Dark Matter: The Situation has Changed

[@jeffm6342]

Sabine sheds light on dark matter.

[@bw2082]

And throws shade on particle physics lol

[@youluvana]

I see

[@antonystringfellow5152]

Excellent!

[@CAThompson]

@@bw2082 WELL DONE.

[@DmitryKiktenko]

and particles becomes a fields!

[@nathanmckee7340]

As a condensed matter physicist I felt both very important and very unequipped when she said this problem belongs in my field.

[@hebercluff1665]

It's like the powerful wizard, wise elves, strong dwarves, and the tall humans were told they can't carry the Ring to Mordor, and that the problem was to be left to a dinky little hobbit... Is that how you felt? (That should be a meme)

[@joeywatch1145]

I know this isn't the answer, but I like to imagine that the answer is something so simple, like it fluctuates on an even scale when matter changes states, meaning the complex interactions of so many elements come into play for a sort of net effect.

[@angelstrawn5493]

So, dude, when will you give us an answer?

[@amberjean4044]

I'm not a scientist but a soft tissue therapist & the way she explained dark matter made me think about fascia. It is a web like structure that runs throughout the entire body that holds everything together, among other functions, that can grow thicker & denser in some areas depending on how the surrounding tissue behaves/moves, which if dark matter worked similarly could cause a change in gravity (if my understanding of physics is correct). I have no idea how the math would work, but its just a thought I had.

[@EagleFang74]

😂 Didn’t do your part of the group project huh?

[@captain_context9991]

We tried so hard, and got so far. But in the end, it wasn't even matter.

[@The_Tauri]

I had to fall (in the gravity well) to lose it all (because it was a modified gravity well) But in the end, it doesnt even (dark) matter. I've put my trust in you (dark matter) Pushed as far as I can go (with modified gravity) For all this There's only one thing you should know (its condensed matter physics?!)

[@Pooh68]

And yeah, Black Holes Matter, just don’t go within 100 astronomical units of them, they’ll suck you in ... you cease to exist, and black holes get bigger... odd how some scientists think we came from a big bang... and in the same breath claim our sun is over 5 billion years old ... and the universe is ... how old? How about a lot of little bangs ?? Nova(s) ...throughout our over 500 Trillion year saga ...?

[@captain_context9991]

@Jo Pretty sure we still dont know.

[@dan.j.boydzkreationz]

I see whutchü dun there

[@alanodonnell7234]

You mean “it wasn’t even dark matter”!

[@reneschmitz4845]

That shirt is stellar!

[@SabineHossenfelder]

My favorite sweater!

[@gast128]

Also camouflage for the video background.

[@eljcd]

I totally agree!

[@darkdelta]

@Oliver Hancock You need help, but keep the puns coming. This is a clever one👍👍😁😁

[@ماهرمحمودعلي-ظ1ظ]

@@SabineHossenfelder Does the modified gravitational theory explain the dark matter or the axions?

[@thrustvector8619]

It's so refreshing to watch a KZbin channel about science that is not just some presenter regurgitating something written by someone else. Hearing the subject presented by someone such as yourself who is actually actively working in the field makes it so much more compelling. Thank you for making these videos!

[@Undaglibenglaubengloben]

And don’t even get me started on the excruciating work it’s taken to translate years of extremely specific and extensive research into layman’s words in a way that we caveman can grasp

[@alastorgdl]

@@Undaglibenglaubengloben Most scientism adepts love to claim they're talking beasts. If you'd loved yourselves a little more, scientism wouldn't be such a huge problem

[@Human_01]

ORIGIN-OF-ENERGY [UNIVERSE/DIMENSION] As Einstein proposed: "energy is neither created nor destroyed." Energy is the basis of the perceivable universe. Energy exists in countless variations/forms. The qualities of the expanse of energy, as well as the intrinsic properties of it's physical form/outer layer is what dictates a 'type' of energy. In quantum mechanics, energy can be observed and scaled in terms of size. They range from the universal to the subatomic/quantum. The smallest of which includes dark matter and dark energy. These are some of the simplest forms of energy/"life" (conceptual context; energy is core of motion/life. Life is the complex 'regulated-energy-system' that hints at "intelligent-design"). The correlation between the regulation[system] of energy in a given space or object, and the 'extent'/quantifiable-unit (like Gigabyte or 'storage-unit' of measurement) of the perceivable intelligent-design/consciousness is absolute (i.e. they are undoubtedly related. A kind of Efficiency measuring unit can be created quantify "life"/extent of "intelligent-design"). Intelligent-design is life in every context (it hints at it), e.g. even the layered structure of the sun, all the way to cells in the body, and placement of gravitational body's in our solarsytem how's varying levels of regulated-energy-system (courtesy of "intelligent design"; a conscious-force that regulates and designed our conscious-universe). Since energy cannot be created nor destroyed, and since it can be converted/transformed into various forms, and physically built up or built down(alter properties, e.g. frequency & vibration), then how did energy come into being in the first place? How did it come to occupy the space[medium] that we call the "universe?" The answer: is that energy is released from another dimension[dark-matter: filter/layer consisting fabric of reality] and into the dimension we reside in-much like a pocket that is connected/lined to the outside world. A "whitehole" would be example of such an existence. Diffusion affects dark energy. The dimension pocket it came/leaked from is of a place with a high concentration (of dark energy). That would explain the [similar] moment / behavior that it shares with regular [atomic] particles, e.g. it's tendency to spread, and in a spherical/radiating manner, which indicates it originated from a small point in space. And in the case with diffusion between space of highly different concentration, the initial "exchange" is quite "explosive"; providing high volumes of kinetic energy. The rate of exchange will remain constant depending on the difference/intensity/concentration of dark energy between two spaces. If the rate of dark energy radiation begins to slow down that would imply that the difference in concentration / concentration gradient between two dimensions is reaching equilibrium. In our universe, this would result in the expanse of space so large that atoms wouldn't be able to collide anymore. Dark energy would still be leaking into the universe but it would be at a much slower rate, so the literal "creation process" would increasingly slow down, e.g. the rate of the birth of a new star would slow down. The result would be a very dull and spacious environment that remains seemingly forever frozen in time. Until one of the concentrated dimensions made contact with a [new] less concentrated one. The greater the difference in concentration between the two the more violent/energetic the explosion of their impact/contact with each other will be, e.g. a more powerful Big Bang. Since dark energy is the building blocks of reality, and since it takes up space by radiating within it, and then contracts and compresses to become a denser form of energy, i.e. dark matter (dark-matter is the conscious fabric of space/conscious fabric of reality, and it exists in layers. A black-hole wraps itself in the fabric of space; bending space-time, and by extension dark-matter as well). And eventually becomes a denser form of energy in the form of atoms, and eventually stars, galaxies, and universes...there is a possibility of universes overcrowding (universes are known to attract to each other and merge). In such an occasion, were a dimension is pulsing with too many universes (a outerverse-scaled big crunch, i.e. too much material in small space), contraction would occur again (possibly due to increase in gravity), resulting in the compression of denser forms of energy (resembling a red giant), that would then go on to emit and radiate into smaller forms of energy. These would, again, eventually become dark energy, and it would eventually leak into an other dimension... Repeating the process all over again. In short, it's a loop. The "compress, expand, and emit" process (similarly to a blackholes) seems to be infinite. But the question is what is it that continuously gives said energy direction. Diffusion is one explanation that partly answers this. But why doesn't the dimensions eventually reach equilibrium; to become a space of perpetual stagnation??? The answers seems to be that it can't reach equilibrium. -because the dimensions keep pulsating (shrinking and expanding) at different rates in relation to each other. When they make contact, like a bubble, a sudden release of dark energy, driven by momentum (caused by diffusion) is made, and it is in the form of an explosion, i.e. the "big bang." Neither dimensions is broken or vanishes. Instead the dimension with a smaller concentration gradient is absorbed into the dimension with a larger gradient. The process happens very slowly, i.e. spanning an near-infinite duration of time. But if you looked at the bigger picture by speeding up time, it would likely resemble a "bubble" or "photon" bursting < i.e. a sudden by relatively less intense transfer of energy>. Except, like the photon or bubble it didn't bursting into nothingness. Instead, it was only transferred into another environment/dimension. A whitehole would be a "big bang" but on a smaller scale. To reiterate, the point of contact between two [bubble] dimensions is comparable to two portals colliding/making contact with each other. When this occurs, the contents of the dimension with a higher concentration gradient, spills out into the dimension with a lower concentration gradient (rate of diffusion). In our dimension, such an occasion will resemble the big bang or a white hole, i.e. a bright burst of energy, that provides much needed momentum to a stagnating dimension-space, creating new and bigger constructs in the form of universes. The difference in concentration gradient is what decides the size of the explosion, i.e. whether it's a big bang or white hole (small blast).

[@momatotsosrorudodi]

Found a video of a girl where the title was just "Dark matter is NOT a theory". I expected her to argue it was a hypothesis. No, she was arguing it wasn't a theory because it was an indisputable fact. I wasted 20 minutes watching someone who didn't know that 'theory' isn't synonymous with a 'hypothesis'.

[@JackRussell021]

I guess I have always been a bit uneasy with dark matter, only because despite an incredible amount of effort, nobody has come any closer to an actual explanation. In the back of my mind I have sometimes wondered whether the real explanation is that our understanding of gravity is in some way incomplete - this video essentially explores that notion, so I found this video quite thought provoking.

[@alastorgdl]

I bet you pretty much nobody considers the possibility that problem is not focused on dark matter/gravity but scattered all over: redshift is wrong, which causes velocities and sizes wrong, which causes all sort of things including artifacts which seem like dark matter

[@alexandercurrie5301]

I have often wondered whether the source of many of the problems mentioned is that our measurements are not correct, for example perhaps light red shifts over vast periods of time rather than remaining constant.

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

Sabine is my favorite type of iconoclast. An instinct to go against the grain, but only does it when justified and does so with full acknowledgement of the reasons in both directions and how likely she is to be right.

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

@Odd Person She's the same way when doing science communication on other shows. In debates, I have seen her fully acknowledge the arguments against her and the likelihood that one or the other may be correct, especially when she is in the minority. That's a good way to find yourself wrong really often, but also to find yourself right a time or two when it really matters. I only know her as a science communicator. I don't know her actual science work.

[@nooneinparticular3370]

@Odd Person The "actual Physics" is full of pseuds.

[@mishaangelo926]

@Odd PersonFirstly, Sabine Hossenfelder has presented many uncontroversial videos on standard science. I suggest the clarity, logic and straightforwardness of her exposition is the basis for her popularity as a science communicator. Secondly, whatever rank you assign her in the heirachy, she is highly qualified to analyse, communicate and opine on, developments in her field of expertise. Lastly, in a an area of science that appears stuck in a loop, there is value in people who might bump the needle from the the groove it is trapped in. Can't see why you should be antagonistic.

[@ilikenicethings]

@Odd Person sure she has to discuss/present the things that many curious onlookers wonder about rather than something more mundane which is probably what most physicists have to spend their day to day lives concerned about (I’m guessing). But why would you feel the need to be so INSULTING towards her? One doesn’t normally call someone a zero unless they are jealous or have a grudge against them. My guess is that you dislike her for some reason that you have not disclosed. If you are going to be so rude about someone I think you should at least be more specific in your insulting so that your comments can be quickly understood in the proper context.

[@runs_through_the_forest]

@@ilikenicethings what comment? deleted.. 🤣

[@curtisholsinger6023]

I love how her explanation as to why, as a particle physicist, she once thought that Dark Matter was made up of particles, was pretty much the same as "if you have a hammer, everything begins to look like a nail."

[@kevindondrea144]

And what's wrong with trying to hit everything with a hammer? My Italian\American heritage supports "If it doesn't work, hit it with a hammer. If it still does not work, hit it with a bigger hammer". :) XD

[@parkerstroh6586]

Yup, this is one of the biggest problems in academia I reckon, mono-paradigmatic thinking

[@AdrieKooijman]

@@kevindondrea144 that's how my father used to 'repair' things. He ended up with most equipment new...

[@killfear]

"if you get a grant to find dark matter / dark energy, you begin explaining everyting in terms of dark matter / dark energy, even if you can't prove it."

[@russhamilton3800]

@@killfear and once the first grant dollar is paid an orgy of orthodoxy follows.

[@Rocketsong]

When I was working on my Bachelors, we still had not solved the "Missing Solar Neutrino" problem. There was still argument then as to whether Neutrinos had mass or not. Once we figured out that they were oscillating between types, we then knew they had to have mass, but again, the mass is far too small to be the missing dark "mater". I am more and more convinced that we simply do not have gravity correct on very large scales.

[@JohnDoe-yq9ml]

Exactly

[@vhawk1951kl]

I'm sure I had a neutrino once, and all I had to do was put it down and I immediately forgot where II had put it. I had one of those quarks in the back of my cab once, and it ran off without paying take my advice never trust a subatomic particle - they are only imaginary. I'm now beginning to understand how it is that: Col Cathcart and general Dreedle they so much money selling invisible aeroplanes. Plainly there is another wonderful every second. I think I might go into the invisible aeroplane business - there is obviously plenty of money in it.

[@vatsalyasharan4202]

And still those same equations predict lss?

[@DiscoGreen]

Agree. I think most of the issues labeled cosmological crisis disappear when you stop trying to make things fit observation amd ask yourself is this observation accurately defined. I don't think we know how to measure correctly in the first place and we're missing something big at long distance measurement. Once we can measure better the need for dark energy and dark matter to explain away these issues is not nessassary. Watch lppFusions series on Plasma theory. He has some really good arguments for what that missing data could be.

[@SolidSiren]

I completely agree

[@mahmoudamr4736]

I want to really thank you, I am a theoretical physics master student at Stony Brook, your videos are really unique and I personally benefitted a lot from them. Looking forward for more, thanks.

[@Wonkabar007]

Dark gravity is the answer 😄

[@michaelheath1194]

I like the way you think ;)

[@cesarsosa4617]

Or... modified matter

[@chrisbovington9607]

@@cesarsosa4617 Or Darified Mativity

[@fartmaker]

Or background gravitational anisotropy...

[@kenhaley4]

Haha. That's what I wrote (before I saw this).

[@Itharl]

As a non-science nerd (really just a science fan), this is probably the first time I've watched an explanation on a complicated subject that actually made sense to me. This channel is amazing and underrated, more comments for the algorithm!

[@Varue]

science enjoyer

[@johnmorrell3187]

I totally agree, though I feel it's worth pointing out that this video contains a lot of Sabine's opinions (which, while highly educated, are still opinions)

[@jonjudice1155]

You really need to look into real science. Thunderbolts project on KZbin or thunderbolts.info website. Nothing of what is being said here or in all of cosmology. You want it to make sense go check it out it'll change your mind

[@jonjudice1155]

See the pattern is another channel

[@jonjudice1155]

Sky scholar is another channel

[@sanmar6292]

As an Failure Analyst, I learned that a problem, that seems to have no explanation , is often a combination of different causes. So i think you could realy be on to something.

[@amineaboutalib]

where should one start if they wanna become a failure analyst

[@squirlmy]

You have already started by failing to know this and failing to get anywhere in the career! Seriously, I think it's totally made up. If such a field existed, they would come up with a better name.

[@milchada]

Hi Sabine! I've been following your work since undergrad, and you're a huge inspiration. I do, however, disagree on a couple of points here. The central cusps and the missing satellite problem both go away as soon as you implement baryonic feedback in simulations. We do know that stars go supernova, and supermassive black holes have (intermittent) powerful outflows, and many simulations over the last ~10 years have shown that these would disrupt many of the satellite halos predicted by dark-matter-only simulations, and flatten their cores. Personally, I run simulations of galaxy cluster mergers, now with gas included. The velocity inferred from the shock numbers is always higher than the initial infall velocity, so the estimates for systems like the Bullet likely run high. This has also been found by other groups. So while I'm with you in being sceptical of CDM in its current form as the final solution, I do think several of the issues you mentioned have to do with early simulations being unable to include baryons. They may only be ~15% of the total mass, but they can be explosive.

[@skaruts]

20 years ago, when scientists said _"20 years ago"_ I felt very young.

[@stephenking6590]

50 years ago, when somebody said 50 years ago, I thought that was impossible to comprehend.

[@joegibbskins]

@@stephenking6590 at least we’re not dead yet

[@timothyvanderschultzen9640]

@@joegibbskins - speak for yourself

[@joegibbskins]

@@timothyvanderschultzen9640 I am. Everyone who has ever posted something is speaking for themselves.

[@timothyvanderschultzen9640]

@@joegibbskins - 🤣

[@neilpenfold9037]

A real eye opener for me...It seems there is more to learn about gravity than was first proposed...I am becoming a massive fan Sabine!

[@dzcav3]

Don't get too massive. You might collapse into a black hole. (joke)

[@eljcd]

Dr. Hossenfelder, thank you ohthank you for bothering in finding a photo of Zwicky that doesn't make him looks like a cartoon...

[@James_BAlert]

Zwicky was brilliant in Scooby Doo!! 🤣🐕

[@marewhiskey1807]

You would think the poor guy only took that one picture in his whole life 😂

[@Juan-lf6qo]

t The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@tannerfaust433]

Zwicky used to live next door to Lenin....

[@brian554xx]

Are you implying that Zwicky was a real person? ;)

[@ArturdeSousaRocha]

As a side note, this video made me realize that Richard Feynman would be an absolute killer as a youtuber.

[@antonystringfellow5152]

No doubt!

[@Hansi_Hinterseer]

You are a sheep.

[@JohnVKaravitis]

No, he wouldn't. There ARE videos on KZbin where Feynmann is "explaining" stuff to an audience of students, and he comes across as a bitter old curmudgeon. But you keep worshipping him, we don't care.

[@dougg1075]

Oh man yes!

[@dougg1075]

Or Zwicky

[@mikebrant192]

Sabine, you have quite a talent for explanation. I actually thought I understood. Then I realised how preposterous that is. But that moment of "understanding" was quite glorious while it lasted! Thank you!

[@warehousejo007]

man, u, too? 😾

[@cullyomeara6918]

YES. Phase transition. A mathematical transform with some sort of bounded state thresholds for transition to occur. Perhaps it is common for these systems to remain in some sort of metastable state that lingers between the two different paradigms, making it more difficult to work out the distinct boundary conditions?

[@ow7398]

I watch your videos and come up with questions which I prepare to ask in the comments, but you always immediately answer them. It's like you're reading my mind! Thank you for your videos

[@washcloud]

Dark Matter : "- I fail to see the gravity of your theory" Modified Gravity : "- Oh well, it doesn't matter".

[@ariesdane5876]

Me - getting lost in Sabine's cobalt blue eyes and galaxy shirt. Not really paying attention to anything else.

[@fabricerocha492]

Possibly the nerdiest pun ever.

[@Stampalex]

Hahahaha... I like that. Perfect

[@jv-lk7bc]

ok, Asaac Isimov

[@anthonymarconi761]

That is connoisseur pun right there 🙏🏻

[@MeppyMan]

You have no idea how much I appreciate these late night (in Australia) mind bending/expanding videos. Such an amazing time to be alive where I can learn directly from you like this. Makes me wish I didn’t drop out of physics al those years ago. Thank you.

[@MeppyMan]

@@DrDeuteron lol

[@nagualdesign]

@@DrDeuteron The disk has a slight curve to it, like a Frisbee. 😉

[@Juan-lf6qo]

v The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@nagualdesign]

@@Juan-lf6qo Honestly, that all sounds as cuckoo as a Flat Earther but without the tongue in cheek.

[@vinko8237]

@@Juan-lf6qo Please stop. Go to another channel.

[@JordRengerve]

Thanks

[@pieterpost3606]

Youre one of the few youtube scientists that actually makes me think about stuff. So thanks for that.

[@yasploofyh8358]

That is an astronomical good looking sweater!

[@hylianknight3]

That sweaters out of this world

[@Juan-lf6qo]

c The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@alakani]

@@Juan-lf6qo You talk to God? That's cool. God's boss just told me to tell you to quit spamming

[@endthisnonsense7202]

@@Juan-lf6qo [The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author.] Indeed the author was some distante ancestor of the human that wrote them, living eons before writing was invented. The stories were handed down orally after someone made them up. [(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL)] Except of course humanity in it's entirity that was completely dispersed from Africa. And except of course Armenanians, Italians and some other people's diaspora.

[@KatharineOsborne]

As a programmer I’ll often come across bugs that look simple at first but they are actually 2 or 3 bugs combined and it’s not always obvious at first. It’s fun to get one of those problems because they are more intriguing (and usually not some stupid mistake or typo). So yeah, I totally get that multiple things can be a combined solution.

[@MsCravenMoorehead]

As a developer myself I can attest to this. We had an issue where names weren't getting updated correctly. Turns out it involved FOUR different services and only manifested itself when all four were involved in a perfect storm. Choosing any combination of the other 3 services worked fine. Wild stuff.

[@nanorider426]

Very true!

[@lazyoldmanathome7699]

Exactly the same with accidents. Eg Aeroplane crashes. It's never a single reason.

[@cleancoder3838]

As a well experienced developer I find bugs ... unnecessary.

[@MsCravenMoorehead]

@@cleancoder3838 Necessity is not a requirement for existence :)

[@allstarwatt7246]

you do a very good job at explaining such complex things

[@seanspartan2023]

This reminds me very much of particle wave duality and the creation of quantum mechanics.

[@altrag]

Well that's what she was going for so.. guess she did a pretty good job? Of course whether this explanation is right or not is up for grabs. Its certainly tempting to see it as a duality when its described like that with the words plastered on the screen and some arrows.. but that doesn't really mean much. In particular if MOND is interpreted as a field and dark matter as corresponding particles (ie: excitations) within that field, then there should also be a wave hiding in the math somewhere. Which is exciting in its own right as finding a wave in the math could potentially lead to an observable that we haven't seen (or just haven't noticed) which in turn could potentially be a testable prediction - and if we can find evidence of such a prediction somewhere in the universe, then we'd know we're on some pretty solid theoretical ground!

[@RWin-fp5jn]

Exactly! The energy of a particle is BOTH the particle property of potential AND forms the spiraled grid around it! So depending in the dominant scale, we should like wise observe space (and its contraction, a.k.a gravity) as a field AND a particle property. Moreover, I'd wish we'd recognize that it is the speed of mass that causes gravity as per Special Relativity where we call it speed induced 'frontal spacetime contraction'. In restmass all speeding subatomic particles have unaligned speeds and thus collectively generate a seemingly radial contraction. But fundamentally it is a speed related linear effect. Which explains why a speeding macro object will generate extra spacetime contraction which we falsely attribute to DM in the first place. It is not Einstein's GR but SR that is the fundamental theory of gravity!

[@altrag]

@@RWin-fp5jn Huh? What kind of nonsense is this? You seem to be mixing up physical particles with ... uhhh what I think you're implying is some kind of "gravity particle"? And mixing up the relativistic effects on a single particle (ie: length contraction) with some sort of geometric effects on collections of particles ("unaligned speeds"), and I think it would be pretty noticeable if everything was tearing itself apart by having its particles moving at different velocities. Or actually it wouldn't, because such a universe couldn't possibly support life and thus nobody to notice themselves being torn apart. But aside from that, whether or not GR is a complete theory (probably not), we do know for sure that SR is incomplete - that's why GR and other theories of gravity were invented in the first place. SR by itself simply doesn't explain enough things (like for instance, it doesn't explain gravity at all. That's a pretty big issue for your assertion). Perhaps you can build some new theory on top of SR that isn't GR, but in that case the "fundamental theory of gravity" would be your new one - it still wouldn't be special relativity.

[@RWin-fp5jn]

​@@altrag You obviously were not paying attention to what Sabine is saying in the video. Sabine states at times the observations appear best explained by 'particles' and at times by fields. It is basically the same thing. And I agree. It is just that we should NOT see either form as a 'detached' separate phenomenon independent of observable matter. It is a property of visible matter. As such, I pointed out (and this is quite viable) that we had and still have a similar discussion about particle wave duality 100 years ago, namely that at times the energy of an object appears a 'particle property' and at times a 'field property'. It is the same discussion. So both space and energy are grid related issues, even though energy 'radiates outward' and spacetime contraction 'inwards. The inversion effect of one GRID form dominance over the other (Space vs Energy) and as a result also 'field vs. particle', (which Sabine hints on at the end), depends on wether we cross an 'event horizon' e.g. the outer border of our galaxy, or (on the other end of the scale) wether we enter the subatomic realm of atoms. As for the fundament of gravity; GR is a mere mathematical description of gravity in restmass. The PHYSICAL explanation is given by SR. High speeds causes frontal spacetime contraction which is an observed (!) effect, FYI. It is just that we forget that this must then also apply to the countless high speed subatomic particles constituting restmass (nucleons electrons) . Due to their UNALIGNMENT they collectively generate a radial ST contraction we call gravity. But fundamentally SR is the actual physical explanation for gravity. It is not 'presence' but SPEED of mass. Thats why speeding macro objects have ADDITiONAL 'dark' (linear) spacetime contraction on top of their (radial) restmass gravity. I appreciate your limited physical insights so instead of ridiculing Sabine's message and trolling relevant comments, I suggest you stick to TikTok where your comments are surely appreciated. Gracias

Yeah... The cult of bumping particles! You ppl are ridiculous! "Particle wave duality"... What a load of crap! LOL!!

[@darkomartinovic6475]

I love this. You don't dumb things down with stupid analogies, you explain things like you would to your collage... I assume.

[@ImperatorZed]

Maybe in an introductory lesson to give an overview? I assume a normal lecture would go into much more detail on a much more specific subject. And maths. Tons and tons of maths.

[@tomaaron6187]

Agree, being in the sciences I usually roll my eyes at analogies. They give a false sense of understanding.

[@kylemacarthur9863]

Analogies: What are we, a joke to you?

[@AlaskaB83]

how do you explain things to a collage? Funny imagine... of course you meant colleague

[@eddiepopcopter5902]

I don’t know if you’re right or wrong, but no one can ever argue with the clarity of your logic. It’s so impressive.

[@Juan-lf6qo]

w The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@spicybaguette7706]

@@Juan-lf6qo stfu

[@Space_Rebel]

@@Juan-lf6qo stfu

[@mitseraffej5812]

@@Juan-lf6qo Can you find a passage in your bible that explains the cosmic observations that require dark matter and/or modified gravity to make sense of.

[@gravitonthongs1363]

@@mitseraffej5812 That is evidence based, not religious ideology.

[@DavidMFChapman]

As a physicist trained to the MSc level and an amateur astronomer, I have always been uncomfortable with invoking unseen and undetectable dark matter to explain the cosmological observations. To me it’s a case of modern-day epicycles. I love your clear explanation of these philosophical problems snd your healthy skepticism. I also love your brevity.

[@harbingerdawn]

There are plenty of very real things that are unseen and very difficult to detect, as particle dark matter is hypothesized to be. There is no reason that it can't exist and nothing that makes it a bad hypothesis. That of course doesn't mean it's true, just that it should not be discounted as long as it remains a testable hypothesis, regardless of how uncomfortable one is with the idea. Experiments continue to be done, and the field of candidate particle explanations for dark matter continues to narrow, and that will continue until the plausible particle hypotheses are exhausted, or someone presents a hypothesis with better explanatory and predictive powers, which means science is working as intended.

[@windywednesday4166]

Yes, I'm not a physicist, but I've had reservations about dark matter. I've suspected that anomalies were seen that needed to be explained and "dark matter" was inserted as a placeholder until further studies and analysis could be done to measure and define it.

[@kellyrobinson1780]

​@@windywednesday4166 I'm not a physicist or astronomer either, but it's my understanding that you're exactly right; and nobody's trying to hide it or anything. We've made these various observations, and more gravity in the universe would explain what we observe, but we can't detect any additional mass to account for the gravity we think MUST be there. But the gravity has to come from SOMEwhere, and so we call that "dark matter", just to give it a name. We can't DETECT any matter, but we've never seen gravity WITHOUT it; so just to give this mysterious phenomenon a name, because we have to call it SOMEthing, we call it "dark matter"; and it IS just a placeholder until we figure out what it actually IS.

[@kellyrobinson1780]

Gardening Astronomer: I wouldn't be too uncomfortable. My understanding is that "dark matter" is just a name we've slapped on to a phenomenon we've observed, but don't understand yet. We might just as well have called it the "Cosmic Conframmulation", but that would have sounded too silly. So we said, "We'll just call it "dark", because we can only detect it indirectly by it's effects, and "matter" because SO FAR, we've never seen gravity that wasn't associated with matter. But that COULD change. We don't know EVERYthing, and we've been caught by surprise before. So "dark matter" is just something to call it until something better comes up." Ptolemy thought epicycles were real; but we're not taking any bets just yet on how literal "dark matter" is.

[@BrunoVasco]

I like the humor in the idea of thinking about *condensed* matter physics to explain the most un-condensed thing that exists.. (of course that's a problem of language and scale and etc, but I still find it funny and also very interesting)

[@Juan-lf6qo]

r The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@kazedcat]

Juan H Your God is evil.

[@rogeriopenna9014]

@@Juan-lf6qo Jupiter Optimus Maximus is the true God!

[@eljcd]

Ah, but if the stuff can condense and uncondense, then really is the better choice...

[@samwisegamgee4659]

Sabine is rapidly becoming one of my favorites.

[@WadcaWymiaru]

Sabine hit the ground: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

[@RadicalCaveman]

@@WadcaWymiaru What is that supposed to mean?

[@WadcaWymiaru]

@@RadicalCaveman read then you will know that there is no "modification" in the gravity...

[@leehudson4031]

She is a quack

[@grantwithers]

@@leehudson4031 lelz hardly

[@alunternehmer8821]

That dress is simply celestial ✨💖

[@KathrynLiz1]

Love your starry top..🙂 Thanks for the video

[@jeffwads]

Your wardrobe looks stellar.

[@1pedalsteel374]

I too love the wizard look. If anything, add a pointy hat.

[@PeeOrbital]

That was so fascinating that I totally missed the exact point at which my brain melted.

[@staceyknoell6339]

It was when she said we have the theory of gravity wrong. Or at least that's when my brain melted.

[@jonathanodude6660]

@@staceyknoell6339 weve known gravity was wrong for a long time. it gives the wrong answer when you use it on any quantum system, while quantum theories get it wrong on macro sized systems. but individually theyre great theories. thats why its so difficult to find the exact point/reason that theyre wrong and work from there. weve been pushing the limits on both theories for ages and we might be looking at a couple leads.

[@justfoundit]

"the question is JUST how to combine them" - love it :D

[@Cuzjudd]

Where have I heard that before in Physics...

[@RWin-fp5jn]

@@Cuzjudd INDEED.....smells like particle wave duality, except the 'expanding' effect of energy (in particle or wave form) is now replaced by the 'contracting' effect of space (in particle or wave form). Gee....I wonder if both are linked as each other inverse grid expression. Just like energy is curved into spirals around particles at the subatomic level, so is space wrapped in spirals around the core of our Sagittarius A black hole. Spiral arms anyone? Unbelievable that physics community is not looking into this for 100 years now.

[@DarkMatter1919]

I hate it

[@schneiderwm]

Thanks for explaining these hard to understand topics!

[@nearlyzero9849]

Great discussion. I have felt for a long time that Dark Matter has become a dogma. Up until now, I have leaned more to Modified Gravity, but once again, the lovely Sabine makes one rethink the whole thing.

[@sentinel2199]

Make sure to watch her 2 year old "Superfluid Dark Matter" video about the same topic: kzbin.info/www/bejne/ameblKx4j8SWp5Y

[@nearlyzero9849]

@@sentinel2199 I'm sure I did, but I will again.cheers

[@sentinel2199]

Interestingly, one of the cold dark matter candidates (axions) could become a superfluid that would match MOND... and this shares some similarity to the superfluidity of other Bose-Einstein condensates measured in the lab, albeit on a rather larger scale! (But axions are particles, where-as lab Bose-Einstein condensates are made of atoms.)

[@tmad-sb6mj]

It is also nice that the superfluid dark matter idea seems to allow us to avoid desecrating the basic GR theory, IMO. 😃🤔

[@sentinel2199]

Bose-Einstein condensates (and superfluidity) occur when a (sufficiently dense) gas made of normal matter is cooled to very low temperatures. Dark matter is typically modelled as a gas (aka fluid), and non-interacting dark matter should tend to be cold (unless agitated too much by gravity). Perhaps we should not be surprised if (sufficiently dense) dark matter (within galaxies) can become a Bose-Einstein condensate, and start acting as a superfluid!? (But dark matter is probably made of particles, where as normal gases are made of atoms.) Note: I am not a physicist (just a science geek), so take the above with a pinch of salt.

[@raycorcoran137]

Seems like the old duality of light problem we had a hundred years ago and a matter of scale of the features that are being looked at.

[@Juan-lf6qo]

x The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author.DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL)PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66)"For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain."ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36)"And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2)I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@nielskorpel8860]

@@Juan-lf6qo ​May you see my reply from amongst the sea of 'shut-up' comments. May it break through the mental wall you use to defend against the pain from the reactions. I've read your words, I've considered them, but I have a question: Why do you think these words will resonate with anyone here? They aren't relevant to the subject of the video, the subject of the comments, or any of the people here (probably). They are just contextless words dropped without any engagement, as if you expect them to just magically convince people because of... what?, exactly? So may I sincerely ask you this question: why?

[@russwhiteman981]

@@nielskorpel8860 If he CARED about actually making a difference to anyone, he'd TALK to people, rather than cutting and pasting the same message dozens or hundreds of times. He's quite likely just another troll, keeping score by counting those 'shut-up' comments.

[@nielskorpel8860]

@@russwhiteman981 one way in which he could have done this without trolling, is if they truly believed that their words were soo devincely convincing that those open to their gods word would recognise the truth in them. given juan probably believes his faith, i wouldn't be shocked if these words actually mean something to him emotionally. it just has no meaning to us and he doesn't realise that arguments don't work the way he tried. :)

[@russwhiteman981]

@@nielskorpel8860 And this is why the number of religious nuts keeps (slowly) falling. Even the biggest idiot in the world knows spamming people isn't going to make you any friends, much less convert anyone. Screw him, and all the rest of them. The world will be a MUCH better place without them.

[@michaelworkman4057]

Thank you Sabine! "Both" is often the most productive answer to any question. It reminds me of this old joke: Two neighbors were fighting over a financial dispute. They couldn’t reach an agreement, so they took their case to the local rabbi. The rabbi heard the first litigant’s case, nodded his head and said, “You’re right.” The second litigant then stated his case. The rabbi heard him out, nodded again and said, “You’re also right.” The rabbi’s attendant, who had been standing by this whole time, was justifiably confused. “But, rebbe,” he asked, “how can they both be right?” The rav thought about this for a moment before responding, “You’re right, too!”

[@POLMAZURKA]

why a rabbit?....because its Easter..............

[@totheknee]

I'm not sure how productive that is in the end, but you're right as well!

[@danzap3844]

I miss the rabbi's omitted words at the end - "... and I mean rest."

[@rayoflight6220]

I fully agree with you on this item. Condensed matter is shorthand for how quarks and gluons join their properties to give rise to inertia and gravity...

[@Debilitator47]

Utterly interesting idea. I've been, as a layman, watching and reading about quantum physics, dark matter, dark energy, the early universe, and all these concepts, and trying to piece together in my own understanding how they all fit. I want to see more researchers in these fields weigh in, and proposals for studies and experiments.

[@DJWESG1]

BBC focused on this in their "horizon" series a decade or so ago, many vids on utube. They be of some help.

[@sxdrujandis]

agreed, more modern and fresh science is need into this. Most people don't seem to focus, however, on fields in astrophysics...

[@russwhiteman981]

@@sxdrujandis Most people don't focus on science. I'm not sure I agree that astrophysics is particularly shortchanged. The gravity detectors cost a pretty penny.

[@edwarddawson7849]

the fact that this lady can take time to explain theoretical physics to laymen is amazing. thank you.

[@gardenlizard1586]

I hope whatever this matter/force/field is, it is something we can use to communicate/transmit. No more electromagnetic interference

[@SabineHossenfelder]

I like that idea!

[@sxdrujandis]

future science idea.

[@edwardlee2794]

I think I love particle physics and cosmology to the point I understand it. Now you brightens me that there are so many more aspects and questions to probe. And help me understand to a higher level including questions. Thanks for the effort and keep up the good work. From Hker worldwide

[@guineapig1016]

As a Space Opera writer I'm happy to see/hear progress.

[@Pebo62]

You should have a listen to Nu Deco Ensemble's Humans vs Robots

[@gordianknot5625]

I think we need to look into the existence of dark gravity. I've noticed my eyelids getting heavier the darker the night gets.

[@heisag]

You're a lucky one. Mine seems to get heavier the brighter the day, especially work hours.

[@Juan-lf6qo]

d The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author.DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL)PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66)"For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain."ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36)"And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2)I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@akostarkanyi825]

@@heisag :-D Same problem here. We might live in the same Universe.

[@AndyCampbellMusic]

@@Juan-lf6qo Talking snakes and donkeys. Please investigate the light of reason and absurd ideas such as universe creators using books and the sun using candles to see at night, also how all these absurd ideas are connected.. Thank you.

[@Nicole-rz3qv]

I think that’s melatonin

[@Luxalpa]

From my own experience as a software developer, the most difficult to solve problems are always those that are in reality two (or more) separate problems interacting with each other. So yes, this would also make sense here :P

[@Juan-lf6qo]

i The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@strictnonconformist7369]

Complex enough systems are not deterministic in how they behave, makes it fun for debugging!

[@user-sl6gn1ss8p]

@@strictnonconformist7369 I guess everything I code is complex then u.u

[@stalinbeltran4955]

Oh yes, those combined problems are the worst

[@devalapar7878]

The 3-body problem is already so complex that we cannot write an explicit formula for it. On the other hand, gases consist of millions of particles, but we can describe them fairly well with a few parameters.

[@jcasa12]

This perpective that darkmatter (particle) + modified gravity (field) duality seems to be consistent with quantum theory, that an entity such as light can have both properties as a particle and wave in certain perpective, is interesting. If it was possible to unify darkmatter + modified gravity into a single theory it may give us a quantum explanation of gravity, which is very exciting.

[@Person01234]

I was just wondering if this problem could be tied to a unified theory, that if we figure out how to reconcile quantum mechanics and classical mechanics then we might figure out why it seems like there's so much more mass out there, or vice versa. Perhaps both need to be modified, perhaps involving a new particle and in modifying them we come to an answer. Of course its very easy to say "just modify it" it's a lot harder to do the actual math.

[@jamieg2427]

i'm about thirty minutes from finishing your book, Sabine, _Lost in Math_ and it's been extremely eye opening. thank you for writing the book. 😊

[@gerardvila4685]

I agree. If I were in the Nobel committee I'd hire her to help choose who gets the physics prize.

[@jamieg2427]

@@gerardvila4685 Good idea. People who help us create an eagle eye view of the field and examine what is happening and why are extremely precious.

[@KibyNykraft]

Nature does not arrange itself in categories of subjective reference points, it is rather more or less relativistic/fully dynamic. Courtesy to Einstein and friends for that admittance, but even N Tesla for that sake. So gettting too lost in maths is not very realistic. The more complex the maths, the less scientific the theory.

[@jamieg2427]

@@KibyNykraft that's a mischaracterization. the thesis is that an obsession with mathematical elegance and simplicity is leading physics astray. Eisenstein's commitment to simplification led him to incorrect assumptions---again purely due to his preference for simplifying assumptions (specifically about the cosmological constant). the scientific approach is to use the theory that best describes reality at the level of detail you're interested in, without imposing our aesthetic need for elegance, simplicity, or the reverse of those.

[@KibyNykraft]

@@jamieg2427 Not fully disagreeing but let us say that heuristics can tend to go a bit too far

[@Basaltmbl]

An instructor with interest in the scientific method more than ego....how novel and rare you are Sabrina, thanks.

[@dsrtsnw]

*Sabine :D

[@Chicken_Little_Syndrome]

Why are most of these comments compliments that ignore substance? How "scientific" is that? You guys seem more interested in talking around a subject than talking about a subject. A great way to go in circles for centuries…

[@mennovanderster5607]

@@Chicken_Little_Syndrome you are in a youtube comment section haha dont expect people to go full scientific mindset here. I can guarantee you also do not think scientific at all times. At least i hope you realise life is much more than just that!

[@VA7SL]

A wizard hat would have really capped off your ensemble nicely

[@juansantos-lq2kz]

With a Ravenclaw crest.

[@parrogakaparadise9477]

🤣

[@bradfordreed6175]

Who knows where we'll be in another twenty years? Thank you for your illuminating contribution to the discussion; I now have new ways to think about the question.

[@davewilson13]

One of the most accessible talks on Dark Matter I’ve ever seen and I am trained as a particle physicist. Thank you.

[@barryon8706]

In before everybody asks you to look at their theory of the universe. I had one too, but it turns out duct tape doesn't work that way.

[@TheMarrethiel]

Nice article. Props to Sabine, she is always happy to speak her truth.

[@starlord6088]

I love the shirt

[@dailynotes2845]

wow. your voice and the things you're teaching. They go so brilliantly together! I can't...

[@oisnowy5368]

Normally I wouldn't comment on something superficial but woah! ... That is one effin' awesome T-shirt!

[@truerthanyouknow9456]

“Well, actually, you can totally do that...” hahaha awesome

[@totheknee]

I wish she gave other examples of that happening. Maybe the particle/wave duality? It is pretty unsatisfying, though. And it makes me think whenever we do that, we are probably missing something fundamental.

[@truerthanyouknow9456]

@@totheknee We're definitely missing something fundamental, but our model is improving. Yay Science!

[@neildown7231]

Yeah if you want spend another century chasing your tail

[@Bunny99s]

@@totheknee Well, it's kinda the case with relativity and quantum mechanics. At our current level they don't play well together. So we don't have a unified theory. Each theory works well in their respective fields. A theory should be judged by its predictive capabilities and simplicity. Though the predictive part is of course more important.

[@geroffmilan3328]

Indeed: there is *nothing* to compel a single solution as explanation for multiple different problems.

[@hernanlopez5047]

The succinct writing behind this video really drives a complicated topic to seem like an overall simple idea. Fascinating! Well done!

[@leemcloughlin1349]

I can dispense with Dark Matter and modify gravity at a stroke. The answer is that we attribute too much mass to the cause of a gravitational force. Here goes: Mass causes a gravitational field, the more mass, the stronger the gravitational field. But regardless of how strong the gravitational field is, there is no gravitational force without something else. A gravitational force exists between two things, the same goes for speed and motion. No one thing alone can have linear speed, linear motion or gravitational force. Things that have a significantly strong gravitational field usually form spheres, like the stars, planets and moons. Spheres follow the inverse square over distance with regards to gravity and luminosity. It is fair to say that both radiate outward from the sphere equally in all directions. Therefore it should also be fair to say that we can only see a fraction of the sun’s light on a sunny day. It’s other light shines in other directions and we certainly can’t see the sun’s emitted light on its far side. The same goes for gravity. A man standing in London can’t possibly feel the effects of gravity in Sydney, New York or New Delhi. In fact, the gravity in Sydney is acting in the opposite direction to the gravity in London. Yet all currently theories on gravity attribute the whole mass of both objects for the gravitational force between the two. My modification is that only a fraction of the mass of two bodies (the Earth and the Moon for example) is responsible for the gravitational force. This means that gravity is much stronger than first thought. To calculate the amount of mass of the Earth responsible for the gravitational attraction of something small, like a man, the formula is: (a/A*100)*M Where: a = The area of the Earth’s surface that the small object occupies. A = The surface area of the Earth. M = The mass of the Earth. To find the mass responsible for the gravitational attraction of two celestial bodies (these formulas are written for online scientific calculators capable of handling many digits): Mss1 = 2*pi*R2^2*(R2-(R2*sin((180-(2*atan(R2/D)))/2)))/3/(pi*R2^3/3*4)* M1 Mss2 = 2*pi*R1^2*(R1-(R1*sin((180-(2*atan(R1/D)))/2)))/3/(pi*R1^3/3*4)* M2 Where: R1/R2 = the radius of the sphere. D = the distance between the spheres’ centres. M1/M2 = the mass of the spheres. Mss1/Mss2 = mass responsible for the gravitational force. And to find the gravitational force using my modified theory: F = G √ (Mss1 * Mss2) Where: G = 15.97180204921563752672

[@flopsnail4750]

This makes no sense. Use some units. Newtons, kilograms, meters. Think in general. You shouldn't need one object super small and the other really big. Also the number 100 seems arbitrary. What are the units of 15.9? 9.8 m/s/s experimentally works for earth, does your formula reproduce that? Can you think of some experiments that can put your ideas to the test? Compare your formulas with the basic physics equations easily found online. What are you trying to say anyway?

[@leemcloughlin1349]

The units are all SI and so mass is in kg and force in Newtons.

[@Stampalex]

I find this so very interesting, despite the fact that I'm pretty clueless - Sabine, you do inspire me to think about these things. Love it

[@habsy3438]

What a beautiful explanation .. well done Sabine !!!.. I also like to ad that this illustrates that even within the scientific community there are individuals entrenched in dogma

[@habsy3438]

@Ron Albin 4th language!!! Lol

[@zeropol]

This channel is so better than the numerous science star-channels who mainly do spectacle and clickbait. Thanks for this. edit : With a shade ! See comments below.

[@stefanolacchin4963]

The title for this video is actually clickbait. Nothing "has changed" for Dark matter. Just her stance over a couple decades. I clicked on the video expecting new facts and I came out at the other side empty handed.

[@zeropol]

@@stefanolacchin4963 Well it is true ! I won't delete my previous comment but I agree with you. Thanks for pointing it out !

[@stefanolacchin4963]

@@zeropol I think this is the first time I saw someone change his mind in an online conversation because of a disagreeing reply. One thing this channel does have for sure, and it's an awesome community. Thank *you*.

[@Elrog3]

@@stefanolacchin4963 I see it happen from time to time but I probably spend way too much time in the KZbin comment section lol

[@stefanolacchin4963]

@@Elrog3 when the conversation is not toxic and not polluted by weird guys ranting about unscientific beliefs, there's a lot of knowledge and stimuli to be harvested from the comment sections on KZbin. That's why I like this channel so much, most of Sabine's followers are thirsty for knowledge and have little patience with pseudoscience.

[@HakunaMatata-os1og]

When you see something gravitationally that you did not expect, and you find no particles to explain it, and it occurs in an area of spacetime (low mass) that is unintuitive or unfamiliar to humans, my best guess is that the shape of spacetime itself is not always what we expect. In relatively high mass regions of spacetime, which is a thing familiar to us humans, living inside of a solar system, within a galaxy, as we do, things are relatively flat and well grounded, with dips corresponding to intense gravitational concentrations (planets, stars, black holes, etc.), with the steepest dips belonging to the most gravitationally intense objects. What about areas of spacetime not nailed down by gravitational objects of sufficient size and quantity? We might assume it would be the same there also, but maybe not. Perhaps spacetime leavens or billows upwards, ever so slightly, in areas of low mass, with larger expanses of low mass spacetime seeing a correspondingly more pronounced effect. What would this positively curved spacetime do? Well, at slighter curvatures, it could cause a gravitationally repulsive effect all along the curve, pushing together things like galaxies, which exist on the edges of such positively curved spacetime, thus accounting for the effects we attribute to dark matter. In deeper voids, such the the spaces between galaxy clusters, the positive curvature could create sufficient repulsive effect, that new spacetime is diffusely created over the intervening parsecs. This would be like a white hole, but extremely diffuse, albeit still very noticeable on the vast scales of the universe. This could account for what we see in dark energy. So there you have it. Both dark energy and dark matter explained by the ever-so-slightly positive curvature of spacetime in regions of low mass, where it billows outwards like a sail, with no points of mass to nail it down.

[@christinechapman9764]

That's an amazing idea.

[@HakunaMatata-os1og]

This idea of positive spacetime curvature in low mass areas could help explain the process of expansion that took place in the early universe. There is general agreement that the early universe was a hot dense place, with no space for all that matter and energy to go. So how did the universe expand, basically add spacetime to itself, in order become more diffuse? Well, if it is possible for positive spacetime curvature to exist in low mass areas, then those areas might have existed in the fringes of the early hot dense place. That would allow for the creation of new spacetime, at inflationary speeds perhaps, if the curvature were sufficiently extreme. Once spacetime was being added to the universe, all that hot dense stuff had somewhere to go, and expansion became a possibility, and the rest, as they say, is history. Cosmological history.

[@stesch-f]

This morning under the shower I had the idea that observations that need dark matter as an explanation could probably be caused by unknown properties of space-time on this scale and not by actual matter. And a few hours later KZbin recommends me this video. Nice.

[@axeman2638]

spacetime is nonsense.

[@KibyNykraft]

@@axeman2638 Time is motion in space.

[@KibyNykraft]

Space might have properties of some form ,but that depends on what we define as properties. Basically one must assume that any unknown property has to take place in or to a background of emptiness ,but that question remains open I guess. When it comes to time, the scientific definition of time is nothing else than motion of whatever in space, which happens relativistically. Assigning mysterytime to space is sort of nonsensical. It is however not to be avoided fully "if" dark energy is a form of aetherial dynamic, but it is much more probable that DE if anything at all, is a bunch of quasiparticles. So far I think it is just a bit too esoteric. Unfalsiable.

[@axeman2638]

@@KibyNykraft dark matter and dark energy are fudge factors invented to make a failed theory work, there is no evidence for them, they don't exist except in the minds of psychotic cosmologists.

[@Soken50]

@@axeman2638 feel free to present your working model and collect your Nobel Prize. Or you can continue believing your unsubstantiated bullshit, up to you really. Just don't bother the scientists actually trying to fix the cases where our understanding of the Universe breaks down.

[@Acid_Viking]

You've shown KZbin the sweater. Now you must protect it from those who would use it for evil.

[@spiritzweispirit1st638]

Ha! Very Clever! Lol👍

[@Pebo62]

Did you miss her mention of the "flat rotation curve"?

[@parrogakaparadise9477]

🤣

[@marcochimio]

I’m not a physicist, but this is an outstanding explanation of the dark matter quandary. Thank you, Doctor Sabine.

[@clydeblair9622]

Dark matter was really a problem in NY & London until pet owners were forced to clean up after their dogs or be fined.

[@Hyumanity]

I’m not sure if I’m using this correctly but it makes me think of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. Seems to be a common occurrence in life!

[@chrismantonuk]

We have SO MUCH left to learn. It’s awesome.

[@Juan-lf6qo]

/ The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@obsidianman50]

@@Juan-lf6qo No one asked for your paragraph of ridiculous Bronze Age fairy tales.

[@bern047]

Thanks for your questioning our standard theories, we all need to do this, we don't know 95 % of what is out there, I love your cosmic sweater

[@Juan-lf6qo]

l The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@garypaulson5202]

Fascinating!

[@MolecularMachine]

This is the first science video I've ever found that even mentioned an alternate theory to dark matter. Every other one uncritically proposed dark matter as the only plausible explanation. It bothered me because my hunch has always been something like what you describe modified gravity to be, just some as of yet unknown gravitational effect. Thank you so much for this video!

[@eljcd]

Hello, that's it because the overwhelming majority of Astrophysicists accept the LCDM model of Cosmology and work inside it, let's say, to improve it and explain with it any challenge that observations may generate. In contrast, I would be astounded if there are a 2% of the community looking in Modifications of Gravity. If you are interested, here is a lecture by Stacy McGaugh, talking about the dynamics of Galaxies, and comparing the DM model with MOND: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sKe7p3Vrat2hidk

[@boreddude3898]

looking at it more I think this video isn't even offering modified gravity as an "alternative" to dark matter, but instead showing how we have 2 things that alone can't explain everything we see but given that they cover each others blindspots its a combination of the two that we need

[@redf7209]

Kant's philosophical theory of regime changes explains why it is so hard for one idea to be replaced by another in science. Even as it does so there are people left behind particularly the media who take time to pick up, understand and get the revised message out there which the public see. Even the scientists who may turn their papers into books will take time to grasp a finished picture and get that message out. Its harder when an idea dies and there is not a new comprehensive replacement to explain. The persistence of existing material available to the public that gets regularly put out and repeated even when it has become outdated has to be contended with.

[@downwithputinsaveukraine1313]

@@redf7209 Very nearly done!! Great long post.

[@billwesley]

this is for you redshift.vif.com/JournalFiles/Pre2001/V03NO3PDF/V03N3WES.PDF

[@rikkilleen3169]

This shirt, I must have it. We've spent how many decades accepting Schrodinger's quantum leaping cat and other such riddles without any sense of embarrassment; but suddenly, the idea that shifting quantum phenomenon could affect what we observe on a macro, galactic scale makes some people blanch seems - incongruous. Thank you for your open mindedness.

[@martinbladelvan1949]

this one on amazon comes close: ACEVOG Women's Long Sleeve Pullover Hooded Cute 3D Galaxy Printing Sweatshirts Casual Loose Hoodie Tunic Top

[@animavideography1379]

The most clear & coherent unpacking of the mysteries of dark matter I've seen explained anywhere Sabine danke dir! It's also rather endearing that you can explain such complex concepts in your second language so fluently yet still pronounce Windows as 'Vindows' 😉

[@ZaphodBeeb1]

Explained the CMBR power spectrum graph much better than I had seen before, which was very helpful , and went on to compare the "dark matter vs modified gravity" explanations with the latest astronomical observations. Very interesting video.

[@MCsCreations]

Fantastic, Sabine! Thank a lot! 😃 In the beginning of the video I was thinking "why the hell not both?"... And that's exactly how it ended! 😂 Anyway, stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

[@KakaC-f8j]

Wow, I've just picked condensed matter physics as my future path

[@falklumo]

I can only hope that Sabine is able to work her ideas out enough so she can publish this idea. It is certainly worth it and only when publishing can the physics community discuss it. We should all remember that Sabine isn't a KZbinr but a paid Theoretical Physicist at a German science institute.

[@Yxalitis]

She is a KZbinr AND a paid Theoretical Physicist at a German science institute.

[@timewalker6654]

@@Yxalitis well, she isn't a professional youtuber.

[@majorfallacy5926]

@@timewalker6654 she has a sponsor, i.e. she receives money for it, i.e. she's a professional youtuber

[@animewow311]

@@majorfallacy5926 It's very unlikely this is her main source of income. I would doubt it's even a significant one. For all we know, the sponsor money could just be for channel operation. So, at most, I would call this a lucrative pet project.

[@Juan-lf6qo]

s The human being wrote the prophecies of the Bible but is not the author. DISPERSION: (Deutoronomy 64) "And the Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end"(NO OTHER PEOPLE OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN DISPERSED LIKE ISRAEL) PRESERVATION (Isaiah 66) "For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make will remain before me, says the Lord, so your offspring and your name will remain." ISRAEL WILL BE A NATION AGAIN: (Ezekiel 36) "And I will take you from the nations, and gather you from all lands, and bring you to your country." (prophecy fullfilled after WW2) I invite you to visit this channel of yotube to listen to the word of God,: Iglesia La Luz del Mundo - Ortodoxia

[@johnblack6020]

I like the way you talk😊

[@TRayTV]

Dark matter and energy have always felt like ad hoc explanations for why the favored theory didn't add up.

[@donaldclifford5763]

Dr. Eric Lerner agrees.

[@simony2801]

I always thought dark matter and energy were a couple of things they dreamt up because the standard model did not fit properly,

[@ricomajestic]

Well Neptune and other heavenly bodies were initially offered as explanations for why the favored theory at the time didn't add up and they were found to exist!

[@downwithputinsaveukraine1313]

Yeah, string theory was a massive boondoggle that cost us a lot of precious time... Tens of billions thrown at it and we know nothing from it- it simply appears to fail a concrete test in our universe. Dark matter and energy is called that for a reason, dark because we cannot figure out how or why it works, we just know it does according to existing, accepted models. It's kind of a diagnosis of exclusion from a doctor. Yeah, it's doing something but we don't know why.

[@rylian21]

More like placeholders. There's something we can indirectly observe and measure and use to predict, but we don't know what it is exactly, or how it works.

[@qwerty90615]

Sabine, you covered a great deal of ground in a short time, and did it well, as usual. The candidates for particle dark matter have not worked well, so there is no standard dark matter particle. How can it be said that particle dark matter doesn't explain the observations you list at 5:30, when there is no accepted dark matter particle? You can say the the dark matter particle candidates you listed cannot explain the observations, but what if dark matter is a particle type that had not been discovered, or seriously considered?

[@TNM001]

well, because you have a model, and you look at ever higher energies...and have theories what you would find there based on what you still need to make a predictive model. thing is, in the past decades we have looked and found particles, but nothing that explains dark matter. there isn't much left we think we need, so it is becoming ever unliklier a dark matter particle just shows up out of nowhere. of course that doesn't negate it, but why go with a theory that has become more unlikely instead of something that is more likely.

[@mickkay1889]

That’s an intriguing suggestion to combine both theories into one. I am curious now how this will play out. Thank you for this vid!

[@eddievangundy4510]

Phase transition. Interesting. Smart lady.

[@skyteus]

Also I want that shirt.

[@TheMyopie]

Das ist so unglaublich gut und klar erklärt. Vielen Dank!

[@flin4557]

This is a very interesting take.

[@humbertochavez6572]

the format of this presentation was VERY insightful for my lil brain- ThAnK YoU!

[@duggydo]

"We just have the wrong people working on them." - Sabine Hossenfelder "I agree with you" - Eric Weinstein 😮

[@TheHonestPeanut]

Isn't he a whackado economist?

[@emmanuelweinman9673]

“it’s not either or, it’s both” is a timeless phrase of wisdom. I’ve always lived by this truth.

[@Eleusis]

Me too. I kind of think of it as the opposite pole to Arkhams razor

[@ajbulich]

@@Eleusis Occam's razor*

[@Eleusis]

@@ajbulich thanks I kinda wanted to double check the name but I took the gamble xD

[@StarryGordon]

@@Eleusis-- Not really. What Mr. Occam said was that one should not multiply entities (causes, parameters, axioms, etc.) without necessity. If you _need_ two different explanatory systems for some set of phenomena, then you employ them -- for example, relativistic physics and quantum mechanics. At some later time, someone may think of a way to unify them. That's the way science is anyway; it's always not quite perfect, there's more to be done.

[@UweKlosa]

Cool shirt and excellent video

[@pillsareyummy]

Great video.

[@JordanWorkshop]

It's so great to see someone look outside of their specialty for answers. True honest inquiry at its best!

[@user-ti9hl5uo1p]

Best teacher on this subject. Thank you for discerning clarity Professor Hossenfelder.

[@thekinginyellow1744]

Until General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are completely reconciled I would argue that both dark matter and dark energy are red herrings. If there still discrepancies after there is a relatively (pun intended) workable Theory of Everything, then we can worry. Of course the discrepancies that exist now are perhaps the keys to completing a workable Theory of Everything.

[@chongkim-fh4zp]

Sabine, I always watch your videos with great interest. ❤