A video showing how to do AC analysis of a common emitter amplifier. AC analysis involves figuring out the voltage gain, the input impedance and the output impedance of the amplifier.
Пікірлер: 334
@jakerankin89232 жыл бұрын
If anyone is wondering why the output impedance is found by treating Rc as if its in series with the load when its clearly in parallel in the diagram, its because in the simplified amplifier model (the triangle) we model the output as a thevinin equivalent circuit with the output impedance being the thevinin equivalent resistance. Its kind of unexplained in the video but him opening up the current source is just the usual step you take to finding thevinen resistance, which ends up being just Rc. And so when you put together the output as a thevinin equivalent circuit in the final model you have Zout as Rc in series with the load. Very helpful video by the way i just wanted to clear this up because it stumped me for a while
@mohammadalabbas7064 Жыл бұрын
Can you illustrate more. And what do you mean by thevinin equivalent circuit ?
@gammersunity41176 ай бұрын
you what's even more treacherous, the fact that a forward baised diode on a voltage divider circuit gives of a .637mV out put that means the whole time Ve is just .637mV, since base to emitter junction is a forward biased.
@baustin46615 жыл бұрын
my god, you explained this much more clear than my microelectronics professor. bless your soul.
@Kevin234110 жыл бұрын
Good video, confirmed a different method I learned for solving these beasts. Highly satisfying when you make your calculations, build it, and your in a close ballpark to actual values.
@bjarneb38908 жыл бұрын
best series on BJT's possible, i've learned alot and it all makes sense now, thank you very much
@louisnkotto7023 Жыл бұрын
Eleven years later I come across this masterpiece. Thank you so much
@shuyuchen30804 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much David, this cleared my doubt for long time and thanks to people who asked the question about Re, since I got the same questions!!
@Ancientlaws9 жыл бұрын
Very clean and well done...thank you!
@ElectronXLab9 жыл бұрын
Ancient lawz thanks for the comment. I appreciate the feed back.
@user-ww2lc1yo9c8 жыл бұрын
+David Williams I did not understand the Rin part, why not do Vin/Iin for the 24.4k ohm resistor at the input too but do it for the 20.36k ohm??? what is going on here dude?
@RexxSchneider2 жыл бұрын
@@user-ww2lc1yo9c It's a mistake. The ac input impedance of the transistor is β x re or 150 x 20.36 = 3K. Put that in parallel with the 24K and you'll get sensible answers.
@Pechette-19113 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much ! Your videos helped me tremendously in understanding this topic, and the use of "t-model" is a lot more easier to work with.
@RTD5538 жыл бұрын
Great explanation - the best I've seen on KZbin.
@jessmac18935 жыл бұрын
Great video and explanation. Very clear. I wish I’d found your videos weeks ago. Subscribed and bookmarked
@hermandjens82543 жыл бұрын
I know you made this vidio many years ago, but it helped me understand the effect of impedance today thank you!
@darkstar7957 жыл бұрын
If only my prof could explain as well as you did! Thanks!
@sarahsshadow9 жыл бұрын
You are going to save me in my christmas exams... great tutorial, thank you!
@thePrinceOfPurpose9 жыл бұрын
You are very good at explaining electronics. Thank you for posting this video.
@renruida9 жыл бұрын
Great Tutorial. Finally understood how these things work
@Foxkoun9 жыл бұрын
Between your video and alot of back and forth in the book I'm much more confident about this material.
@fleabites9 жыл бұрын
Brilliantly explained, thank you!
@qaderexpert43163 жыл бұрын
best explanation, you made everything simple and clear. Thank you so much
@davyemak40809 жыл бұрын
Thanks you sir!! Clear explanation with the best audio and visual effect!! More easy to understand than the explanation of my lecturer at institute!!!
@sky_kryst7 жыл бұрын
There are very few professors who can explain this with such simplicity. And thank god you're on the internet!
@samuellutaama36672 жыл бұрын
true
@benji500511 жыл бұрын
you are a great teacher. these are wonderful tutorials
@elektronikcikamil51010 жыл бұрын
Dear David Williams, That's very useful video. Thanks much. Peace be with you, Best regards from Türkiye
@sbybill32715 жыл бұрын
I studied electeonics but never developed such clarity. Thank you very much indeed.
@StRaNgEr559962 жыл бұрын
Hay brother
@hbrt3358 жыл бұрын
To those asking where the RE went in the AC analysis, it was shorted by the bypass capacitor. Capacitors are shorted in AC and therefore current passe through the shorted component to avoid the resistance.
@ahmedroshdy44655 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much David , i've Quiz Tomorrow and this video helps me a lot .
@Ben-no9zd10 жыл бұрын
Appreciate Dave, diamond clear explaination
@endod87087 жыл бұрын
Man this is the best tutorial i have ever seen . thanks a lot. i have exam after an hour.I knew nothing before watching this :D
@anabrr Жыл бұрын
haha how did that go?
@321reh9 жыл бұрын
Very Good Explanation!!! This was an Enjoyable Video..Thanks For The Refresher!!!!( For myself)
@dylantootle25628 жыл бұрын
Thanks for these videos brother! I would be screwed on my exam if I didn't find these.
@vinaychetnani9 жыл бұрын
great help .thanka for this fabulous video ,it clear all my doubts
@FungSit10 жыл бұрын
Very clear explanation. Thank you!
@juanacosta90498 жыл бұрын
BRO!!! I have learned a lot more from you than from my whole electronics semester at school. I FUCKING LOVE YOU! So clear and you explain every detail... keep it up man, I wish I could take back that tuition money and give it to you LOL
@deuce-way14404 жыл бұрын
This made things so simple! thanks!
@hyperioccantos12 жыл бұрын
You've got a great voice for tutorials. My circuit professors are Indian, and they always sound like they're shouting and angry when they explain these things.
@ElectronXLab12 жыл бұрын
@tunicana thanks for the comments. I love hearing that these videos are useful
@hawaslianas4 жыл бұрын
You are a great teacher
@nickharrison37485 жыл бұрын
Thank you..You r clearing the concepts
@katrinajhoanne10313 жыл бұрын
These are so helpful! Thank you so much!
@nomsamnguni9224 жыл бұрын
This was very helpful. Thank you so much!
@eugenepohjola2588 ай бұрын
Howdy again. I was wrong. You and JohnAudioTech are correct. Rc is the output impedance. Then the output signal is ½ the unloaded and most power is transferred. I remembered JAT's reply wrongly. Regards.
@youcefGRAINAT4 жыл бұрын
well done Mr.David !
@bluemooncomplex11 жыл бұрын
Thank you for providing this to everyone :)
@ElectronXLab11 жыл бұрын
The quick answer is that at high enough frequencies a capacitor looks like a short circuit. At low enough frequencies, a capacitor looks like an open circuit. The deeper reason is that a capacitor presents a reactance to the signal which is an opposition to a change in voltage. The reactance of a capacitor is equal to 1/(2*pi*f) where f is the frequency. As the frequency increases, the reactance of the capacitor decreases.
@Knightmetal12 жыл бұрын
Nice videos by the way, keep them coming!!!
@adit2558 жыл бұрын
Spot On..! Glad to have Found out this Video. Amazing
@dujemarasovic57613 жыл бұрын
fortnite
@ElectronXLab11 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the compliment!
@samuellutaama36672 жыл бұрын
I want to say this video has made me understand transistors more
@ElectronXLab2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad to hear it
@Xpid0711 жыл бұрын
very good tutorial! thanks so much!
@MsWaterdude9 жыл бұрын
You're the best, thank you.
@elkhanmammadli99824 жыл бұрын
Genious, appreciate the explanation
@tunicana12 жыл бұрын
thank you very much sir williams, your explanations are very helpfull.Every video upload make me a happy student.greetings from Montreal
@alil84197 жыл бұрын
thank u my good sir . this was amazing
@nicholaszammit82739 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! Subscribed.
@hammerphilosopher12 жыл бұрын
thank you so much for the video!
@Rad6316 жыл бұрын
This is excellent thank you
@Neerajjain75875 жыл бұрын
Well explained..Thanks!
@nissyniharika90796 жыл бұрын
thank you sir ..well explained!!
@khally1612 жыл бұрын
Superb Tutorial! Very Very Helpful and Useful... Thanx for sharing the Knowledge!
@culture1016 жыл бұрын
Thanks bro, i'll be better prepared for my exam now.
@vincedelima75157 жыл бұрын
nice ..crystal clear explanation..
@Scrogan4 жыл бұрын
Nicely done! I would prefer to get out a general-purpose equation for gain in terms of source and load impedances, and the resistors and source voltages being used, but perhaps that’s one of those exercises better left to the viewer. In any case, CE-amplifiers are a lot more demystified as far as I’m concerned.
@RexxSchneider2 жыл бұрын
Sure. If Rs is the source impedance, Rl is the load impedance, Zin is the amplifier input impedance, Zout is the amplifier output impedance, and Av is the amplifier open-loop gain, then the overall gain is given by: Zin/(Zin+Rs) x Av x (Rl/(Rl + Zout). For a well-designed common emitter stage, Av will equal -Rc/Re; Zin will approximately equal the lower base bias resistance, and Zout will equal the collector resistance. Unfortunately, the circuit in the video doesn't fit my definition of "well-designed".
@pratyushanand198112 жыл бұрын
Amazing tutorial...you should do more tutorials
@santharaopenumala69663 жыл бұрын
really useful sir..thank you
@allaryyan66089 жыл бұрын
perfect explaination
@88NA Жыл бұрын
really helpful video
@timothyolsen30418 жыл бұрын
Dear David,I really like this video, as well as your video on the emitter follower circuit. I just had one question on this circuit: Could you please tell me how to determine the peak AC current leaving the amplifier? The reason I am asking is I am trying to combine an emitter follower with a common emitter. I see now how to find the output impedance of the amplifier, and how to get Vout. Would the outward current just be Vout/amplifier output impedance?Thanks,Tim
@refaymohamed29604 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your efforts .. If we applied this circuit c emmiter to the radio frequency via a resonant circuit, we know that the signal will be inverted 180 degrees. Can we receive the signal in the reception circuit and be mirrored, or should it be the same as the phase ?
@SamB8644 жыл бұрын
very good, thanks
@mohfa18068 жыл бұрын
Hello David ...great great video as usual..... when you reached to the part about finding the gain , input and output impedance , i got lost since i am missing basic theory about this matter . can you guide me to a link/links that i could learn the basic theory about how to calculate the gain , input and output impedance of any circuit ....thx alot
@ElectronXLab11 жыл бұрын
I use OneNote for drawing and camtasia to capture and edit the screencast.
@sheharyarsamad7258 жыл бұрын
one thing I didn't get is, why didn't you take the emitter resistance in series with re in T model ??
@sarahmajin5358 Жыл бұрын
Thank you for your video. Please how do you find the frequency of the output?
@DouglasThomsonDorset11 жыл бұрын
Great video David. What's the correct starting point to calculate your resistor values and pick a suitable transistor?
@CalebePriester6 жыл бұрын
I wanna build a small practice guitar amp for me, but I did not know it was going to be hard so hard, damn! However I am enjoying research and learn...
@ElectronXLab11 жыл бұрын
Output swing refers to the maximum and minimum voltage that the output reaches. I have a list of video ideas that I would like to create. I'll add clampers to the list, but don't expect it too soon.
@ElectronXLab12 жыл бұрын
Load impedances for audio systems are usually 4 or 8 ohms, so common emitter amplifiers are not used for driving speakers. Amplifiers are used in many different types of applications that have higher load impedances. Also common emitter amplifiers are single stage amplifiers and are often found as part of a multistage amplifier system.
@RexxSchneider2 жыл бұрын
On the contrary, a pure Class-A amplifier will have a common emitter stage as its output, and many high-quality audio amplifiers use that, although they may use an active collector load to improve the open loop gain. There are plenty of examples on the web.
@ExceptionH12 жыл бұрын
thank you so so so much
@theturkz20123 жыл бұрын
I am going to write your name in my diploma man!!! Thank you :)
@jshiva310 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the video. I got a doubt in between which goes..why can't we use a hybrid pi model in the AC equivalent of the transistor instead of the T model you have used? (using a Hie in b/w E and B and current source of Hfe(Ib) btw C and E..here the emitter is grounded due to the bipass. ) PS : can you make any videos on MOS amplifiers?? please, it'd be of a lot of help to guys like me :)
@bertytrek6 жыл бұрын
great explanation, thanks
@ElectronXLab6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the comment. I appreciate it
@sphericalwave9 жыл бұрын
Helpful! Thx!
@ElectronXLab11 жыл бұрын
The midband AC gain of a common emitter amplifier is equal to about -Rc/(re+RE). When you bypass the emitter resistor (RE) with a capacitor, you are making RE invisible from an AC point of view (i.e you are bypassing it). This makes the gain equal to about -Rc/re
@RexxSchneider2 жыл бұрын
That's only true when Xc (the reactance of the capacitor) is negligible compared to re. For slightly lower frequencies, the ac gain is -Rc/(re + Xc) as long as Xc
@AlphaCrucis11 жыл бұрын
I think it might be open because ib is zero since there is no voltage source on the left when considering output impedance.
@xMrJanuaryx7 жыл бұрын
This video was somewhat helpful however I think it will fall short for most students studying the concepts. In the future could you make a video that describes the circuit in much more detail. For instance, the effects of the capacitors? What are the poles and zero's of each capacitor. How can one find the gain when taking them into consideration?
@felixdaedalus342411 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this video! Very informative. Just want to ask what will happen if there is no resistor 600 ohms.
@mutaenha9 жыл бұрын
+David Williams Why did put 600 ohms for the value of the input resistor instead of 600 Kohms in the r model?
@eugenepohjola2589 ай бұрын
Howdy. Absolutely Great. However. The output impedance is 2 x the collector resistor. JohnAudioTech corrected me on that point. And I verified it yesterday. I used T1 = BC109, Rc = 10 k, Re = 1 k, Rb1 = 47 k and Rb2 = 12 k. B+ was 9 V. DC work point was about 4,2 V on the collector. Loading the collector with Rload = 22 k the Uload dropped to 1/sqrt2 of the unloaded value (-3dB). 1 kHz sine wave. With a fixed Rc this is the most energy efficient transfer of power. So. I say. Zout = 2 x Rc. But of course. Designing the stage for a smaller output impedance will increase the load power. Yes. But the stage will consume way more power that what is gained over the load. Regards.
@95_Ends4 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot!
@astorina5 жыл бұрын
I believe Zin is not 2.714 kilo ohms but only ohms , i apologise if i am wrong Video is , aside this detail, very good Thank you from brussels
@MirzaMutahir9 жыл бұрын
Love you!
@ilkertalatcankutlucan325710 жыл бұрын
Davidica - Master Of Circuits
@anandhapremalal648310 жыл бұрын
very important tutorial
@JDArtagnanAO8 жыл бұрын
i like very much of you channel and give my like and already make a question? if VC(power supply) is connected thru a diode, r1 and r2 resistors calculation remain a parallel model??? the computation of about all circuit still the same??? sorry by my poor english!!!
@abdulfatahabubakar91918 жыл бұрын
definitely helpful thnx
@sprihagupta1111 жыл бұрын
thank you for clearing my (silly)doubt!
@ishaqnisath28199 жыл бұрын
thanks bro...................
@a00000z1008 жыл бұрын
Hi, thank you for the tutorial i really like it. just a question. when you found Av gain which is equal to Vout / Vin. i believe that Vout should be Rc || RL because they are in parallel. am i right ? thank again sir
@34rocco11 жыл бұрын
Great video! What program did you use to make this video? and what program are you using to draw with?
@mrcastor90938 жыл бұрын
Hello, can you give an explanation about the input and output impedances? What are those and when or why should someone take them in consideration?
@Inkieto925 жыл бұрын
what circuit schematic software did you build this on?