Composite Armor: increasing protection, with less weight

Composite Armor: Background, Practical Demonstration, and Why it Works
Composite armor using ceramics is a well known concept in tanks (ex. Chobham Armor), and armored vehicles. I'm going to give the background, description of how it works, and test out the concept in a practical exercise that is way more than a flimsy excuse to go shoot stuff in the woods...

[@mrunites6953]

Ceramic or composite armor needs to be contained in a pressure confining matrix to have effective stopping power. This way it makes max use of its hardness, compr. strength and minimizes shatter.

[@alex.toader]

I just came to write this and thought, surely someone needs to know this too :). So - if the ceramic is not contained, the bullet spreads it at impact - there is almost no resistance. If not contained, you are only testing the impact resistance which is minimal while the ceramic real residence is the fact that if you cant spread it away - it is very abrasive - even if it is shattered. It is the same principle as the bulletproof glass - it has a film attached to the glass so the glass is not leaving the impact area. You could redo the experiment and attach a film to the ceramic plates - even this small improvement I think will produce a huge difference in results.

[@grantavakjan9488]

Yeah, but it would shatter anyway. The main power of that is the thermal resistance

[@MarkBerenger]

@@grantavakjan9488 You dont understand physics lol. It doesn't matter if it shatters and there is no reason to mention "thermal resistance" because that's not what is stopping the bullet lol. Go read a fkn book 😂

[@socotroquito2007]

I think if he paints the ceramic tile or coats with acrylic or neoprene will be contained , one study on steel armor in WWI found that varnished steel was more effective armor than crude steel, of course Ceramics pulverize and decrease speed and heat transfer

[@God-ch8lq]

​@@grantavakjan9488its harder than the enemy projectile the enemy projectile shatters as well, and it shatters faster, so after it went through the ceramic, there isnt much projectile left

[@jhonfloibelmiculob6581]

This guy talks like infomercial host promoting a product in front of camera.

[@kayagorzan]

But wait, there’s more

[@elijahaitaok8624]

Nah,to me he talk like the propaganda MC in those ww2 to late Cold War era informational videos

[@otneyat]

buy our composite products now!

[@ministermacro]

Protections agains shaped charge. Germany: Metal Side Skirts USA: Sandbags USSR: INFANTRY

[@a.e.richardson218]

if they can't get close your tank will live -ussr

[@TheAttacker732]

It also bears mentioning that the side skirts on Panzers were originally to help protect against AT rifles & HMGs. Even the Panther had a few spots on the lower hull that a PTRD or PTRS could punch through. The skirts destabilized the bullet, limiting its penetrating power.

[@thecanadiankiwibirb4512]

Rama Davy The Russian method of protection is actually the most effective😂 Most of the panzerfausts produced were the panzerfaust 60, which had a max range of 200 meters, and had to be fired in the open due to the back blast. The Infantry would dismount and screen the tank, making it impossible for infantry to sneak up and ambush it. Meanwhile, the Schutzen and sandbags have been proven to do nothing to disrupt shaped charge warheads, as the schurtzen are not far enough away from the tank for the molten jet to loose power, and the sandbags have the same problem.

[@viperhunter7951]

@@thecanadiankiwibirb4512 I don't know if you are talking about another variant of the panzerfaust or something but, panzerfausts' don't have a backblast, as they don't have an opening in the back of the chasis of the launcher, unlike their big brother the panzershrek. Also the panzerfaust are recoil-less, they were made that way, which is another reason why they were so deadly on the battlefield either against tanks or ground-troops.

[@Silverized84]

well, add that the t-34 till the 85mm gun were blind as a bat and the commander hatch open in front of him, those eyes did help a lot

[@martinkominek6712]

Sure you lack the high end video tools, but you substitute that with clear explanation and well thought script. You got extra points for using both metric and imperial units as well as percentage comparison. Really good video.

[@razor1uk610]

metric & imperial, ...I wonder if he's Canadian then ??

[@martinkominek6712]

@@razor1uk610 Maybe he is. Maybe he just keeps in mind the audience is from all over the world

[@ryanj610]

Honestly looks like he just forget what ratio to put it all in... it's verticallly squished, but the black bars are still there.

[@roonbare2769]

I deducted points for being tainted by Satan's metric system . Rather than the God given proper system.

[@TheRomanRuler]

@@martinkominek6712 You mean from all over the world, Liberia, Myanmar or country which put man on the moon using metric system after their own system failed.

[@mervyn0890]

Nobody: Union of Soviet Socialist Republic: infantry composite armour

[@tatersmama32]

The Soviet byus is real

[@lpflore]

That one was actually a meme made for a history meme forum I think, I had to laugh do hard when I saw it here

[@grayhantzell1957]

The power of motherland russia

[@phunkracy]

Isnt that just modern body armor though

[@Angel24Marin]

@@lpflore The infantry on top was meant to spot an neutralize ambush soldiers with a rocket launcher as they range was limited. They also used improvised bed frames and fences as mesh screens to entangle or prematurely detonate the heat.

[@Space_Aquila]

Huh, the glas worked better then I expected... Nice Vid. :D

[@AceDan-gc9po]

Glass is very hard so the round has to shatter the entire plate to penetrate hence its effectiveness.

[@vale.44peru]

Glass is heavily used in composite armor manufacturing, also thanks to its effectiveness against the molten jet of HEAT charges, for example the Russians used a certain type of glass in the armor of the T-64 (or T-72 one of those, can’t remember exactly).

[@inwedavid6919]

@@vale.44peru Yes and first leclerc generation use it too, a very dense one. Just note that ceramic used in tank armor is a very high density one, with many heat absorbant, more like the space shuttle ceramic was and is mainly effective against Heat round.

[@sierrawhiskey5155]

@@AceDan-gc9po effective body armour can be made from fibre glass too

[@hughsmith7504]

I love how the Russian answer was just add infantry to the outside of the tank

[@lycossurfer8851]

That takes body armor to another level.......

[@joe125ful]

Space armor* :)

[@guyfrompoland1358]

Germany: armor screns US: sand bags USSR: body armor

[@βασιλεύς-υ9η]

@@guyfrompoland1358 More like worlds first Active Protection System

[@JarlBSoD]

The Russians sometimes employed a tactic where they had infantry riding tanks in to battle, they were not suposed to be seen as armour rather than extra protection against enemy infantry untill they hit the final point where the infantry is jumping off the tank and proceed to fight along side it. This gave the tank some extra defences against enemy anti tank infantry since you had muliple guns and eyes firing in more directions than the tank alone could, and it allso enabled the infantry to get to the main asault quicker. Outside of combat infantry often rode tanks as transports in to battle. If an enemy tank fired on those infantrymen their bodies would do bugg all as protection to the tank realy seing as human bodies are not realy that effectiv at stoping fast moving tankshells so that was not why they were there.

[@unix1033]

Russia's protection against shaped charge attacks: **I N F A N T R Y P R O T E C T I O N**

[@racelkatyusha403]

its soviet union

[@stefanoprisan6879]

People body are less expensive than tanks....

[@jeremiasastorga8399]

It's hard to shoot panzerfaust at a tank when its got people on top shooting back at you.

[@jimhenry1262]

The only problem was the Panzer Faust and Panzer Schrek were extremely successful against the Russian Tanks. One small SS unit in the last days of Berlin, destroyed over 150 russian tanks over just a few days.

[@jeremiasastorga8399]

And they still lost the war, so I guess it didn't matter how good it was.

[@mortenize2775]

This video is just awesome! It was almost professional and very informative. Despite the fact that I am familiar with the historical context and the theoretical effects of Composite Armor, I was never able to experience it in practice. Due to the fact that I can't legally get a gun in my country, I couldn't test it myself. Seeing the results in your video including the data in the graph was so fulfilling. You put so much effort into this video and it was definitely worth it. I think it is understandable even for people who are not familiar with the topic. Explaining what Composite Armor is and why it exists and what the effects are helps a lot to get in. I am very impressed with the video and would like to thank you very much. Especially because I asked for it in the comments of one of your previous videos and you answered and made this video :)

[@ihatecandy02]

Come to America, we can own pretty much any rifle. The general public is armed well

[@matovicmmilan]

@@ihatecandy02 That's how it should be! And not like right now when I can't obtain the AK made in my country, but can only see it exported to the US???

[@Tankliker]

@@matovicmmilan AKs can't be exported directly from Russia to the USA. Also, how many crimes with guns happen in Russia yearly and how many in Russia?

[@matovicmmilan]

@@Tankliker Yeah, that ban was introduced in 2014 as part of sanctions. I'm not from Russia, I live in Serbia. I'm not sure about the rate of crimes involving firearms tbh?

[@Tankliker]

@@matovicmmilan Yeah, the worldwide crime rate in countrys with gun regulations is as whole lower then crimes related with guns in the USA. More guns doesn´t automatically mean more safety, more guns mean more people that could kill others. For example, in 2016 Brazil had the highest deathrate of all countrys, followed from the USA. The funny thing is, Brazil has a big crime problem and neighbouring countries also have high crime rates, you can easily see how the gun deaths are caused. THe USA on the other side is maybe the largest world economy right now, is mostly stable and also has no crime problems in the sizes of middle and south america, but still claims secound place at the list. The whole "good guy with gun, bad guy with gun" logic is completetly bullshit. Jsut imagen "no guy with gun" for example, the possibility that somebody could potenially shot somebody is zero. Also the argument that the counter shoter jsut has to react fast enought and stay calm is only possibly if the perosn knows what she´s doing, a policeman or soldier for example is trained to stay calm in such situation and can mostly react fast enougth. People that don´t have such role as the ploiceman or soldier mostly don´t have the reaction time or the experince to stay calm, even if they have a weapon. THe changes are even high that they maybe shot others. Next thing would be that the shoter maybe cannot be identified because if everybody has a gun and you couldn´t identify the shoter from the start then maybe everybody that has a gun can potenionally become the murderer.

[@Welterino]

I am completely surprised by the tempered glass performance, I thought it wouldn't do shit but it actually worked. Remember that in a tank the material cannot escape through the sides so the projectile actually has to waste more energy punching through the material instead of just pushing it to the sides.

[@FrenchBaguetteTank]

4 months late but yeah, funny how glass is used in composite. the best example I can think of is the T-64

[@ImR97-uj4yy]

Indeed. Glass was used in T64

[@Ingris1441]

Little late here as well but glass is somewhat elastic so it was to contract back into its original shape so more energy is expended. Works really well against heat rounds

[@greatdude7279]

I have a suggestion for ceramic tiles and glass try using duct tape to cover them completely in order to avoid shattering because some people used this and it worked better.

[@alexdunphy3716]

True, not just for holding the ceramic in place while being penetrated, but also for compression. It's a fact that ceramics increase in effectiveness as armor under compression, and is used in the latest versions of tank armor

[@vale.44peru]

That might allow the ceramic plate to better sustain a second shot, but due to the brittle nature of ceramic, cracs will still form inside the plate. At this point you should look at the advantages and disadvantages that a “surrounding tape” has, for example cost and (maybe even) weight.

[@satheeshnarayanan701]

What if we use adhesive rubbers to hold the ceramic instead of duct tape

[@dragonmartijn]

@@satheeshnarayanan701 With rubber the bullets can bounce back towards the enemy.

[@mungo7136]

@@vale.44peru eventually not just duct tape but put those tiles in the enclosed box. One point is that this way ceramic particles have nowhere to escape and the bullet must trully force its way through. But moreover he is talking about HEAT while using bullets - which is strange. It is said that one job of the ceramics is to create particles that fly into the heat jet and disrupt it.

[@rre9121]

What a fantastic presentation. Great work! The logical next step is to put the ceramic on the face. I’ve done some similar testing and found ceramic first can hugely increase the resistance of the backer material. I’ve had a floor tile and a car door stop a 7.62x54R soft steel core round cold. Just an idea.

[@alexdunphy3716]

Armor grade steel works in that manner. The hardest, most brittle steel is on the outside surface and the further into the armor plate you go, the more ductile you get. The high hardness surface is to shatter or deform the geometry of the penetrator, the softer material is structural to absorb the energy

[@aleccrombie7923]

That's impressive! Your cartridge is much more powerful than the round in the test. If we were betting I would have bet against it stopping that round. Well done.

[@timonsolus]

British observer: “Think of all the teapots that could have been made with that ceramic material! Sigh...”

[@pliat]

Funnily enough the British invented it, that is why it is called chobham armour, as it was invented in chobham.

[@pliat]

@@DeDyson chobham was the first, but the soviets were the first to put it into use on the T-64, textolite and RHA for the hull, and combination K for the turret, unless it was a model installed with the ultra porcelain balls inside the turret armour. I think the American tests were after btw.

[@pliat]

@@DeDyson the first tank with composite armour was the Object 430, and we had created chobham before that. The American T95 tests were unsuccessful so i dont really count them.

[@pliat]

@@DeDyson my source for the object 430 having composite armour is “T-64 BATTLE TANK” by Steven J. Zaloga, page 6. As for the chobham i guess you are correct.

[@annedegand7934]

Confined for covid 19 and watching your vidéo from Belgium. The photography of that Leopard gives hot to my heart, I served in the same in 1984 wenn I was in the army. Usually the composite sandwich is made of an external plate of steel that protect ceramics from light weapons and reduce maintenance cost, a little space to avoid shoks on the external plate to breake the ceramics , a plate of ceramics to destroy the tungsten penetrator of the shell, and a thicker plate of armor to absorb the energy and avoid projection inside. Sometimes a kevlar tissu is glued inside to protect crew from projections. It could be interesting to try with a thinner external plate and a thicker one behind, but respecting the same weight than two equal plates. Sorry for bad engligh but it is not my usual talk.

[@hanhphuc166]

Your English is good enough.

[@mariofan191101]

0:30 ¨Protection against shaped charges¨ Germany: External metal plates United states: Sandbags Russia: *People, lots, and lots of people*

[@SvenTviking]

“Chob-ham”, not “Chobe-ham”. It’s a place, in Surrey, UK.

[@alexgcampbell2000]

SvenTviking was gonna write this myself lol

[@oneshotweeb5923]

Kobam

[@TheBloodypete]

More Ch-Ob-Em, bit of a meh place though :P Most of Surrey is full of rich assholes though, lovely countryside!

[@jimmylight4866]

Hell i thought it was a sandwich.

[@HK-bi2gy]

awesome video :) i wonder what would happen if you were to add a layer of fiberglass and resin to hold the ceramic together?

[@alexdunphy3716]

That stuff is great at stopping bullets too. The Russians used a version on their first composite tanks called texolite. It has better multi hit resistance than ceramics but idk if the protection vs weigh is as good

[@edi9892]

@@alexdunphy3716 I couldn´t find what textolite is. Do you know anything more specific?

[@alexdunphy3716]

@@edi9892 I probably didn't remember the name correctly. I'll see if I can find a link

[@alexdunphy3716]

@@edi9892 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_K The laminate glass reinforced plastic is sometimes called textolite

[@edi9892]

@@alexdunphy3716 thank you!

[@daveybernard1056]

A sheet of cardboard several inches behind the armor would make a nice witness plate.

[@The_Soviet_Cat_2233]

0:27 Infantry protection, ok this got dark very quick

[@MieczyslawPawelKolenda]

In my opinion you had to glue all steel and composite parts together with epoxy. There was nothing to hold that cone of ceramic/glass pieces that are supposed to stop the bullet. It just shredded ceramic/glass.((( So could you plese try it again?(( Also try a combination of 3 layers of steel with 2 ceramic/glass inserts Thanks in advance

[@alexanderrad3458]

You should try an angle grinder blade, as it has SiC.

[@GoRideLP]

nice idea but questionable execution in my opinion. i think the results would be more accurate if you would have encased the composite material in an enclosure so it doesnt explode and fly away once the projectile strikes it. that way the bullet might need to penetrate more material thats also denser than the one that instantly explodes which leads to decreasing density of the material for a very short period of time thus decreasing 'protection'.

[@noheadgaming7393]

Protectin your tank Germany: Schürtzen USA. sandbags ore tracks Russia: poor 18yo guy: we defeat the Nazis and return home safely tank commander: you know the rules so do I

[@The_Crimson_Fucker]

The infantry was less there to eat rockets as it was to look around, pop targets and then dismount for the final assault. Desantniki were a pretty good idea and used by pretty much everyone in somewhat different ways. The Americans even installed a .50 cal on the back of the turrets of their tanks for infantry riding desant to use. Albeit, unlike the Russians, I don't think the US ever trained specific units with the intent to fight that way - that was simply a marriage of convenience.

[@efirizaki5656]

Rasist as fuck

[@Block1618]

That was really scientific, thank you I appreciated it. I think adding compression to the sides would be critical to improve performance significantly at minimal additional weight. Obviously thin layers of plastic and glue would help spread the force out too.

[@renzocoppola4664]

good enough, though ceramics should always face the front

[@JarlBSoD]

And hopefully not be made of clay floortiles. :)

[@Bialy_1]

"good enough" Rifle shot as a simulation of shaped charge? Are you kiding me? heh

[@ajuk1]

I would have glued the layers together and or laminated the brittle substances. I wonder if you used a layer kevlar, then hardened aluminium followed by a ceramic and then a layer of titanium and then sloped it to 60° to see what's the lightest armour you can make to stop a 50cal.

[@hallofo8107]

Excellent video Jackal! I really like to see normal folks doing real research like this. If I may make a few suggestions/observations: - I _really_ appreciate the charts you compiled. Very excellent. - Perhaps some form of epoxy can be used to bond the composite layers together? This will prevent the uncontrolled variable of air gaps (ex: @7:15) - In line with the above, implementing air gaps might prove useful behind the ceramic layers. This would allow for further energy drain from the projectile and give the shattered ceramic even more surface area to effect. - Exactly how the _FORNICATE_ do you have less than 2k subs? Your content is seriously top-notch. - After you're satisfied with the "composition" aspect of armor, maybe we can look at angling? Keep up the good work!

[@jackalmountain6523]

Thanks for the feed back! Apparently using a rubber layer behind the ceramic is common in tanks, I'd imagine it would be like an air gap to best expand the surface area of teh shattering ceramic. On my channel theres a similar test of sloped armor I did last year.

[@stupidburp]

Rubber is indeed as useful layering material. Another option for holding materials together as a coating is polyurea truck bed liner. It can be sprayed on to glass or ceramic inserts for example or even the metal layers too.

[@saml7610]

Really cool experiment, interesting stuff to see demonstrated. I've understood how this stuff works since I took my physics classes in college, but it's always cool to see it put into practice. The explanation of what was going on at the end was A+, nice job. It would be interesting to try different materials and stand offs. Empty space can also have a large effect on penetration, as can high density rubbers. The compression of the various layers also plays into it. It would be cool to do some more in depth testing for sure. Modern composites in tank armor are the same in concept, but technologically speaking, they're miles ahead.

[@yashsingh3126]

This is so concise and accurate representation of the comparison between RHA and composite armour! Well done! Kudos to you guys.

[@TimPiatek]

Love the talking voice and tone. I suspect effectiveness of the ceramic insert would be enhanced significantly if it were bound tightly between plates - is it was, upon fracture, it was allowed to shoot out the top and bottom. Merely adding a frame that could put some compressive force on the tile, along with taking up any loose space with a non-compressable filler (truck bed liner would be ideal, but even spray rubber should help) should increase reliability, perhaps making it multi-shot proof. Final thought is that using an array of smaller tiles would help to limit the extent of fracturing from the first shot. Perhaps a plate of sand bound with as little plastic as possible? Certainly not much fracturing to worry about if the medium is ductile enough...

[@TimPiatek]

Ah, I see you discuss some of these things later in the video. Serves me right for not watching all the way through ;-)

[@WardenWolf]

Another key thing is that, with multilayered armor, each steel layer can be hardened as opposed to just the surface of an overall piece. A significant portion of the armor's strength will come from just that small layer of hardening on the surface, so having multiple thinner layers of hardened armor is significantly better than a huge thick piece of armor that's only face hardened.

[@miguelgameiro8063]

I’m no expert but hardened plates are more brittle and that implies that the armor would’ve degraded far took quicker if it as all hardened

[@tomk3732]

@@miguelgameiro8063 If you are not stupid about it, then it will not shatter. German tanks had armor shatter due to luck of proper composition towards end of the war - due to simply running out of stuff.

[@miguelgameiro8063]

@@tomk3732 with tick plates if I’m not mistaken you can make them Harvey or cemented where in the same thick plate the face is extremely hardened but the rest of the thickness is far softer to avoid the plate from cracking

[@krower11]

Your video answers all my questions very well! In addition, I have heared that rubber has some positive impact when slices of it are in the spaced armour. It seems that rubber sticks to the projectile and bleeds energy from the projectile. But I am not sure what type of rubber they use so your demonstration is very good with the limited equipment you had.

[@sebekglab]

Greate presentation. Just to point out that early Chobham (Abrams cutaway) is composed from two plates with polymer rubber like material in between . Burlington use hard ceramic pressed and glued in steel matrix. Apparently very important aspect of it is that ceramic is compress by steel matrix greatly increasing strength. Try to use polymer glue/sealant to stick your ceramic between steel plates , and try to bolt it together to provide compression in one axis.

[@jackalmountain6523]

I'll try that. Thanks!

[@sebekglab]

@@jackalmountain6523 Have look on product called CT1 , probably nearest thing to Polymer used in Chobham NERA

[@sebekglab]

@@komradearti9935 I think it cod -names represent different solutions, and generations of those solutions. I read about it in some Polish source researching advanced amour program in UK. Autor mention Chobcham in regard of NERA , and Burlington utilizing Ceramic under compression.

[@sebekglab]

@@komradearti9935 I would love to read full document with was obtained under freedom of information act ,(one containing cutaway of armor), as this is probably primary source. Any links out there?

[@sebekglab]

@@komradearti9935 Yes , you absolutely right. just found that: below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.com/2016/03/chobham-armor-facts-and-fiction-1.html So Burlington was cod -name for of NERA system with was given to Americns.

[@andrewjacobs3219]

The steel glass and tile as used are not held together,as they would be when used in a real situation . So it looks like your tests give questionable results.

[@johnkleptz6261]

Sorry, but this does not represent shaped charges or HEAT “ High Explosive Anti Tank “. That, I’d like to see.

[@Jason-tp5cb]

Why don't you try legally obtaining a HEAT/HEAT-FS round at a reasonable time and price? Maybe you would like to fund him?

[@NikolaiRomanovsk]

@@Jason-tp5cb you can make them with existing materials, but the problem is indeed legality. BATF will take everything you own for something like that, done wrong.

[@johnkleptz6261]

I never meant for him to go all out crazy. I just wanted to make the point that armor piercing is not the same as HEAT. Maybe a cutting torch with a custom tip could replicate the effect on his lighter, miniature representations.

[@NikolaiRomanovsk]

@@johnkleptz6261 not the way that heat works, heat is the actual kinetic force of that superheated jet that does the penetration. The fact that it's very hot is secondary

[@TheSharpeful]

00:32 - So against shaped charges, Germans used armour panels and skirts, US improvised armor with bits of tracks, sandbags etc... and the Soviets just used... people. lol

[@jaykilbourne1110]

@0:16 that Is NOT the Frontal plate of a T-64, silly. That's a cutaway of T-62M's BDD applique armor.

[@victoryfirst2878]

I have a great idea about keeping projectiles from penetrating armor. I will be making a video showing the makeup of the material. P.S. will keep it a secret till the show.

[@MrThewetsheep]

I would be interested in seeing if spacing out the tiles would improve the performance since the projectiles would start to tumble and possibly break up. The old saying goes you trade weight for bulk with composite armor.

[@pweter351]

Ceramic better up close imo space the steel layers

[@moistmike4150]

Pause at 0:30 - "Protection against shaped charge attacks" Germany - Schürzen (spaced steel plates) USA - Improvisation (sandbags) Russia (in agonized Charles Heston voice) - "SHAPED CHARGE PROTECTION IS PEOPLE!!!"

[@crqf2010ruler]

0:33 Bruh moment @ Soviets

[@peterfruchtig5334]

The picture at 0:13 is not T64 amour. It's the non explosive reactive amour type, that was put on T55 and T62 later as an upgrade to the T55 AM2B and T62M. For my unschooled eyes this looks more like a T55AM2B.

[@ryaeon9793]

but can that thin armor on tank still perform bounce? what in my mind is that AP shell will shreck that armor like paper.. but who use AP sell in 2020 anyway..

[@sanderpanderpei]

Ryae on we do use AP rounds today, the APFSDS. It pretty much looks like a giant metal arrow, but against that they mostly use spaced armor to make the round lose it course (: look at the front of the Leo2a5 tank turret, theres only air in there, but there is enough space in there to make the round lose its course which makes it also lose alot of its penetration (: hope this helps!

[@ryaeon9793]

@@sanderpanderpei yeah.. but my guess that in the future.. we will use AP type shell.. but with bigger round size maybe 5-10 ton or more weight. and shoot it from across the continent to other continent with orbital fall or something. (i think i watch a video that the shell become liquid if they travel that fast because to hot.) can you intercept something that fast and heavy. and straight from orbit?

[@sanderpanderpei]

Ryae on well theres no point to develop that, we already have missiles that do that and do way more damage already, so no i highly doubt a tank will shoot a 5-10 ton round. If that does happen then yeah we might have stuff to intercept that yeah

[@ryaeon9793]

@@sanderpanderpei well if missiles still use computer chip or something as component it can still be reroute or premature explode maybe with new technology. (drone with scrambling signal or something near missile trajectory) because who didnt want to know how to intercept missile without using another missile? less money is win. because the one who cant be reroute or something is kinetic gun. maybe railgun?

[@XtreeM_FaiL]

Zlaapy Typico Leopards armor is simple to counter. All you need is a longer penetrator and it won't turn.

[@nathanokun8801]

There is some complexity to your comparison that has been ignored: (1) Sloping the armor. Sloped ductile steel/aluminum armor materials can dent into long, canoe-shaped dents, spreading the force over a wider sideways region and a longer region parallel to the direction of motion of the projectile. Such "dishes" (denting) can absorb considerable impact energy by spreading it over a larger area. At higher angles (circa-60 degrees or greater from right-angles), such sloping and gradual failure can deflect a projectile to glance off the armor, whereas a hard ceramic material just shatters and it usually only gains the minimal SECANT(ANGLE) thickness increase. This is why most laminated armors designed to damage or destroy impacting projectiles are no longer sloped as much as in WWII tanks (compare the visible areas and sloping of late-WWII steel-armored German and Russian tanks to modern tanks using non-steel or layered steel/non-steel armors). Composite armors rely on destroying the projectile nose or HEAT needle-jet as it goes through the various layers, turning a pointed projectile/jet into a wide-impact-area shotgun blast shot-cone of pieces. This is why modern APFSDS projectiles re so long, to allow continued minimal mass on the narrow impact point even though the nose of the projectile is being destroyed and the eroded, shortened projectile still keeps what is left boring into the same cross-section of the remaining armor in front of it. Such APFSDS (and HEAT, if the jet is not disrupted) projectiles also have nearly the minimal SECANT(ANGLE) armor improvement effect, so sloping has the least effect and making the plates thicker, rather than sloping them, is more effective against projectiles hitting the armor from random directions (sloped armor only works when hit along a direction the keeps the slope angle; if not, it is severely compromised). (2) Composite armors are more expensive, have low structural support strength so are dead weight (they have to be external add-on plates in section), and are usually much thicker for their protection level than steel, though weighing somewhat less. The weight benefit is very good, but the other noted properties are most definitely not. The added bulk of such armors can interfere with the efficient design of the vehicle, requiring compromises that degrade other desired things, such as the maximum size to be transported on trains and trucks. Currently, the high penetration ability of modern anti-tank weapons requires rather thick composite armor or the vehicle might as well be a cloth-sheathed truck, but this means non-optimum designs in armored vehicles.

[@mrnickbig1]

AR-15s are NOT DIRECT IMPINGEMENT! Direct impingement would have the gas tube act directly on the bolt carrier, like a Rashid. Instead, the gas is directed into a cylinder/piston arrangement inside the bolt carrier.

[@metaleater9]

There is very clearly a conspiracy to limit civilian access to the more "advanced" ceramic body armors which consist of ceramic spheres/polygons embedded in a polymer matrix. LIBA is a example of this type of armor which proved to be highly effective and was only on the civilian market for a very short time before quietly vanishing. The real kicker is that type of armor is very easy to make, Easy enough to make at home by ordering cheapo ceramic ball bearings and liquid rubber sealant. Imagine filling a hollow door with that, You could make a cheap flimsy door almost completely bulletproof. Honestly I am surprised bunker busters are thing when imbedding ceramic tiles/spheres in the concreate would defeat that.

[@StoneCoolds]

0:32 Protection against shape charges warheads: Germany: spaced armor Usa: sand bags Soviet Union: MOUNTED PATRIOTS!

[@SupremelyDelicious]

Well for some reason spaced armour and sand bags can't provide covering fire

[@chasecook6073]

This guy has the voice of a teacher. Of he's a hidtory teacher that would make sense and hes probably the cool teacher

[@JamesCZFEA]

You should contain the ceramic in the composite target. when the bullet impacts, it pushes the tile out to the sides and has minimal ersion on the projectile. I would recommend using fiberglass to wrap the steel and ceramic tiles together. This also helps with multihit protection.

[@KingJelly99980]

Not sure if anyone knows this but chobham armour was first developed in UK. So... I mean your welcome tanks.

[@sclm55]

Very interesting and informative. Different to be sure. Physics - got to love it. When you began to explain how and why the composites do what they do, that made the video even more interesting and informative. Thanks.

[@mrclive5]

Chobham armour? The Abrams? Should you not mention that Chobham armour is a British invention developed for the Challenger 1?

[@tacpaws]

pretty cool dude!!! keep it up the extra information is very nice aswel

[@larryhooverpedofilekillerc4177]

hello good evening thank you for being beautiful thank you for being wonderful I hope you have a great day. Goodnight the greatness in you is beautiful

[@someasiandude4797]

Ww2 protection Germany : metal plates USA : sandbags Russia : human bodies

[@vit_0822]

Germany: use schurzen:🧐 Usa: use Sandbags:🧠 Urss: use ally soldiers:🤯

[@iulianion5565]

you were talking about protection against shaped charges and chemical projectiles however you used a solid bullet to carry out the tests. im not saying you should use a rpg, im just saying that you are missinforming ppl

[@robertdole5391]

You would have better performance of the tiles with they were duct taped together and placed against a clay or manikin backer to more evenly distribute the force.

[@appa609]

you can't just clamp a ceramic tile and expect it to do anything. The steel is there to keep the ceramic intact. It obviously needs to be bonded

[@mobilegamersunite]

New armor...means new shit to sell on ebay for Russians 😅

[@mikewinston8709]

The British were so clever inventing Chobham armour.

[@jochas9947]

Now use a combination: steel/ceramic/glass/ceramic/steel

[@alexdunphy3716]

Bonding the layers together and the use of fiberglass plates and rubber(or some other elastic material) inserts. Make a version of NERA

[@jackalmountain6523]

thats what im gonna try this summer

[@DARTHVADER-jo6uk]

HOW ABOUT RUBBER AND GLASS COMBINED AS COMPOSITE ARMOR?

[@yanm4098]

0:26 infantry protection. Вы серьезно? Нет, вы на полном серьезе думаете что людей садили на танки для дополнительной защиты от снарядов? Если да, то у вас совершенно точно проблемы с головой.

[@ideadlift20kg83]

The glass surprised me, wow! This is all so interesting lol

[@VileMisanthropy]

I think the ceramic should be encased so the energy from the bullet entry doesnt just blow it out the open edges. Either epoxy to hold them together or box them in with weld.

[@melangkoh4184]

i think the edges of the 2 metal plates must be closed/sealed...this way the scattered glas/ceramic cant just fly out of the way, it stays in the metal "chamber", thu bullet would lose more energy fighting its way through the material, because it needs to be compressed to the sides to build a channel. thats why its very hard to throw a javelin or a pike through a sack of sand, but it will penetrate a lot deeper if you throw it just into a pile of sand.

[@peasant8246]

You have the right idea. This very concept in composite armour design is called "lateral confinement".

[@jadeorbigoso5369]

I hope your channel will grow big

[@davidkueny2444]

To my understanding, the big thing in Chobham armor is spaced NERA plates - basically, rubber sandwiched between steel plates, then empty space, then another rubber-steel sandwich, then more empty space, etc. The idea being that the incoming jet from the shaped charge will compress the rubber, which will "bounce" the steel plates outward, which can disrupt the jet. Bullets are a lot shorter and slower, so I don't know if you could have tested this kind of composite armor effectively.

[@daspeed198]

Amazing video, I couldn't believe somebody actually made the exact thing I was looking for!

[@kexibliv8258]

0:12 - T-55AM

[@stevecummins324]

Thought "plastic" armour, used on British merchant ships was first development and use. against AP rounds due to how it would disrupt penetrators. Principal discovered early WW2 when a merchant ship involved in Dunkirk evacuation was found to have been surprisingly resistant to AP rounds and bomb splinters due to what amounted to a tar and gravel coating that had been applied to it

[@alexdunphy3716]

It's like NERA

[@texasdeeslinglead2401]

You may be able to get a closet analog for the outer shell (metal) , in small steel targets . These are typically ar500 steel . This would , in theory be close to the malleability, and hardness of tank steel . Chrome , zinc , nickel , barium , boron , borillium. 12 herbs and spices . As you said , mild steel was what was available. I totally understand , ar500 would closest I could think while still being even remotely close to available. And if anyone reading this thinks getting a raw sheet of ar500 is an option ... don't . You can't cut the stuff with anything short of a plasma cutter . And it's a wee bit pricey , lol . Otherwise , we'll presented and demonstrates concept well . Keep on keeping on .

[@colin-qp4zr]

I thought ceramic was to counter shaped charge effect and not kinetic energy rounds

[@daspeed198]

Ceramics are great at that yes, when designing the armour I'm sure they're just trying to find a balance between stopping chemical and kinetic penetrators whilst also taking weight and volume into account

[@domino7215]

This looks like it was made in 2009

[@paulmarchlewski6354]

How about mentioning that the Chobam used on US tanks (and their 105 mm gun) are British designs/developments ,your welcome, yet again!

[@stevenbreach2561]

And we,ve now got Dorchester,which is even better

[@stevenbreach2561]

And easier for Americans to pronounce

[@saukraya3254]

Should laminated plastic sheet to hold the glass & tiles, much like bullet proof glass.

[@GunutrGaming]

What about using plastic?

[@Cadillac-wp1qr]

I think the picture at 0:13 is not T-64, It’s T-55AM or T-62M’s UFP add-on armor.

[@jackalmountain6523]

oops, youre right. It's T-62 "Brow" add on composite armor

[@grantavakjan9488]

Ceramic is good against shaped charges, not so against kinetic penetration

[@daspeed198]

This test proves that they are good against kinetic penetrators (at least against a single shot)

[@brassplyer]

Works against the first round, you're dead meat on the 2nd round.

[@dan-oh7jo]

Thats the reason why the ceramics are cut in little pieces instead of a whole ceramic plate. And the chance to hit the same broken ceramic plate is pretty low, just like hitting a used explosive reactive armor again. This is just a basic demonstration, the modern composite armor is wayyyy more complexe and has been tested again and again to increase the protection.

[@major_kukri2430]

This is a great demonstration

[@justinscott1691]

One of the best armour test vids currently on the Internet, thanks mate.

[@shmoaeelshmoaeel8319]

*Shows armor layout* _SeKriT_

[@TimGun87]

Just so you know floor tiles and ceramic armor aren't the same thing. Yes floor tiles are ceramic, however Ceramic armor is made from composite materials not just fired clay/porcelain . the most common ceramic armors used are alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and titanium diboride ceramics, all of which are extremely dense and homogeneous even compared to normal ceramics, and some even contain powdered metal. this is why the tempered glass worked so much better as most tempered glass has an MOHS rating around 6-9 BUT is consistently around that 6-9 throughout, where as ceramic tiles are somewhere between 7-9 for porcelain ceramics and are not uniform throughout, and 5-6 for non-porcelain ceramic tiles and are not uniform throughout, meaning when they take impact they don't distribute force in a consistent manner and thus don't diffuse that force well letting it through, where as a hardened material that is equally hard throughout allows for even force dissipation and thus more energy is diffused over a given area allowing it to stop that impact more effectively.

[@jackalmountain6523]

the underlying mechanism of how ceramics respond to impacts is still the same for generic ceramic floor tiles and high end purpose designed armor ceramics

[@TimGun87]

@@jackalmountain6523That is true, however my point is that the ultimate reason the tempered glass did better is that the consistency of hardness throughout is superior to a ceramic floor tile, which is also why ceramic armor is different, ceramic armor is much harder, but also much more homogeneous in composition, like what the tempered glass is, that's why the double up tile worked for the ceramic tile because there is more material to dissipate force into, but ceramic armor can do that with a much thinner layer of material again like the tempered glass since the material dissipates force more evenly throughout its material rather than having softer or harder spots in it like what a common floor tile does. A good example is why modern ceramic and UHMWP composite armor work so well together as the thin ceramic front armor dissipates force over a large even area while breaking up the projectile, then the UHMWP layers catch the round fragments while also providing a rigid backer for the ceramic armor, but that thin ceramic armor layer does so well even though its thin because not only is it super hard but because the homogeneous composition of the ceramic allows even distribution of force rather than having hard or soft spots in it which would reduce its effectiveness, and is the same reason the single tile didn't really do anything to stop the 5.56 in the video. on that note for S&Gs it would be very interesting to see you do a video but this time seal the ceramic into a metal casing, and even compress it if possible which would allow the tile to do much better simply because the hard material is captured and able to react to the force for a longer period of time.

[@ssuuss539]

1:35 ain’t that classified?

[@teaurn]

Maybe it's me, but I just wish he could pronounce homogenous, composite, and Chobham properly!

[@GiorgiMamaladze]

the glass is incredible.

[@kwkfortythree39]

I want to propose something somewhat crazy: what about if people send you their homemade tiles and you test them? You could define some standard area size and then people could make their own tile with whatever materials they wanted. We could have different rankings like best absolute protection, best weight/protection ratio, prize/protection, etc. I think it could be amazing

[@jackalmountain6523]

Thats a pretty cool idea. Ill see about tying to do that

[@peterxyz3541]

Glue or resin a few layer of welding blankets on to the composite for an interesting test

[@jackalmountain6523]

Ill check that out!

[@peterxyz3541]

Jackal Mountain 👍🏼. there is a YT vid of using harbour freight welding blankets, resin together into a low cost strike plate. Very interesting. Imagining it as car door panel

[@hueydevotedUH1]

Interesting results. But composites were developed in large part to defeat shape charges as you stated. You are testing kinetic type of penetration at un-angled "armor". Probably not an easy task getting your hands on live RPG-7's. lol But would be super interesting to see this tested against some sort of scaled down version of a HEAT warhead. FUN video!

[@ru5h7]

How good would be Fiber Glas and komposite Plastic Fiber Layer? Steel- Fiber Glas- Steel- komposite Plastic Fiber- Steel- Fiber Glas- Steel?

[@salildarji3510]

1/2" UHMW to spread out the impact force, then 1/4"AR500-steel catching the fragments, please. (with M2 30-06 or other blacktip) or 1/4" AR500 steel targets behind the UHMW, if non-armor-piercing is the only ammo you got, please.

[@edi9892]

or use a shock-absorbing plastic as cement for Al2O3, or SiC pellets.

[@edi9892]

@Pat Micucci Aluminium is trash for armour when it comes to any kinetic munition. An early WWII German tank could probably one shot kill it! It does offer some decent protection against HEAT though. Al2O3 is used for sharpening blades and other metal processing. It would destroy any projectile, but is AFAIK too brittle to be used on its own...

[@iulianion5565]

the experiment is flawed since the material used arent representative of real armor. i dont thing they use floor tiles in tanks. you might argue that theyre simmilar but id say that those diffrences can be very semnificative. some ceramic shatters if you drop a weight on them, some ceramic is used as a heat shield on the space shuttles

[@jackalmountain6523]

well, it worked didnt it?

[@iulianion5565]

@@jackalmountain6523 well, it didnt stop the bullet so it just prove that floor tile is less heavy than metal sheet. Even if it worked it couldve worked better.

[@jackalmountain6523]

@@iulianion5565 with a single tile the bullet wasnt stopped. Using glass and two tiles did.

[@thisisabsolutelystup]

Unfortunately this is not representative of the penetration mechanics of a shaped charge. Nor is it representative of composite armour in tanks, which is typically held in a multi-axial stress state. With shaped charges, your penetration is essentially determined by the length of the jet and the relative densities of the jet material and the armour material. This means you can trade material hardness simply for volume. So you can stick 2' of sandbags infront of your normal steel plate instead instead of adding 4" more steel. However this is impractical, and also doesn't add as much protection against traditional armour piercing rounds. Hence composite armour seeks to provide protection against chemical and kinetic energy threats in a mass and volume efficient manner. Finally, composite armour acts against the 'length' of the jet to reduce its penetration. It does this by attempting to introduce off-shotline movement of the material in the jet. Think of a whole load of needles lined up after each other, vs slightly moving the needles out of line.

[@diman0956]

На заставке нихрена не Т64

[@brexxxit]

Oh dam. Dats dope, but I was expecting you to use some sort of heat projectile since the You mentioned it during the start. But it’s physics 101

[@sjoerdstougie]

if the ceramic plate was enclosed in steel it would be more protective, with the sides also made out of steel

[@DrGordonFreeman]

Great viedo also nice shirt ;), rember Emperor protects