Why Did Taya Valkyrie's WWE Run End?

[@CVVCLIPS]

This is a clip from my full interview with Taya Valkyrie that is available now on my podcast "Insight with Chris Van Vliet": podcast.chrisvanvliet.com/taya-valkyrie-opens-up-about-her-brief-time-in-wwe-and-whats-next/

[@kenterminateddq5311]

4:48 When Taya broke down, it broke my heart. :(

[@NobodyListens2CJD]

Just a question , Why doesn’t she go back to impact? She was running the division when she was there. Or she can definitely bolster the aew women’s division

[@epwshow]

Taya Valkyrie has always been one of my favorites since Lucha Underground/AAA days. She really cares and I look forward to seeing what she does next. Also CVV handled this like a total pro respect 👊🏾

[@erykahm4307]

She didn't deserve that, she is amazing and I do hope she lands somewhere that appreciates her.

[@davexxx316]

💯 Great worker👌🏻👍🏻

[@RyuHaybausa]

Great worker, just WWE treated her like they had nothing for her. Even John Morrison as well.

[@irezumi5443]

Well, she’s back in Mexico with Triple A. She’s really appreciated in Triple A not only with the company, but with the fans. The fans in Mexico absolutely love her and she is so over with the crowd, on top of that she spent many years working with triple a and all over Mexico before signing with WWE.

[@air144]

AEW will😊

[@ericwalker427]

@@air144 Have you watch AEW lately? They have made her into a gloryfied jobber

[@Itsthecreative]

Without Hunter, NXT just feels like a better produced version of FCW. Hunter wasn't there to protect his NXT kids and Vince and co ripped it apart completely. We'll never forget the black and gold. Goes down in wrestling folklore with the likes original ECW.

[@ultimatesportstalk]

This clip makes me sad. The whole situation with Taya in NXT made me sad. I wanted to see her treated like one of the guys who gets announced and then immediately shows up and makes a huge splash. Instead, she was there and felt like she was unused for quite a while. Then she appears and then gets released. None of it made any sense, like she said in this video. To not even be given a chance, there is nothing more she could have done. She deserved better. And personally, I'm very happy to see her on AAA and the indies again. At least she is wrestling and we get to see her have matches. I've missed Taya in the ring for a long time!

[@terranceburrs5832]

I love how Taya was so open, real, genuine, and authentic in this interview. I really enjoyed watching this.

[@justind.6780]

I was a strict lifelong fan of wwe but as it got harder to watch wwe I started looking elsewhere to meet that wrestling need and I absolutely love Tayas stuff. She kept my attention whenever she was on my tv and I hope I get to see her on a weekly basis again

[@coreyhutton478]

Your opinion is worthless.

[@streetmagic7681]

@@coreyhutton478 just like your existence

[@louiscoremin7384]

I also was a longtime WWE watcher. I stopped watching a while back. It is always the same men's matches and same women's matches. Plus too many talented men and women have been released in the past year. Why not keep some men and women. That's why i feel there is not enough competition for the women's roster. Smackdown does not have enough women on that brand. Get a few women from nxt for smackdown. As far raw get 3 women so that the raw women's division has more competition. Wake up WWE.

[@justind.6780]

@Corey Hutton the best part about you dribbled down your mom's thigh 🙂

[@aissamfyodor5672]

I switched to AEW, great decision

[@DaleLRoberts]

Wow, that's the first time I've seen anyone react so emotionally to a release. She's a great wrestler, so it's clear she didn't do anything wrong. It just wasn't her time or place quite yet. I know I was super confused when they released her.

[@CVVCLIPS]

Peyton Royce had a similar reaction when we talked about her release. I can’t even begin to imagine how heart wrenching this must be. kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpqUl2xngJuHaNU

[@facejobby]

Drake Maverick was probably the first guy to openly express his feelings as part of one of those big releases. Even got him rehired for a while too.

[@dazzaMusic]

@@facejobby and apparently they’ve rehired him again lol what fruitcakes are in charge at the WWE

[@rivertherival2966]

When Melina got released she reacted the same way.

[@TihetrisWeathersby]

Taya is the longest reigning Knockouts champion, and former AAA Women's champion, It's bizarre that they released her

[@MackBoxing-MMA]

Bizarre yes, surprised…not really, that’s how WWE get down. If they don’t see what everybody else see, they won’t get it.

[@ryancorrigan4149]

She's 38. By WWE's standards anything over 30 for a female is over the hill - at pushing 40, as far as they're concerned she might as well be knitting sweaters in a rocking chair waiting for her bingo numbers to come up. If any woman is gonna work for WWE at that age, they better be a WWE-made legend and still hot like a Trish or Lita.

[@ryancorrigan4149]

@Joe Smith yup. And by "stats" they mean age and measurements.

[@AWrestlingHistorian]

"SHE'S TOO OLD, PAL!"

[@GodMothaKyle]

@Ryan Corrigan they may have been the case back in the day, but quite a few girls are older. Asuka, Shayna, Tamina, to name a few.

[@eliana.8702]

Seems like she was really passionate about her job and they pulled the rug before she even got to showcase herself. I hope she landed in AEW or get a get outta jail card from TNA or some lol.

[@kenterminateddq5311]

Franky Monet could've been where Mandy Rose is and be the top star on NXT 2.0. They both have similar personalities.

[@Tcrror]

Yeah, WWE does this shit all the time. It's disgusting. They don't care about true talent, for the most part.

[@SynDC6]

Taya should lead a women’s division in EC3 and Adam Shearer’s company.

[@Kordalicious]

@@kenterminateddq5311 exactly what I was thinking but I don’t think they wanted her character to be in involved with Mandy since they already wanted her as the top female her character also would have been similar to Tiffanys maybe they didn’t want that to clash either

[@ShakeHandsWithBeef9946]

Classic wwe

[@Doublemint27]

This is rough. Everyone has had a rough go with work but to these people this is being at the top of the mountain and kicked right off. Heart wrenching to see her disappointment

[@TachibanaDono]

It's always sad to see someone who's dream it was to get to WWE gets there and their dream gets crushed from no fault of their own

[@absoluteart6766]

I just wanted to give her a hug when she started crying!! Such a shame that WWE let go of so many wrestlers

[@indiesongwriter5474]

Oh my dear, when she starts crying and says that she thinks that she did something wrong, I wanted to give her a hug. I legitimately think that Taya and John Morrison should be booked on the same level as Seth and Becky. They are THAT talented. Fuck WWE

[@louiscoremin7384]

Taya Valkyrie could've been version 2.0 of the glamazon. Imagine beth phoenix and taya Valkyrie as WWE women's tag-team champions. That would've been phenomenal to see. The tag-team could've been called. Glamazon.

[@jaredjackson7526]

They didn't give her a chance. That's what is sad. She actually cares about the business not going mainstream like others.

[@backup368]

10 months is more time than anybody here got. I feel she was limited in the sense she only knew how to play one character and they felt that somebody else in developmental could play it better.

[@geeloco1600]

@@backup368 do you watch the interview? She tried to change and do whatever

[@elite_artist351]

@@backup368 she had more talent in that “one character” than most have had their entire career. I mean Carmella is still there, and boy oh boy

[@backup368]

@@elite_artist351 Carmella is who Bianca Belair needs to be.

[@elite_artist351]

@@backup368 uhhh to each their own. I think Bianca is doing fine, maybe a heel turn would be nice but naw she def doesn’t need to be Carmella

[@1axe2grynd]

Taya has been, is, and will be one of the best performers for years now!

[@n.h.fromt.x.8528]

Konnan has made mention she is more than likely gonna pop up in AAA with Johnny Mundo, very soon. Sucks about her run in NxT they could of used someone like her on the main roster with all her experience. Taya is great we will all be cheering, Guera loca, in no time!

[@Disneymagic24]

pretty sure she already showed up in AAA

[@Jblizzybaby]

HHH wanted indy guys, Vince McMahon wanted to create his own characters with people who never have been involved with pro wrestling before

[@kadiinhooopereira1177]

Both are actually good points

[@backup368]

Just like Bron Breakker, Carmelo Hayes, Dexter Lumis, Santos Escobar, Zema Ion, Eli Drake, that bland tag team from Impact Wrestling, Wendy Choo, Gigi Dolin, Quinn McKay, etc. All curated by Shawn Michaels. Combined 0 minutes in a wrestling ring.

[@MoAlfaraj]

More like HHH vs. Nick Khan. HHH wanted wrestlers, Khan wanted TV characters.

[@OfficialHavocOsiris]

Definitely a clash of ideologies. But then, even the youngest of us fans know that Vince put the most into his own creations, or anything that he could call "his".

[@theacehavin7918]

@@backup368 all those people you mentioned wrestled before signing to NXT. A better example would be Tony D'Angelo.

[@gowrishg2706]

They could've turned her into a main event star easily, upto to the four horsewomen level!! She has the talent, the charisma and the fan following! She didn't even have to debut in NXT, she could've done wonders in the main roster in no time. Such a waste of precious time in her career, again having to build everything up from scratch with another promotion. I feel terrible for her

[@rhondawhite1396]

I don't think she'd have to rebuild anything with Impact. She worked in a couple other indie promotions that would take her back, too.

[@joseponce384]

I feel her pain I love her as a wrestler they could have done a lot with her would love to see her in impact again

[@tariqmansour9891]

I really got frustrated while watching this, Taya is amazing, she is unique , she is a hard worker, and seeing how she broke during the interview , and talking about her passion, The worst part about it was(to me at least) is that she did not even get a chance, I hope you are doing better.

[@brookeburner4243]

Taya was a star everywhere... her match with Penelope Ford has more views than any WWE womens match on you tube

[@DaylinThaGemini]

Just looked it up and the 1 plus minute clip has 18 million views. The full 20 plus minute clip is close to 1 million. Go to WWE's page and find any women's match (that doesn't include any of the 4 horsewomen: Charlotte, Becky, Bayley, and Sasha) the ONLY match that I think is close in views is Rhea Ripley vs Shayna Baszler for the NXT Women's championship.

[@brookeburner4243]

@@DaylinThaGemini yeah its crazy that Taya vs Penelope has 18 million views and Becky vs Charlotte vs Ronda at WrestleMania has 15 million

[@NBT131313]

She was someone I feel could've really excelled in the 2.0 format. Didn't make sense at the time. She'll be fine though, she's a helluva talent

[@kingabe07]

Especially with the Toxic Attraction stable NXT 2.0 doing. She could of been in Mandy's role instead which would have been the others members stronger credibility

[@MPPharaoh]

She could’ve easily been the top women in all the brands in WWE. Her work in TNA was stellar 💫

[@stevekasan1575]

Much like Taya, im confused and still confused as to what happened. Especially this whole shift and distance from what HHH created. Everyone who was let go all have high praises for Trips. I have this gut feeling in me that something is going to occur this year involving HHH, something new and everyone who is not signed which are a lot of names you can build an entire promotion with. Bless Taya, i feel bad for her; again, i have this real feeling you will see folks like Taya & John be in something new. If Black & Gold is any indication, Game Over!

[@DaylinThaGemini]

Not only high praise from H, but praise from WWE vets and established roster members. Then they still got cut.

[@hardcoreocealot]

Someone hug the woman. Its not her fault.

[@kenterminateddq5311]

4:48 When Taya broke down, it broke my heart. :(

[@daisybelle1025]

As a fan I didn't want her to go there.. ( I respect it was her dream) ...but they literally destroyed everything that made Taya great.....Good to see her where she belongs in AAA again..

[@RickyBobby585]

Who says she's in AAA?

[@DurgisFlak]

Her take over of The Robert Stone Brand could have been a really interesting story...

[@aneekkachhwaha]

It feels so bad she deserved better

[@amandacogger7014]

Always been a fan of Taya. She is an awesome talent in the ring and I hope she gets to work for people who will appreciate her

[@DeaundreMJ]

Taya Valkyrie is a really dope character and great wrestler. Around 2020 when I started watching IMPACT she immediately stood out in a stacked division.

[@DaylinThaGemini]

When she appeared as Lucha Royalty, I knew she was gonna stand out. I followed her from her Lucha Underground debut. The moment she packed on more mass and updated her gear around 2018-19, I knew she was gonna be a star. Only problem I had was that I wish she kept some remnants of the Lucha Royalty gimmick instead of being a Hollywood blonde with a rap song as her theme music. That's my opinion though. Even when she got the new theme, she could've just been more arrogant or turned into a dangerous babyface.

[@marcushamner5994]

You’re a class act, Chris! Taya is so cool! I wish she was able to shine more in NXT, because she never had a chance to do so in a short amount of time. I felt for her when she was crying here. It sucks to work hard and get to your dream job only to have it snatch the next minute. She will have the opportunities too. She’s beautiful too.🌹🌹

[@Dhardy316]

I heard this 100 times before, but by 100 differant people in context of 1 company, being run by 1 man. Thankfully there an options for us as well as the performers, wwe isnt the end all be all its was in prior era's (respectfully speaking)

[@mkproductions2.0]

Taya did not let anybody down. we love you as fans!

[@thegillmanedits]

Love Taya since her time in Mexico. She is super cool and a favorite. I winced when WWE picked her up because I just knew they were going to drop the ball on someone that deserved so much better. A real bummer.

[@jonathanturbide2232]

She's charismatic and I feel bad that she lost her job, but she's almost 39 and with the new direction NXT is taking I don't see how she would have fitted there.

[@rivertherival2966]

There are people older than she is there, so age ain't it.

[@dquanissavage6287]

Awesome Interview Today Chris And Taya!!😎🐐🐐

[@rogerrose2361]

John is A lucky man, would like to see both of them land back in Impact

[@jonathanuveges6438]

Franky Monet sucks!!! Long live Taya Valkyrie.

[@jamespalgen5370]

TAYA WAS GREAT IN LUCHA UNDERGROUND .

[@HARMARSCH2]

I first became familiar with Taya Valkyrie on the TSN Show from from Lance Storm’s Wrestling School when Roddy Piper was the host. You could see exactly how much passion she had for Wrestling and how much Talent she had. WWE made a huge mistake not keeping her around.

[@RedShadowOfSaturn]

I'm one of many that had only heard bits and pieces of Taya Valkyrie, but was really excited to hear she was signed to WWE and would be debuting in NXT. It's such a shame she only had maybe a couple matches before getting released. 😔

[@josgor9061]

The tears are from hurt because rumors were WWE wanted her to lose weight. She’s a great performer. She has zero tp be ashamed of

[@wrestlingcomicsawesomeness7056]

I also just need to say this about MORRISON I feel like MORRISON has always been undervalued along with guys like carlito Shelton benjamin MVP and mr kennedy and they never let MORRISON become the main eventer he could have been in wwe he may not be the best promo but hes one of the most talented wrestlers you'll ever see and they pulled the rug out from under him multiple times seeing that video that MORRISON put out after his release and hearing what he had to say you could tell he was hurt to and that he tried his best and wwe just said didnt try hard enough

[@wrestlingcomicsawesomeness7056]

God bless her and John Morrison they never gave taya a chance and I was so excited to see that taya was in nxt and they just didnt know how talented of a wrestler both taya and morrison were and still are and I feel so bad for her and MORRISON cause you can just hear the hurt that's in tayas voice and neither of them deserved this they deserve better and I hope they do get someplace better taya and MORRISON are both two of the very best professional wrestlers in the world

[@murphy9464]

I have been a fan of her for a long time. One of the most amazing female Wrestlers I have watched. From her days in AAA, to Luchador Underground and Impact. This Lady is a Boss, and deserved better from WWE. Total BS.

[@EmperorQGawd]

I’m a WWE guy through and through but I feel bad for people like Monet because they understand it’s a business but they are very sensitive and take things personally which is very understandable when you’re let go for no reason.

[@FluxMarsh333]

WWE really need to shape up on their approach towards treating talent. The mental health impact seems pretty clear and they still keep on wantonly throwing human beings into the dirt. Roll on a sale and a change in the way the company is run. More power to Taya and anyone else that survives the grinder, and may they all flourish in spite of the manure WWE sprinkle on them.

[@xaugerx]

Chris you are such a class act

[@Jas-ii3fp]

I feel triple HHH and Shawn gave a better experience than Vince and Bruce felt.Felt like Triple HHH gave alot of people chances and gave good matches like Taya

[@gamempire96]

Triple H believes in Development and making a star and letting someone work to get Over. Vince and Bruce just want something instant and it doesn't always happen

[@tthompson4768]

How WWE couldnt figure her out is mind-numbing to me...

[@zurin6556]

One and only Taya Valkyrie ... Legend in the making. Hopefully Triple H gonna bring back Taya Valkyrie to WWE.

[@siavonsenzu6959]

Love Taya ! So underrated in WWE… she was awesome in Mexico

[@RomaroBrandon]

I'm still not over the fact she bashed WWE when they let John Morrison go two weeks after she praised the company after being fired herself.

[@davidparkes7741]

I wasn't a fan of the Frankie Monet character but listening to this breaks my heart with how bad she was treated.

[@Thestray187]

I wish she could understand that us fans don't feel like she let us down. Cause that's a horrible feeling to have is the letting anybody down type of feeling

[@RickyBobby585]

She's super talented she'll land somewhere soon

[@Lagato445]

Taya is awesome, very talented and veteran of the business, wwe dropped the ball big time with her....

[@carriesanchez2813]

What a sweetheart! I really felt for her❤️

[@derrickjohnson4045]

She is passionate about the conversation... I wish everything good for you BOO

[@CozyHumanoid]

She had one of the most unique entrances on NXT it could have been an awesome sight if she went out at WM.

[@koffinradio]

I met her in 2020, she is a dope chick!!! she is a helluva wrestler! she'll bounce back right away!

[@christianantonioanconaherr9744]

Mexico loves you Taya! You are a star! Just good wishes for you.

[@rggr690]

Well the grass is always greener in other companies, now she is back on AAA but I will love her back on Impact, the Knockouts division is totally different from when she left besides I want to see how she escaped from prison LOL

[@SBW_85]

Her dog knew she was tearing up

[@edwinnavarro6752]

With Triple H taking over I feel he will bring her back along with John and set a storyline with Candace and Jonny Wrestling

[@ralphstark3323]

Love the interviews chris ! Its ya boy ralph from PPW man.

[@amydumas1993]

me gusta esta mujer senora taya valkyries y me alegro de que haya vuelto en tna ahora y mi favorito y legendarios 🙌🏼

[@gcrumps]

I wish Vince would actually see these interviews 😩 Seeing her starting to tear up was hard 😢 I wish he could see what he actually does to his employees or right independent contractors

[@oscarilp]

Why? He is who decide so...he doesnt care...

[@SecretSecret]

If Triple H handled NXT still, Taya would still be there and would’ve probably became a champion by now

[@EvaluateAssimilate]

It's hard to hear it like that. I know WWE has a bit of a reputation - everyone should know where they stand in the workplace.. definitely the most passionate ones! 👊🤘

[@tmccane]

The problem with current day WWE is that it is a corporation not a wrestling company, There is massive change over constantly, its basically like being on a roster for football. A new gm and head coach means a good portion of the teams roster is being released because the vision has changed. The guys favored 6 months ago may not fit in the plans for the future..... For WWE, writers, producer, agents, change on the dime....which means vision changes, favoritism changes, thought processes change. Its the unfortunate side effect of business

[@JKeepsItReal217]

Taya definitely deserved better. She should be the NXT Women’s Champion right now. It’s extremely sad that they misused this amazing talent. It’s their loss Taya, you have been and will continue to be the amazing SUPERSTAR you are!

[@Dark_Embracer]

Taya you did nothing wrong in NXT. Always liked the matches and wrestling you did in NXT. NXT 1.0 was the good old days then came NXT 2.0. In NXT 2.0 they were looking for younger talent wrestler's. But there are other wrestling promotion's to go to as a wrestler. Always liked watching you wrestle.

[@darkknight_za]

And I was almost going to give 2.0 a watch this week. So glad I saw this interview and remember why I stopped giving the Fed any of my time ..

[@kinger_jay]

Really sucks we didn’t get to see her potential Lin WWE. Her TNA days are amazing and I’m sure the WWE universe would have loved her.

[@sashabanks5219]

I was expecting to see her as an NXT women's champion and her matches on the main roster😓 Love you Taya💓

[@catriesjohnson1903]

She is passionate about her job. This sucks how she got fired and she wasn't there that long. I hope she finds something soon I've always been a fan👏🏾👍keep up the good work. You didn't let anyone down. When one door closes another will open.

[@Jaxionisnum2]

I was so excited when they signed Taya, like she is entertaining and can go in the ring. Wwe really dropped the ball on her.

[@sentientbean1]

Lovely woman! Big hearted and a real star.

[@trenzeegoneborough2859]

She has more charisma than Becky,Charlotte and Rousey combined.

[@SonOfMuta]

4:11 I love how she shot down this douchebags "if you were a Triple H hire, you're not going to be a part of 2.0" bullshit

[@dollysinn]

I was only watching NXT up until the 2.0 rebrand. I have not seen anything compelling on the main roster since about 2016 or so.

[@Djbobbito]

I feel so bad she cried about it. She seems passionate about wrestling. She’ll be fine. Kudos to her for being classy.

[@crazyfun5150]

This proves WWE can't make stars anymore. Taya has a unique look and passionate about wrestling. It's a shame they didn't use her. Seems very down to earth and clearly worked hard to improve. Hopefully she will go somewhere else and prove WWE wrong like other released talent.

[@kingkornkarn6453]

She’s the type of wrestler they need but they drop a lot of balls

[@RyanParreno]

You know Taya's being real because she is just crediting all the people in WWE who she thought did good by her, and ofc she didn't have to

[@modernbear7172]

I always liked Taya, going back to her Lucha Underground days. She was great in Impact too, and gave some life to the women's division with her over the top personality. So of course WWE would screw it up, not see what they had in her, and let her go. They have let go an insane number of wrestlers in the last 2 years, many of whom were really good talent. Now their shows are filled with a lot of green wrestlers, with a rather small contingent of solid veterans. Their booking and storylines are so disorganized and convoluted too, to the point it's unwatchable. I cannot sit through 3 hours of Raw, 2 hours of Smackdown, and whatever that crap is they call NXT 2.0. So I stopped watching WWE completely about a year ago, after drastically cutting back my viewing time back in 2019. This is what happens when a company decides to cut quality. They will still stick around, but they slowly bleed customers who are frustrated. This is why their ratings have been in decline for years. Vince doesn't care. He thinks the shows are good so they continue to make dumb mistakes. He is completely tone deaf to what wrestling fans are saying. I hope Taya can find somewhere nice to land, where she can enjoy her remaining years in the ring. I like to see nice things happen to nice people.

[@rosamendes2551]

Interview rosa mendes pliseee

[@EJNOVA]

The WWE let her down. She deserves so much better.

[@DharmeshChhatrala]

I can totally understand what she must be feeling. When we are no longer employed by a company,we feel like may be it is our fault.

[@mcqueenx75]

My question is why go to dumbdumb-e if they already been doing this to many talents...

[@Dhardy316]

$

[@JonesStreetTv]

I’d say because some people say “oh it’s not going to happen to me.”or It’s the money and wwe the bar and Everyone wants to go there at least once.

[@Epsilonsama]

Chris and Taya explained it in the end of the clip. To be a sucessful wrestler you need to have confidence in yourself. Said confidence will make you think well sheesh so many get released but definetely not me because I'm the Exception.

[@mcqueenx75]

@@Epsilonsama irrelevant

[@mcqueenx75]

@@Dhardy316 not always. Some take pay cut just to be there

[@insignificantaftermathPROJECTS]

I dont buy the whole HHH hires were all fired because NXT 2.0 still has Dexter Lumis, Pete Dunne, Tommaso Ciampa, Cameron Grimes, Carmelo Hayes, LA Knight, Roderick Strong, Kushida, Gunther, Marcel Bartel, Fabian Aichner, MSK etc

[@dxzxax8772]

Taya, you're way better than how WWE treated you. You're talented as hell and beautiful. You'll find success somewhere better than WWE.

[@chikowashere]

Great fucking interview. Others would've pressed her to get her to cry more, just for a clickbait title or views. None of that here, you're always reliable.

[@innerthoughts1706]

She has made a name for herself and held championships in other promotions, AAA, Impact Wrestling, Lucha Underground, etc, and so did her husband, tbh Taya Valkyrie and John Morrison are better off without WWE. It's funny how they fired John but the Miz is still hired.

[@straightedgeplayer]

What I always loved about Triple H and Shawn Michaels is how their pro wrestling ideologies are the exact same as the fans. They know what the fans want! They bring in all these popular indie wrestlers because that’s what the fans want! I can even say WWE was at its peak recently before the pandemic when triple H brought in all these guys to NXT. Vince McMahon needs to retire and nick khan needs to fuck off

[@Thestray187]

I was just starting to get behind her too. I only watch the matches with whomever I follow

[@abellabarbie]

She is great, the gimmick they gave her did not fit at all. She is a powerhouse and should have been treated as such