Cyber-Attack and the Rise of Autonomous Ships | Chief MAKOi

[@josephmassaro]

You know you're content is interesting if you answer the question in the first 10 seconds of the video, but people stay until the end.

[@ChrisG-vq7ld]

Couldn’t agree more.

[@nycameleon]

So refreshing

[@I-0-0-I]

For real. Major respect to the Chief.

[@13699111]

I completely agree with your comment

[@randywl8925]

Absolutely! You know that Chiefs info can be taken to the bank. 👍

[@ChiefMAKOi]

When autonomous and remote-controlled ships begin to take over, that's the time we might see the possibility of ships getting hacked.

[@christinecortese9973]

I think terrorists are salivating over the future potential there.

[@nghtwtchmn129]

One of the plot elements of the 1995 film Hackers was that the ships were so automated that even if the good guys can retake control from the hackers, there were no longer enough crew members on board to run the ship.

[@damnyankeesdaughter5427]

What about pirating?

[@gerardwalker2159]

It has been an ongoing discusion in aviation for decades. How to get rid of pilots and have them completely autonomous or remotely controlled. 1. It will be REALLY HARD to convince people to fly on a plane without a pilot 2. The fear of terrorists hacking the airplane for their own nefarious intentions. The possibility of being hacked may mean that airplanes will NEVER be automated.

[@38911bytefree]

It would be something old school, like getting onboard and taking control. What will the ship do ?. Robot will take rifles ? LOL.

[@Truckngirl]

Bringing authentic FACTS and truth to the conversation. I am deeply grateful to you for stepping forth and informing us with your knowledge. The conspiracy theories are wild and thick. We need you to help restore sanity to the narrative.

[@mikecimerian6913]

Battlestar Galactica. Perfect example. Proprietary dedicated control systems. All with their control boards.

[@11385djg]

"Authentic FACTS" I do not know what that means really. Does Government Narrative = Authentic Facts? Then I feel sorry for you.

[@Khronogi]

​@@11385djgwhen people being their own "facts" and say "s Do your own research" without actually doing research, those are not authentic facts.

[@11385djg]

@@Khronogi According to my own research (therefore this is an authentic facts), Joe Biden just less than 6 hours after the incident (I'll repeat *wink**wink*, LESS THAN 6 HOURS AFTER THE INCIDENT) made a press conference said "...at this time we have no other indication, no other reason to believe there is intentional act here..". Those are the facts I guess, coz the Govt said so.

[@Holabirdsupercluster]

@@mikecimerian6913 That's a teevee show, not real

[@edgleason8918]

Like Sal said, watching Chief Makoi makes you smarter. Thanks for another good 'un, chief.

[@motorman5210]

who's sal my friend

[@edgleason8918]

@@motorman5210 Sal Mercogliano is a maritime commerce expert with some great videos. Look up "What's Going on with Shipping" to find out more.

[@edgleason8918]

@@motorman5210 Sal Mercagliano. His channel "What's Going on with Shipping" is another great source. He knows his stuff and he's a big fan of the chief.

[@tsbrownie]

If this was not from Chief Makoi, I'd have passed it over as clickbait. Thanks Chief!

[@lizj5740]

If this video wasn't from Chief MAKOi, we'd really have to worry about cyber attacks! 🙂

[@willysbakery6878]

​@@lizj5740 fkn hell. same

[@stephenstange4194]

Well done. You answered every “yeah, but what about…” scenario I could come up with. Given the pervasiveness of cyber attacks in corporate data centers I don’t fault people for wondering about this incident. You effectively and professionally addressed the issue. I hate those that simply say “not possible “, but don’t explain why. You treated the question with respect and answered it thoroughly. If more people did this, there would be a lot less “conspiracy theorists “ out there.

[@Wann-zo7rn2qn4i]

Well, any virus can come in via emails or inserted when in-port and programmed for action at a given date and time. My laptop is also very autonomous, not connected to any systems. I rarely accessed FB, and I don't have any other such social media installed. And yet, I get hacked. I really don't think that anything that is connected to a digital communication network at some time or other can be fully insulated nowadays. I wish it was. Just saying. Not that I believed that it was a case of cyber attack in this case.

[@vissitorsteve]

Thank you for making sense of this despite all the crazy conspiracies.

[@FLGurl]

This is the best channel for information, especially for #breakingnews #dali #cyberattacks and the like. Thank you so very much!

[@keinaanabdi6821]

Happy to see chief Makoi videos up back to back

[@johnkelley9877]

Thanks for explaining the AI ships and the ship losing power in New York. I learn a great deal from your tutorials and I find them truly interesting.

[@dalemurry4525]

Thanks for being a voice of reason as a subject matter expert while a bunch of talking heads on the major networks with no seafaring knowledge speculate on a variety of conspiracy theories.

[@robertf3479]

Chief, thank you very much for your explanations regarding the topic of possible cyber-attack. I am VERY concerned about the vulnerability of autonomous vehicles like ships, trains and trucks to hacking. I used to work in the electronic warfare / intelligence community and am very much aware that for every "well protected" system there is someone or a group with both the knowledge and means to conduct ... let's call it "Cyber Piracy" where your autonomous ship could be hijacked and used as a weapon. A 100k or 200k ton ship, even with non-hazardous cargo can become one hell of a "battering ram" simply from her mass and speed. Deepest respects sir. Safe voyages.

[@patrickoleary6379]

I gotta say man. I am very impressed with your ability to explain to the layman how big ships work. I find it so hard sometimes to talk to people bc they have no idea what they're talking about, and don't listen. This is great because it forces people to listen. Again, another super informative, yet concise vid Mr. Makoi! Well done sir. Hat Tip to you sir!

[@zonavarbondagoo4074]

It's similar to autonomous trains, planes, and cars/trucks that we keep getting told are 'the way of the future' as part of the insane push to 'net-zero'. I'm a freight train driver for work and apart from Rio Tinto's 'autohaul' system for fully captive iron ore trains on it's dedicated network, and the fully-captive Sydney Metro passenger trains, there's nothing else in the rail industry in Australia that comes close to being any level of autonomous operation.

[@bc-guy852]

Thank you Chief! It's amazing how many UNinformed people there are out there - who are willing to make ridiculous statements and state unsubstantiated conspiracty theory - as fact. Refreshing to hear the real deal - from a Guy who knows! Thanks Chief!

[@sailorgabbie]

I worked on a ship with a fuel management system that could be remotely accessed by a technician. I was on watch one evening when i looked up and saw the cursor on the screen move. I called the 1a/e who told me that the technician was working on it from his office with permission . My understanding is that the ship has to grant access permission for the remote tech to do the work.

[@jamescollier3]

if they can get in, someone else could

[@borghorsa1902]

Russian could have gotten access

[@josephmassaro]

How remote? Was he somewhere on the ship or off the ship?

[@ProfessionalBirdWatcher]

Technology doesn't require anyone's permission lmao

[@grahamduke9293]

I often perform remote diagnostics, mostly it involves the local team to physically connect a cable for this to be possible then disconnect when complete. However some places do not remember to unplug when I am done leaving the equipment vulnerable. It is less common as we use more often secure connections which would slow down/stop any unwanted connections. I do not know much about shipping systems but imagine the ships controls are largely stand alone without the need for external input.

[@Lost-In-Blank]

As always, Chief, when one of your videos comes out it is usually the highpoint of my day. Great work !

[@smurfman6377]

I really your videos because you know what your talking about, unlike so many others..

[@einfelder8262]

Having worked in IT mainframe systems testing software prior to updates to production, I can confidently say the danger of fully autonomous shipping is higher than the danger of human crew error. Everything depends on a program specification and coding which I frequently found wanting.

[@goldsmithy1]

Thank you for the inside understanding as to the workings of a ship. I enjoy your chnnel.

[@cedricvaz6112]

Well said Chief Makoi.! A rather different, difficult and abstract topic of cyber attack is what we seafarers are not used to on board ships. In any case when a ship enters or leaves a port GPS is no longer important as everything is done visually and manually. Electronic Radars are important only in fog and poor visibility. So anything connected to cyber is never required nor used by us within port limits.! 🤔

[@richardbaker1308]

Thanks!

[@ChiefMAKOi]

Thanks!

[@toddarmstrong7038]

Your delivery just keeps getting better and more natural. Thanks for the content.

[@CHRIS-xm1do]

As a non mariner I find all your videos so informative & educating, thanks Chief.

[@blackdog542]

Great video you answered the question right away I stayed till the end because you're very interesting to listen to thank you for all your content.

[@johnfarr5415]

LOL...Love the Battlestar Galactica reference. The thought that ANYONE will get that is quite a reach. Adama had his ship in order. 🤣

[@milantrcka121]

The "low information" types cater to their customers, the even lower information viewers of said "information", and collecting views. And there is the real problem as currently demonstrated in all areas of politics.

[@Gopackgo1000]

CHIEF you are so thorough and your speaking is very clear and easy to comprehend. Keep up the great work

[@lizj5740]

Good morning from Australia, Chief. I am constantly impressed by the width and breadth of your knowledge of marine engineering and your well-spoken ability to explain aspects of it to landlubbers like me. Thank you.

[@danapeck5382]

Thanks, Chief. Plus a BSG reference is always welcome, All the best

[@fredfred2363]

This video clearly shows how chief M really does take his responsibilty seriously. AND more importantly, is completely trusted by management. No interfereing bean counters or pen pushers. "No one is touching my vessel unless I say it's ok" What a great example to the rest of the industry.

[@rfak7696]

Hello chief, thanks for bring such nice content. it's nice to have someone who understands the problems and corrects misconceptions. IT professional here. Most people are unaware of how a cyberattack works in real life. Hacking isn't some magic spell that you can cast to break any piece of technology, it's a very specific exploitation of some vulnerability inside a system. Nice Galactica reference. Thay also forget that human errors are only the main cause of failures because humans are there to fix most problems with machinery.

[@monsterzero760]

Once again this shows why support tugs are so important concerning ship navigation and safety. Also if I’m not mistaken there is no connection to the internet for the machinery in the engine room. Chief Makoi thank you sir for your informative videos. It does make me wonder if some of these ships are having engine room issues where the chief engineer knows about them but still decides to get underway knowing what may happen with ship navigation. All shipping companies are not the same. Safe travels Chief Makoi and looking forward to your next video.

[@matthewoconnor5838]

Thank you chief,I'm a retired ex master and pilot but it's great to be able to keep up with how shipping is evolving.

[@williamlloyd3769]

Thank you for your post on this topic. Very timely.

[@canzoneri8]

Really informative ongoing analysis. I always learn so much from you. I live by the Verrazano and only found out about it this morning. Thank you Chief!!

[@uelifluppi]

Thank you for answering the main question at the start of the clip. So one can listen to rest without fear of missing the important! 😊

[@ericjackson9047]

Excellent details! Thank you, Chief.

[@stephenalexander6721]

Thank you. I'm glad you're available to comment on these topics. Reliable channels like yours are important.

[@markthompson3529]

Thanks Chief. Informative as always. Lovely to see you again🇨🇦

[@jonclassical2024]

Good Vlog Chief! Great job on the not allowing the person onboard until you checked it out!!!!

[@hatac]

You are correct but there are earlier experiments with sail by wire. When the USS Fitzgerald was hit by a freighter this was clamed to be crew error but soon after all ships of the same type were ordered for refit in port. This included the civilian vessels. Even Australian vessels were stripped down and had something replaced. On the way to refit at Singapore the USS McCain was also hit. Further changes to the electronics were made. The best guess with the navy ships is that the sonar operators had been deafened by alarms in a fleet exercise years before with the Nimitz being notionally sunk. To fix this a system was installed to allow sonar to be given priority. To facilitate this computerized system were used too mute all noise sources. This system was externally linked and so was hackable. It was your first level of Automation. The best guess with the freighters and tankers involved is that 'unauthorized' game systems providing online multiplayer created a set of backdoors to connected systems on these early sail by wire ships. Conspicuous rule changes and security upgrades were called for by the peak bodies in the industry. They were not doing that for fun, it costs millions. Ships are very analogue. However as you indicate there are people who want automation. Some may have been less careful than you are.

[@tuxedotservo]

5:06 We have a RDM Battlestar Galactica* fan in the Chief! Good job working that in as an example! * the 2000's reboot went out of its way to emphasis how little automation/inter-system networking the ship had.

[@OneWildTurkey]

There's a problem with the modern acceptance of changing definitions to suit one's goals. The word 'autonomous' is a victim of constant change. 'Autonomous' basically means: "independent and having the power to make your own decisions" but so many other definitions are being attributed to the word - it's crazy. When people first started using it in regards to automatic electronically controlled, there was a huge marketing push that convinced a majority of people to follow what the marketing people were selling. Now the changing definitions of nearly any word is found acceptable. Effective communication is a paramount element of a functional society. Changing the definitions of words is a quick way of destroying that ability to function. This was a basic element of the novel "1984". It was supposed to be a fictional warning, not an instruction manual.

[@normansimonsen1203]

Good job Chief. I appreciate all that you do.

[@douglasb5651]

Nuka Cola and Vault Boy... Chief is not just a marine subject matter expert, but a man of refinement and good taste too!

[@McTroyd]

Star Trek's _USS Enterprise_ canonically had differing levels of automation, depending on the specific version of the ship. Later iterations of the ship could fly entirely by computer control. But, in all cases, _Enterprise_ had human(oid) crew anyway. The vision was that the ship's automation was tuned toward augmenting and enhancing what the crew was capable of, taking care of dull or dangerous tasks directly, leaving the crew to deal with situations that crew handle better than machines or computers. Granted, a fictional starship exploring the universe is hardly a fair comparison to, say, a container vessel moving back and forth between two ports here on Earth. But, it's my own hope that, as automation invariably takes over, we end up with some version of what Star Trek shows us. I could look forward to that.

[@mattc.310]

It's entertaining seeing all these oddball theories about what happened with the MV Dali, and how serious and excited those people are. It's sad that low information viewers take those theories and run with them though. The saddest part of all is that these people affect the world around us in negative ways. Thanks for another no nonsense video on this topic. Hope you are doing well.

[@danielayers]

Excellent video. Clear & authoritative. Keep up the good work!

[@wallyfirkins4051]

Very good information Chief. Thank you!

[@carroll-w7wxv]

Thank you for the live stream. It is much appreciated.

[@nvragn]

Ty for the back to back videos. Mr Chief as I said in the past your knowledge is beyond incredible. Let me tell you if I was stranded in the middle of the ocean somewhere there is no one else I would prefer to be on the boat there with me. Also I love how you took a bit of a collection to do things for the staff and or coworker's. If you are ever planning to do that again I'm definitely in 👍🇨🇦

[@KathyKinnaird]

Great content. Thank you Sir. You get right to the point. Safe travels and God bless you and family.

[@phillipseaton7163]

Thanks for a great makes sense presentation

[@housinit]

I could not stop watching your mic having a life of its own.

[@ChiefMAKOi]

Cyber-attack 😅

[@CzechTex]

As a stevedore, i really have grown to appreciate how niche of an industry maritime actually is. You can't just waltz onto a vessel, especially a foreign flagged one. There are laws and statutes that give certain bodies governance of particular parts of any wharf; and sometimes there are gray areas, in which, ALL parties are involved with resolution findings.

[@joebesko5592]

Thanks for the insights and information, thanks as always for your post

[@donise8406]

Scotty: The more they overthink the plumbing, the easier it is to stop up the drain

[@derekjsmith7662]

An exceptionally helpful briefing.

[@BikeNewLondon]

Thanks, Chief Makoi! Another great video explaining in detail aspects of commercial shipping that I didn't know about. I use your other videos to help inform some of my new hires in our electrical maintenance department at work. Always excellent content and quality, presented clearly.

[@davidreyna7712]

Thanks Chief. Can't wait for your next video.

[@InvictaView]

Well done Chief. Very enlightening again. The scary thing about full automation in our shipping, would be the dire consequences, if there was an incident with software ect, just like many Tesla owners have experieced! That could be catastrophic. And even worse than this thought, would be all those seafarers out of a job. 🤔🇬🇧💯👍

[@dholmes3307]

Thank you correct calmly and reasonably addressing this tragedy. Sometimes, bad things happen. Besides labor and legal issues, I would imagine that fully autonomous ships would be susceptible to piracy. After all, big cargo ship, middle of the sea, no crew, pirates board, even if you know about it instantly and lock everything, how long does it take to get law enforcement out to do anything about it? One guy with some knowledge and a gas powered chop saw could open the whole ship in 30 minutes or less. Stay safe, love your channel, have learned a lot about what it takes to make the world around me run.

[@IronmanV5]

Thanks for the video chief. With degree 3 & 4 it will be VERY interesting to see how quickly they get cyber hijacked and how widespread the problem would be. Fair winds & following seas

[@ThePsiclone]

even more interesting will be how many broken down ships are drifting around and nobody knows where they are, causing mayhem and danger to other vessels.

[@IronmanV5]

@@ThePsiclone especially the ones with high value and/or perishable cargoes.

[@TheDuckofDoom.]

A hacking event will get all of the news attention but the far bigger problem cumulatively is corner cutting. A master doesn't want to go down with the ship so has some insentive to get most of the basics right. But when there is no onboard crew the responsibility will end up evaporating in a sea of delegating, sub contracting, anonymity, third world shore side inspectors, and finger pointing. The companies pushing for this stuff will keep everything high and tight until enough industry has made the switch that their aren't enough sailors or manable vessles left to go back, then they will start skimming profits and cutting corners.

[@johnstreet797]

the artesians are already planning for that

[@dustymiller7758]

Fantastic entertainment Chief, great explanation of future technology.

[@nrais76]

I've been hoping the Chief would talk about this. Thanks for the info! MASS sounds like a recipe for disaster, as the cyber attack theory should demonstrate. And the tendency of self driving cars to get confused and shut down.

[@stevenclaeys6252]

Thank you for another great video. Cheers

[@wrkey]

Love your videos and your insight. In this video (about 4:30) is an example of an incident where electronic communications can not and should not be relied upon. In my businesses I tell my managers, staff and co-owners that we do not use text or emails that are not acknowledged as a reliable means of communication. Just because someone sends an email or a text does not mean that communication made it to the intended person. In Chief's incident, when the onshore manager did not get an acknowledgement response back from Chief before the technician was supposed to board the ship, the onshore manager should have followed up. To many times people send off a text message or email or even leave a voice mail and ASSUME that the communication went through when in fact it did not. In this age of text messaging being a preferred method of communication for so many, it is difficult for them to come to the realization that it is not a good means of communication for a business, especially if it is an emergency. Off my soap box now. Thanks for another outstanding video Chief!

[@rayoflight62]

Thank you Chief, for these clarifications...

[@icare7151]

Very well stated and presented.

[@site2000builder]

I always learn from your videos, thank you!

[@torccchaser6712]

My home,..Staten Island.....great report Chief. TY

[@brokendown63]

Word is that the Dali was having electrical problems before it even left port. Apparently it had something to do with refrigerated containers popping breaker after breaker.

[@fnln544]

Blessings, Chief.

[@I-0-0-I]

Chief, please consider posting the content of these videos in text format, on your own website/blog. It will allow people to share your excellent information in places which don't prefer video. For example, newspapers.

[@musoangelo]

Once you remove crews from ships, they will loose the day to day familiarization of the systems and if called upon in an emergency will not have the same level of familiarity that an onboard crew would have. Also those generator overhauls, or m.e. piston changes or even filter changes will be an interesting thing to manage.

[@jakebrodskype]

Note that aviation has been through similar discussions. And the only aircraft that travel autonomously and internationally are almost always military and perhaps smuggling in the near future. In other words, we do not have any international legal frameworks for handling autonomous anything.

[@nedj10]

You raise an interesting point Chief, have you ever been on a ship that underwent a Penetration test? Either Physical or Network?

[@DrewNorthup]

If you poke around the interwebs long enough you will find out that is something that does actually happen now. Does it get as much effort as it should? No idea, but at least it isn't being ignored.

[@Mehranwahid]

Thank you Chief - as usual, great and interesting stuff!

[@ypaulbrown]

love your programs Chief Makoi

[@nicksmith6830]

Thumbs up for the Battlestar Galactica reference!

[@stewartbru]

thank you sir for your great information

[@redzzon]

Thanks! Crew of ship stuck in Suez Canal from India, Crew of ship hit bridge in Baltimore from India. 42% growth in jobs for Indian sailors in 2013-17. Could you do a study to see if there is a statistical significance. With the desire of India as major exporter it might bargain that more sailors are Indian. Complacency can be a problem especially, when coaching and reporting are seasoned with a caste system/religion. Maybe I’m searching.

[@DB-thats-me]

🤔

[@ChiefMAKOi]

Thanks! Philippines and India are the leading suppliers of seafarers in the international trade. They're bound to have mishaps and it will be noticeable due to the numbers.

[@joephillips6243]

How do you defend an autonomous ships.

[@redzzon]

@@ChiefMAKOi thanks for yours and India’s operating the vessels and cargo on waterways. 42% percent increase in short time seems high. I do know the Caset system problems can challenge IT companies quality. Caste stereotypes can also affect the assignment of jobs, such as when high-caste individuals get promoted to managerial roles while low-caste individuals are relegated to low-end jobs. Do you see the same with India ship crews?

[@ChiefMAKOi]

@@redzzon I honestly have no idea. I never noticed it, though when I was working with Indian crew.

[@slingerssecretlaboratory]

Chief, thank you for the logic and intelligence.

[@MikeK2100]

I'm about done for tonight, but there is an FAA(air travel) aspect also with shipping. The FAA produces diarrhea amounts of alerts, and aviation checks them and when comes across their bow, they take heed. New York had different rules due to channel constraints and with the activity, not only had tugs assigned to the ship, but transiting that were able to divert to help out as needed. A dad dream as compared to a nightmare. My main navigation experience is with canoes but while much slower then the ships talked about, much faster regarding the other elements. Same physics formulas apply. Talking about the internet, they just got Wi-Fi hot spots on board to improve the quality of life to the crew. Also with other ships stuck in the port of Baltimore.

[@nghtwtchmn129]

It's not just ships. Until earlier this month, U.S. railroads had been pushing to allow trains to operate with only one crew member on board. (No doubt that their next goal would have been full automation.)

[@DB-thats-me]

NZ trains have been ‘single maned’ for most of this century. For the most part it works OK.

[@TheDuckofDoom.]

​@@DB-thats-me NZ trains are short lines with favorable terrain and weather. Typical trains in the USA are 2km long and run 1000km through diverse areas including remote mountains and urban traffic. And there have been recent accidents of smaller short haul trains that were caused by the poor decisions of a single operator.

[@DB-thats-me]

@@TheDuckofDoom. fair enough. But length notwithstanding, bringing a 2000T, short train down a 1 in 33 ruling grade requires skills that would match any in the world.

[@Shipspotting_Vietnam]

Thanks for the informatic video!!

[@vivifabu]

Thanks from Puerto Rico 😊

[@williamgoulet6959]

Great info, Chief. Thanks again

[@HarryWHill-GA]

Thanks Chief. I was disabusing several others, on a different channel, exactly why MV Dali was NOT hacked. It is hard to get through to some people why something they want to be true simply is not true. MV Yara Birkeland sounds like a maritime nightmare waiting to happen. I can picture some Somali pirates boarding the ship and looking for the crew to hold for ransom while the ship just delivers the pirates to a waiting anti-piracy patrol.

[@noneya61]

For sure😂😂

[@12345anton6789]

Yara Birkeland is just transporting fertilisers and chemicals to the container terminal 7 nautical miles, a very short trip. Its only purpose is to reduce the large number of container trucks between the Yara factory and the container terminal. It’s never out in the open water

[@noneya61]

@@12345anton6789 must be crazy for the tugs, and harbor pilots.

[@12345anton6789]

@@noneya61 no tugs and no harbour pilots, it just a short trip from the factory to container terminal

[@noneya61]

@@12345anton6789 gotta have tugs to bring it to the pier, and that at least I thought, that was the precise environment that the pilots were used in. they don’t generally go out to sea strictly in the harbors. Either way, a disaster waiting to happen…

[@chrispan8970]

1) All ships approaching US ports , should be make arragenments to get ISPS guards in-port. 2) Coast Guard makes strict inspections for ISM + ISPS issues. 3) Captain --- in coordination with the company's DPA -- is free to announce the level of security (ISPS 1-3) to all authorities etc . ......therefore, there is not-way to blame the ship or the management. I agree on your general comments !

[@whitetrim1]

Thanks for sharing!

[@livewire4495]

Outstanding Chief!

[@Wisconsin_Local_139_Crane_Guy]

I absolutely blame you for not running the show!! Step up dude!

[@jobbld]

Compelling content. I have no history nor great interest in ships and shipping beyond the technology that permeates there as everywhere. And yet, I'm hooked on the channel!

[@mikegallegos7]

Thanks, Chief.

[@lateshiftsailor]

Chief, why is the top part of your microphone wobbling, are we using a filter? 😅 anyway you're awesome, I love your videos, keep on being great! Fair winds and following seas, Chief!

[@Tekwyzard]

Just the comment I've been looking for. I was wondering whether I was hallucinating or having a worse than normal eyeball day!

[@hmrody]

Great video, as always...

[@treskoedusa]

It’s a good idea to introduce a topic in advance about a future crew oversight

[@Whatiwantedwastaken]

The Australian navy is seeking to deploy “optionally manned” combat vessels, as are other navies. I expect that the tech development will likely occur here and eventually flow through to civilian/merchant vessels. We have a significant amount of mining equipment in Australia that is remote controlled and/or autonomous. Eg a truck may be remotely controlled for loading and unloading but drive itself between these 2 tasks. Railway’s also use automation, such as some freight trains in Australia as well as some passenger services (eg Docklands light rail in London UK) I’d be keen to watch a video from you talking about how you might design a ships systems for minimal manned maintenance. EG would you need more mechanical systems for redundancy as there’s no option to repair underway? Would you use a different style of engines and propulsion units? Perhaps multiple electric azipods with multiple generators? Would you use internal combustion generators or gas turbines? Be interesting to hear how long you think a ship could run without an engineer/technician

[@DAKOTANSHELBY]

Thank you for this video.