosphatemia.
- Reduced renal production of calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, contributes to low blood calcium level, or hypocalcemia. Low blood calcium stimulates production of parathyroid hormone, PTH, by the parathyroid gland. PTH promotes calcium release from bones in an attempt to raise blood calcium. This sequence eventually leads to an overactive parathyroid gland, or secondary hyperparathyroidism, which can develop before hypocalcemia occurs. As the bones continuously lose calcium to the blood, they become thin and weakened, a condition known as renal osteodystrophy. Symptoms include bone and joint pain, and increased risks of fractures.
- Reduced renal secretion of erythropoietin, a stimulating factor for red blood cell formation, can lead to anemia.
Diagnosis is based on renal function tests, which include blood and urine analysis. Ultrasound is performed to detect renal obstruction. It may also help in distinguishing chronic kidney disease from acute kidney injury based on kidney size.
Treatments aim to control the underlying condition, address the complications, and involve certain nutrition supplements and restrictions. End-stage kidney disease requires dialysis or kidney transplantation.

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

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[@benlambert6937]

thank you very much for this wonderful video. my friend had advanced stage kidney disease, he battled with it for months and was able to overcome it. he documented his experience and cure he used to overcome it on medium . Thank God he is doing fine now and healthy. To anybody still having challenges with kidney disease, I pray you overcome it.

[@rosearmstrong3612]

I think you all should contact Doctor Salami on youtube he's the best, I just got cured from herpes virus using his herbal medicine. Contact him today for any type cure you need.

[@Ambimags.]

Amen. My mother is battling now

[@shreyasworld5565]

@@Ambimags. is she alright

[@unorthodox280]

im 18 still battleing it since june last year hope wveryone overcome it and get past it

[@harveydorsey7329]

What did your friend use to overcome it?

[@Dr.UchihaMD]

You should be so much proud of these videos, since they are the best on you tube about medicine. I'm really thankful and I hope you'll keep on doing them as many as you can. It will be a pleasure for me to be one of your patreon as soon as possible. Sincerely, Gian Marco.

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Thank you :), and will keep doing our best :)

[@Hamzakilife2004]

Yeah agree These indian folks destroy my both kidney to failure Now I have my father kidney (4 month transplant)

[@healthrelated3553]

I think its important for us to learn more about kidney disease and videos like this really help us to learn more

[@mandamorris7934]

I so needed this information. I'm just a lay person, and may be odd, but this made good sense and was just detailed enough that I understood it. Thank you so much for this presentation. I'm a newly diagnosed but stage 4 patient and I'm scrambling to do the right thing.

[@mariadonadex9418]

1 month ago I was diagnosed with CANCER in 2020 and I have tried everything I can to cure myself, but all to no avail, until I saw a post in a health forum about a herbalist who prepared herbal medicines to cure all kinds of diseases, including CANCER, at first I doubted if it was real, but decided to give it a try, when I contacted this herbalist through his email and he prepared me a herbal cure for CANCER and sent it to me through the company's service UPS delivery, when I received this herbal cure. , gave me step by step instructions on how to apply it, when I applied it according to the instructions, I was totally cured of this deadly disease within 5 months of use, I am now CANCER free, all thanks to Dr. edosa. you may also need his help. maria donadex

[@Hamzakilife2004]

How are now?

[@katlehosapheza7199]

Thank you

[@raynaboyarsky4591]

I love this channel. Thank you!

[@shahabuddin6149]

Wow really a great lecture,thanks alote you clear my concept now keep it up

[@KentBillzee]

Thank you.. This help my chronic kideny.

[@SuperPuddingFish]

Literally the best medical videos on youtube, BY FARRRRR

[@bukaIapak]

Not really...

[@mty6391]

excellent vid.

[@ebbee1907]

Hey this video is very helpfull. If you have time, can you make an animation for what happens to the ckd if didn't get a any treatment such as transplant, dialysis or etc?

[@wilfredbasquial2341]

Starting January next year, I’m gonna stop taking medicine for my gout and stage 4 kidney disease because I have withdrawn my last penny on my account after 4 years w/out income. Goodbye cruel world. Hope to find pease and comfort in the after life.

[@Ellie-ug2rw]

Reborn again w lord Jesus Christ and you will live for ever w a glorified body As the Bible promise to everyone that confessed Jesus is the son of God. This world evil heaven is a better place only when god decide when is your time to go.

[@Ellie-ug2rw]

Hi how are you? How you doing w your kidney’s hope everything is better for you … I will pray 🙏 for you

[@M00159]

@@Ellie-ug2rwThey never responded…

[@swarna1065]

Iove alila medical media😍

[@messageinabottle8978]

Hey!😃 I'm interested to know if anyone is doing any research with ph. Some renal issues are related to calcium deposits. Vinegar in household plumbing dissolves calcium deposits and I am interested in the effects of vinegar and renal issues and recent experiments involving pH if you know of any.

[@Rishabh729]

I'm having sharp pain in both the kidney pain in legs cramps in abdomen sometimes in chest

[@Rishabh729]

@superhuman girl it was related to nerve

[@brandinelson5765]

I know of a doctor who will help you get rid of it permanently

[@Rishabh729]

@@brandinelson5765 please share

[@brandinelson5765]

Doctors whatsApp info :[phone]

[@brandinelson5765]

@@Rishabh729 kindly send me your email address so I can forward it to the doctor

[@user-ws5cw5wg2f]

any one guide plz that my left kidney is weak so i want to do tests that how many working of my left kidney so which test i do. So please tests names guide.

[@mariadonadex9418]

1 month ago I was diagnosed with CANCER in 2020 and I have tried everything I can to cure myself, but all to no avail, until I saw a post in a health forum about a herbalist who prepared herbal medicines to cure all kinds of diseases, including CANCER, at first I doubted if it was real, but decided to give it a try, when I contacted this herbalist through his email and he prepared me a herbal cure for CANCER and sent it to me through the company's service UPS delivery, when I received this herbal cure. , gave me step by step instructions on how to apply it, when I applied it according to the instructions, I was totally cured of this deadly disease within 5 months of use, I am now CANCER free, all thanks to Dr. edosa. you may also need his help. maria donadex

[@irfanbeg4301]

S created KFT B UREA

[@jayprakash9525]

Caretinam ka barna kya batata he

[@judithombay3806]

Guys if you have CKD always used warm water for drink...all the time...and dont let feel cold your stomach do not drink cold.

[@internalmedicinelovers6348]

can someone tell CKD patient how much urine output in 24hr?

[@adrainnewborn5681]

CKD5 January 2021 uncontrolled blood pressure

[@M00159]

How are you doing now?

[@Hamzakilife2004]

Now

[@Hamzakilife2004]

I have kidney transplant 4 month ago Now I have 2.01 creatinine And did biopsy etc now becoming normal according to doctor (I was in ckd 2011-2023) But what about you

[@Hamzakilife2004]

I think you wrote new born in your name Because you also get transplant or How you doing now? Curious

[@navikumari8813]

Calcitonin helps to reduce the calcium level If calcitonin production reduce how hypocalcaemia occure ?? May be it hypercalcaemia because calcitonin does not reduce the level of calcium and it will increase Please solve my doubt 🧐

[@noraenriquez8931]

ako maam high blood stroke noong sumakit nagpa check up ako sa doctor binigyan ako ng gamot bakit kulay orange ng ihi ko anong gagawin ko salamat

[@rohitbajaj2410]

Hello everyone!!!! Make sure for the symptoms and follow the instructions properly... Change your lifestyle and diet... You can take brahmi capsules for better management and recovery that too naturally.... Practise yoga and meditation regularly which will keep you calm and relaxed

[@user-ll2ht4rq6u]

فيه عربي

[@sahimshaikh5006]

There's no freaking way that Doctors could cure it but just prescribe supplements they ain't no doing nothing to stop the kidney loss. I was diagnosed with CKD in the very early stages and had creatinine level of 2.5 now I have 18.0 and my doctor now got me on a life long dialysis after doing every right thing to save my kidneys but now I have a new hope after using medications of a new doctor of homeopathic.

[@rohitbajaj2410]

Dear Sahim Shaikh, try using Planet Ayurveda's Revive kidney pack for advanced stages. I've seen its amazing results on my aunt.

[@mohiman5242]

Sahim Bhai,for how many years you have been suffering from CKD??

[@sumanjohn794]

Rome

[@burakdeveli2121]

:)