Cosmology and the Accelerating Universe | A Conversation with Nobel Laureate Brian Schmidt

#BrianGreene #BrianSchmidt #NobelPrize
Brian Greene and Nobel Laureate Brian Schmidt engage in a wide-ranging conversation covering cosmology, the accelerating universe, and the role of science in shaping our future.
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
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[@aurelienyonrac]

So cool. Anton Petrov was talking about that polarized black hole. If the big bang is an implosion like a cosmic black hole/white hole, then dark energy is just gravity seen from the point of view of inside the black hole. illustration: take a rubber membrane to simulate space time. Apply a vacuum cleaner hose to simulate a quantum fluctuation and a black hole. The vacuum generates a balloon. 🎈 From the outside, it illustrates gravity pulling on space time. From the inside surface of the balloon, it illustrates dark energy expanding space time. Obviously, both are caused by local energy differential in the vacuum, also known as quantum fluctuations at different scale. At small scale the local energy differential generates a flow (same process as Hawking radiation) where virtual particle are separated. Just like the waves of the sea separates sand on the beach according to weight and size. That flow at larger scale is calked cosmic web. Good news: The univers can do that forever. Enjoy. Subtle consequences: the big bang is happening now. In your mind 😋

[@raylittle8607]

Brian Greene is a wonderful person in his ability not only to make a difficult subject easier to understand but to make the subject wholly enjoyable. I wish there were more like him around. Ray.

[@etsat1]

Hats off for Brian Greene (specially) and WSF team for these wonderful talks. It is really wonderful to be able to watch these conversations and a whole bunch of science related topics being discussed. Really thanks.

[@kamleshgya6694]

Professor Brian Greene shouldve been the real Nobel Laureate Physicist of all Time.. Professor Brian Greene , if we start collaborating now, we shall share the next Nobel prize, guaranteed. Love Brian Greene

[@SailingEast]

Great discussion on a number of topics along with a nice oral history on the dynamics of the development of space expansion . Dr. Greene is a terrific and well-balanced moderator.

[@DocSeville]

I listen to this as I go to bed. I live in a "red" area where "book learnin' " is NOT appreciated! This gives me hope for mankind

[@kagannasuhbeyoglu]

It was great👍 Thanks a lot Brian Greene and Brian Schmidt. Perfect content.

[@wesc6755]

People like Brian Schmidt are my rock stars. Great conversation.

[@TheAurians]

That truly was a fantastic conversation. Thank you both to the 2 Brians and the WSF team.

[@zetacrucis681]

It's so great to hear from Brian Schmidt. Thanks WSF!

[@rohitiistkerala2273]

Hoping someday I really come here after getting my PHD in Astrophysics (maybe after 10 years) and acknowledge the awesomeness lying here . Both are role models for me and having known about Prof. Brian Schmidt and his Astro journey in life .... thats enough interesting and priceless to me. Sorry , I am unable to explain in words.

[@PedroDiMaggio-dk4lb]

Yes but they could be very wrong. Professor Subir Sarkar at Oxford university has cast major doubt on the Dark Energy hypothesis. In fact, the evidence for Dark Energy is faulty and highly suspect.

[@ramsayfarran992]

Very enjoyable. Held my interest through the whole interview (not easily achieved !) Thanks

[@kayladrew7036]

I can’t wait for more updates on these phenomenal theories! I’m jealous of the astrophysicist Brian mentioned from the year 100,000,002,021.

[@ninadesianti9587]

Intriguing introduction, Dr. Brian Green! Thank you for the interesting interview!

[@user-dq6gu1hy2y]

Bye KNOWLEDGES. Nobody with no safe/deal guarantee contract forever doesnt deserve anything good things. Still playing with me idiots? U cant ☺

[@soumyojitpal3399]

@@user-dq6gu1hy2y what the hell r u talking about

[@ryandonnelly2661]

Loved this latest episode! Huge fan of the both of you

[@timsmith6675]

@World Science Festival, great guest and conversation with my daughter's neighbor in Canberra. @ANU is an incredible university at educating our youth and us older people too. I think this is a better use of human resources than the " Problem of the Day". 😃

[@justdata3650]

I never thought of neutrinos possibly being in a medium so dense that they could be responsible (at least partially if not essentially fully), for blowing that medium apart. Wow! The physics of supernovae are truly remarkable.

[@toonmoene8757]

The weather *is* complicated: Consider that to predict precipitation you have to follow three phases of water, various forms of ice moving in a 10 km high column at speeds between 5 and 20 m/s vertically with temperatures between 180 and 300 K.

[@kelvinlu8885]

Finally an updates in three month. Thank you Dr Greene.

[@dianastevenson131]

A wonderful discussion, and so nice not to have irritating advert breaks! I loved the policy analysis - I wish the science and academic community here in the UK would discuss what's happening with policy but they seem to be silenced.

[@rorykeegan1895]

Its called Brexit, the UK no longer has a policy regarding science, the UK has no need of experts, remember....

[@dianastevenson131]

@@rorykeegan1895 You are so right! We desperately need a written constitution - that's a major difference between us and the USA.

[@roberthutchison8197]

I was pleasantly surprised when I heard you were born in Montana (Brian Schmidt), which is my home state. Congratulations on the Noble Prize!

[@100vg]

Gotta love the way that Brian Greene orchestrates these interviews and p[anel discussions! Getting the "emotion" out of Dr./Professor Brian Schmidt was kind of like pulling teeth. 🤣 But he got his response.

[@dreed7312]

Amazing that none of them were harmed! This is one of the craziest things I've seen in awhile.

[@gallegocarlos3401]

Brian That end was fantastic Signing off !!!!

[@bbt305]

How humble of them!!!!

[@AnwarButt-fl8of]

Thank you, sir, very much.

[@Atmanyatri]

Great conversation thank you very much

[@havenocat]

Hi Brian, I have enjoyed watching numerous, if not most of the episodes you’ve produced and am just curious what kind of microphone do you use for these? Thanks, Glenn

[@darwinlaluna3677]

Thank you, I respect u sir’s happy Father’s Day both of you

[@aidaririvera8783]

Very good conversation. I have to look up various terms to understand better. Any new discoveries on Neuroscience, cosmology, physics and the beginning of the universe, esoterism, aliens and apparitions, scientific spiritism and so forth are interesting themes.

[@Lackylo]

Great conversation though that I get again a few pieces of the puzzle for my picture of the whole. Thank You!

[@iam007richie]

Please do stream it in June or at least please upload the videos after the event on this channel. Thanks!

[@parrogakaparadise9477]

Please sort out audio levels! Very difficult listening on earbuds.

[@doublegone]

Is it possible for the WSF video editors to adjust the audio levels so that both speakers’ volumes match? Mr Schmidt sounds several db louder.

[@groba50]

We know it is possible, but will they do it 😂😂

[@PositiveAlex]

Much pleasure to listen this man.

[@redfinance3403]

Great discussion!

[@glennkrieger]

Actual topic starts at 31:30. And a super interesting discussion for sure.

[@prajwalpreteesh314]

Thanks for introducing very eminent personalities and creating conditions for a layman to have access with them. When you are discussing with him at one point of time he told that he will not subscribe to the idea of Big Bang singularity. What he intended to say on this point.please elaborate on this point if you find time.

[@brucebanner2961]

Well mick, ur question on "10 years no findings" was spot on. Having no data for 10 years would not shut the question down.

[@nordineselmi1663]

Yet, I have mentioned a trajectory called "the cycloïd" wich is a faster way to get from one point to another one(gravitation)than the straight line(from A to B) with an angle of 45 degrees. (mathematics). It's interesting when you think about trigonometry and singular patterns.

[@kamleshgya6694]

Read The fabric of the cosmos and The Elegant Universe, you should get a glimpse of what you are looking for.. String Theory will, one day, win over all other theories.. Professor Brian Greene is the expert in String Theory, the universe is truly complex, things today change tomorrow early morning, as a Pure Mathematician myself, i follow my Professor, Professor Brian Greene, My hero

[@edwigcarol4888]

01:22:41 wow! I fiercely defend the fact that "I don't know and I don't care"

[@weaponofchoice8942]

I love your work Brian. Keep seeking the truth and please keeping an open mind about intelligent design

[@sereneintegral]

O

[@nordineselmi1663]

And their competitiveness, intrications,unicity.

[@user-hm9eh8kv4u]

Thank you the doctor brian green ❤

[@XenomorphTerror]

I believe I have an insight into our shared reality, as we all do. It'll be interesting to see what happens when we either transcend our corporeal vessels, or seep away into equilibrium.

[@nordineselmi1663]

As a spherical pattern could be however it's an object in space with a center of gravity or even a sphere in mathematics,the distribution of all the points from this object seems to be equiproblable.Talking about a laser or a photon,a neutrino has the same properties for example.

[@darwinlaluna3677]

Have a great day brian

[@geoffreylummis2206]

Excellent information 👍🐨

[@jsnedd66]

i think editing out the first 35 minuets of this interview would be a very good and wise move

[@wokeaf2435]

Why?

[@jsnedd66]

@@wokeaf2435 because it’s as dull as dish water.

[@Fomites]

Wonderful and interesting conversation! I'm watching the his just down the road from Brian Schmidt at ANU in Canberra.

[@welingkartr416]

This week scientists measured the affect of gravity on quantum particles -a point Brian Schmidt was in a way alluding to when he said (paraphrasing) he believed gravity had a role even at the level of forces at the sub-atomic level.

[@josephshaff5194]

EM Design and Drafting CAD Career took a positive turn. I'm going to stay in tech. Study Engineering Physics evenings hopefully to post grad. levels. Good base of info. for Engineering work I was gearing for Scientific Equipment Designer but landed Aerospace much better. I need more Physics that for sure.

[@mehdibaghbadran3182]

Thanks

[@peteedwards8439]

The results suggest there is a high probability there is the existence of other universes beyond the reach of our own universe that exhibit gravity and are pulling our own universe apart and are accelerating its demise as the effect progresses. We need to know how fast the acceleration apart is between the centers of each of the galaxies is so an estimate of the forces pulling ours part can be made.

[@rosacabrero5005]

Por favor pongan subtítulos. Gracias .

[@BrettCaveTheGeek]

I was reading an article on the observation of an intermediate black hole consuming a star, and how gravitational waves would ripple out. Within a galaxy, there would be numerous events creating ripples , and so we'd expect waves generally to move outwards from galaxies (assuming there would be some degree of both constructive and destructive interference, but that generally the waves would not cancel out), then surely this would exert and outward force that would push neighbouring galaxies away. And could some sort of gravitational wave resonance account for a part of dark matter, holding galaxies together for faster rotation? Sort of like how salt poured onto a surface with sound frequencies arranges itself in clumps and patterns, similar to star in galaxies and galaxy clusters. "Gravitational resonance" of sorts....

[@silberlinie]

Why doesn't the video have a release date?

[@nordineselmi1663]

And the trigonometric circle, btw. Thanks, it was very interesting.

[@YouNiceJunis]

Great History Lesson👍

[@Cita31253]

As much as I admire physicists and mathematicians, they are not without ego. My criticism is only that their motives are hidden and often they imply how joyous they would be to find that decades of work would be found wasted. Not wasted to them - mere mortals would be devastated but no, they are above such concerns. Their audience is intelligent and less easily fooled. They do often try to imply that their only interest is in discovering truth. But I feel that as a group, they are more honest than almost all. Nerdy engineers may be more honest, but one would never know ;).

[@darwinlaluna3677]

Yes im here

[@ordinaryperson4796]

"if it was dark you couldn't see it.. so we made it smokey white." 🤣 Yep. Thanks for waking me up with that buddy.

[@OmarGarcia-to5pg]

WONDERFUL TALK,AS ALWAYS. JUST 1 QUESTION WHA

[@joshuacornelius25]

If you accept the Everettian interpretation of qft, you'd expect a cascading effect (speeding up of the expansion) a realities "branch" over spacetime... Especially when you realize that gravity is multidimensional and spread across correlated realities (which explains why gravity is so weak at the quantum and local scale but "dark matter" effects are more noticeable at cosmic scales of space and mass.) it will likely explain the anomalies that have caused so much recent doubt about the near completeness of the standard model. Once physicists start factoring in the implications of the Everettian interpretation, these problems will be easily resolved.

[@dombelardo4909]

brian is certainly a plain talker refreshing in a way

[@monkemagic9726]

Brian please turn up your mic

[@donpetersen8740]

I do not believe that in the distant future, Stars and galaxies will be to far away to see. But because of star formation and creation of new galaxies, there will never be an empty space.

[@josephshaff5194]

One more thing enjoyed Your Book "Elegant Universe", I consider it, as almost a text at my level Physics 114 completed. Acquired "Intro. to Modern Cosmology", Andrew Liddle etext.

[@AstronomywithManas]

This Was a Very Interesting and Informative Session, Got to learn a lot of new ideas........Loved it!!!👏👏🙌👍

[@kaarlimakela3413]

Gosh. I feel lucky.

[@nicolegraber6400]

Hi Brian, in a next speech could you, please, explain and give your opinion about this study: "C. Goyon et al., “Slow and fast light in plasma using optical wave mixing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 205001 (2021)". "Fast light". May be I am not the only one who feels puzzled. Thanks and best regards. N.G.

[@bbt305]

Volumes are off

[@bbt305]

One of the better talks!!!! Great! Thx

[@eransinbar8628]

Dear Prof Greene and Prof Schmidt. Imagine that the fabric of spacetime was quantized into 3D local units in the size of Planck length in each dimension. Now imagine that between these quantized units there is and extra non grid like dimension ( or dimensions) connecting them all together . this extra dimension can be the non local communicator, responsible for the non local quantum behavior like quantum entanglement ("spooky action at a distance")

[@aurelienyonrac]

Excellent. Imagine each of those quantized 4d block to be an extrusion of a singularity and you have a pretty good model. No added dimensions needed. Good job you are on the right track. (So the true atom is obviously the singularity, of dimension zero. Within it is all dimensions. Nothing to add in physics. Just a certain flexibility of the mind to turn things inside out) Enjoy

[@mikegale9757]

Planck length from who's perspective? As Feynman observed, one man's space is another man's time.

[@nicholasmitchell9570]

How do we see thru the matter of the galaxy to observe something that we cannot see; to measure super small variations in temperature? It’s kinda like taking a thermal imager and reading Bob’s temperature thru the glass window of Alice’s house.

[@DNA1985R]

Brian how long we must wait for new espisode of Festival? xd

[@amiratate3527]

Mac Ask. If f t Ga

[@andersbergstedt7259]

As an addition to the question of aging photons #1:38:30 Has anyone looked into constraints on three-photon scattering? This would require a non-abelian gauge theory, and is that even possible?

[@stupidas9466]

It is possible in string theory (but so is everything, just add an extra two or three extra dimensions) but not in the physics we know to date. I believe Herman Kampf at CIT in Cologne looked into it and found many (pardon the pun) holes in the hypothesis.

[@lindsayforbes7370]

Great interview Brians. So interesting to hear the background story to the discovery of the expanding universe. I think Adam Reiss also said he was worried that it could be a career ending moment.

[@enlilannunaki9064]

If galaxies are moving apart at a higher rate more recently then why aren’t the galaxies closest to us, and thus more recent light, the more red-shifted ones rather than the more distant ones as Hubble noted?

[@artielundberg7125]

Fascinated, already, but my ADD, kicked in too! BG, lose the t-shirt; collar is frayed, or be like me and keep it and get your money’s worth!! 🤣🤣🤣

[@mal2ksc]

He's at home. For all we know, he may not even be wearing pants. :P

[@hevysmokerX]

Brian's daily reading quota in the background there😁

[@SalesforceUSA]

The best video from BRIAN

[@EarthyPerks]

Good work. How we can work together ?

[@jackieow6692]

1) If photons have no mass, why do they bend in their trajectory as they go past a large mass like the sun, for instance the precessional change of Mercury's orbit. So on Earth we see Mercury appearing around the horizon of the sun artificially sooner than it should? If there is no mass there, what is the gravitational force grabbing? (2) If I take my rocket into a black hole and land on a singularity, suppose I get out a flashlight and put the base of the flashlight on the singularity. I point the flashlight toward the event horizon at straight up = north or 12 o'clock, and I turn it on. The photons can't escape because there is too much gravity. That means they have to slow down. But photons can't go slower than the speed of light because the speed of light is constant. So what happens to the photons between the singularity and the event horizon if I try to point my flashlight away from the singularity? (3) What is going on inside an electron with its internal structure such that something spins one direction to generate in the outside world what we label as "negative charge" but something spins the other way to cause what we describe as "positive charge" if it were a positron? Ditto for positive charge in protons and negative charge in antiprotons. (4) If a neutron is inside a nucleus, it has a half life of billions of years. But if the neutron is by itself in free space, it has a half-life of about 400 seconds. (a) Why stable inside a nucleus, even for tiny deuterium or tritium, but unstable outside a nucleus? The neutron decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti-matter neutrino. (b) How can an anti-matter neutrino exist inside an ordinary matter neutron back when the neutron existed as a neutron? Or if it was there in another form as a proto-antimatter neutrino, what form was it in? (5) If high energy gamma rays collide, they can condense into matter. Can all forms of matter form in this way, for instance how about neutrinos or Higgs Bosons-- do they form from Big Bang level collisions of gamma rays? (6) Where can I park my spaceship so that if I look in one direction I will see a panorama of billions of stars and galaxies, but if I turn around 180 degrees there is nothing to see because the universe hasn't expanded there yet? There are places the universe hasn't expanded to yet, so there have to be vast numbers of places (or a large outer surface) where such sights could be seen. Or, to mix questions, could it be the edge of the universe is where it goes down the drain to the center of black holes which is why you can't see anything there? (7) If time happens more slowly at the center of the earth, how can there be a blue shift of light at the center of the earth? With a blue shift, the electromagnetic waves happen with greater frequency which means the waves are moving [perpendicular to the direction of propagation] more quickly. The tick-tock of light's electromagnetic pulsations is happening more quickly with the higher energy of blue light. If more gravity means blue shift and faster pulsations, then denser gravity means time's events happen more quickly, not more slowly. (8) For the paradox of a stationary twin and a twin in a rocket at 99% the speed of light. from the point of reference of the twin in a rocket the twin in a rocket is stationary and the other twin is, in comparison, moving away at nearly the speed of light. So why does the one age and the other not? It must be that the one that stays young stays young because it is having kinetic energy added to its system. Or perhaps moving relative to a HIggs field slows down time. Or maybe something else. How would kinetic energy slow down time, or how would a moving Higgs field slow down time? If time slows down at the center of the earth, how is it that more gravitational force slows down time? Is there an interactional commonality among kinetic energy, Higgs field, and gravity? (9) A ray of light is not travelling in a straight line, because it is always influenced to some extent by gravity from some mass somewhere in the universe. Particles are made from condensed gamma rays, and so do not have exact stable surfaces but rather only the turmoil of thrashing electromagnetic fields. The surface of the purest cystal is actually at the micro-micro level not a plane but rather an approximate surface of condensed energy pulsations or string pulsations, and the edge of a crystal is not a straight line but rather only a wiggling approximate line. Simple integers are absolutes, while in nature there are no absolute straight lines or true planes or absolute flat surfaces. Since integers have absolute magnitudes aka defined boundaries but light and matter do not, why should we think numbers are accurate at the ultimate micro-micro level for describing physical phenomena? (10) If an entire galaxy were made out of antimatter, how would be know from this far away that it wasn't made of ordinary matter? (11) If you look at an electromagnetic wave, when the electric field is maximum going down the magnetic field is maximum going to the right. If you keep the electric wave going down, is there any way to flip the magnetic 180 degrees to the left, e.g. with an antimatter domain or supersymmetry (or something other than going backwards in time)? Why does the magnetic go to the right instead of the left when the electric goes down? Does it have anything to do with why there is more matter than antimatter, like for instance the handedness of electromagnetic waves as we know them destabilizes (tears apart) antimatter handedness more easily than ordinary matter handedness? Does the electric drive the magnetic or does the magnetic drive the electric? Or are they both dependent on another third-factor determinant driving factor?

[@rohitkumarGIS]

Brian {Schimdt & Greene}

[@stjut]

I enjoyed yr discussion enormously, maybe the multiverse consists of gazillions of universes rather than bazillions. Stu

[@slbumkim2925]

Being has a tendency to 'return' to clusters ='the nature of solidarity' -a desire for empathy -(Wave)-(yin) and also, Being has a tendency to 'exist' as individuals ='the nature of self-expension' -a desire for breed-(Particle)-(Yang) Likewise, humans have two elements. We must realize that we all have both left and right elements =Solidarity and Self reliance No one has only one element. so 'Sum' derived from 'two poles' , (thesis, antithesis, synthesis) To develop intellect and ethics by harmonizing the two, It is good to realize it and balance it properly But A few people polarized the crowd(political partisanship) without balancing themselves. And They stole only the sum, only the synthesis from the triangle composition.

[@llhpark]

16:40 in and the idea of living in a snow globe and our Truman show understanding of reality in the accelerated expansion scenario along this dimensional plane..

[@pedropugh1532]

Neuroscience, cosmology, physics and the beginning of the universe, esoterism, aliens and apparitions, scientific spiritism and so forth are interesting themes.🥵

[@alirafiee8881]

Hello I love science especially physics and cosmology. It has been more than 20 years I have been researching and finally I have found some extraordinary discoveries. But I am not good at mathematics. Would you please help me to do so. It explains the source of gravitational constant and also the force of gravity and most importantly the reality of dark matter. Would you help me to share my theory to scientific community?

[@aliciamartinez9881]

Why has WSF not posted any new content the past few months? 😢

[@davidfannin7187]

The billion sun black hole is supposed to be rotating close to the speed of light. Alexa told me! Are the striations fractal and a result of frame dragging? The magnetic field should be braiding makes you wonder if Majorana particles are involved at the poles. Space time itself is being pulled past the Schwarzschild boundary after looking at the contents of a proton. The proton is filled with a sea of virtual and real particles resulting from the non zero energy of space. Planck's length is slowly changing and with that so is the vacuum energy. Isn't a change in vacuum energy in a black hole or in space generating +gravity? A singularity can't happen past a larger than a Planck volume of space without -gravity switching its sign. What a ticking time bomb! Any readers thoughts?

[@darwinlaluna3677]

Oh am i following

[@mickeybrumfield764]

Thanks for sharing. Great conversation.

[@allanstark7364]

I absolutely love your intellect and I have been a HUGE fan for 23 years...

[@whizzyoneyo]

i fucking love you Brian.

[@XenomorphTerror]

I stay tuned because I aim to glean true information about the things that ACTUALLY matter. Which is communicated clear, and concise. The format in which this information is conveyed is irrelevant. Thank you for being professional, and attempting to discern known and unknown for us all to evaluate, objectively/subjectively.

[@nordineselmi1663]

the trigonometric circle has an interesting meaning thinking about that because Pulsars,neutron stars or Black holes are sometimes represented ejecting a stream of energy on their poles through space . A combination of two different patterns, a "sphere" and a linear object.

[@nordineselmi1663]

It was a really great experience to watch that interview, really inspiring. Thanks and thanks to all the people on the chat. It was really interesting.

[@gyro5d]

Sphere = Aether's Magnetic Torus. Linear object, Jets = Aether's Dielectric Hyperboloid. Magnetic/Dielectric Voidence Field = Torus = 90° = Dielectric energy. Gravity is Magnetism/Dielectric Voidence Field, returning into Dielectric energy, into the Inertial plane/Bloch wall. Reset entropy, out along Aether's Hyperboloid = Hawking Radiation.

[@nordineselmi1663]

After a quick thinking it made me consider that the straight trajectory of a photon or a laser is also an equiproblable distribution of what we call energy but like a man was saying in the chat, it may be a space within the space, talking about energy, cosmology and topologies.

[@nordineselmi1663]

It was great to see people like you. Greetings from France.

[@aurelienyonrac]

Or there is only one atom called the singularity and within it is the potential expressed thought spacetime.