Cosmic Queries - Wormhole Universe, Black Holes, & Simulations with Neil deGrasse Tyson

Does an evaporated black hole leave a trace? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian co-host Chuck Nice answer questions about the fabric of spacetime, black holes, cosmic evolution and more.
How do black holes die? We discuss what would happen to a universe contained within a black hole when it evaporates and what a black hole does in its final moments. Would life on a large planet move slower than life on a small planet? What would organisms on a planet with stronger gravity look like?
How would the universe be different if it started with high initial entropy? What is entropy? Is time an emergent property of quantum entanglement? We talk about life in other dimensions and whether black holes could be wormholes. Learn about cosmic evolution and how we categorize stars.
We explore simulation theory and whether simulations are self propagating. How can you tell direction in space? Could mass and gravity have something to do with quantum entanglement? Finally, we help define string theory and also explore the nature of gravity itself.
Thanks to our Patrons Cory James Hohs, Barbara Christian, Massimiliano Squire, Nickthelight, Stacey Kelch, and Joe Edwards for supporting us this week.
Get the NEW Cosmic Queries book (5/5 ⭐s on Amazon!): amzn.to/3dYIEQF
Support us on Patreon: / startalkradio
FOLLOW or SUBSCRIBE to StarTalk:
Twitter: / startalkradio
Facebook: / startalk
Instagram: / startalk
About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #neildegrassetyson
00:00 - Introduction: Grab Bag
2:00 - What is Subspace?
4:03 - What is Left Over Once a Black Hole is Gone?
8:30 - Would Life on Saturn Move Slower Than Life on a Small Planet?
13:09 - What’s Entropy?
19:48 - Is Time an Emergent Property of Quantum Entanglement?
24:10 - Could Black Holes Be Wormholes?
25:50 - Star Populations & Cosmic Evolution
29:18 - Is Another Species Simulating Us?
31:10 - Directions in Space
33:33 - The Nature of Gravity
35:14 - Particles, Waves, & Strings

[@StarTalk]

Pre-order the new StarTalk book to get access to an exclusive Q&A Livestream: www.StarTalkMedia.com/Books

[@frogz]

are we allowed to ask phone number of the hosts if we buy the book? um... sorry neil, chuck, not you guys' phone numbers also: if plants disappear, mushrooms will become very popular...

[@johnherron3961]

Book came out in 2022 and no ph#'s @@frogz

[@NeverStopRolling]

Question: If you grew up with Jupiter's gravity, and became super strong when you came to Earth, would your blood pressure not be way too high and you would just pass out all the time?

[@frogz]

sorry im a creep btw, lindsey is so pretty :)

[@dimitri1515]

Since the Earth is feeling the Sun's gravity, can we measure a weight difference between an object on the ground near the sun and the same object in same spot when it is rotated away from the sun?

[@Joekary5]

Can we please get an episode of Cosmic Queries where Chuck Nice takes lead in trying to answer the questions? He has come a long way with his physics fluency and it would be amazing to see him put it to the test!

[@Itsallfun3000]

Feeling this

[@nicolecunningham5477]

I would love to see that ❤

[@evanbrum6357]

I would unironically buy that book, Chuck 😂 It would actually be interesting to see a summary from Chucks point of view of the coolest things he's learned on the show

[@michael-4k4000]

Go Chuck!!!!

[@isaackitone]

Write that book.... Write that book.... Write that book..... Write that book.... Write that book.... Write that book.... Write that book..... Write that book.... Build that wall.... Sorry! I got carried away.

[@CityStomperMedia]

The irony is I've personally been reading Neil's "Astrophysics For People in a Hurry" absolutely zooted out of my mind. I guess Chuck's version is getting baked, reading Neil's book and then trying to summarize each chapter while high 🤣

[@michael-4k4000]

I bet Neil is a Scientologist

[@FromRootsToRadicals]

Perfect coffee table book.

[@adpirtle]

It never ceases to amaze me how Neil can say something thought-provoking in reply to almost any ridiculous question.

[@TheTimski5000]

Cool

[@TheTimski5000]

Where is the talk of dieing black hole

[@dhruvchandarana1449]

Why is this only 38 mins long? I can listen to Cosmic Queries for hours

[@WildlifeWarrior-cr1kk]

They have other videos you know

[@TheSuccessfulHuman]

I just LOVE how Chuck makes Neal laugh!!! It’s awesome. ❤️🌎❤️

[@donaldsmith8648]

Chuck is fracking hilarious 🤣

[@9mmboobgun]

You two areamazing, you made me love learning again! Now i wonder how an episode would be if you two switched places, Chuck explaining astrophysics and Neil bringing the comedy!

[@isaackitone]

Haha 😂😂😂😂

[@JR-mj8ph]

Lol😂

[@shib_96]

Please give us an explainer on Moon's South Pole. A humble request :)

[@ZULEEIRL]

Chuck please make that book!!!! I would ABSOLUTELY buy it. Like a comedic take on ALL that you have learned all these years while working with the brilliant Neil.

[@oceaninks]

I love that Neil happily delivers the description of entropy to us, and the death of everything, with such a pleasant and cheerful disposition! Hahahaha I get it. I see you Neil 😅 ;)

[@fleezybaby]

chuck is always calling me out for getting high and listening to cosmic queries.

[@theartistinindy]

Thanks guys for answering my question! Much love as always

[@bertdejong3]

Talking about chocolate,it was an pharmacist in Brussels who wrapped medicines in chocolate to make them taste better. Later he filled them with nice fillings

[@user-wu3rn4oc1y]

I get So happy seeing new Star Talk.. I. Love you men so much.

[@Stanger5L]

this show is so entertaining, I get to know stuff and so many laught is incredible.. love it !

[@pstandlee]

The black hole evaporation blew my mind. 🤯

[@ShawnRavenfire]

In the original Superman comics, the explanation for his super strength was that Krypton had ten times as much gravity as Earth, which is why Superman, while on Earth, could lift a car and jump over a building. Of course, over time, writers kept giving him new powers, so eventually they had to come up with another explanation for his powers, and they picked yellow sunlight.

[@triedtime9573]

Thank you both for the episodes

[@Abwin87]

Starting a petition to rename these episodes to chuck-me-some knowledge

[@LuciferXV]

Talking about how that black hole in interstellar affected time has made me wonder what life on the planet would look like from the outside if you could record a video of it from a place not affected by that gravity. Could things look like they are at a near standstill if you could capture it from far enough away?

[@jettmthebluedragon]

Your talking about a movie that’s fictional 😐the universe does not work because we believe it will 😑

[@travailier]

Yes, I believe you're correct.

[@user-es8bm1zs2s]

Referehce frames are one of the most confusing aspects of GR and QM. There are subatomic particles within your body that are going backwards in time as you read this somehow😮.

[@jettmthebluedragon]

@@user-es8bm1zs2s no theirs not 😑molicules do NOT move back in time pal you can only go foward

[@user-es8bm1zs2s]

@@jettmthebluedragon Chemistry books don't talk about molecules going back in time, your right. Still not in the right reference frame though. Retrocausality is fundamental in building a coherent QFT, if my words work philosophically or not. EDIT: Sorry, didn't mean to hijack OP. It's a good question, don't know how it would look. SR and GR time dilation experiments are done measuring particles, not whole scenes.

[@jaycee9001]

Last questions were great!

[@anthonynguyen4065]

Love the show; was wondering if StarTalk could do an explainer on micro-chip technology? Would love to know more about the physics of nanometer chips and companies like ASML.

[@christianholmes8019]

Thank you for your perspectives, gentlemen. Your explanations of time as a possibly accessible dimension similar to our three physical dimensions gave a lot of food for thought. It looks like I have some homework of my own. I greatly appreciate both of your insights.

[@jn651]

Comic Queries; is Lord Chuck taking the lead on this one? Get 'em, Chuck!

[@savagepro9060]

they corrected as fast as a comet🤣😂😅

[@dsnitely]

A new series by Chuck. Cosmic Con 2024. Only StarTrek nerds invited!

[@tiago.alegria.315]

Thank you for this video

[@kronoscamron7412]

We are lucky to be living in the same era as Dr. Neil ,Highly entertaining and very knowledgeable astro-physicist. I learned alot from him.

[@dochamp2]

Chucks book for stoners would be a looooooonnnng read, lol.

[@Orion225]

Glad that neil mention the movie Space between us. One of my fav.

[@j72ashley]

Chuck... i think you meant The Orville regarding the super strong person from a high gravity world. Love that show. Especially where they discuss the perils of gifting advanced tech to a less developed world.

[@i_smoke_ghosts]

enjoyed the laughs. thank you sirs ! thank you patreon members ❤ much love !

[@szilardvass2425]

You guys are the best :)

[@deancyrus1]

Could you do an explananer on slide rules. I've just come across my great grandfathers slide rule. I know Mr Tyson had a slide rule i remember him talking about it. Love your show. I've learnt so much. 👍💡🙏🔥

[@dragonhawkeclouse2264]

I think the guy asking about planet speed, might have been talking about a Star trek Voyager episode, where the planet was out of sink with regular time, and as the crew was watching the planet for 5 hours, 5000 years transpired down on the planet, and that planet, the inhabitants had to develop some kind of multi-phase shifting technology to be able to interact with the crew to tell the crew that Voyage had been causing horrible tectonic issues

[@roberthutchison8197]

You forget, Mr Tyson, there is a limit to the length of sub space distance! I forgot what episode that fact was mentioned!

[@konradlenzer6733]

Can you please make a video on precesstion, and the cycle of the solar system and give us some insight on the estimated time and distance of space in between and also the time it takes for the solar system to make a full rotation in this precesstion

[@TimBigler]

The Kit Kat candy bar has the name Kit Kat imprinted into the chocolate. That robs you of chocolate! That's a clever chocolate-saving technique. - Mitch Hedberg

[@chancemeyers8502]

It would be a cool video if you talked about some of the best early cosmologist and maybe your favorite thoughts on them And see what Chuck or some of the others think

[@user-tc1fw5ms5s]

I love the grab bag cosmic queries episodes!!!!

[@The_Nonchalant_Shallot]

I have a theory that subspace is basically its own smaller pocket of space inside which location data translates to locations in the known universe, kind of like how the nether works in the game Minecraft where travelling a distance in the nether allows you to travel farther in the overworld, and that information is easier to transfer into this space than it is to transfer matter, which might explain why in science fiction movies and shows it seems to take less effort and power to communicate across subspace than it does to travel physically. Just my guess

[@michael-4k4000]

Sub space is the way to go

[@thatdudeinasuit5422]

I like how the Mass Effect Video game series deals with interstellar comms by using a network of communication buoys communicating via quantum entanglement. So when you arrive in a star system rather than sending radio to a distant ship you send it to the local comms buoy which then converts the radio into a digital message and then sent via quantum entanglement to the closest comms buoy to its recipient where it is then converted back into radio and broadcast to the recipient.

[@DayneTreader]

I have the answer to the first question. In the Star Trek universe, subspace is a different dimension where the laws of physics are different - light travels millions of times faster, it is also the highway for creating a warp bubble. It *can* exist, we just haven't discovered it yet.

[@josephsiragusa]

I'll buy that book Chuck, please write it

[@TjayfrmdaA]

No offense my night sleep hits better when it’s just Neil and Chucks voice

[@diggity1039]

Neil and Lindsey, two people with very interesting middle names.

[@alexeck7377]

Where do we propose our questions to these guys?

[@grisslebear]

Patreon

[@tonniestarkstv4758]

Since y'all are claiming first ,I'm second 😅. Was praying the comedy slot be chuck and ,joy like a river 🎉😂❤

[@ZxZNebula]

Third

[@kelsorice6028]

I love yous so much. You’ve always been there for me. ❤

[@venkelos6996]

Two little questions: First, with so many gases being colorless, and sort of unperceived until they start to effect us, why do some gases have a color? What about that gas allows me to see it as green, or yellow, where many more seem "invisible"? A harder second one; its actually a set, if we are contained within the universe, as it expands, how do we experience that it is expanding? Can we define what "direction" we are expanding in, that might allow us to move in an opposing direction ,to eventually find the point where the Big Bang occurred?

[@byronwatkins2565]

At 36:10, fermions do indeed delay the phases of bosons. Boson is indeed the medium that allows fermions to attract each other. Thus, boson and fermion particle waves are delayed and focused by a region in space where much matter exists. Whether this 'refraction' is enough to explain gravity I don't know and I am not sure how to compute an answer. Largely it will depend on the probability (scattering cross section) that a passing particle experiences an interaction with the material in that space and how much that interaction affects the particle's trajectory.

[@spacecuriosity59]

Chuck is amazing 😂

[@AhmadZaib-ek3br]

Every time I listen to Mr Neil deGrasse, its amazing. I don’t know if its appropriate to ask the question if anyone thought that the expanding universe looks an illusion and actually its moving along with other universes ( multiverse) around some central point. As we observe in our solar system or galaxy, all the objects rotate around a central point. Some of the objects moves faster than others. The faster planets in our solar system when passes the earths looks moving away and at other time moving towards the earth. Is it possible that the galaxies moving faster looks expansion on a large time scale while its moving around a central point within and outside our universe. Thank you

[@DC5Brandon]

"He blinded me with SCIENCE!" - Thomas Dolby

[@byronwatkins2565]

The vibrations of strings ARE waves.

[@dalewcrighton8083]

Put me on the waiting list for the book....

[@ensign926]

Even though in Star Trek, they don't really explain what subspace is they do. Add in that it's a great medium to communicate with in near real-time. But they still need relay systems to boost the signal. After a certain amount of distance, you can't fully transmit a signal without relays. Halfway across the Galaxy or else it will degrade. This is best displayed in their show. Star Trek voyager when one of their ships is in another section of the Galaxy and their trip would be 75000 light years, and at top speed will take them around 70 to 80 years to get home if maintained.

[@Cuppa_Doc]

Chuck was not holding back on this one 😂😂😂 love it!

[@lisacooke5928]

Whoever first put the goo in the chocolate was a genius 😁

[@sekaramochi]

Neil and chuck The odd couple Pure love dudes♥️

[@LennyDucano]

Nice!! Let’s go y’all!! Our dogs name is Forrest 😂 and chocolate 🍫 is the greatest thing ever!!

[@DasHoots83]

Inside of a black hole should be the exact same space time thats outside of the black hole. Gravity doesnt make spacetime dissappear. The black color only represents where light cannot come out of, which is like tint on a car window. The tint doesn't change the space inside the car, just makes it so you cannot see inside, take the tint away and it's still the same space inside the car as outside the car.

[@SilverAlex92]

"Astrophycis for Stoners in a Hurry"... Chuck really does know his audience, doesnt he? xD I would totally buy that book

[@suyapajimenez516]

I absolutely agree about filled chocolates.

[@aanchaallllllll]

0:00: 🌌 Discussion about various topics including cosmic queries, subspace in Star Trek, and the evaporation of black holes. 5:43: 🌌 Hawking radiation from black holes increases in energy as they get smaller, eventually evaporating into gamma rays. 14:44: 🌌 Neil deGrasse Tyson discusses entropy and its role in measuring the disorder of a system. 17:47: 🌌 The universe started highly ordered, but as it expands, it becomes more disordered, eventually leading to the end of the universe. 27:37: 🌟 The evolution of stars and the elements they are made of. 30:29: 🚀 Neil explains the concept of the simulation theory and addresses the question of gravity in space. 35:49: 🔬 In this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck Nice answer questions about wormholes, string theory, and energy. Recap by Tammy AI

[@lilytea3]

I can learn so much better about the content thanks to the main points you gave. Thank you Tammy AI!

[@rayediamond7098]

So, as I was listening to Neil and Chuck, they brought up the whole Arnold debacle and I had completely forgotten about that, and I looked it up…you should too.

[@isaackitone]

"Consider that a divorce." Arnold Schwarzenegger.

[@gregkent8955]

Ant story: I think the ant could sense the evaporation of the fresh ink. Should try placing an ant in a old drawn circle. I think he would walk right over the line with out hesitating. BTW Love you two doing Star Talk.

[@naughtmouth9781]

It was a total dad moment when Neil made himself laugh with the educated cylinder joke and slapped his knee 😂

[@venkelos6996]

If I were "in space", and beyond the appreciable reach of Earth's gravity, would i start to drift towards the Sun? It's strong enough to hold worlds, even so much further away than Earth, and it draws in comets, asteroids, and other bodies,so would my considerably less mass be pulled toward it, or would i just sit "motionless"?

[@PembDave]

Is there a forum somewhere that takes hypotheses for evaluation?

[@themeach011]

Wouldn't the black hole eventually get small enough(low mass enough) that there wouldn't be enough mass to maintain the gravity required to maintain an event horizon?

[@micahthomas9521]

Right around the time the Higgs- Boson was discovered, I thought they did find wormholes, but they are so tiny and unstable that we have no way to stabilize or use them? And they only last a fraction of a second? Now I need to go hunt that down bcz I didn't imagine that or read it in a sci-fi novel.

[@LordVoid_DarkLordNakia]

I have a shirt that says “entropy happens” it’s my fave. 😂

[@Anuchan]

As you add mass to a planet, it gets larger, but at some point, the mass gets so large that the gravitational attraction gets so strong that the size begins to get smaller. When it starts getting smaller, is it a black hole, or does it still need more mass to become a black hole?

[@stonerainproductions]

Neil and Chuck, I have a strange theory I would love to run by you. My question is based on the double slit experiment and how light tends to change how it moves based on observation. Since a photon doesn't really have a normal life due to light speed, could it be possible there are different forces of nature that run backwards in time that we may currently not be able to observe? I mean, if there somehow a way for something to travel faster than light, maybe the laws of psychics change in some way that we don't fully understand. This could explain why light moves differently when observed for example (it could see it's being detected so to speak since it does not have a life as we experience it). Thanks gentlemen and I love your content!

[@jamesrandall6643]

Subspace is a quantum faraday cage that allows us to capture and retain the higgs Boson particle which would allow a gravity well to a point that allows faster than light travel.

[@kristophersingleton7483]

Isn’t going the speed of light stretching out particles that makes us, on the molecular level, vibrating at a longer distance, therefore making time slower for the human body?

[@seanc9022]

Neil looks like he was ready to fall asleep 😂 great show tho 👍🏼

[@KennyKenKin]

I personally think he always looks high

[@Xyz_Report]

Chuck is an American treasure

[@gguttr]

Hello Chuck and mr. Tyson, I have question ¿Could sending an quantum entangled device into a black hole tell us what is inside it?

[@jorgenorberto293]

Well, mr. Penrose, Roger Penrose, disagrees with the notion of the big freeze (entropy) and presents a very well constructed and based on math alternative to that idea. And honestly, it's very interesting to explore.

[@SlickTim9905]

If you were to put satellites or probes in deep space to allow communication between Voyager and us, how would you build this? How would you deploy this? How do you compensate for the increasing distance between Voyager and us?

[@helicalactual]

time is emergent but more fundamental than a system changing. think more like "momentum" which is fundamental. Time is movement of the wave function. you can call it the momentum operator, you can call it the "time" operator, you can call it a whole bunch of things, the bottom line is that time is the propagation of the wave function of the universe and subsequent wave functions which are more fundamental than systems change. A thought experiment, If one were to exist in a thermal equilibrated universe and have a thermal equilibrated singularity, expand into that thermal equilibrated universe, you would have a system of movement of the wave function without change. that is "momentum" without change. therefore, you can absolutely have movement of the wave function without a changing system. it only so happens in our universe it comes with a system change due to the collection of particles and the Higgs, so therefore all the particles don't act like particles of gas in a room. the conclusion: time as movement of the wave function is an emergent phenomenon, probably of the hubble constant, the local gravitational fields, and anything that effects the propagation of the wave function.

[@lordcrayzar]

I feel like that planet question was more about something like metabolism than time relativity.

[@androtekman6131]

What's left of the black hole singularity after it dies? The problem is the event horizon is evaporating but the singularity is still there creating all the gravity. How can it all disappear if the singularity is still there? Hawking radiation doesn't radiate matter from the singularity.

[@KevinP32270]

EPIC ❤❤❤

[@brandonfields4022]

Id buy that book chuck

[@ffaubert1]

What about Lagrange points where gravity is equalized? Does gravity exist between stars? If stars bend spacetime, would there not be a point between them where the gravity is equal and not pulling in any direction? Wouldn't that be the definition of zero gravity? In the last question, isn't a wave simply a measure of frequency? Isn't frequency just a measure of vibration? That would make a wave a measure of vibration and if so, you would be looking at the vibration of a wave and a partical simultaneously. Isn't that string theory? Not trying to be a know-it-all, these are actual questions that I have and would like a bit of guidance with.

[@asitkumar2095]

chandrayan 3 please

[@dragonhawkeclouse2264]

Another thought....can virtual particles affect gravity?

[@albertowachsman7878]

What I can't understand about the time slowing in Interstellar is how would humans be not crushed by a gravity that is so strong as to slow time considerably. Also the gigantic wave that appears points to the gravity going away from the planet, so , shouldn't the astronauts be unable to stand on such planet?

[@michael-4k4000]

Yea I think they get a pass for that one, he needed to age as to meet his daughter later on in life. It took her much time to figure out how to control gravity. The science for the most part was good and it’s just such a fantastic film 🎥!

[@MusicMan3]

Neil owns A Starry Night? the most famous Monet painting ever!

[@ZenRyoku]

36:34 no... a string is a one-dimensional object of energy which is the most infitecimal unit of energy. photons and related weak interacting sub atomic particles can be both wave and particle in composition

[@Paulight]

Cast Neil as the next Wonka please

[@FacesintheStone]

21:27 shout out Brian Greene ❤

[@SimeonDenk]

Black holes slowly diminish due to Hawking radiation, as long as there is no other material nearby to add to the black hole. Therefore, they die of loneliness.

[@johnherron3961]

Has anyone done a simulation of the singularity before the Big Bang - being hit or being combined with a second singularity? Seems like 1 is an odd number. 🙂

[@PFDish]

Where can we get a StarTalk Poster?

[@harityadav3060]

At the beginning, if everything was filling the entire volume of very small universe and there were no structures, wouldn't it be high entropy?

[@Garrett0329]

Yo Neil and Chuck. So I have a theory. Is dark matter basically a shadow? It seems that way 😊

[@brendonszn]

Run for president neil🙏