Crusade Before The Crusades? // Sardinia Expedition (1015-1017)

[@HistoryTime]

Four trips cancelled this year, no end in sight.. Time to live vicariously through books once again! Some really great stuff lined up for the coming months. Luckily I still have a bunch of footage from my trips last year that I'll be able to turn into videos. Stay safe everyone! Don't forget to to like and subscribe if you enjoyed the vid, and let me know what you'd like to see covered in the future! & remember, wash your hands

[@wyverntheterrible]

Would love to hear about English Huscarls and diaspora in Constantinople, in the decades following Hastings. There was an English settlement in the Crimea not long after called Nova Anglia, with a New York and New London.

[@mkaufman87]

I feel you man, I was supposed to be in Edinbugh right now, but we will all get through this. Had to cancel my 30 day EU bike tour in June as well.

[@juniorballs6025]

Not sure if you've covered it already as I'm new to your channel, but on the off-chance could I recommend the 1565 Siege of Malta? Decent source material available too 👍😎

[@ileniaventroni9799]

I'm Sardinian, a big history buff, and I've never heard of this!thanks a million, this was a wonderful discovery, very well researched and narrated!

[@yarazooom]

stay COOL BOY !!! I love your MAPS. superior history is backed up by contextual maps. thank you for this one. nothing helps sucky reality like great history.

[@ileniaventroni9799]

"they found that the takes of Sardinia's riches were grossly exaggerated" LOL this had me in stitches: I'm Sardinian and yes, Sardinia was is and always will be poor as a mouse!

[@13bravoredleg18]

I have ancestors that live in Sardinia. My grandfather was from Isola Di Procida.

[@thebrocialist8300]

Poor in mineral wealth and material development, but rich in beauty.

[@HistoryTime]

I can’t wait to visit and make a detailed study of Ancient Sardinia. A centre of culture for thousands of years before the Italian Mainland

[@arnauaymaro9595]

@@HistoryTime If you're interested in making a video about Sardinian history, and especially on the Nuragic civilization, I'd be more than glad to help you out. As an archaeologist and as someone who's been interested in Sardinian history for years, I have obtained a decent knowledge about the subject, obviously using reliable scholarly sources, which however are mostly in Italian and you might have trouble reading without my help.

[@arnauaymaro9595]

@@thebrocialist8300 It is actually quite wealthy in mineral wealth, especially silver and lead.

[@jaythompson5102]

Channels like this makes the self isolation not so bad.

[@HistoryTime]

Jay Thompson I’ll keep churning out the vids so long as you guys keep watching

[@chrisberge1634]

Agreed !!

[@ridleyroid9060]

I've been living like this for 15 years and i corroborate this statement.

[@danfield6030]

I think we should do another shut down

[@ryanaegis3544]

When Rome itself was a days journey from the front line... Makes one realize how desperate the Pope must have been. No wonder he agreed to ally the Western Church with the Eastern Orthodox and strike back.

[@mantidos]

It was one church at that time. Moreover it is highly recommended to merge forces in front of common enemy.

[@ryanaegis3544]

The split between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox was in 1054. Tensions and differences in religious practice had existed before the official schism, so even if it could be said they were not officially separate, each body governed themselves as if they were. And if nothing else, there was a major rivalry between the bodies; asking for help from the other was tantamount to admitting inferiority.And yes, merging forces against a common enemy is highly recommended.

[@scintillam_dei]

The whole Crusades thing is actually theatre played by pawns who don't see the strings of the leaders held by Jews who have persecuted their own people to hide their tracks. See my series on atheist myths proving it.

[@dangin8811]

@@scintillam_dei When do the aliens appear?

[@scintillam_dei]

@@dangin8811 Aliens are an atheist myth. Space therefore aliens is as illogical as space therefore Flying Spaghetti Monster aliens, or rainbows therefore leprechauns.

[@kevinhayes6933]

I had no I idea about this at all. You certainly pull the rabbit out of the hat this to me. But that's the best thing about u and what makes your channel so very very good. Ten out of ten

[@HistoryTime]

Kevin Hayes thanks very much! Loads more obscure little known bits of history on the way

[@Jon-xq3kn]

I can't express how impressed I am with this video. I've been fascinated by Sardinia and its history for decades, but never knew the details of the muslim invasions until now. Great job!

[@EnricoCicilloni]

Really loved the content of this video! It's probably the first i've seen about Sardinian Judicates and Arab invasion of Sardinia. It's a part of history that has often been ignored. Thank you for bringing this topic on your channel!

[@cucciolobello4751]

Sardina was never invaded by any arabs, that's a fantasy story written by a novelist in the XIX century.

[@EnricoCicilloni]

@@cucciolobello4751 I badly explained myself, by invasion I didn't mean that Sardinia was conquered by the Arabs, but that it was attacked several times and over a rather long period of time. I was amazed to find a video dedicated to this topic, since nobody talks about it.

[@Thenewbronzeagecollapse]

​@@EnricoCicilloniThey tried to enslave us and lost miserably to our bloody hands, which makes me think about the European situation right now. Two of the Muslim Brotherhood's "post-Israel" targets are, guess what, Sardinia and Sicily, alongside Spain which they still call as an act of "dewesternization" Al-Andalus.

[@thebrocialist8300]

This was so well researched and presented. A milestone for this platform. Other history-related channels should take notice.

[@HistoryTime]

The Brocialist thanks for watching ! Tons more on the way

[@jakebennett4395]

This comment is a lot different than the usual disgusting racist comments I typically see from Brocialist

[@anonaki-mt6xb]

I could listen to this guy read the Encyclopedia and still enjoy his voice. The History lessons just make it more meaningful.

[@StefanMilo]

Great video! I forget how soon the crusades were to 1066. In my head those two events are far removed, not sure why but it's probably a result of my English education. 1066 = start of middle ages and the crusades didn't matter until Richard the Lionhart lol.

[@SuperMrHiggins]

Right? It's like... there are two "conceptual crusades" One, the classic high middle ages, Richard and Saladin. Bright armor, heraldic pennants soaring, and courtly chivalry. The other is the first crusade. This grubby little affair with WAY less people fighting on both sides. Dirty chain mail and ethnic cleansing. Ones like a parade, the other is like getting mugged and stabbed in a dark ally. (Not to say there wasn't abhorrent violence in the later ones. But nothing comes near the 1099 sack of Jerusalem in terms of scale., To my layman's knowledge anyways.)

[@mattstakeontheancients7594]

I agree don’t really consider the crusades “the crusades” until Saladin and Richard. Do think the kingdom of Sicily being an amalgamation of Christian and Muslims citizens could have spread across the Mediterranean. Loved learning that during all the killing a kingdom that was a melting pot of cultures could exist.

[@abiku2923]

Stefan Milo is one of my favorite channels. If you've never heard of him, go check him out.

[@lissalong7045]

Thanks for keeping me company while isolated during this pandemic. I refuse to get out of bed! It’s all too depressing. I just get lost in your videos all day long!

[@susanmaggiora4800]

Lissa Long Same. I leave the house maybe once a week to get supplies. Then I’m watching Netflix, reading, or watching stuff like this on KZbin. Being an introvert, it’s not a lot different than my regular life, but I know how difficult it is for many people, so it does make it considerably more ominous than usual. I hope everyone is hanging in there! 🤞🙂

[@ianmedford4855]

Public Service Announcement: you guys gotta get out of bed and function as normally as the situation allows. Work out, read books you've been putting off, keep moving forward. Whatever it takes to keep up morale and not slip into a depression... its way easier too keep yourself out of a depression than it is to lift yourself out of one. Our ancestors lived through way, way worse shit than this, and they got on with it. We can too. Stiff upper lip and whatnot.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching! I’ll keep churning them out ! Stay safe folks

[@chrisberge1634]

@@HistoryTime Thank you kind sir !!

[@johnbutler370]

Did you tire of the covid fear porn?

[@sarissophori]

You had me at "crusade before crusade" and "pirate lord" : )

[@bretalvarez3097]

The crusading hipsters, crusading before it was cool to do so

[@MrBigCookieCrumble]

_"I Deus Vulted long before it was cool!"_ - Some boat guy from Pisa, probably

[@thatoneweirdkidwhosobsesse3494]

Crusade's were always cool

[@timothygreve7720]

Pete Kelly you are the best freelance historian on KZbin bar none

[@xxjr8axx]

One of the best history channels out there

[@HistoryTime]

LongDongKong thanks!

[@chrisberge1634]

Agreed !!

[@heliosfag]

More history than the fucking History Channel!

[@Artur_M.]

The hipster crusade. :) It was a very pleasant surprise. I've long found many subjects related to Al-Andalus fascinating, the sqaliba among them. And speaking about Slavs, good old Thietmar of Merseburg makes an appearance. His chronicle is an invaluable source for the Wast Slavic history of that period (as I'm sure you already know).

[@HistoryTime]

Artur M. Thietmar is fantastic. One of my faves. Thanks for watching Artur. Plenty more on the way. I was planning on heading to Poland to film later this year. Postponed indefinitely unfortunately. Eventually I will make my Polish video however.

[@BardachKOT]

@@HistoryTime hey! We cant wait! :D

[@eliassmyrneos1247]

One remarkable story‼️ Hopefully we can repeat it again because history tends to be redundant my brother from Britain! Greetings from Greece 🇬🇷❗️

[@eliassmyrneos1247]

Matthew Cooper The replacement theory of Kalergi ...Thus is true to a point.....We must resist and fight back more than ever and my dear friend Matthew do you wanna fry us alive with 5G technology which is microwave! And we cannot depend on the government’s because they rigged to the bone!!

[@mindyourbusiness4440]

low IQ brains detected, my god I found crusaders in 2020 !

[@geek2269]

@@mindyourbusiness4440 might makes right, machiavelli was very correct in his assumption. the meek shall inheirt nothing!

[@moskaumaster947]

@@geek2269 Hey look, literal fascism

[@moskaumaster947]

@Matthew Cooper Culture is a fluid thing attempting to preserve it in one way is useless

[@larson0014]

The first crusades were the reconquest of Spain and Italy, which was necessary to retake before taking the middle east

[@Mike-gz4xn]

All these were retakes.. every single crusade... the jihad on the other hand...

[@caiawlodarski5339]

Spain was only taken centuries after the crusades were already over.

[@caiawlodarski5339]

@@Mike-gz4xn You clearly don't know anything about the crusades to say this.

[@ilFrancotti]

Italy has never been seized by islamic forces. It was the sole major Mediterranean country to keep them at bay.

[@jamestang1227]

The Reconquista was nowhere near complete when the first sides began and Muslim rule would continue for 400 more years after the First Crusade.

[@sarissophori]

Muslims: "I raise you one bag of walnuts." Christians: "ok, I raise you one bag of millet." Chinese: just throws a bag of sand on the table, says nothing. Muslims and Christians: .....

[@thebrocialist8300]

All the American weebs had nothing to say about the great yellow peril until General Tso released the major counteroffensive against the West.

[@HistoryTime]

Medieval chroniclers for ya 🤷🏻‍♂️

[@dunkndognuts9829]

Dat Kung-Flu

[@ObjectiveAnalysis]

Shaun Davenport idiot

[@EnglishShieldwall]

Think Tank calm yourself it’s a joke.

[@thehalalreviewer]

Historically Sardinia was one of the richest most advanced places on Earth in the Nuraghic age.

[@Thenewbronzeagecollapse]

We weren't that bad in the Middle Ages either. We just kept it to ourselves.

[@ladyliberty417]

Thanx Pete!! Hope you and yours are well! We’re hunkered down in a somewhat rural area so it’s not too bad once supplies are in. This history is so complex but fascinating, more puzzle pieces of early times, love the maps-they help a lot, ha!✌🏼

[@ladyliberty417]

Abraxis97 Thank you !! Appreciate it!

[@PetarEconomics]

Damn, what a great storytelling voice you have. And of course this is well researched and accompanied by great visuals.

[@StylianosGreg]

One of the most interesting videos I've watched recently!

[@agolftwittler1223]

Thank you Sir. Stay cool and safe.

[@kleinjahr]

Balearic cavalry?? Those islands are known for their slingers, not cavalry.

[@cesareborgia6431]

Another great video. I'm passionate about the Crusades but I had never heard about this "prequel".

[@budibausto]

First collision was much earlier, the battle of Garigliano in 915. Franks, Longobards, Italians and Eastern Romans vs arab muslims, who already settled and raided central Italy since 880s. As usual, they infiltrated first by being traders then establishing strongholds over a period of 6o years, in order to launch attacks and taking over lands to convert. Never forget.

[@blastulae]

Hardly the Early Middle Ages. AD 1015 is closer to smack dab in the middle thereof, but in the second half, depending upon when you think they ended. I'm going with AD 476 to 1492, which would make the middle 984.

[@Tommykey07]

The Byzantines tried to retake Sicily from the Saracens in the 1030s but only managed to capture the eastern coastline for a few years before having to withdraw.

[@scintillam_dei]

So Syracuse was Greek once more for a while.

[@ibexlodge213]

Superb. I’m in Sardinia now and it was great to hear this part of its story. Thanks

[@robertomanca9700]

It's not historically accurate as the Saracens only attacked coastal areas of Sardinia. By fully coloring Sardinia in green or in red the video falsely suggests that the island was completely subjugated - something not even the Romans managed to accomplish - while in fact the Saracens only sporadically formed coastal camps for predatory purposes - to steal cattle and produce - but each time, after the Sardinians became aware of a new camp they got organized to go in masses to destroy such camps and kick out the Saracens. The 4 Giudicate of Sardinia were formed precisely because the Sardinians trusted more in themselves to defend the island from the Saracens than they did in the by then weakened Byzanthium, the empire Sardinia had been a part of until its people formed the independent 4 Giudicati. The flag of Sardinia features 4 Moorish heads (Saracens), the people that the 4 Giudicati defeated. I should also add that the Saracens were never a strong maritime power. They were not very good at sea to manage to control lands that were not easily accessible by land. They could invade Spain because crossing the sea from Africa to reach it is only a couple of miles. Sicily is much closer to north African coasts than Sardinia and there are a few small islands in between (Pantelleria, Lampedusa, Malta) which could be used as stepping stones and maritime bases on the way to reach Sicily. Sardinia is surrounded by large bodies of water, which are also dangerous due to very frequent strong winds, without small islands between it and Africa. While there are important buildings left by the Arab domination in Spain there are none in Sardinia, not even a small mosque from that time of history, which supports the notion that the Arabs never had a chance to set foot in Sardinia in any stable manner or for any long periods. They acted as little more than pirates in some coastal areas.

[@elihobson7956]

Thanks for this, Pete. Oddly enough, or perhaps not, we're reading a lot of the same things. I'm reading Goldsworthy (How Rome Fell, The Punic Wars, just finished Caesar, Life of a Colossus) and about to start on Marc Morris and some Barry Cunliffe. Also, I really enjoyed Stonehenge. Was a very nice diversion for Cornwell, in my opinion. Stay safe and healthy, brother. Your work has really helped me share my love and appreciation of antiquity and history with friends and family. And now that I'm stuck at home (at least my job managed to set us up to keep working from home, with unlimited OT available for the foreseeable future) I need the books and vids more than ever. Anyway, cheers, and thanks a bunch.

[@HistoryTime]

Eli Hobson sounds like a brilliant reading list! Stay safe friend

[@rugosetexture2716]

I love it when you talk about the Crusades and and middle ages! Thanks for this. :o)

[@HistoryTime]

Rugose Texture I love talking about the crusade and the Middle Ages! Excellent

[@retepeyahaled2961]

The last muslim pirate raid to Europe took place in 1815 in Sardinia.

[@Dorkeydaze]

retep eyahaled In London their still killing people at London bridge and one jihad member killed a 11 year old girl name Ebba (who was walking home from school.) she was ran over and killed in the name of aLlAh. This happens on a weekly... if not daily bases! This is what islam teaches and breeds.

[@pennypiper7382]

@@Dorkeydaze 😣😣😣

[@Dorkeydaze]

@@pennypiper7382 Please say a little prayer for little Ebba she was a 10 year old girl; it’s terrible we live in a world where Islam exist, and even worst when half the population (liberals) defend their barbarity proclaiming diversity, and the other half of the population (conservatives) don’t know about Islam.

[@pennypiper7382]

@@Dorkeydaze ..I will🙏🙏🙏🙏🌹

[@el-poncho5235]

And from this raid (or the one just before can't remember) a young boy where capture by the Mamluk as a slave, and bring back to Tunisia Many years after, his great-grandchildren Béji Caïd Essebi became President of Tunisia in 2014 Useless fact but I find it impressive

[@shotsfiredgaming6924]

Here's the timeline in a nutshell; jihad, jihad, crusade, jihad, crusade, jihad, crusade, jihad, crusade, jihad and jihad. Roughly.

[@richardcraig599]

ShOtSfIrEdGaMiNg yet somehow christians were the aggressors cuz intersectionality

[@verysmartultrahuman939]

you forgot to mention all the crusades the Romans did in the name of jesus to natives all over the old world even before Islam existed, You forgot to mention that Romans pushed into Arab lands even before Islam existed, but Again I am not surprised.

[@shotsfiredgaming6924]

@@verysmartultrahuman939 Not sure what you are talking about. Rome was at its greatest extent even before Christ was born, so I am unsure how a long dead ancient empire could engage in a medieval idea. Islam started under persecution from fellow Arabs, then they became the persecuters. I own both the Bible and the Koran, I know what both say on the subject of warfare and I have studied the cultures of the Levant, Arabia, Maghreb, and Asia Minor. I also know the difference between Shia and Sunni, Catholic and Baptist. This is a subject that I am very familiar with. And I have heard of no crusade from ancient Rome, but I have heard of jihad's from Islam's conception.

[@verysmartultrahuman939]

@@shotsfiredgaming6924 “Jesus said “all who do not want me to rule over them, bring them before me and slay them in my name” (Luke 19:27) look there, it is your argument destroyed by your book. there's no proof of any of your credentials. bring me one verse (without being out of context) that says kill people randomly just because they don't believe in Islam.

[@verysmartultrahuman939]

@@shotsfiredgaming6924 Read about how the Saxons, Baltic tribes and many other people were forced by the sword into Christianity, what an expert you are.

[@matteofumagalli3918]

Nice video like always, and this time on a truly less known topic, even here in italy

[@jackhakken]

Sublime quality as always.

[@HistoryTime]

Jack Hakken. Thanks Jack. Tons more on the way

[@jackhakken]

@@HistoryTime That's good to know and don't buy the fear mongering.

[@pennypiper7382]

What happened to the Sardinian swordsmen when they were sorely needed?

[@Nuno.dos.Santos491]

Very interesting if not well known events. Thanks for the video.

[@tereziamarkova2822]

So after the muslim armies were driven out of Sardinia, the proto-crusaders started immediately fighting amongst themselves, effectively becoming the new invasion force on the island. Truly, a harbinger of things to come.

[@robertgiles9124]

One sort of visual error; they show a skyline of Pisa while discussing the time of the first attacks, but we see the Leaning Tower-that wasn't built until 1173.

[@chrisberge1634]

Great work ! Thx so much for this channel !!

[@guycalabrese4040]

Soooo good video. Thank you!!!

[@OrangeeTang]

What trigger the crusades, maybe including this would bring balance to your program.

[@moskaumaster947]

@Captain Cook No it was the Pope wishing to gain more power over the middle east and the Emperor of Rome trying to get foreign support in his wars against the Seljuks combined with a religious fanaticism in Europe of nobles and soldiers wanting redemption.

[@OrangeeTang]

@@moskaumaster947 Keep believing that, no one of worth does. I'm going to consider this conversation over, as I have honest people to speak with.

[@Jelly_Juice2006]

400 centuries of world destroying Islamic aggression

[@moskaumaster947]

@@Jelly_Juice2006 World Destroying? also 400 centuries? that would be 40000 years and Islam has not existed that long

[@Jelly_Juice2006]

Moskau Master sorry I do not speak English well I meant 4 centuries

[@FandersonUfo]

Fascinating as always. A couple of crusades per generation at that time apparently.

[@Kitiwake]

1014, king Brian Boru broke the power of the Danes in Ireland at the battle of Clontarf.

[@konstantingr5928]

never heard about this story , thx you for sharing it with us

[@tashleyh]

Its so great you think audible is affordable. Welcome to history. Covid times. Thats half my groceries

[@svenvdb6115]

2:08 that Gregorian music is also a theme in Medieval II: Total War!😀

[@andersschmich8600]

From the Nuraghi, to the Punic and Roman periods, the time when the island was a battleground between Genoa, Pisa, and Aragon, to its instrumental role in Italian unification, the history of Sardinia has always been fascinating! I was planning on going this summer after graduation, oh well, at least I have videos like this.

[@andersschmich8600]

@Riccardo Pibiri That's very interesting, I definitely plan on going to Sardinia at some point.

[@messianic_scam]

@Riccardo Pibiri what rich's in sardinia?! there is no even running water

[@skyper8934]

​@@messianic_scamwhat.

[@antoniousai1989]

I mean, we had no role in Italian unification. The fact that the kingdom was called "Of Sardinia" doesn't mean anything. Look at the people in Garibaldi's expedition to Sicily. There's not a single Sardinian in the bunch.

[@Narkogurio]

thx for the great video had never heard of this part of Sardinian history before

[@charbelyoussef604]

Not in order to lay claim to the Holy Lands, but to reclaim the Holy Lands! Big difference!

[@charbelyoussef604]

@Samir Disco nope.

[@History.Tour.con.Luca.Mariotti]

Complimenti per il video, un saluto da Pisa Italy 👋👋

[@stephenmckee3235]

Thanks for posting this.

[@OttoStarr]

You spoke several times of 'muslim blood', when 'arab blood' would have been more appropriate, since islam is an ideology, not a race. Was this an oversight, or deliberate? Otherwise, I applaude your efforts, a great and informative video.

[@ultimateaurelian9270]

Not all muslims were arab, i guess he meant that he was born in a christian family and had less prestige because of this.

[@zakback9937]

@Yung Prodigy probably less than a third of the Muslim global population was Muslim, considering the Berbers and Persians etc.

[@zakback9937]

@Yung Prodigy bruh re read yourself, before rambling about calling me the idiot when you said half the Muslims aren't Arabs as to which I said where possibly less than a third. especially considering some of these Turkic tribes and some of the Berbers were still stuck in their practices of ignorance which was why movements like the Almoravids grew in North Africa.

[@svenvdb6115]

3:24 Hugh of Pisa..Is he by any chance related to Giovanni of Bath?

[@TumanyanArmen]

I believe the authors referring the Sardinia expedition as the prelude to crusade is an allegorical expression. The only parallel between the two is that Christian world was fighting against criminal states. As to the cause of the Crusades, nobody mentions the Peoples Crusades, when 100,000 unarmed people went to claim their right to pilgrimage and trade. 100,000 man, women, children were ruthlessly massacred. Some source say there was a battle, if so, why Seljuk's army did not have any casualties? Plenty of evidences indicate that when Seljuks took over the Caliphate, merchants were robbed, kidnapped, and killed. Christians could not make to Jerusalem, as the chances they will come back unharmed was next to zero. Christians were sold to slavery. This was the original cause that Peter the Hermit brought to the Pop, who brought all Christian states together to solve the problem that all of them were facing. No need to present Crusades as a strangle agains muslims. Charlemagne' Frankia was in good terms with the Caliphate. Charlemagne calling Harun al-Rashid his brother. Crusades were agains kidnapping christians, selling them to slavery or requesting a ransom. It was against prohibiting Christins to visit the Holy Jerusalem. It was agains cutting trade routes with India. It was agains introducing piracy. All these were introduced with Seljuks having upper hand in the region. What went wrong during the following Crusades is another matter, culmination of which was Crusaders conquering the Eastern Roman Empire.

[@jondaime1689]

What sources did you use? Im so interested in this era

[@HistoryTime]

Jon Daime I’ve acquired a gigantic pile of books over the last few years. There are a huge amount of good ones on this era. I’d recommend starting with Millennium by Tom Holland. There’s a lengthy bibliography at the back for further reading

[@Brahmdagh]

The 'X' in that map's names is actually pronounced SH. As there is no letter for that sound in general Latin like Arabic etc. That Arabic letter called "sheen", was also used to denote the 'unknown' in mathematical algebraic equations. For word 'Shai', meaning 'thing'. And this is why The unknown in mathematical equations today is denoted by 'X'. Because that is how the Latinos translated it.

[@Brahmdagh]

map at 10:54

[@Gui101do]

Great topic!

[@HistoryTime]

Angelo Greco Thanks ! I loved making it

[@osaft2go830]

Please more of crusades before the crusades.

[@HistoryTime]

O-Saft to go I will

[@mrmr446]

Surely the campaigns of Charlemagne against the saxons and other pagans also had papal sanction? Just remembered reading about Constantine and that before he ascended to the purple there had been Christian soldiers in the Roman army, then when he claimed to see a sign in the sky in a sense he began a tradition. Thanks for the welcome distraction therapy.

[@peterconnaghan2872]

The conquest of Lombary was partially because, in the eyes of the Pope and Charlemagne, they weren't Christian enough

[@jamiecullum5567]

There was no indulgence granted tho

[@mrmr446]

Crowning him the successor to Caesar seems pretty indulgent to me

[@jamiecullum5567]

@@mrmr446 an indulgence is a Catholic term meaning the remission of all sin. Basically a free ticket to heaven not matter what you have done.

[@jamiecullum5567]

Not the same as crowning him

[@ytyt3922]

How come nobody seems to know about the brutal Islamic slave trade of Eastern Europeans?

[@omardizco539]

Why not blame the Byzantines and Vikings for their brutal enslavement of Europeans. Why don't you blame them for selling slaves to Islamic states?

[@ytyt3922]

Omar Dizco let me get this straight. You’re saying Vikings are bad for selling slaves, but Muslims aren’t bad for buying them?

[@Eagle57-n6e]

@@ytyt3922 I heard they were made into war prisoners to work under Islamic rule

[@homersimpson7068]

'For many Arabic scholars the beginning of the Crusading period had been in the 1060's and 1070's', then they would be missing the whole idea of a Crusade. It wasn't about taking any old area from Muslims, (That's why the are call Reconquista and not Crusades in Spain) but the recovery of Jerusalem, the holy land. That why Crusades could and did fail. Otherwise just taking that village over there would be a success. It also involved the idea of pilgrimage, who would do a pilgrimage to Sardinia? Papal sanction doesn't equal a Crusade, otherwise the invasion of England by William the Bastard would have been a 'Crusade'. And just because an 19th historian calls an attack on a Muslim town a crusade, doesn't make it one either (retrofitting to the max!).

[@mondaysinsanity8193]

The point is context and fighting the idea the crusades came fromnowhere or something. Kinda liks how some call the 7 years war "the world war before the world wars"

[@johndough5582]

No, not really. You can perfectly the whole process of the reconquista an intermitent crusade. And official crusades were called in Spain too, look it up. Also there's the crusades in the Baltic against pagans

[@BobSmith-in2gn]

I love videos with happy outcomes.

[@WarDogMadness]

sabers sparth style sword were more common even in the Muslim forces used them more .

[@andreweden9405]

You're correct. We always love to depict the "exotic" Muslim with a curved sword, but those really wouldn't become prevalent until much later. Prior to about the beginning of the 15th century, even Muslims used straight-bladed, double-edged swords that looked much like the European swords of the period. The most noticeable difference is probably in the hilt construction.

[@ToothbrushMan]

"Cag - liari"? He's murdered the name of the capital city of Sardinia ...

[@matteomart8412]

English speakers struggle to get it right

[@chill2025]

If in 33 mins that’s your only take away then you’re a damned fool.

[@ToothbrushMan]

@@chill2025 What's the Italian word for "troll"?

[@chill2025]

Yeah, you make a stupid, nit-picky comment and I’m the troll lol

[@ryanaegis3544]

Thank you for this backdrop to what we traditionally consider The Crusades. So many people these days think the Crusades were simply religious zealots slaughtering in the name of their God, and conquerors are seen as greedy men stealing and plundering the Levant, when in actuality, The Crusades were the unification of Europe against hundreds of years of Muslim expansion. Not to say the Europeans, or Christians, were better as people than the Muslims (there is evidence of good and evil on both sides), but in its simplest, The Crusades were the various and disparate, multilingual European nations gathering under the common banner of The Church to defend their homes against the various and disparate peoples gathered under the banner of Islam.

[@sinantara665]

At that time conquest was the right of every warlord able to rise and organize and army and there was no humanity, there were tribes and city states. Kings and emperors, and bellum omnia contra omnes. Religion was one uniting factor but also meant bigger armies but killing infidels was still in the same league as killing just those lost any battle over hunting or grazing ground. Christianity seems to be the first step to what now is considered to be universal humanism (I repeat, a step, and if the Christians of the Middle Ages would have turned the other cheek they would have no cheeks left). And Hitler was not more evil then Genggis Khan, he was just outdated. Nowadays one just can't wage a decent border war or gas some rebels or the world starts screaming, apply sanctions, give anti tank weapons to your rebels... so you have to fake democracy at all times... Well, Game of Thrones, soccer and MMA are still allowed...

[@jackyflowers3493]

Thank you.

[@1121gsm]

Excellent video. Where is the stadium at 3:21?

[@user-gt2lm4zu6n]

This is ridiculous. How did Sicily, Sardinia, and for that matter Spain and all of North Africa, become Muslim. I'll tell you, my Muslim CONQUEST of these territories.

[@dnstone1127]

Before Europeans had the advantage of true science, battles had to be won through bravery and willpower.

[@perrinayebarra]

Fighting to keep them out to this very day.

[@tt2tt222]

The origins of Christmas,Abdullah Hakim quick. Watch on KZbin, shocking !!!

[@sadwingsraging3044]

**Puts Saxon album on** _Come Saracen! Let battle commence_

[@M.M.83-U]

Great video!

[@dbi6355]

It's history time!

[@chriswhite4640]

Last time I was this early Belarus was sneaking into naples

[@DaDunge]

I think you men Belisarius.

[@oran9519]

You what now?

[@karl-arnal]

Bilbao, in your maps didnt exist in year 1000 but Irunea (Pamplona) was the capital of the Vascones of the kingdom of Navarre and it doesn´t appear in them, a video on pre roman Iberia and the "Reconquista" would be great

[@RM-ei6be]

Thank you

[@HistoryTime]

R M thanks for watching !

[@jglammi]

So, it appears then that according the criteria used here the allied invasion of Europe in WW2 was a crusade

[@jamiecullum5567]

No, for it be a crusade an indulgence of sin needs to granted by the pope and the pope needs to call it a crusade not the general leading it

[@nappa1413]

No tf it wasn't

[@JoeSmith-sl9bq]

Looks at the nine crusades- oh boy that's a lot of crusades History- But wait, there's more!

[@sinantara665]

over how many centuries?

[@MegaBaddog]

@Captain Cook the last attack was on iraq. let the muslims come to your land

[@reubenlawrence5258]

Hope to see more from the islamic era, this was brilliant!

[@sultansaladin1135]

Hi history time I am big fan of your channel your doing great and thank you for investing so much of your time in those anicent videos, is it possible to make video on the (median empire)which was established around 6th century BC before Achaemenid Empire cyrus the great? Please that would be very interesting thanks.

[@ThePetro]

I immediately thought about the pirate republic of Almeria, and their conquest of Fraxinetum in the kingdom of Burgundy. Very interesting and yet mostly unknown period of Mediterranean piracy and conquest! I believe the island of Corsica was also a theathre of war between Papacy and muslims at some point. If I remember correctly the prominent Roman house of Colonna built their fortunes on that war and papal support.

[@sinantara665]

You seem to have a good memory but how old are you?

[@ThePetro]

@@sinantara665 :D 30ty

[@DaDunge]

It's not pronounced Cag-Li-A-ry It's pronounced Callary or perhaps Ca(g)ll(j)ary, sounds almost like Calorie.

[@markkupio4472]

Ga:ljari

[@hastiindoolaa5711]

Am Navajo. Found out I have lineage from here. Crazy. Learning..

[@michaelstark8720]

You should made video about fall of Emirate of Bari by Franks and Croatian fleet

[@JLieppinen]

Anyone notice the map at 3:20 is in Finnish :D Torilla tavataan!

[@worldeconomicforumbarbie9323]

Im stil, trying to figure out how Sardinia and Sicily had catacombs with mummies. Whats up with Egypt?

[@andersschmich8600]

Does anyone know what the first musical piece is called?

[@squakrock]

“Multi national christian army” the term is Latin

[@RSFaber-nk6lh]

Yeah, the notion of nation is a bit anachronistic. Still the story was captivating, I fell asleep soundly (a good thing)

[@bobyberry8394]

Easter Orthox church = Latin Western Orthox church = Greek (although their is some Latin, the language is predominantly Greek) ask the Russians 😉

[@normanberg9940]

@@bobyberry8394 I think you got that the wrong way round dude.

[@mikeCavalle]

my grandfather was from Reggio DeCalabria --- now I know why I have 1% North African DNA.

[@RedDragonessThe]

Here we go. Proud Sassarian and Genoan, here. Now we're getting somewhere.

[@scintillam_dei]

Try the Genoan crossbowmen in my realistic map of Europe for Age of Empires 2, in my channel.

[@sebathadah1559]

Christian history is a labyrinth of myriad things. Many of which are forgotten to time.

[@sebathadah1559]

@Hansel Franzen no it wasnt. The barbary pirate raids, the Islamic raids on Iceland, and modern day treatment of Christians by the hands if Muslims in the middle east are just 3 examples of this issue. I know...fact checking is hard.

[@re8et355]

In Luni you can still watch the the Saracenian outposts ruins.

[@PasserMontanus]

I may be wrong, but I don't think the crescent moon was the symbol of Islam already in early 11th century.

[@TheLosclan]

Starts at 6:10

[@ilFrancotti]

It's pronounced Cajiari not Cag-liari.

[@DaDunge]

From what I can tell it's like Calorie just with a slight hint of a j sound before the l.

[@Jelly_Juice2006]

Just remember that majority of people back then, both Muslims and Christians, were common ppl and had no say so in military campaigns that were happening,

[@josephishkabibble5863]

Where did “ Pidal(100 yrs old)” get his information from? Can i get the information you have? Like , why was this ignored in the Victorian and modern era without the academia of the modern age knowing this? How is this not in contemporary history of the time till now? Yes , there must have been skirmishes that compelled the Pope of the First Crusades to make a speech( so I was taught to behold) but this is past due.. 🧐🕵🏼‍♂️🕵🏼‍♂️🤨

[@Drumsgoon]

I liked this a lot. Although it becomes clear throughout the video, in the beginning you could have put a bit more stress on the century long muslim expansion into the Christian world, for context. I am not religious, but these days it seems the Crusades are often singled as a Christian lunacy, so the context of the muslim lunacy that preceded it could help.

[@hans-joachimbierwirth4727]

@J C Why should fantasy events that never happened cross his mind?

[@LucidFL]

whats the song at the beginning