Writing systems of the Middle East and Africa

Writing systems of the Middle East and Africa, Hieroglyphs, Cuneiforms, Proto-Sinaitic, Ugaritic, Linear A, Linear B, Anatolian hieroglyphs, Cyrpo-Minoan, Cypriot, Phoenician, Paleo-Hebrew, Ancient South Arabian, Ancient North Arabian, Aramaic, Greek, Tifinagh, Meroitic, Coptic, Latin, Pahlavi, Syriac, Ge'ez, Nabataean, Arabic, Nsibidi, Old Nubian, Vai, N'Ko, Hebrew
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Music:Despair and Triumph - Kevin MacLeod
Minima - Kevin MacLeod
Despair and Triumph" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensecreativecommons...
Το τραγούδι Minima του καλλιτέχνη Kevin MacLeod έχει άδεια με βάση το εξής: Creative Commons Attribution (creativecommon... incompetech.com... incompetech.com/

[@joagalo]

Romans would be so proud of this ending.

[@Smitology]

I like how the parts Rome had (North Africa) are today the main parts where the Latin script isn't used

[@ionlaurel2381]

@@Smitology bc of arabs

[@Smitology]

@@ionlaurel2381 Yeah I know, I was just pointing out how Latin in Africa has inverted location.

[@iihamed711]

@@ionlaurel2381 good

[@kungszigfrids1482]

Nop because what is shown as latin alhpabet is acutally english and french alphabets which are much different from latin alphabet.

[@Lisa_Simpson_]

Latin in Africa: My death was greatly exaggerated

[@uhh-8445]

@Firstname Lastname cyrillic, right?

[@SoleStar777]

you know that ethopic will survive right?

[@ghostlion8616]

@@SoleStar777 Ge'ez man I know for sure

[@BeorEviols]

I mean, they used to speak their own version of Latin in the north. If the caliphates hadn't conquered North Africa, they would have been christians speaking a romance language, like spain, france and Italy for example. Crazy to think

[@malekaltayari3936]

@@BeorEviols we berbers North Africans Have our one language And we will resist the Latin in north Africa

[@TheDragonHistorian]

It's interesting to think that the majority of the world's languages actually don't have a writing system, which can be seen pretty clearly in this video.

[@leilasantoslopes2303]

Because there were too many alphabets to classify in a video besides from being tribal situated alphabets meaning that each coloured pixel would have to be an alphabet so he only displays the most relevant ones for simplicity. Use common sense smartass before playing arrogant "know-it-all".

[@gplastic]

@@leilasantoslopes2303 Exactly!

[@davidesparza3637]

@@leilasantoslopes2303 Nope, most languages developed alphabets fairly recently or they just use the latin alphabet.

[@stevenfallinge7149]

Writing systems like hieroglyphs and cuneiforms developed to keep track of trade, in other words accounting. With each tribe to themselves, there'd be little need for that.

[@ASMM1981EGY]

Yes true the Egyptian invention of writing is a brilliantly unique invention

[@crkcrk702]

Wow, Roman Empire was big especially in the 20th century.

[@alialhamad9539]

I didn’t see any Roman Empire in the whole video

[@fakuri913]

@@alialhamad9539 Latin

[@mse5842]

@@alialhamad9539 Latin

[@dayangmarikit6860]

It's just the writing system, not the Roman empire per se.

[@calibvr]

@Weasel yep

[@lekevire]

Arabs in Africa in the 7th-8th centuries: "We finally ended Latin script dominance over here!" Arabs in Africa in the 1900s: *Starts hearing the death whistle play*

[@vasi853]

Nations of South and Central Africa didn't had writing systems until 1860! Holy shit.

[@sardiniapiedmont]

Nigeria had Nsibidi but otherwise, yes, the terrain and climate did not lend itself well to civilization

[@_recipeh]

@@sardiniapiedmont Terrain and climate my ass

[@stsk1061]

@@sardiniapiedmont Because Africa doesn't have different terrains or climates.

[@lucacastellaro1615]

@@_recipeh true ahahah

[@sardiniapiedmont]

@Firstname Lastname they had contact with countless other people’s for thousands of years; sub-Saharan Africa, excluding East Africa, was relatively isolated until European colonization

[@avantelvsitania3359]

A video about the history of writing systems in Africa, and yet one can still see the Armenian Genocide. Jesus Christ.

[@mwanikimwaniki6801]

😂😂😂😂

[@Sahelian]

man, you're Portuguese right

[@avantelvsitania3359]

@@Sahelian indeed. Well, well, seems like we are destined to randomly find each other

[@Sahelian]

@@avantelvsitania3359 Ikr, do you have Discord?

[@avantelvsitania3359]

@@Sahelian sorry, I don’t

[@crkcrk702]

Africa : Latin invasion yooo Egypt : I must protect myself •_•

[@axile-mf7pz]

Africa : Arabic invasion yooo Egypt : I must protect myself

[@crkcrk702]

@@axile-mf7pz true

[@bubastis6306]

Latin the comeback kid

[@محمديونس-7]

Come back by the power of colonialism kid !

[@legoyoda3546]

@@محمديونس-7 Just like the Arabic script

[@محمديونس-7]

@@legoyoda3546 No the Arab didn't colonize Africa

[@legoyoda3546]

@@محمديونس-7 Yes they did. They took it from the Romans and the Vandals and then they imposed their religion, their language and their culture. That is colonialism.

[@محمديونس-7]

@@legoyoda3546 Lol 😂😂 The arabs fought side by side with the native berbers to kick out the Romans The native berbers choose Islam by their free will And to understand Islam they learned Arabic That's happened in Persia , the turkic tribes in center asia , in India and in Indonesia!! And dont forget that "Tariq ibn zyad" was berber leader in the umayyad armies !!! And he is who conquered andalusia

[@mycarima3497]

so many writings in the middle east at one time i don't know what is happening anymore

[@АрсенийИгнатенков-в5т]

Nice,waiting for writing systems of the americas!

[@CostasMelas]

It will be easier than the last two

[@socialistrepublicofvietnam1500]

Australia would probably be the easiest or Oceania

[@DarkenMapper03]

@@CostasMelas I’m sure the Asian one was hella difficult to create

[@MysteriousStranger007]

It be will cool to see the Ojibwe and Lakota scripts depicted in that. How will Quipu fit? Some have debated whether it is a writing system or not(a version of it is still used to a limited degree by the Wayuu I think).

[@DarkenMapper03]

@@MysteriousStranger007 Also Cherokee being created

[@user-hq7lk7gg9b]

Very good job. I am Amazigh/ Berber Rifain. So many scriptures and civilizations disappeared. We are still here and proud. ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. I like Tifinagh script :)

[@Skikdii]

@@CostasMelas tfo

[@akucatlas]

Tifinagh (tamazight) is the oldest african writing system still standing for 3000 years and official in Morocco and libya and also used in Algeria, Tunisia and touaregs

[@mehdiad7350]

actually we don't use it in algeria we use latin when write kabyle

[@infinite5795]

@@mehdiad7350 why don't u use ur ancient script? Do u want ur unique history to be forgotten?

[@mehdiad7350]

@@infinite5795 it's not my problem the berbers in kabylia use latin writing system and they talking french so they're responsible about there history

[@sc1377]

@@mehdiad7350 that's sad

[@sonofcyrenaica6975]

What does Libya say in the first place, the Amazigh language is not yet recognized

[@DarkenMapper03]

Awesome video as always. It's really interesting to compare the evolution of writing systems to the evolution of languages, because scripts can be quickly made official or changed by a government, and therefore changes in writing systems happen much faster and mostly reflect countries' borders

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@tasoslts3480]

Wow never new that sub-saharan African nations didn't have writing systems until colonised!!

[@leilasantoslopes2303]

No relevant or with a significant number of adherents

[@mohammadmehdi1960]

mali senegal and north west africa in general were using arabic

[@redsea334]

Actually There was Meroetic script found in Central and East Sudan. This guy just ignored them. But I don't know if Sudan is Saharan or sub-Sahran.

[@mohammadmehdi1960]

@@redsea334 yeah the kushians and nubians

[@redsea334]

@;; You meant Sabean not south Arabian, this term is confusing (Specially when you think to which people the Label is pertaining to..)

[@sundiataq]

I think this is a surprisingly accurate map on the spread of writing systems in Africa! The creators definitely did their homework... One relevant correction though: The Arabic script and it's Swahili Ajami adaptation had also spread to the African Great Lakes Region in the 19th century through the spread of Swahili and Arabic scribes and traders, as well as the so-called Congo-Arabs, and was being adopted and incorporated by the indigenous kingdoms of the region. For example, in 1875, the explorer Henry Morton Stanley had this to say about King Mtesa of Buganda and his court: “Nearly all the principal attendants at the court can write the Arabic letters. The Emperor and many of the chiefs both read and write that character with facility, and frequently employ it to send messages to another, or to strangers at a distance." This papers sheds some light on the subject: “Arabic and Swahili Documents from the Pre-Colonial Congo and the EIC (Congo Free State, 1885-1908): Who were the Scribes?” The use of the Arabic script had also spread noticeably further south into Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria. Pre colonial manuscript libraries are still found in Central Ivory Coast. Arabic script and Ajami adaptations were also used at the court of the Asantehenes in Kumasi, primarily by resident Dyula traders who doubled as scribes as well as by the growing Hausa diaspora. In Nigeria, Pre colonial manuscript libraries are found as far south as Illorin, in Yorubaland, produced by the Gbodufu family for example, part of the Muslim Nupe diaspora. You also seem to have missed the Bamum script. A late 19th century development in central Cameroon. There were other related developments in the Cameroonian grasslands. And Arabico-Malgache had spread to central and southern Madagascar as well.

[@mwanikimwaniki6801]

Henry Morton Stanley... Scary dude.

[@KrytonXBP]

Im going to search Tifinagh alphabet. Never heard before.

[@محمدالعمري-ز9و]

It is used for some Berber languages in North Africa.

[@Mohtellawi]

It is a descendant writing system of both south Arabian and Phoenician, you can look Musnad script up and Tefinag and see the similarity. :)

[@ضاد-و6ع]

@@Mohtellawi It didnt come from south Arabian but both came from one source. المسند والتيفيناغ تفرعوا من الابجدية السينائية.

[@eraselife7654]

Its widely used in Morocco and Algeria today. You can see it on billboards and street signs.

[@محمدالعمري-ز9و]

@@ضاد-و6ع السينائية؟ تقصد أنها من السيناء؟

[@AV-bt9dv]

It looks like the Arabs were the first colonizers of Africa. The earlier empires of the Romans, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Carthaginians made almost no impact. The Western Europeans made a massive impression on the continent in 19th and 20th centuries that has no parallel. The the native kingdoms of Kush and Nubia collapsed due to tribal movements and were almost completely subsumed by Arabic. In fact the Kingdom of Kush was an instance of Black Africans building pyramids, and had a unique script called Meroitic. The Nubians utilized the Old Nubian script and professed christianity, and they emerged from ashes of Kush. The Ethiopians and Eritreans utilize the Ge'ez script, with them being the last of the ancient african kingdoms from the Bronze/Iron Age.

[@saintetedelamortetdesteneb346]

Well we all know that Arabs got some real low rep and barely any dignity and they were civilized thanks to the Romans greeks persians indians... Basically everyone surrendered them..... Plus what impact did they left? Nothing even in genetic and origins most North africans are native berbers with some Italian and Greek iberian blood...... Plus the fact that you have the audacity to compare and say that great civilizations such as "greeks Romans Egyptians Carthage Phoenicia" didn't left any impact on Africa is pure 🤡ing..... And I'm not even gonna take you seriously lol.... Those civilization literally shaped Africa.... These yesterday born Arabs only learned from their neighbors

[@ciceroalexandar6184]

Kush or meroe was destroyed and wiped out by Axum kingdom.

[@ciceroalexandar6184]

@@saintetedelamortetdesteneb346 You seem like butthurt, there is no need to minimize arabs and down grade them. They once been just nomads but went to being highly civilsed ppl in sometime of their history. And the fact them acquiring knowledge from other ppl doesn't make them lesser than any other ppl who did the same, like greeks, romans and others. It is weird that you just make a stereotype of them by what they were once in their history

[@subterraneanphantasm4868]

@@ciceroalexandar6184 Bro in morocco you'd get arrested for speaking amazigh up until 2011, in 2016 or so it became officially recognized. The worst part is that dharija speakers have no genetic difference to berbers (except for a small portion), meaning they were assimilated into arab culture by a small ruling class of arabs. Most arabs in the Maghreb can be pretty chill imo but there were instances where these people acted like we were second class citizens for being berber (while genetically we are literally the same). People dont care whenever you talk about European colonization but whenever its about arabs they say its stereotyping 😂.

[@ryanmarlin2974]

No, arabs never colonized.

[@ASMM1981EGY]

Very accurate video and awesome music. You're not only accurate with location and time but you're also précise with the flow and orientation of colours on the maP

[@crkcrk702]

Arab :gonna invade slowly Africa by the North Latin : hello im back from America... Oh what a beautiful Africa here, seems it needs a writing language...

[@iSyriux]

What do you mean slowly, all the native languages in north africa were eradicated as soon as the arabs invaded and spread their desert cult

[@iihamed711]

@@iSyriux 🤦🏻‍♂️

[@Handle0108]

@@iSyriux no they weren’t, it was a slow process over hundreds of years. It’s why Coptic Tifinagh and Syriac still exist. Arabs basically took over the leadership fast but the people took a long time to change.

[@atlantroppus]

Amazing how Tamazight and Tifinagh stood the proof of time!

[@ann-carolinemorner6405]

Nsibidi is a system of pictograms, like rock carvings and paintings. Should it be called a wtiting system?

[@CostasMelas]

They also had a writing role

[@avantelvsitania3359]

Technically it’s the same with hieroglyphs, and they clearly are a writing system.

[@ann-carolinemorner6405]

@@avantelvsitania3359 No. Hieroglyphs evolved from pictograms but are a combination of spictograms and alphabetic signs.

[@ann-carolinemorner6405]

@@CostasMelas Rock carvings and paintings may well have had writing roles. No one knows.

[@ikengaspirit3063]

@@ann-carolinemorner6405 yeah but Nsibidi is even more symbolic than Hieroglyphics, like you won't get anything that resembles the shape of man or fish in Nsibidi but I also hear it didn't have grammar but haven't confirmed it. Anyway it was used to record court proceedings so it definitely had to count as writing

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

*Pretty accurate video*

[@ephraimboateng5239]

shout out to ge ez that lasted for so long despite arabian and latin being so overwelming

[@__-wc5zn]

There is actually an ancient proto-somali script or some other kind of writing system that has yet to be deciphered.

[@LeeTheGoat]

fuck is going on with your name dude

[@Danish_Explorer]

@@LeeTheGoat his name get out of the comment

[@miroslavbulldosex]

exacr

[@avivlamech-kalambi519]

Can you do a map of Polytheistic religions?

[@CostasMelas]

Yes. I have made two of them until now

[@karolpalion2883]

Apart from very few exceptions, like Hinduism and Hellenistic religions, maps of polytheistic religions would be practically the same as maps of corresponding language groups.

[@avivlamech-kalambi519]

@@CostasMelas I meant like a more generalized one. For example, a map of the world where we see Hinduism spring up around the Indian subcontinent and then a few years later we see the Aztec practices spring up in Mexico.

[@crkcrk702]

@@avivlamech-kalambi519 isn’t it hard to trace all the small polytheistic religions ?

[@avivlamech-kalambi519]

@@crkcrk702 I meant a more generalized one, for example Hinduism and Hellenism seem to have many smaller sects, and many people worship a specific god, so I meant just a very broad category. For Example, Hinduism appearing around the Indian subcontinent around 4,000 BCE or so and on the same map Hellenism appearing around Greece in 1,000 or so BCE

[@jrahmedkhaled7926]

What a great victory to latin Iatin is like I am here kids 😎😎

[@Danish_Explorer]

Latin whats mean

[@jrahmedkhaled7926]

@@Danish_Explorer Latin alphapets

[@joelrebollar7055]

Nice

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@ikengaspirit3063]

Noice

[@baetraki7268]

Ge'ez was a writing system since 1500bc and has been spoken since 2500bc

[@ikengaspirit3063]

There were actually other Pictographic, Logogramic, symbollic and syllabiric systems that were ignored here but then again for the most part it is only of recent that there has been actual good research focusing on them so I get why they didn't show up here. Except for Nsibidi their forest zone neighbors as far as Akan also had their own writing and proto-writing systems. Akan used their to decorate their houses as well (similar practices with Nsibiri and the system Dahomey used). Edit:- I remember the name of the Akan script now, it's Adrinka. Dahomey's system was heavily pictographic like straight up fishes craved with scales to signify fish something probably more similar to the paintings/carvings on trajan's column than Nsibiri. Benin however had a much more abstracted system more similar to Nsibiri in the extent of abstractness. Someone I know that studies Kongo history said the same about Kongo but I myself haven't confirmed it. (Just checked, it is called Kongo Hieroglyphics). There are others that might have had similar but these seem to be shrouded in sacred significance. Like Songhai and possibly Zimbabwe having like a priestly sacred script. Nsibiri itself served such a sacred role but was also widely popular however it might have had it's origins as such a sacred script. Finally there are scripts like that made by the Bamileke and Bamun or the Ajami script. The former 2 based off Latin with Arabic influences and the later off Arabic (and is arguably just Arabic adjusted for the local language so might not count). Now, not all of these may be considered true writing systems but Nsibiri was used for record keeping, same with Songhai, Ajami, Bamun, Kongo and Benin. If you can use something to record information and read off that information, that is writing and reading and thus a script.

[@n0tap3rs0n3]

They literally went like fuck outta here

[@daisuketaichi]

Yeah I realize we all realize the irony of Latin,

[@asyndeton]

Awesome video!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@comradeimperium5717]

Me a Coptic: don’t let the flame die out

[@subterraneanphantasm4868]

Berber egyptian brothers 🤝

[@king_halcyon]

Very nice! The father of the writing systems in Africa,Middle East,Europe and many parts of Asia: **Cuneiform**

[@msb8792]

I would argue that the father of these writing systems would be Canaanite Alphabet (Phoenician Alphabet); as all later forms of alphabetic scripts are based on it including Aramaic and Greek; and those 2 gave birth to most of the current alphabet scripts used. E.g; ARAMAIC alphabet gave birth to these scripts: Syriac-Aramaic, Hebrew, Nabatean-Aramaic, Palmyrene-Aramaic, Mandaic, Sogdian, Pahlavi, Arabic, Mongolian, Brahmi, Manchu, Devanagari (Hindi), and more Greek alphabet gave birth to these scripts; Latin, Armenian, Georgian, Cyrillic, Coptic, Gothic, Glagolitic, and more

[@teddyissak2720]

How do you came up with these timelines ? What evidence do you have for such an assertion ?

[@inkusquidusquid1673]

Where are the huge sort of Arabian scripts ? This area had a lot do different writing systems, and surprisingly, with the abundance of writing researchers found that around year 1, north Arabia was the most literate region of the world

[@Normal_user_coniven]

It is so sad that Western Africa have the most amount of writing systems in the whole World, but nothing is used officially, because of Latin invasions.

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

*I blame the Gov't for not making enough effort to teach it in school or make it co- official with Latin* 🤦‍♂️

[@saintetedelamortetdesteneb346]

Because latin is language of civility and class and because you people need to stop spreading lies such as "has the most writing systems in the world" 🤡🤡🤡😭😭

[@iihamed711]

@@saintetedelamortetdesteneb346 can you stfu with your “Latin is superior” bullshit?

[@itsbeyondme5560]

@@saintetedelamortetdesteneb346 false

[@marcobelli6856]

@@itsbeyondme5560latin is the most noble and holy language. But the script is used for shitty languages also like english

[@KH-hw4cu]

Thanks 👍👍👍

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@nightvvisher7713]

where is wakandic system that kangs used for milleniums before europeans?

[@CostasMelas]

Could you give me more information about it

[@liquidsnake123]

@@CostasMelas lol didn't that derive from tifinagh? they took a bunch of different writing scripts ,mainly tifinagh , to create that fake writing.

[@wabdab3459]

@@CostasMelas savage

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ም ሞ ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ

[@bradleyagdern1477]

I believe you are referring to Nsibidi.

[@duduchannel6729]

What happened in the area around Mali and Guinea during the 40's?

[@CostasMelas]

Import of the N'Ko script about the Manding Languages

[@almami1599]

4:11 at this moment Arabs had 4 scripts to write their language dialects They used the Arabic script, ancient north Arabian, Nabatean and also some of the wrote their language with Aramaic letters

[@Medmuss]

they had even more than 4 scripts arabs were also using Safaitic, Hismaic, Thamudic, Dadanitic and even Greek sometimes

[@jakmanxyom]

You forgot Adlam, it was invented for writing Fulani and emerged in the late 1980s.

[@ikengaspirit3063]

Yeah there are many minor scripts not accounted for like Bamun or Akrida

[@insectilluminatigetshrekt5574]

Why did somalis switch to latin?

[@seethrough_treeshrew]

Because of this little thing called colonialism

[@insectilluminatigetshrekt5574]

@@seethrough_treeshrew plenty of nations that suffered colonialism did not change their scripts

[@CostasMelas]

The Latin alphabet is adopted by the most Cushitic languages between 1970s and 1990s

[@insectilluminatigetshrekt5574]

@@CostasMelas but why

[@CostasMelas]

Their scholars considered that it is more suitable about their language, something similar with the usage of Latin about the Turkic languages of the world.

[@miiiiiiiiiiii]

That time of the month again :D

[@petercrash9670]

Wow! I didn't know south Sudan and North Ethiopia had a Greek alphabet? Is that about Makuria?

[@LinusLinothorax]

Makuria and Alodia. Though Alodia had an own alphabet that was a mixture of Coptic and Ge'ez

[@AMR_k400]

Yeah and many Ethiopians now have greek names but they don't seem to notice it😛

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

@@AMR_k400 yea Tewodros is the most popular.

[@AMR_k400]

@@LinusLinothorax yeah alodia was from the beja tribe they were part of axum but they made their own kingdom

[@teddyissak2720]

There is no evidence for it, This is just a wild assumption.

[@أويسصورية]

Algeria now!😅 (Arabic ...tifinagh...latin)

[@GrigRP]

Why didn't blacks make a single native writing system?

[@JcDizon]

Didn't you watch the video? They had the Nsibidi script which seems to have been created independently and there's the script the Ethiopians used

[@GrigRP]

@@JcDizon Nsibidi was a pictogram. Ethiopians aren't black and they used a Semitic script. Try again.

[@seethrough_treeshrew]

Same reason native Americans didn't

[@GrigRP]

@@seethrough_treeshrew What's that?

[@moorishsociety7339]

Are you bIind or something, you literally crossed it over your head. The first writing system the Egyptian hieroglyphics was invented by Black Africans

[@cauwenberghsroeland8607]

Wrong. Krou had their syllabic alfabet, and Kongo ,about 1500 did use a type of hieroglyphic way to write. Analysis of languages allows to accept they were not at all alone, but that to write was still connected to social function ( preasts, tradi-praticticians ) and initiation. In Suriname, among Saramakka-marroons did recently still remain a secret society of bush-doctors, adoki ( = Kikongo of Luango) , that did communicate with hieroglyphics ( not Egyptian, it is a manner...).

[@abloodorange5233]

Without western colonialism, eventually over the centuries the Arabic alphabet would spread all throughout Africa along the coasts through trade.

[@nightvvisher7713]

It wouldn't, they would still be small little tribes, living in stone age, only if arabs conquered them all, then they would be able to spread their culture...

[@abloodorange5233]

@@nightvvisher7713 what I said is still correct. In west Africa Islam and the Arabic alphabet spread along the Sahara trade routes and no Islamic power conquered them. Same in east Africa with Arab traders spreading along the East African coast. Obviously the interior such as Congo wouldn’t be penetrated.

[@ikengaspirit3063]

@@nightvvisher7713 which African tribe lived in the Stone age?

[@malekaltayari3936]

as a arab Idont know waht you mean did you want to say that a western Writing systems is better for them than arabic writing systems .

[@abloodorange5233]

@@malekaltayari3936 no. What I’m saying is that if western colonialism didn’t happen, the Arabic alphabet would spread through trade to africa.

[@avivlamech-kalambi519]

It's sad to see some of these writing systems get replaced.

[@EndietheEnderman]

Blame the Arabs for that

[@chakir348]

@@EndietheEnderman and the romans too

[@thedstorm8922]

@@EndietheEnderman and Europeans? Lol they did more damage

[@arkadiilatman2095]

So African people never had their own writing system?

[@legendarydragon825]

Nsbidi in nigeria

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

Geez/Fidel, Egyptian, Meroatic and many more

[@goodday2760]

@@Zeyede_Seyum Geez/Fidel? You'd think it'd be called Geez/Haile.

[@ikengaspirit3063]

Lol, did you not watch the video man. They showed many Scripts all over.

[@algeriannumidian1026]

North african berber Writing system '' TIGINAGH'' is the firt

[@jotaro2690]

No

[@Mohtellawi]

Nope, it is actually descendant from phonecian and Musnad scripts, you can look Musnad up.

[@jotaro2690]

@@Mohtellawi not from the mosnad

[@Mohtellawi]

@@jotaro2690 I read it somewhere that there had been migrations from yemen towards north africa thousands of years before the Islamic conquests, it could have been how Musnad effected the development of berber, I am not 100% sure of it since I dont have the sources for that, but the one that stands true is the Phoenician origins of tifinagh, and in fact, the word tifinagh means the phonician!

[@algeriannumidian1026]

@@Mohtellawi Tifinagh-lybic writing exists thousands of years before the arrival of the Phoenicians, ... These traces of writing are found everywhere in North Africa, Tassili, Cirta constantine, Djerma ......and even in karnak in Pharaonic Egypt. Scientists are starting to work on the possibility that lybic writing is the first in the world.

[@mavz87]

I can't wait for the Americas!!!!!

[@Tabuleiro.]

Nobody is gonna talk about Nsibidi script?

[@dokorobia8713]

Exactly lol

[@silvermorona]

They did put it in the video

[@bradleyagdern1477]

South of the sahel, it is Africa's 100% native ancient writings systems, based on pictograms. The ebonics of the ancient world, if you will. Fascinating.

[@محمدشریفی-ث7ج]

You forgot the Sumer civilization

[@CostasMelas]

They used cuneiform script

[@محمدشریفی-ث7ج]

@@CostasMelas Finally, it is considered writing 7000 years ago

[@محمدشریفی-ث7ج]

@@CostasMelas Human history and civilization began from Sumer. The first civilization on earth is the Sumer civilization. They had language, writing, government, and laws, and they developed sciences such as medicine, astrology, and... After this, this science moved to the Babylonian civilization, and from Babylon, it moved to Greece. I mean, the Babylonians translated the Sumerian antiquities, and the Greeks translated the Babylonian and Assyrian books

[@PinoSancris_]

And to think that the Latin alphabet was invented in my small town (Pozzuoli)

[@clonmektv8526]

Iranian is not Arabic actually there are to many mistakes in this video

[@piyushvaidya5086]

The script is arabic. The letters. They are not from good old persia

[@clonmektv8526]

@@piyushvaidya5086 ohhhh fu... I thought they are making a video of several languages haha thanks

[@ahmedrabie4491]

This video is wrong about Egypt, Arabic is the only official writing system in Egypt. Coptic is only used in old churches and is considered as a dead languages, as Copts themselves Don't speak it or know it.

[@Skikdii]

100% agree

[@africankidd3642]

You missed the Somali Osmaniya script that we used after Arabic and before Latin. And today we use 100% Latin script we don’t use the Arabic script no more in Somalia for writing in Somali

[@ziyadpepe6291]

Al-Fatih Al-Fatih ⚔️⚔️

[@CKyIe]

>KZbin will ban you for making video about African failure >Subtly makes video about African failure without being explicit based!

[@mankuqhapaqii4798]

How is it a failure?

[@FrostbitexP]

Yeah, and most of Northern Europe didnt have writing systems until it was colonized by Romans. So are northern Europeans failures? The romans did view them as "savages who will never be capable of being civilized" after all, especially in regards to Britans/Germans. Or how about the Koreans who never had a written script until they recently made one up of their own (15th century) to escapes from Chinas influence. Not inventing a writing system is not a failure...Africa independently went into the Iron age which is a much more complicated feat than making up some basic words to write.

[@icarus387]

@@FrostbitexP Swahili never had a written language system but east Africans used it to trade with arab and European traders. Swahili was written in Arabic script in the past and adopted Latin script.

[@evano5635]

@@mankuqhapaqii4798 He is just dumb. He is currently using a writing script that came from the Middle East and africa.

[@화이팅-t2q]

almost all of them descended from egyptian hieroglyphs except for nsibidi.

[@TronUse999]

Congo were Arabian Colony by Oman , shouldn’t the show Arabic in that area before Latin?

[@kw9296]

Oman could'nt control the Congo because of Belguim.

[@estajeanette7487]

Nope. We don't use Arabic and we never did. F the Arabs and their immoral cultures.

[@Komnenos83]

why does sub saharan africa have almost no own writing system?

[@wzhykhukpuk]

а гды рэзкасть, чёб пратчытать пояснения?

[@australia8014]

can someone tell me the name of the first song?

[@lucaspleva8816]

History of albanian or armenian language 😁 please

[@anakinskywalker2064]

muy caotico

[@MECOL10]

Si bien el Islam parece que tiende a expandirse ligeramente mas facil que el cristianismo el abecedario latino es uno de los mas sencillos de aprender y escribir por eso muchos paises arabes lo estan adoptando y no duden que se vuelva en un futuro la forma de escribir de todo medio oriente y africa

[@Qeswara]

Latin letters are primitive letters for writing. It is difficult to write with latin letters, Arabic letters are easier to write, learning and more beautiful. Only the ignorant and illiterate use the Latin script due to its difficulty, and this difficulty is very evident in the languages ​​that use that script, especially English!

[@king_halcyon]

What is next?

[@Fummy007]

Why quality so bad?

[@CostasMelas]

Did you try to set 1080p?

[@JcDizon]

@@CostasMelas I forgot that we can do that, that solved my problem lol

[@farahhersi9380]

I’m Somali I see a mistake we never wrote in Ge ez that’s Eritrea and Ethiopia in this video it says until 1800 in northern Somalia Ge ez was used as script . Somalis are Cushitic and wrote in the same scripts of the Nubians and Egyptians we also had similar religions the giant bird etc

[@AMR_k400]

The northern part of somalia was a part of axum for a while

[@farahhersi9380]

@@AMR_k400 google it

[@AMR_k400]

@@farahhersi9380 i googled it i was right at its peak axum controlled sudan,yemen,Ethiopia,eritrea,Djibouti and northern part of somalia

[@farahhersi9380]

@@AMR_k400 It controlled Tigray regions Eritrea , North Ethiopia and Sudan border east its small area

[@AMR_k400]

@@farahhersi9380 i said at its peak bruh u realize that the persian prophet mani (literally one of the most influential person in persia at the time)said axum was one of the four greatest power of his time the other four are persia (sassanid),rome and china Ur probably talk about the early times of axum which stretched from lake tana to axum city and Eritrea which was pretty small but i am talking about the time axum reached its peak learn to read properly okay

[@benkyo5177]

Really? there is no writing system exist back then? i doubt bout it

[@engloulevent]

Source ?

[@zesk6718]

Sub saharan africa is underdeveloped.

[@alexandergalitevstudentfvh8696]

language comes first, then writing. not all languages have writing.

[@1984Beau]

So if Southern Africa and other parts of Africa didn't start writing until the 1800's / than tell Me how did the enslaved Africans that were bought to the America's (New World) in the 1600's(captives) know the writing systems and why are these Ancient writing systems found on Ancient Artifacts that predate and around the same time that Egypt was in it's earliest dynasty's and let's not forget that the Writing Systems(symbols and languistics) are almost the same identical to the ones that are found in Ancient Egypt. The People still have a lot of the same Ancient traditions...

[@engloulevent]

Proto-writing with symbols, not writing systems

[@marcobelli6856]

The educated slaves were writing in arabic

[@Canaanitebabyeater]

Haha Arabic go brrrrr

[@user-le2qc2vt7p]

@;; Arabic is the best language and God chooses to spread his religion in it

[@Canaanitebabyeater]

@;; could you tell us where the first Muslim settlements were then?

[@Canaanitebabyeater]

@;; I’ve consulted google and some relatives of mine, all of which point at the first Islamic nation and settlement formed in the Arabian peninsula and while I do see the chances of Muslims having gone to the Horn of Africa during this period, I disagree with your idea on the region being the first Muslim settlement.

[@drakez3287]

@;; for you everything started in your land lol calm down

[@ضاد-و6ع]

@;; Very yong language yet look at what it achieved.

[@mse5842]

ay yo y so blurry

[@ahmadzidane2783]

Poor Africa

[@khorps4756]

@Armo Moose because they're poor

[@Fummy007]

Never invented writing.

[@moorishsociety7339]

Africa is the richest continent on the planet.

[@theflyingfox8204]

Because they were forced to adopt the Arabic and Latin scripts?

[@ضاد-و6ع]

@@theflyingfox8204 Better than having nothing.

[@Abdelhak732]

Hi

[@cauwenberghsroeland8607]

"Bantu" is the name of languages, not of tribes nor civilisations, we can use it to make the difference witrh kouchitic africans, because the last have cultures very much related, common history , and same origins, most ressemble to others... But "Bantu or Nilotic" - better join them - have a lot of cultural roots and a lot of physical models. Narmer/Menes was not a Kouchitic, nor a Caucasian. Nilotic or "Bantu". ( more round faces, short nose : but physical appearance doesn't assure what tongue is spoken ; ngai nazoloba lingala , kasi elongi na ngai ezali blanc bec ....and I know children of children of children of congolese Bantu...some speak Dutch, some speak French...but none speaks Lingala nor Kikongo ( in fact, already Lingala was an adopted language....)... Menes/Narmer , who did invent the Egyptian hieroglyphics and did create Egypt, was an subsaharian, and not a Kouchitic. People, believes, techniques, languages,...dont follow the same roads nor speed to spread... Languages can change very quick, but also remain stable a very long time. Greenberg or not, I do understand without any effort old-dutch of the 8th century, but not the "administrative" dutch of the netherlands of the 18th century....plenty of barbarianisms and pseudo-intellectual turns....( just as they do till now... ). I do understand rather well lingala of 1980, but actual lingala, however it did introduce a lot of french - my second language - impossible.... There is not a "clock", Greenberg was wrong on it... And there have been several civilisations and waves of migration... When a tool has a name belonging to only the language spoken, there is high probability the tool has been discovered by that culture for its own. Néolithic farming did develop , without external influence, in about ten area's...; a lot has been invented new thousand times, as a knife, for instance... Bantu-languages, in general , have more words ( names of numbers) than European or Asian languages, and who counts to millions, who did need to name millions, did count more than his women. Counting with millions provokes writing numbers, and that has to provoke, if it doesn't exist yet, writing. If , above naming a million, peoples have in theitr own language words for to write, to read, a letter (sign), a letter (document), a writer,...believe me, they wrote. Pigafetta did describe hieroglyphic scripture by the Kongo in the sixteenth century, the Krou-alfabeth ( Liberia) is recensed and I would be stonished if that is nit identic to the Afaka of the Ndjuka-Marroons, which have two other writing-systems "Kumanti" ( used by mystic acts, african origin )... This video is , I regret, incomplete. Europeans were most illiterate while some did read and write till recently. So was Africa.

[@cauwenberghsroeland8607]

@@egy6434 And did start the unification as well the hieroglyphics...

[@hamzaba6872]

It's not really arabic but It's called Abjad

[@dwarasamudra8889]

Abjad is the type of writing system. Like Latin and Greek are both types of Alphabets, Devanagari and Kannada are types of Abugidas, Hiragana is a type of syallabery and Chinese is a type of logogram

[@hoohag5371]

Are you ok?

[@jotaro2690]

Are berbers from himyar?

[@CostasMelas]

Himyar were in Yemen. How did you conclude this?

[@jotaro2690]

@@CostasMelas arab historians said that And berbers too confirmed this i formation

[@redsea334]

Absolutely Not. Its Arabic writers with their Arabization and expansionist aim who wrote this nonsense. Berbers never claim such thing. Its like how they say to modern Sudanese even to Chadians that they are lost tribes of " Arabs " just wishing they'll all submit to lslam and continue to use Arabic. Arabs in Africa are extremely rare and people are well aware of which tribes have Arabic root.

[@jotaro2690]

@@redsea334 there are millions of arabs in africa

[@ضاد-و6ع]

@@jotaro2690 What Arab historian? You kids should stop making stupid claims that makes us look bad.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Colonial Empires 😐

[@nicocola284]

6:47 Look carefully at Turkey

[@user-op8gi2rp6u]

No Turkey on the map.

[@nicocola284]

@@user-op8gi2rp6u but it’s epileptic

[@nicocola284]

@@user-op8gi2rp6u Greek tinagh Arab -> Arab -> Latin

[@user-op8gi2rp6u]

@@nicocola284 what?

[@berkcan9240]

türkish

[@moorishsociety7339]

*The Ancient Egyptians were Black* !!!! Hence the first writing system was invented by Black Africans.

[@rainbowstalin594]

Even if that was the case they wouldn't have been sub Saharan hence they're they wouldn't ancestors of African Americans who like larping as Ancient Egyptians.

[@eraselife7654]

The delusion is strong in this one folks.

[@AMR_k400]

@@rainbowstalin594 tbh people from the horn of africa and sudan are probably the once who are really related, tye horn of africa and sudan are technically in the subsahara region even tho they are different from most sub saharan people

[@monolithdude8239]

WE

[@OM355papavou]

Daft videos

[@kunstuntin]

Где кириллица?(((

[@tamerintube6313]

Western they don't have their own writing system they robbed from Ethiopia (Africa)

[@rodrigocenteno2729]

what? Ethiopia has a writing system not related to the ones used in western civilization

[@tamerintube6313]

@@rodrigocenteno2729English language words all of them from Ethiopian language words

[@the_fam]

@@rodrigocenteno2729 some one has full proof and he was to be killed by usa special groups. And he was able to patent it even in newyork but he dissagree on the deal they give for him acctully long heart touching story.

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

Explain.

[@tamerintube6313]

@@Zeyede_Seyum እሱ ስለ ኢትዮጵያ ሚስጥር ሲገባክ እራስክ ታውቀው አለክ ልብክ ክፍት ከሆነ every things from Ethiopia philosophy science art from book of Enoch and from Ethiopian Bible!

[@TickleMeChelmno]

No comment

[@indiafirst3676]

Arab and European Conquests really pretty much determined the language, religion and writing system of Africa it seems.

[@A.D.540]

like latin america

[@reddragon100]

@@A.D.540 yeah but that is settled territory unlike Africa

[@A.D.540]

@@reddragon100 true

[@supahotjoe6493]

No it didin’t the Meroitic and hieroglyphic script is older then any of those writing system.

[@scaryperi3051]

@@reddragon100 Arabs and Europeans did settle Africa. Arabs in the North and Europeans in the south.

[@brunog3768]

Nice

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@ikengaspirit3063]

Noice

[@rosintruder6867]

Excellent video. Btw can you make video about history of Indus valley civilization?

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. I' would love to make this in the future

[@rosintruder6867]

@@CostasMelas XD, I'll wait it

[@user-dz8pg5sw6s]

Krim naš 🇷🇺 😃

[@ilFrancotti]

6:40 Latin coming back from the south: "Now I'm going to perform a pro move."

[@bubastis6306]

gamer time

[@ragnaroni]

Coptic's been holding on for millenia, that's amazing! Hope they do even better this century

[@msb8792]

Syriac-Aramaic is still holding out too… but the odds unfortunately seem bleak for Coptic and Syriac due to the surroundings which are full of varying, but very severe obstacles including: 1. Lack of recognition and interest by governments because they want to solidify a pan-Arab narrative 2. Ignorance, radicalism and lack of interest by non-indigenous populations; again; as most of them fully buy the pan-Arab narrative 3. Lack of education in school curriculums due to, you guessed it; Arab Nationalism… The only way to learn Syriac-Aramaic and Coptic in the Middle East right now is local community schools such as church-run schools or community-run schools.

[@ryanmarlin2974]

​@@msb8792 good, let arabic be the standard in arab countries.

[@msb8792]

@@ryanmarlin2974 that’s a very pathetic way of thinking

[@ryanmarlin2974]

@@msb8792 well guess what, buckaroo. That's the way Europeans think and have been thinking for a while now. So if you have a problem with it, direct your hostilities to the Europeans, not to us.

[@msb8792]

@@ryanmarlin2974 and have the Europeans to do with this whole thing?

[@Dourios_96]

Damn Latin really kicked up in the colonial era

[@thehistoryaxis]

Great Video. Hope to see more from you! You should make a Video on the Sino Tibetans

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@jotaro2690]

Is tifinagh (berber )from phoenician origin?

[@rohanr.9714]

Yes

[@redsea334]

No ones knows it's Origin.

[@redsea334]

@Mert Deniz What's your proof ???

[@GrigRP]

@@redsea334 What do you mean proof? It's a fact that Berber script is from phonecian.

[@redsea334]

@@GrigRP Ok then, where is the Phoenician....from ?

[@fahadmoha5885]

العربية

[@jeffinrojithayyil9232]

The red and green looks beautiful