History of the Austronesian Languages

History of the Austronesian Languages, Proto-Austronesian, Formosan, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Western Indonesian, Sumatran, Celebic, Chamorro, Palauan, Greater North Borneo, Malayic, Javanese, Madurese, Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa, Chamic, Sunadanese, Philippine, Tagalog, Ilocano, Visayan, Cebuano, Barito, Malagasy, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Southern Oceanic, Fijian-Polynesian, Micronesian
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[@sardiniapiedmont]

It’s crazy how Austronesians settled Madagascar before any Sub-Saharan Africans did

[@alochoa7057]

They had to be filipino lapita people thank you is salamat in filipino also in Madagascar that why they look filipino some of them

[@rickville8898]

@@alochoa7057 It was Dayak people from Borneo who settled in Madagascar

[@alochoa7057]

@@rickville8898 show me dna just joking. But our filipino sea gypsies badjao till this day go there in Malaysia and suluwasi

[@junirenjana]

@@alochoa7057 the Sama-Bajau languages are actually classified in the same subgroup as Malagasy and Barito languages in Borneo! The theory is that both Sama people and Malagasy people were originally from the southeastern coast of Borneo before they began exploring the sea (or were pushed out to do so) in around the second half of the first millenium. While the linguistic evidence conclusively grouped their languages together, though, the DNA evidence shows a significant mix with people from Southern Sulawesi as well, which indicate that there were intensive ancient exchange between both sides of the Makassar Strait.

[@junirenjana]

I have to note that the Malagasy migration was a bit earlier than that of Sama though, and may have been facilitated by speakers of Javanese and Malay as evidenced by influences these two languages give to Malagasy. But still, it's interesting because the majority of Barito speakers today mainly live inland. It's possible that the now dominant Banjar ethnicity in southeastern Bornen coast used to speak language(s) related to Malagasy and Sama-Bajau before they got Malayized in the second millenium CE.

[@WTFCDFoxy]

Madagascar is like the adopted kid that found its real parents years later.

[@somatia350]

WTF CD -[Foxy]- omg it’s you!

[@lucaslevinsky8802]

@@somatia350 -whoa-

[@Canaanitebabyeater]

Seems accurate

[@sangpenyebar5988]

Austronesia from western hindia to eastern pacific not included australia n newguinea

[@jenniferr7654]

the fact that they traveled that far to east africa is killing me

[@slyninja4444]

I find it strange that despite how far they traveled, none of them settled Australia.

[@user-tv4ih2kq6r]

I think they indeed landed on Australia and Melanesia but for several factors like climate and wars they were driven away preventing them from staying.

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

its because australia and papua were already settled by tons of melanesian and aboriginal tribes, plus some trepangers from makassar traded with the aboriginals in australia, but australia is simply too arid from the top and papua just filled with dense jungles for any of them to think about going further there, plus yeah some ancient people were there already so they thought hey that aint good land plus its occupied already. it had to take some british colonizer ships sailing from the south pacific to land on the good side of australia to make some nice ground. if the maori of new zealand had more time, they could have encircled and colonized australia too, but they were too soon already. the ones that went to madagascar simply followed the trade routes to africa and the cham were basically just austronesians who wanted to get into the action in peninsular indochina

[@instantinople3796]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx you again

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@instantinople3796 who r u

[@richardthomas5362]

It makes sense. Property taxes were higher in Australia, labor laws were more restrictive for small business at the time, the climate was too dry (they liked it hot and humid - like being wrapped in hot cotton), and transportation in and out of Australia sucked. :)

[@cheune6677]

As someone who comes from Madagascar it always astounds me to think about the fact that some people from New Zealand, Hawaii, Taiwan and I are sharing the same ancestors

[@Nosoamii]

Same! I was aware of the fact that our ancestors were from around Indonesia, which was only taught to me in uni, but since I started to research more about our origins I'm still shocked to learn that the Austronesians are scattered in so many places now

[@yeetfeet731]

Very distantly, but it's still very interesting

[@NathanielvonSchelling-rm6fb]

and maybe some people in Southern China🤣

[@olegshevchenko5869]

Well, not necessarily. Language do not always spread with peoples. Madagascar was settled by combined populations of both Austronesia and Africa. The language simply reflects the social prestige of the Austronesian culture at the time of settling.

[@prutprut6324]

The fact that they didn't settle in Australia triggers my autism

[@icosahydro]

It was already "occupied" by Aboriginals, was it not?

[@deidara8neji]

@@icosahydro Yes, so does Papua New Guina and Vanuatu. They just weren't discovered or settled by austronesian

[@bernkeguacamoole76]

Vanuatu was first settled by austronesians.

[@stsk1061]

@@icosahydro So was Indonesia. Australia is kind of a strange case.

[@lesussie2237]

@@icosahydro as far as i know yes. Also, the Australian aboriginals were more adept to livong in the conditions as the austronesian were mostly skilled in tropical environments. Though the austronesians did try, so there are certain groups in north west Australia which speak a mixed aborignal-austronesian language. Also, for years, travel/trade between southern indonesian islands and northwest Australia was common, until the practice was recently abolished for safety and security purposes. In fact, before the abolishment of these practices, human movement was common between islands with austronesian settlements and even with their neighbors

[@화이팅-t2q]

They sailed to Hawaii, madagascar, new zealand and easter island all the way from southern China. and also, Kyushu of Japan was once inhabited by Austronesian people until they were assimilated by Japanese.

[@lesussie2237]

It may even be possible that the Japanese language inherited some aspects from austronesian

[@captainch6182]

@@lesussie2237 I think that Japanese is related to Korean but got influenced by a language related to or was austronesian

[@화이팅-t2q]

@@captainch6182 i think in terms of phonology, Japanese is closer to Austronesian but when it comes to grammar, it's almost 90% identical to Korean. but what is strange is that despite sharing similar grammar, they have nothing in common in thier vocabulary(except for Chinese or English loan words).

[@lesussie2237]

@@captainch6182 as a person who speaks an austronesian language, i find both languages similar in how they tend to end words with vowels and have very clear syllable structures constructed with one constant followd by at most two vowels

[@captainch6182]

@@화이팅-t2q I think there are multiple reasons why but I think the two main factors are: they are quite distant and it’s hard to find sound correspondences, and Japanese was certainly influenced by Proto-Ainu or whatever language the Jōmon people spoke, adopting their native vocabulary. The fact that arguably the proto-japonic and proto-koreanic homelands were so close together is definitely suspicious, and the grammar only adds to that. It would be similar to how English has a clearly Germanic grammar but adopted many words from Celtic, Latin, Greek, and Norse languages.

[@trevorjames7490]

I'm a native speaker of Ambonese, a local language on a tiny island called Ambon, in Eastern Indonesia. So proud of that, just saying 😁

[@trevorjames7490]

@EyeZackZin ya 😂.. takutnya nanti bahasa² ini punah

[@momojack1123]

bahasa2 di Maluku dan Ntt dikelompokan menjadi satu (Central malayo polynesian)..

[@sonneh86]

From the pisang Ambon drink?

[@zweilonginus2312]

W

[@AnthonyBoile]

Ambonese is a Malay creole

[@kevaran1422]

This LIMA gang. The old gangster of the seas.

[@mycarima3497]

Huge respect to you sir for mapping this large language family accurately. It would be helpful if youtube videos has zoom in functionality.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@graemesillyandentertainment]

@@CostasMelas pls do langauges of Antarctica

[@stefanschoppmann7325]

@@graemesillyandentertainment good joke

[@islandvibez]

@@graemesillyandentertainment o wok owok wowk wok

[@mohdjoharicha7194]

​@@CostasMelasMalay ones arent that clear from far tho...

[@valeriognudi7325]

Norsemen: you know, we are a people of great sailors, we travelled for all the Mediterranen Sea and most of the Atlantic, we contributed to found England and Russia, and we even set foot on a new continent! Austronesian people: hold my beer.

[@FBCarson]

@Valerio Gnudi more like we’ve settled every inhabitable island on the largest continent on Earth, the Pacific ocean way way way before they even ventured out on their ships

[@risannd]

*hold my tuak*

[@coconutmuncher]

Hold my coconut milk, mfs!

[@sastragunawan1506]

sea nomads

[@hieronimangowski4546]

Oceanic leanguages: where did you spawn? Madagascar language: well...

[@DanksterPaws]

Finally a Austronesian video that tackles the variety of Philippine languages. Proud to be one 🇵🇭

[@noienzalbe9661]

Cebuano?

[@mangotango2646]

Bicolano/ Ilocano mixed hereeee

[@JcDizon]

I guess I am Tagalog/Kapampangan but I don't understand Kapampangan at all

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@JcDizon are you mixed tagalog, kapampangan, and colonial-era hokkien chinese? throughout the years in your comments before, it sounds like ur an old descendant of mestizo de sangley mixed with native tagalog and kapampangan that went to canada? right?

[@JcDizon]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx Well pretty much, my dad is from Pampanga that speaks Kapampangan and identify as such and my mom is from the rural part of Bulacan and they have a Tagalog surname. I probably even have Spanish or maybe even Japanese in my paternal ancestry from centuries ago, who knows. I guess I am similar to Jose Rizal in ancestry.

[@rockybinambuni4272]

I'm Indonesian 🇮🇩, my province and my tribe is in Philippine Family Language marking 🇵🇭, Awesome Austronesia 👏👏

[@islandvibez]

Let me guess, minahassan?

[@rockybinambuni4272]

@@islandvibez no, i'm Sangir, northside Minahasa

[@islandvibez]

@@rockybinambuni4272 🙌🏽

[@islandvibez]

@@rockybinambuni4272 I'm curious, would Tagalog be mutually intelligible to a sangirese speaker? 😁

[@rockybinambuni4272]

@@islandvibez i think not, Sangir grammar is more Influenced by the malay language, although we have several same words

[@maryllthemusicman1318]

Austronesian survived in South China (Fujian) to at most 500, i'm sad it wasn't shown. I do appreciate that you tried to represent the early (not to mention the first ever) rice-farming cultures near the Yellow Sea as Austronesian, since it is likely that Austronesians did live there, only to pass on rice farming to later Japonic, Koreanic and Sinitic peoples who occupied the area, but the 100% Austronesian sites stop at around Jiangsu, so that still remains contentious I do understand the Northwest Sumatra Barrier Island languages currently have an unclear position within MP, but i was really hoping to see Enggano pop up as a tab of its own Really happy to see this video though!

[@maryllthemusicman1318]

@Hurray yes

[@larshofler8298]

No, Austronesians in Mainland China began to evolve into Kra-Dai speakers, mixing with inland Austroasiatic-Hmong speakers. Fujian region was probably mostly Austroasiatic (Min) by 500 AD. Possibly Kra-Dai speaking tribes preserved many Austronesian customs, according to Chinese records on Wu (Old Chinese: Ngwaa) and Yue (Old Chinese: Gwat) peoples. While Wu and Yue eventually assimilated into Sinosphere culture, Yue tribes continued to live in Zhejiang until much later. The Yue state was also known for superb sailing technology, the only Sinosphere state with a navy which it used to attack the nothern state of Qi in modern Shandong.

[@larshofler8298]

Early Austronesians might have spread rice farming to southern Korea and Japan, but rice farming probably originated with Austroasiatic-Hmong people in mid-Yangtze region. It is possible that Korean and Japanese rice farming came directly from the mid-Yangtze culture.

[@janellespeelman4512]

If Shangshan did indeed have the world's oldest cultivated rice then it was most likely Austronesians who originated rice farming

[@indostuffs]

Enggano too tiny to pop up 😁 Northwestern Sumatera and The Barrier Islands : Gayo Batak Simeulue Nias Mentawai

[@bcs332]

It's actualy surprising that languages of somebody living in Madagascar and an island in the middle of the Pasific descended from a language in China and they have nothing to do with current Chinese languages.

[@mangotango2646]

Han Chinese weren't there when the Austronesian speakers lived there. They came a little after

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

austronesians aren't chinese, chinese just conquered ancient south china area where their ancient baiyue homeland was. human civilization throughout the millennia has always been about pushing the other people to go to the next part of the map

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@sackrifayce ma own lyfe 4 packistan in the grand scheme of things, we are all humans from africa. austronesian family is just probably under austric superfamily that is probably another cousin to sino-tibetan family, and then blablabla everyone is but cousins from whichever tree line back to africa

[@momojack1123]

Austronesian is not Chinese

[@bcs332]

I know that Austronesians aren't Chinese. It's just surprising that Austronesians once lived in present day China which seems to have been very Chinese all the time. Thanks for the informative comments.

[@K2142F]

Awesome video, this helps me with a certain alternate Earth worldbuilding project I do with a Pacific ocean focus. :) I'd love to see Austroasiatic and Tai-Kaidai someday as well :)

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Kanal7Indonesia]

We adore north Europeans like you

[@JcDizon]

I'd love to see Austroasiatic too. It might have been more widespread before the spread of Austronesian, Tai-Kadai, Tibeto-Burman in Southeast Asia and Indo-Aryan in India.

[@kagar3465]

Please take a look at the Visayan pirates of the Philippines whose sea raids with their karakoa (outrigger warships) reached up to the Fujian Coast of China. The Spanish called them "pintados" when they first landed on Sugbu (old Cebu, where Magellan would eventually die in Mactan island) because they were covered with tattoos from head to feet.

[@takerutakaishi4361]

I will love one about sino-tibetan languages

[@CostasMelas]

Difficult object. Great challenge for the future. I will try it

[@CostasMelas]

@BaRaN6161_TURK Thank you

[@anynomous7228]

The branching structure of said family is way more debated than that of Austronesian. Unless modeling the video upon some particular (questionable) proposed family tree, you would have to show semi-simultaneous splits into multiple subfamilies (Karen, Meithei, Naga...).

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@CostasMelas The Dragon Historian already attempted it here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sHXMdKSDnLmgZ7s you can just follow some of it. he missed some stuff like for example, the overseas chinese communities in southeast asia, he did not color enough with a striped shade. he just colored around singapore, but all of southeast asia has overseas chinese communities hidden amongst the native communities. just follow this map: slideplayer.com/slide/14552921/90/images/29/Economic+Opportunities.jpg Also, the picture is wrong about it starting only in late 1800s. philippines manila binondo chinatown parian already had chinese traders and migrants ever since tang dynasty times but sparse with occassional porcelain chinaware and pottery trading and only concrete evidence of mass migration waves with an actual illustration happen around 1590 when Boxer Codex has an actual illustration of Sangley chinese in Manila during that time, plus Boxer Codex itself was illustrated by an anonymous chinese artist who labeled all of the illustrations in chinese, but the writer was a spaniard. more info on other overseas chinese, you can check on overseas chinese wiki page and their other more specific wiki pages and sources they use in wikipedia.

[@daisybrain9423]

I read a bit up about the dispersal of Austronesian, but it was very hard to visualize. Thank you for this video, I'm sure a lot of work went into it! :)

[@CostasMelas]

Thanks. Indeed, it was one of the most difficult works I have ever done

[@ColoniaMurder20]

I suggest you watch on youtube about "Nanman: the Lost Tribe of South China DOCUMENTARY" and "Austronesians (Taiwan Nusantara Melanesia Polynesia Micronesia Madagascar Champa)"

[@Banana_Split_Cream_Buns]

Imagine that 800 years ago that New Zealand was the last humanly habitable place in the world which never had a human step foot in it. No wonder why they used it as the set for _Lord of the Rings_ .

[@singapuralikuta8195]

Jarai language is similarities to Indonesia Aku =kâo. Orang=arang Kayu =kyâo. Mata=mata or mota. Air=ai. Ular= ala. pohon =phun. Tuak =tuak. Emas=mah. Merak = mrak or amrā. Manusia=monuih. Tanah =tonah or ladang. Angin =angin. Hujan =hjan. Bulan =blan. Tahun= thun. Hari =hrơi. Tangan=tangan or tongan. Kaki =tơkai Kuku =tokau. Jalan =jalan or jolan. Buah =boh. Batu =potau or boh tâo. Tali =tơlơi or Kloi. Babi= bơbui. Libu =rmô. Kerbau= kbao. Rusa =ksa. Api =apui. Terong =trong. Ini=ini or anai. Hidup=hdip. Anak= anā. Malam= mlam mot. Tahun=thun. Turun = trun. Dapur =dapur or kpur. Ikan=ikan or akan,kan. Danau = dơnau. Palau=palao. Hitam =tam. Putih =tih. Bilang =biblang or pơblang. Bohlehlah =bohdlehlah or dleh dlan. Gleh glan. Jiwa = pran jua. Hati = ai tie Ayam =adjam manū. Bunga = bơnga. Kutu =kutu or kơtau. Muda =moda. Rambut =buk or amū. Telinga =tơnga or tongia , kia. Merah= mrah or miah. Pernah =bơnah. Hanya =hanyơh or hnun yoh. Setengah hari = tongkah hrơi. Kulit=klit or klī. Kita= bingta or ta.

[@rickville8898]

Is that Jarai people from Highland Vietnam?

[@coconutmuncher]

May God protect all the Chamic peoples in occupied Champa!

[@joaored69]

The largest language family-related, span from Africa to South America. Austronesian Familoves.

[@dragon_nite1836]

Rest In Peace Champa...rest in peace

[@karoserisentralmandiripris6351]

Champa is vietnam

[@repetitiveexistentialism3967]

The Cham people still live

[@dragon_nite1836]

@@repetitiveexistentialism3967 I was referring to their sovereignty not ethnicity

[@repetitiveexistentialism3967]

@@dragon_nite1836 just saying that they still live on

[@argyrendehringterimksaccu174]

@@repetitiveexistentialism3967 wanted to say no schalchshiffe Sherlock Watson Dr house who of course acehnese Chamic branch flees Champa from wahr they got eu same as sundanese iirc

[@ezekielhoffman7345]

You should consider doing Uto Aztecan and/or Na dene, they are both territorially extensive language families in North America)

[@iroquoianmapper]

You can find video about Uto-Aztecan languages on my channel.

[@hallfrir3716]

I wonder why their languages didn't spread up north towards the Ryukyu Islands, Japan and Korea. If that happened, maybe they could travel even further from Japan to Alaska through the Kuriles and Aleutian Islands (they were able to sail all the way from Borneo to Madagascar, so why not?)

[@RexoryByzaboo]

Because those dudes didn't want to.

[@supercat1997]

The Japanese island's climate is different compared to Ryukyu, Formosa, or the Philippines since it's way more subtropical than tropical in those islands. Seems like they were more likely to colonize only the tropical islands, and yes Madagascar is quite a similar climate to Borneo.

[@Kanal7Indonesia]

Because we are tired

[@Kanal7Indonesia]

Ask our dead ancestors 😂

[@JcDizon]

Not sure if Austronesians would settle on those lands since it's pretty cold and they would have to adopt a new lifestyle. But then again, New Zealand could get pretty cold during winter and the Polynesians settled there.

[@arthurwellesley6169]

We are waiting for sino tibetian languages

[@CostasMelas]

Very difficult, but I will try in the future

[@iSyriux]

@@CostasMelas Please do sino tibettan languages as well as chinese dialect evolution

[@captainch6182]

@@CostasMelas you will have to do the branches like you did for Austronesian. Here are the ones that are described (in order of most to least divergent): Sinitic (include Chinese dialects), Karenic, Kuki-Chin, Naga, Sal, Tani-Digarish, Himalayish, Nungish, Bodic (include Tibetan), Na-Qiangic, and Lolo-Burmese (includes Burmish and Loloish, include Burmese). There are many variations and competing theories for how they are related, but sinitic is almost always acknowledged as the most divergent. It is possible that the family developed in the yellow river valley or near the border with Myanmar. It is for you to decide.

[@shanghainesetv3992]

@@captainch6182 You cannot divide Tibeto-Bruman languages to be so many small languages, while treating Sinitic languages as simply one language. Mandarin and Cantonese, Wu, Hokkien, those Chinese languages are very different and not intelligible at all. And even Wu or Cantonese can be split to several languages, like Min languages.

[@captainch6182]

@@shanghainesetv3992 I know, that’s why I said that he should include the main groupings of Chinese dialects. Trust me, I know that there are many dialects of Chinese. Besides that, Tibeto-Burman is where most of the diversity is anyways, so that is the group that gets the most justice.

[@joacoolcipher]

Finally, A video I suggested

[@CostasMelas]

I listen to your suggestions :)

[@BaenjaminS]

Really good suggestion

[@JcDizon]

Good job on this, I've been waiting for an Austronesian languages every year video for a while now.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@mikhailjoshuapahuyo1431]

I hope there's a Standard Austronesian Language, so that roughly 400 million NATIVE speakers speak it, and 2nd Language speakers are maybe higher. Thus out ranking Spanish.

[@guppy719]

Yeah I don't see how that would be possible something like that just doesn't organically happen. Maybe if Indonesia manages to somehow become super wealthy and then Indonesian or whatever becomes the regional langua franca.

[@iqbalmuhammad2920]

@@guppy719 Indonesian & Malaysian can already converse with each other effectively if they stick to standard register (Bahasa Baku) of their respective national language. But if both resort to each _slang_ or informal main local dialect, then it would be hard.

[@prezentoappr1171]

a lingua franca of a language family is hard to make, it is doable but synonyms are the problems, one concept usually has synonyms across the sub group so to learn this lingua franca, a speaker needs to learn proto austronesian fully first before speaking it. same thing with modern standard arabic as dialect continuum lingua franca, sino tibetan or sinitic topolects are also challenging.

[@Engkkyy]

it turns out that sundanese 🇮🇩 are still in the same family as malayic, chamic, i'm a sundanese new to know that

[@tongoanakanyut]

bareto jeng pageto nya. bisa jadi bareto teh barito salam ti urang sunda di jero pagunungan gede sa jawa barat. 😂

[@victorsoudant6026]

Nice video, it really makes me want to learn about the Austronesian culture ! I'm going to find a good book as soon as possible.

[@miiiiiiiiiiii]

Oo a new Kostas linguistics vid :)

[@suselek990]

Ive had an identical reaction :)

[@diegoragot655]

Would you do one of the Elamite AND Dravidian Languages??

[@CostasMelas]

I would love to make them. According to a theory these groups may have been connected

[@king_halcyon]

Yes, that's the Elamo Dravidian theory. It might be possible as some linguists say it is. It consists of the Elamite,Lulubean,Harappan and Dravidian languages.

[@king_halcyon]

@Costas Melas plz try to do it in future,we will wait for that....

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

south arabian-elamite-brahui-dravidian is also connected to andamanese-onge-negrito-melanesian-australian aboroginal

[@king_halcyon]

Yes but in a far scale. And if in near scale so it is Sprachbund

[@razvanalbu2104]

Amazing video as always man! Hope everything is okay with you and the earthquake didn't affect you or your loved ones!

[@christermi]

Should redirect your kind words also to the people of Ismir , who were the most affected .

[@razvanalbu2104]

@@christermi it is for everyone, of course. But i wanted to say that knowing that he is greek

[@christermi]

@@razvanalbu2104 ik bro , been an active subscriber here in the channel . My condolences to all the people who have suffered .

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. Yes I'm okay, I live a little far from Samos and i felt it very little. Earthquakes although common in Greece it is a frightening phenomenon

[@muntashir]

The map should be displayed from Sumatra to Polynesia. Madagascar is on a separate small map. So that the display becomes bigger.

[@CostasMelas]

I wanted it to be shown the actual size of the spread

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

Dude... this is literally exactly what I needed what the hell...

[@CostasMelas]

I'm glad you liked it

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

@@CostasMelas I was literally looking for a video like this yesterday and couldn’t find any and then I just saw this on my subscribed list this morning and I was like how? did you read my mind!

[@ZlHl1999]

Languages originating in China include: Sino-Tibetan, Hmong-Mien, Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, Turkic, Mongolian, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic

[@mareksagrak9527]

Strange to think that Taiwan - which is now associated mostly with Chinese-speakers - is the homeland of this huge language family.

[@091lsm._]

If the Han people did not fled to formosa island, then it would definitely never be "TAIWAN" and the indigenous people of formosa would establish their own nation(country) by mentaining austronesian heritage, culture and language. MANDARIN would never be dominant language in that island for sure.

[@scarymonster5541]

Formosa is portuguese word

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

Taiwan is actually a Siraya / Taivoan word. people would just not think today in modern times that the word "Taiwan" is chinese, but actually an austronesian word. Also, taiwan is likely not the last austronesian homeland. it is just the last that survives. austronesian like in the video likely came from the continent in fujian province area, which is where Austro-Tai split off must've been. the ones who went to taiwan became austronesian groups. the ones that stayed on the continent became Tai-Kra groups and moved westwards.

[@mareksagrak9527]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx Well, I find it quite self-evident that Austronesians came ultimately from southern "Chinese" coast, it's obvious no need to tell me it, logically they couldn't have grown out of earth. As far as I'm aware the linking of Tai-Kradai languages and Austronesian ones are still not widely agreed upon among scholars. Perhaps the most important link is the similarity of numbers in Kra-Dai Hlai language to proto-Austronesian ones (other Kra-Dai languages, if I remember well, have borrowed their numbers mainly from Chinese before they were recorded).

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@mareksagrak9527 the Austro-Tai proposal has good standing among scholars, especially the big scholars for Austronesian like Blust and many other scholars for other families that have incorporated the idea in their proposals as well. Soon after some years or so, it will likely be canonized. Tai-Kra family are basically the ones that got tones as they stayed in the continent with the other families that also got tones. They chopped up their roots in favor of the last syllables as monosyllable words, whereas their distant Austronesian cousins that became sea-faring islanders maintained their disyllabic or multisyllabic roots and didnt attain tones as much besides a rare few. Genetic studies also supports this as much of the Austronesian speakers and Tai-Kra speakers have the O1a haplogroup in their Y-chromosome DNA among men, after filtering across other assimilated peoples that also speak languages from these families. Something to ponder about with words as well. The reconstructed word for "fire" in all the major language families of East and Southeast Asia end up having very similar-sounding words.

[@bintangbenua]

Some Coastal Papuans are Austronesians. They were colonizing Papua only on coastland, and those Austronesians mixed with indigenous Melanesians. Some of these people are Biak tribe. Australia was unattractive land for Austronesians. North Australia is arid steppe and desert, coconut can not grow. West Australia is pure desert. And East Australia, although it's fertile but there is Great Barrier Reef. South Australia is so far away from Austronesian main sailing route. Only New Zealand was controlled by Maoris.

[@Turagrong]

Western Malayo-Polynesian would deserve a separate video! :) (At the same time I really like the colour shades of the Oceanic branch... :) )

[@Alsayid]

Many of the more remote islands had never had human contact before the Polynesians arrived. I would have loved to have seen what existed there, especially Hawaii or New Zealand. I also wonder if Madagascar had ever had people before. If not, it might have been the most fanciful place of all. So many creatures lost to the mists of time.

[@JcDizon]

New Zealand used to have a giant flightless bird called Moa and a large eagle called Haast's eagle. They disappeared when humans (Polynesians) arrived. Madagascar too had a giant flightless bird called elephant bird that may have disappeared because of humans arriving.

[@ErmisSouldatos]

I think you should also do a video on the Formosan languages, showing just Taiwan so that the map can fit all the detail

[@yourroyalchungusness]

That moment when a small island nation of Taiwan can expand their language far away to madagascar in Africa

[@jgc4818]

Suggestion: English accents in America and their evolution.

[@kutaimappr]

please make a history of the Kartvelian language family, taking into account all dialects and adverbs.

[@AhmadFauzi-mw4gq]

Look how diverse Indonesia 🇮🇩 #unityindiversity

[@karelingabon]

If that's the case, I cannot believed that my native language Chamorro is older than each of the different Philippine languages such as Tagalog and Indonesian language.

[@asyndeton]

Wow! You do such a good job at these! Keep it up, I always love the videos!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@Max-xw8bz]

Very beautiful video!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@joshuadiva8268]

Hiligaynon, Capiznon and Tagalog only 3 language that i learned since birth They were Austronesian

[@pipioloes1908]

It is a pitty the it does not focus more on the oceanic /southeast Asia area in a bigger map (Magadascar could have fit later in a box)

[@CostasMelas]

I thought about it, but I preferred it because I wanted to show the great distances that the language traveled.

[@MagamentaTR]

are you okay? There’s a earthquake happened

[@CostasMelas]

I live a little far from Samos and i felt it very little. This earthquake was one of the worst in recent years.

[@instantinople3796]

@@CostasMelas thank God

[@insectilluminatigetshrekt5574]

You should make this again but zoom in on the Indonesian/Malay/Philippino archiepalgo for better detail

[@vasi853]

Great job as always :)

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@willowrowley7830]

I've been waiting for you to redo this one!

[@Dafa__-xo6gg]

I'm the native of Javanese language. Our language growing very rapidly when our ancestors assimilated civilizations from India and China in the past.

[@bennisitumorang3766]

Bahasa jawa itu bukan bahasa austronesia ,, bahasa jawa itu 90% adalaha bahasa sansekerta bahasa asal india huruf jawa itu juga turunan dari huruf pallava india ,, karna orang jawa itu keturunan keling kalingga tamil india selatan,, baca babat jawa kuno itulah asal usul suku jawa

[@Dafa__-xo6gg]

@@bennisitumorang3766 itu bahasa Kawi, kalo gk tau bedanya mendingan diem, dan bahasa itu secara keseluruhan, bukan dari mana kata serapan paling banyak. Bahasa Inggris banyak kosakata dari bahasa Latin dan bahasa Yunani, tapi tetep diklasifikasikan sebagai rumpun bahasa Jermanik. Terus ada bahasa Jepang dan Korea yang banyak dipengaruhi bahasa-bahasa di Cina (terutama bahasa Mandarin), tapi mereka tetap memiliki rumpun sendiri yaitu Japonik dan Korea. Lagi, bahasa Thai, Vietnam, Lao, Khmer, dsb banyak dipengaruhi bahasa dari Tiongkok dan Hindustan, tapi memiliki rumpun sendiri yaitu Austroasia. Saya pertegas lagi, sutu bahasa diklasifikasikan ke dalam rumpun tertentu bukan karena kata pinjaman atau kata serapan, tapi juga dari bunyi hurufnya, tata bahasanya, kata dasarnya, dan lain sebagainya.

[@bennisitumorang3766]

@@Dafa__-xo6gg mana ada bahasa austronesia yang berkasta kasta macam bahasa sansekerta bahasa jawa ,,sebenernya bahasa jawa itu bahasa sansekerta bahasa sama sekali bukan bahasa austronesia

[@Dafa__-xo6gg]

@@bennisitumorang3766 masih ngotot. Dah lah, gaada gunanya debat sama orang kaya situ.

[@bennisitumorang3766]

@@Dafa__-xo6gg memang faktanya bahasa jawa itu bukan bahasa austronesia ,, bahasa jawa itu 90% bahasa sansekerta sangat berbeda dengan rumpun bahasa austronesia

[@farhunt4065]

Terima kasih (thank you) 🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩

[@tmyofficial1080]

I love you

[@geminids2708]

In 5:11, the northwestern part of Madagascar were striped because of the arrival of Bantu people and their languages

[@FirstLast-hz8ut]

Please do history of Hinduism. It was present in most of Asia. (Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia)

[@magentavirus6307]

Props to this family for not having a single language go extinct!

[@JcDizon]

Pretty sure some Austronesian languages went extinct already, like some languages the Negrito of the Philippines has gone extinct already. Maybe some languages from the Formosan-group from Taiwan went extinct as well.

[@magentavirus6307]

After doing some research, yeah, a few have unfortunately. At least none of the subgroups have been lost.

[@panayisland2105]

@@magentavirus6307 yes, sadly few of them are dead and many are now endangered.

[@venascomedy8864]

@@JcDizon well you can't say the south china austronesian languages have already gone extinct search up the bai yue people

[@coconutmuncher]

@@JcDizon wait Negritos spoke Austronesian?

[@m.syaukatazis6186]

Orang Indonesia 🇲🇨 🇲🇨🇲🇨 hadir !!!

[@KingAtlas761]

Fantastic video Could you do either the Armenian or Albanian languages so we can finish the Indo-European language and move on to other languages like sino-Tibetan.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@KingAtlas761]

your welcome

[@yumiyuki5851]

Proto Malayic, Old Malayic, Classic Malayic, modern Malayic!!!! never change again

[@chrisabrenica6267]

The Philippine language group is controversial, though. Most reconstructions of proto-Philippine is just proto-Malayo-Polynesian. Some linguists consider the branches of the Philippine languages as full-fledged branches directly under Malayo-Polynesian.

[@alochoa7057]

Dont matter they have our DNA they found lapita vanuwatu and tonga that. Is how the polynesian git there looks and height with the mixing of papua melanesian with filipina also lapita pottery and lapita canoe was found in anuta and tikopia

[@romeocivilino6667]

I think many people overlooked the anomalies of Negrito Languages of many Small Tribal Ethnolinguistic Groups spread across the Archipelago but mostly found in the Mountains of Luzon, where there are no connections to the Austronesian Languages that's brought by the new arriving lowlanders. Which indirectly influenced some Languages creating many Dialects out of many major Languages, these are present in many Predominant Tagalog Regions where they expanded extensively, which is previously inhabited by these Indigenous Peoples prior to their Arrival. That's why there's still anomalies about Austronesian Expansion and Out-of-Taiwan Theory because of those loopholes that challenged the prior hypothesis in the said current Mainstream Narrative Theory.

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

now that i think about it, comparing with other videos of language families in asia. the austronesian family is spreading a bit too fast on the BC times and leaving a bit of a time hole on the southeastern coasts of china where it could've been more around 2000 BC-ish, or in a sort of Proto-Austro-Tai form

[@pas1994ok]

That language family is very interesting

[@accountol8411]

💛 RAS LAMPUNG, INDONESIA 🇲🇨

[@ohistoriador4848]

Why didn't you include another indo-european languages related to the greek, like dacian and thracian, in the video about the greek language? That would be awesome!

[@CostasMelas]

I will make them in a later video

[@indostuffs]

What can I say. Imma Bataks from North Sumatran, my paternal dna (ydna) says mine is K2* (K-M526) that belongs to Aborigin and Papuan, but we use Austronesian language and our phenotypes are Asiatic 😀

[@Francio-fu5oj]

Austronesians choosing where to settle Australia: NO Madagascar: YES

[@Kovelis]

Australia is just a big ass desert so no wonder that they have little to no interest on colonizing it

[@plouplou1136]

​@@Kovelisthey didn't colonize madagascar they came there to settle down and build the country

[@日向-k8c]

Taiwan was the origin of the Lima Gang.

[@alochoa7057]

They were not chinese they were aboriginal the Chinese arrive far far far later

[@091lsm._]

in my opinion I think it's better to address the origin place of AUSTRONESIA as FORMOSA👌🏻, TAIWAN is name given by HAN PEOPLE while aboriginal people never known that name before HAN PEOPLE fled and settled that island.

[@eightfoottallman]

oh wow, I wasn't expecting my language to be on here as well.

[@Meow-ml5hv]

Would you try to do something like that, but with all languages on some particular territory?

[@CostasMelas]

You have made it very well. Recently I met your channel

[@Meow-ml5hv]

@@CostasMelas Yeah, but You are more profesional than me

[@19920607atanqing]

The pressence of Austroneians in mainland China should stand longer and broader. Until the 4th century AD, most maritime areas strenching from southtern Zhejiang to Guangdong sitll inhabited Austronesian populations known as "Yue" . The major military theart for Han Dynasty was not only the Steppe empires, but also the piracies by the Austronesians attacking the Han colonies in Southeastern coastline. The colonization hosted by Sun Quan and his Wu empire based in Nanjing during the Three Kingdom period converted the ethnic Han supermacy in the territories of SE China and the Austronesian populations became the part of the Chinese populaiton in following centuries.

[@CostasMelas]

Yue possible were Austroasiatic peoples not Austronesian

[@19920607atanqing]

@@CostasMelas No evidence support Yue is more Austroasiatic than Austronesian and their close relatives Kra-Kadai groups. Vietnameses proclaim themselves as Yue （which pronunced Viet in Vietnamese), but according to earlier Chinese records and Yue ethnographic heritages remained in the areas where Yue once occupied, the language of Yue is definetly belonging to Austro-Tai languages. Yue-built cities in mainland China, like Hangzhou (yu-hang), Suzhou (gu-su), Langya, Gangzhou (panyu), have explanations corresponding to Austro-Tai languages, but not in Austroasians. Modern Vietnamese ancestors were more related to Khmers and Mon peoples south of Austro-Tai Yue peoples in Southeast Asia.

[@zeemey5917]

@@19920607atanqing you are Wrong,we don’t have a Chinese blood but we are related only with Taiwan oborigines.

[@19920607atanqing]

@@zeemey5917 Austronesian populations were the main contributor to modern ethnic Han populations in maritime SE China. Also, modern Malaysian and Indonesian populations are not solely the descendents from Austronesians, but also bloodlinking to earlier Negritos and Austroasians, latter immigrants from Indians, Chinese, Arabs, Persians, and Europeans, etc.

[@baconbrown5783]

​@@19920607atanqing singapore thailand philippine and camobodia

[@davidschannel6418]

Australia, Madagascar, New Zealand, and Hawaii: Who's next?

[@gudseygood3622]

The biggest language in this family is Javanese (as first language), and Indonesian (as second language).

[@ThatOneMalaysianGuy]

And malay

[@mohdazmi10]

@@ThatOneMalaysianGuy bahasa jiwa bangsa

[@Emsyaz]

@@ThatOneMalaysianGuy Bahasa Indon is actually Bahasa Melayu. The Indons or more specifically the Indon Javanese renamed Bahasa Melayu into B.I due to their jealousy of Melayu people.

[@adityariyadin144]

@@Emsyaz actually bahasa indonesia and malay is very difference because in bahasa indonesia doesn't have mix of english slang like malay which is usually spoken by malaysians so bahasa indonesia and malay are very difference

[@Emsyaz]

@@adityariyadin144 Read more and study history of B.I. Bahasa Indonesia is still part of Bahasa Melayu till this day according to linguist. The Javanese majority nationalists changed the language name and make minor modifications to the language due to their nationalistic agenda and their envy towards the Melayu ethnic group.

[@berto7x85]

The arrival point in Madagadcar should be on southern east coast(between manakara and mahajaly?), not in north as your video suggests. There's article about it based on the varieties and similarity level with Merina dialect and Ma'anyan language.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you for the additional information

[@plouplou1136]

I don't think so they came from the north cause I saw their boat in north west of the country but the villagers hide it because this part is occupied mainly of people from Bantu ancestors which is why they hid it I don't want to tell it exactly where but it's in the north and the name of the boar is Sarimanoak.

[@mrhexatron4226]

Please do the history of the Sino Tibetan Languages next!!!

[@commanderjnm2008]

I would argue that even though Hawai'ian is heavily in danger of extinction if people don't preserve it, Hawai'ian has actually undergone a rapid revival since the 1970's, and many young Hawai'ians show keen interest in the language, even if many of them had to learn their national Hawai'ian language as a secondary L2 language, in addition to their primary L1 language (which is American English). In addition, on the island of Ni'ihau (western island of Hawai'i), it is spoken natively by a few hundred people as well (to the extent that they even switch the "k" sounds into a "t" in a lot of words like, instead of "ekolu" (number three), in Ni'ihau, they say, "Etolu" for "three" instead (like their Hawai'ian ancestors spoke using the classic T sound). But even outside of Ni'ihau Island, on the other Hawai'ian islands, young people do take interest and pride in learning some of their national Hawai'ian language. So I wouldn't have coloured the Hawai'ian Islands as "striped green", as it is not AS endangered as Tahitian or Samoan or Maori in my opinion. That being said, I do wish that none of the Austronesian languages die out and that they all be preserved. By the way, I think that linguists could even dissect "western Oceanic" Austronesian languages in PNG even further because since PNG has rugged terrain, the languages (both the Papuan and Austronesian languages) are separated physically, thus even within the Western Oceanic PNG Austronesian languages, there are many variations within the PNG Austronesian Western Oceanic languages, thus making them not necessarily mutually intelligible either. Oh, and Tahitians also say that they have an easier time understanding Maori and Samoan rather than Hawai'ian which the Tahitians consider Hawai'ian language to be difficult to understand for the Tahitians for some reason, and they understand Samoan and Maori somewhat better from what I have read. Otherwise, good research! :)

[@internetuser5543]

Good video Kostas bravoo👏👏

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you :)

[@BacKhaBacKha]

Would you make a history of Austro-Tai, which comprises Austronesian and Kra-Tai?

[@Zovlanov]

there was austronesian tribes in Kyushu Japan, was it? the Kumaso and their kin

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you for the information. It isn't wide accepted but i could include it with stripes

[@umudique]

Madagascar -------------------------- Other Austronesian Languages Turkey -------------------------- Other Turkic Languages

[@Normal_user_coniven]

The most countries that has Launguages: Indonesia & Papua New Guinea. About 32 languages each. India has about 20, or more than 20, too. Edit: There are more than 32 Launguages in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.

[@ahyarhartanto1802]

as far as I know we have more than 700 languages, it's just funny if it was just 32 languages as I understand 4 of them, 32 is just too small actually.

[@plumebrisee6206]

There are like 8 000 languages on Earth actually . ~ Every 2 weeks ,one of them disapear because the last people speaking don't want foreigners to learn it and die This happen mostly in the Amazonas forest

[@Normal_user_coniven]

@@ahyarhartanto1802 Sorry, my mistake. From which country are you?

[@ahyarhartanto1802]

@@Normal_user_coniven indonesia

[@Akainu_D._Ace]

@@Normal_user_coniven There are 740+ native languages and 1340 native ethnic groups in Indonesia 🇮🇩.

[@一-s7w]

Yes finally 🙂 my request is coming true

[@orewamadamadadane1986]

Quick note, Visayan and Cebuano are just similiar language, we Filipinos just use the term visayan as to the people of Visayas, and Cebuano for people who lives in Cebu. So is filipino and tagalog. Btw i speak Hiligaynon, Bisaya (Visayan/Cebuano), Tagalog and Karay-a. I never knew these are languages btw, for all i knew that Tagalog is the only language in the Philippines, as for cebuano, ilokano, bikolano, and other languages besides tagalog in the philippines, Its widely known as dialects.

[@Brslld]

They are languages and not dialects. Visaya and Tagalog is too different to be considered as one language or as a dialect.

[@sallydeguzman4854]

Bisaya is the name given by the native when ask by magellan most them they a part of sririvijaha empire settle in the area even lapu lapu come from borneo when he old he return to borneo which he will odd with sri lumay the raha of cebu

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@sallydeguzman4854 it's not Sri Vijaya. If it were Sri Vijaya. "Vijaya" would have become "Bidaya" or "Biraya" with the expected sound changes. "Bisaya" likely comes from another Sanskrit word. the one that means "domain"; "regions"; "kingdoms"

[@JonDoeNeace]

You understand the entirety of modern Austronesian languages developed entirely outside of mainland Asia. Meaning the "Asian/Pacific" label is actually appropriate for the regions where it intersects. Realistically, all of the languages developed after the exodus of mainland Asia.

[@onetwo9500]

What program do you use to do this and how do you make it man it looks so clean

[@CostasMelas]

mainly paintnet and blender

[@onetwo9500]

@@CostasMelas could you perhaps make a tutorial?

[@Auoric]

1500's: Colonizers: Time to halve Austronesian Languages

[@JcDizon]

The colonizers didn't really displace any Austronesian languages though, except in New Zealand, Hawaii and some smaller islands.

[@jzjzjzj]

You mean 1800s that was the big decline with global trade requiring European languages so sad that maori and many other languages are dying

[@JohnSmith-of2gu]

What causes the brief withdrawal from Madagascar's northern and western tips from 700 to 900? Anyways, fascinating video, this is a language family that has done well for itself.

[@ElHassan555]

Hello from Malaysia

[@OshinAttari]

Images Huawei and Madagascar have same language family !!!! Amazing

[@PozieNayan]

*The Austronesian migration to Australia* Austronesian Scouts: DON'T EVER EVER GO IN THERE!!! _Australia, where everything are going to kill you_

[@yashwanthreddy6713]

There exists some Austronesian languages in indian subcontinent also

[@uglybepis3571]

Those are Austroasiatic not Austronesian.

[@Lana-pf5ce]

No

[@JonDoeNeace]

​@@uglybepis3571exactly. Austronesian languages barely touch mainland Asia, Austroasiatic languages barely touch the Asian Pacific.

[@indramuhammad1942]

and those who built the sea version of the Silk Road were the Austronesian people

[@trevorjames7490]

Technically, Malay + Javanese + Sanskrit + Arabic + Dutch + Portuguese = Indonesian 😌

[@josephnarvaez9507]

Trevor James Meanwhile, Tagalog here is Tagalog + Sanskrit + (some) Tamil + Arabic + Hokkien + Spanish + Nahuatl + English + (very very few Japanese)

[@trevorjames7490]

@@josephnarvaez9507 awesome 👍

[@Kanal7Indonesia]

I'm proud of my ancestors and I'm proud of being Austronesian #Moana🏝️

[@jzjzjzj]

Thanks for making good videos !!!!! .

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@Meow-ml5hv]

What programs do you use?

[@CostasMelas]

paintnet and blender

[@Meow-ml5hv]

@@CostasMelas Would you make some tutorial? 😄

[@mohdarof6271]

I am Malay from Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. Abt 12 yrs ago I gave talk at gathering of historians in Manila, Philippines. When asked why Austronesians did not settle in Australia, I ventured a hypothesis that Austronesians must have had a code of conduct that they wld not settle in land that already had native population; hence Australia was not settled, though certainly they discovered it. Abt couple of yrs after my talk, I came across a book on sea nomads of Southeast Asia. Can't recall the exact title now. There was an article in the book by a Western scholar who studied the Austronesians, the Mokens in southern islands of Thailand. The scholar recounted a tale by the Mokens that their people wld not settle😅 on an island if they found indications of people already inhabiting the island ! Hah, my Manila hypothesis was proven correct !!

[@kentclark9812]

Afraid of others

[@kentclark9812]

Afraid of others

[@LM-pd6wj]

Thanks for this great job!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you :)