The physics anomaly no one talks about: What's up with those neutrinos?

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Hi Everybody 🙂🙂🙂 I can't be online on Saturday when this video goes live, but I'll check in later in the evening to reply to comments. Watch out for our second video today at 6pm!

[@tomcan48]

*Bingo, the basis of Muon communications.... on the right track.*

[@nictron99]

Happy birthday indeed!

[@stefaniasmanio5857]

Thank you so much! Happy birthday! 🥂❤️🥳

[@hiwayshoes]

Happy Birthday, Sabine 🎉 … you are, indeed, proof positive that Virgos can become theoretical physicists … Cheers!

[@aaronmicalowe]

Theory - right handed neutrinos as just neutrinos moving backwards in time.

[@tenminuteretreat807]

Sabine, please keep making these videos about what's NOT KNOWN in physics. It's these types of things that can really drive a person to want to study the field. I also appreciate you talking about situations where physics may be on the wrong track. Physics shouldn't be about jumping on the bandwagon of what's popular.

[@jackwilson5542]

Yeah, that's problem with current physics. Many things get swept under the rug with poor reason behind it, as they don't support existing theories. For every experiment tha "proves Einstein right", there is 10 that fail to do so and fade into obscurity.

[@Godakuri]

@@jackwilson5542 Can you give examples???? Because I'm under the belief atm that what you just said about Einstein is bullsh*t

[@jackwilson5542]

@@Godakuri I am not going to post 60 links here. The fact that there are only 3 experimental "proofs" of time dilation should speak for itself.

[@blazegg8209]

@@jackwilson5542 GPS? :D

[@jackwilson5542]

@@blazegg8209 Atomic clocks will behave differently in 0 G. So would a sand clock, which doesn't mean that time stops in space.

[@domainofscience]

Neutrinos are what got me into physics when I was 18 years old, and the more I learn about them the more fascinating they become!

[@sumdumbmick]

it helps that nobody actually knows fucking anything at all about them. generally mysteries are more fascinating than well understood things.

[@sicfxmusic]

So neutrinos heavily interact with human emotions 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♀️

[@timothytendick1550]

@@sicfxmusic neutralinos too but less heavily so

[@cassandrabritannia7852]

Another video about anomalies between the observational data and the Standard model. Good, except there are no solutions. I have a preon model, that explains key aspects of nuclear physics, and the neutrino oscillation. In fact, it explains the neutrino oscillation and restores them to being massless.

[@PaulMarostica]

@@cassandrabritannia7852 According to relativity theory, neutrinos should be massless, since they are always observed moving with the speed of light. How can I learn about your preon model?

[@jefbryant3340]

I remember reading about neutrinos 40 years ago. They had just built neutrino detectors and had calculated the predicted number of events from solar neutrinos. The estimates were off by 1/3. They had not hypothesized the neutrino mixing at that time.

[@Mathemagical55]

And instead of immediately focusing on this groundbreaking discovery the experimenters John Bahcall and Ray Davis were somewhat under a cloud for the next thirty years with a general suspicion that they'd messed up in some way. Bahcall was then completely snubbed when Davis was awarded the Nobel prize.

[@harrymills2770]

Translation: They slap a patch on their bad theories and expect a pat on the head.

[@MrMctastics]

@@harrymills2770Unknown new physics => bad theory 🤤🤤🤤

[@slowercuber7767]

"glaciers move faster than particle physics" -- love that turn of phrase, and wonderful video. Thank you.

[@vast634]

But one day a huge Iceberg (new theory) will break off.

[@slowercuber7767]

@@vast634 Always dangerous to extend metaphors too far ... can have titanic consequences.

[@vast634]

@@slowercuber7767 Big sudden breakthroughs happened in the past in physics. That can happen again, even if the field looks stale now.

[@slowercuber7767]

@@vast634 no doubt.

[@Alexagrigorieff]

Glaciers moving faster terrifies me.

[@jonathancamp7190]

Everybody, please join me in wishing Sabine Hossenfelder a Happy Birthday! ❤ 🎉🎊🎶 Happy Birthday, Sabine. 🎶🎊🎉 ❤

[@johneonas6628]

Happy Birthday Sabine.

[@AICoffeeBreak]

Happy Birthday!!! 🎉

[@r2c3]

Happy Birthday 💯 to our lovely youtube teacher 🥳

[@alcosmic]

Alles Gute zum Geburtstag

[@CAThompson]

Alles Gute zum Geburtstag viel Spaß, Sabine!

[@jcomm120]

Thanks so much for making current science topics accessible to those who don’t have Phd’s! Your confidence in the public's abilities is truly heartwarming♡

[@bobfish7699]

Happy birthday Sabine.

[@Mormielo]

Happy birthday! :D

[@adamkozielski7358]

Best wishes you're the coolest Sabine I know!

[@moguhoki]

Happy happy birthday 😎🎉

[@MCsCreations]

Happy birthday!!! 😃

[@Bassotronics]

Happy Sabine Day!

[@SolveEtCoagula93]

This is my favourite physics channel by far. You're accent, the material you cover, the way you present things - everything just gets me going! It was these type of mysteries that got me into physics over 50 years ago but, sadly, I found my colleagues rarely shared my excitment. Instead it was all about getting the right stuff published and climbing the ladder of notability. Thanks for getting the blood pumping again Sabine!

[@frapell]

Your

[@SolveEtCoagula93]

@@frapell Strewth!

[@SolveEtCoagula93]

@Bobb Grimley Yes, thank you for the grammatical lesson Bobb - much appreciated. To be honest I was aware of the function of the apostrophe, although that is neither here, nor there. Why do you think I 'chose' to use such? Have you never typed a grammatical error without realising it? What I am amazed at is that anyone should bother picking it up as an issue. Astonishing! I admit that I come from the school of thought which suggests that language is for communication and that providing the meaning of that communication has been achieved, the task was successful. Since I have every reason to believe that Sabine understood the essence of what I wanted to express, I am satified that the communication was a success. Ergo, who the hell cares?

[@TheTurbineEngineer]

@@frapell Your.

[@frapell]

@@SolveEtCoagula93 Bahahaha... I just read your reply... chapeau good sir :) PS: your forgiven of you're mistake :P

[@informationinformation647]

Thank you Sabine! I love when you go into this level of detail or more.

[@kartikjoshi1035]

Happy birthday, Sabine, As a graduate student in theoretical physics, I find your videos are clear and precise,

[@TiagoMorbusSa]

Sabine's actual science is always great to hear about, but her animations and graphics are hilarious. Chef's kiss!!!

[@FredPlanatia]

I especially liked the oscillating Professor Higgs.

[@blinkingmanchannel]

I'm finally getting around to neutrinos, as I go from knowing who Newton was, to reading about, well, I got here trying to get an "overview" of electrons! Anyway I'd love more depth on neutrinos. You piqued my interest when you noted that these only interact with the weak force. I have been trying to understand why the weak force is kind of a footnote... The strong force is uniquely backwards (?!?) ...and... everything else we can detect supports ...a linear equation so general that we just use the peaks to say "there's a particle"...?!?! I'm not being negative. I'm being curious as a kid at Christmas! Please feel invited to delve into the weird stuff as much as you like!!! Neutrinos seem likely to be much weirder than they appear, given you can only see 500 in a 15 year period. And why can't we get more designs for experiments than just watching for bright spots in various contexts?!?! (What would we try, if technology was not so primitive?) And why was Bohr so willing to ignore causality in the dual slit oddity? I wish I was smart enough to engage these questions, but I can at least see that we have layers and layers of inference stacked up. ...If we can find clumps of just neutrons and protons in the wild (no electrons, as I understood it) shouldn't we try to get good at stripping off and boxing up electrons one-at-a-time? ❤❤❤ Keep going!

[@SatyaVenugopal]

Happy birthday, Sabine! :D It blows my mind that there could be neutrinos without associated leptons, so thank you for this video! Also, always nice to see your sense of humour "...glaciers now move faster than particle physics" XD

[@joefish6091]

left over from the big-bang soup at the beginning.

[@markfergerson2145]

@@joefish6091 I can't wait until we build a Cosmic Neutrino Background detector.

[@johnlary8792]

Happy Birthday Sabine. You are the most interesting physics presenter on KZbin. Everybody else tries to explain what is right with physics. You, Sweet Sabine, try to explain what is wrong with physics.

[@roberthcampbelljr3517]

I really enjoy many of Sabine's videos. Very informative; it's great to have critical thinkers for these complex issues. She can be a great "debunker" as well. She seems very objective and unafraid to step on anyone's "toes".

[@itsmootdamnitnotmute905]

I really enjoy your videos. Your choice of content and presentation of it are "sticky". Being seriously attention-deficit heavy ADHD (clinically diagnosed at 54), I'm like a dog chasing squirrels all day in an open field while on KZbin - I've only got 1 set of jaws and there are just too many to catch and chew properly before dropping it for the next. Watching your stuff is like taking a detour through heavy underbrush. I come away from it without a squirrel in my jaws and instead covered in burrs. I COULD still run around the field but if I don't sit down and tease them out of my fur right away, they're going to become more and more irritating until I do. It's a weird-ass analogy, but apt. and the best I could put together without coming off as a gushing sapiophile. Happy Birthday Sabine :-)

[@Solenya1111]

How were you diagnosed with ADHD? Did you have (undiagnosed) ADHD your whole life, or did it come later or over time? Sorry to be so direct. I am not sure of how to have adhd diagnosed (or ruled out) in myself. Thanks.

[@itsmootdamnitnotmute905]

@Clay Carter No worries. Better to know than not. I've been asked this before so I've cut and pasted much of the answer I gave then. It's really long, but it's a big question. I apologize for the length, but it's pretty comprehensive. Hopefully it'll be helpful for you. I live in Canada and am fortunate to have access to an excellent universal health care system. I also come from a generation that did, and to a large extent still does, heavily stigmatize ADHD. Despite it being the oldest and most described disorder in the literature, I, like many, believed it was just a bullshit diagnosis pasted on kids that the system was unable to deal with. I was especially irked when my daughter got pegged with it. The thing is, she's frighteningly brilliant. But she knew at 8 years old that she had something "wrong" with her that was causing her difficulties outside of the norm in school. She tried to tell us. We didn't believe her. No parent wants to believe that their precious child isn't "perfect". When she was 14, she started cutting herself. Alarmed, we took her in and she was assessed with clinical depression and ADHD. They started her on Dexidrine and fluoexitine (Prozac). 20 now, she thankfully is off of the latter and only sporadically takes the former as needed. My own diagnosis came about in the middle of my life exploding. I'd had a pulmonary aneurism (coughing up blood) that was tied to my high stress but highly successful career path. It landed me in hospital for 11 days and fuckin' near killed me. I decided to dial it back and do much less mentally/physically demanding, but equally lucrative work that I thought should have been a cakewalk. Flash forward 3 years. We were losing our home because I had just lost my third "cakewalk" job in a row. What I'd failed to understand was that they all required a high degree of organization to be successful. If you are ADHD, you'll understand that inability in this area is a hallmark of the disorder. I thought instead that I was suffering cognitive decline. I went to see my Dr. who is 20 years my junior and a Namibian ex-pat with no bias either way regarding ADHD. He asked me about those jobs I was most successful at and the ones I had just been fired from. He immediately drilled in on the fact that the ones I had thrived in were extremely mentally stimulating and required a quick climb up a steep learning curve with sharply creative climbing axe as opposed to the latter which paid more but were routine and required organization. He gave me a questionnaire. There were 9 questions on it. I was heavily biased in one direction on 7 of them. After looking at it, and knowing my attitude towards the disorder, he said "Your daughter was just diagnosed with ADHD. Where in the fuck do you think she got that from?" He then informed me that it's about 75 to 80% inheritable and told me to go home and research the disorder thoroughly. After I was done that I was to try one of my daughter's Dexedrine. He told me that it would either work immediately to organize my thoughts and wrap my head around my current situation, or I would just feel a little more energetic. Either way, I'd know. I did exactly as directed. When the Dexi kicked in I got that thousand mile stare you get only when you understand what ADHD looks like in adults and realize that it explains your entire life to that moment. The meds typically used to treat the disorder are incredibly effective. They're also typically amphetamines. Dexedrine is in the same family as Methedrine (Meth) and Benzedrine (Benny's) . This make them more controlled than plutonium. I shit you not. But I can understand it. If you're truly ADHD, you don't like them and will figure out work arounds to minimize having to take them at all. But if you're misdiagnosed, they can (apparently) be problematically and potentially (heart-stoppingly) psychologically addictive. While my GP initially diagnosed me with the disorder, I was still required to do 3 sessions across 3 months with a Psychiatrist to determine that he was correct. Unlike Psychologists, they're specialist MDs capable of assessing med regimes. There's a really good channel on KZbin called "How to ADHD" Jessica, the creator, is amazing. There's a big community and a shit-ton of really good info there for you to follow up with. Again, I hope this was helpful. Good luck.

[@Solenya1111]

@@itsmootdamnitnotmute905 Thank you so much!

[@peskyfervid6515]

"As you can tell, by then the trend of cooking up funky acronyms had taken hold in physics" Ah Sabine, now you've made me spray my coffee all over the place! Oh, and Happy Birthday!

[@leonardromano1491]

I felt personally attacked by this, because I am trying to do just that at the moment for the title of my thesis xD

[@edhodapp6465]

Umm… I left physics because I am lazy and started writing software to make a living. You have no idea about the depths wit can descend until you’ve dealt with software and the folks who write it. Ugh.

[@MeanChefNe]

You mean you SMCAOTP,,

[@blackriver2531]

Acronyms are extremely useful for various reasons. 👍

[@retrocodequest]

Acronyms are jargon designed to exclude people and create an inside group. It's social gatekeeping. Only fools who would rather defend their own ego than foster curiosity cling to them and that definitely includes theoretical physicists. These concepts aren't actually as hard as people think they are, they are just obscured.

[@bobroberts7643]

Thanks!

[@oregondude9411]

Just started reading your book "Lost In Math". Love it so far. I like your dry "academic" sense of humor and wit in the book. Thanks for everything!

[@alexgagnon379]

It really has to come from the heart for me to take time commenting about this: I love this channel so much ❤It's as unbiased as can be, truthful and integrated. Gotta love these little puns as well 😂. I want this channel to never end 😏🙏

[@erolbakkalbasi9038]

The single best physics, or maybe even science channel, on KZbin. Thank you for not talking down to us.

[@AICoffeeBreak]

Thanks! Your videos are always so interesting, unbelievable! 🎉And Happy Birthday, Sabine! 🎉

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Thank you! 😊

[@mattkerle81]

This sort of video is exactly why I keep coming back! The sort of videos that are contrarian and take a different view to the mainstream. Please keep it up!

[@tycarne7850]

So, the accuracy and content of the videos isn't important, just that they're contrarian? What a weird way to think. Also, science is not monolithic, and whilst there may be a prevailing consensus on a particular subject, having a different opinion to that is not contrarian, but rather an important part of how 'mainstream' science works. Sabine is very much part of that 'mainstream'.

[@DrDeuteron]

this isn't contrarian at all. The people who go into neutrinos have foresworn a Eureka moment, and it takes a long time to do almost anything.

[@nihil_._sum]

science have no feelings at all, it doesnt care if the idea is mainstream or contrarian to another one, only matters the rigurosity of the investigation.

[@memsat2001]

Love your clarity on this massively complex(to me!!!) subject. Thank you so much!

[@harrymills2770]

The more complex the theory, the less likely it describes reality. Basic William of Occam talking.

[@MrZooBreak]

Sabine, you are the highlight of my KZbin experience! Always enough to whet my curiosity, yet never so much as to overwhelm! Thank you, again and again!

[@MrAlanCristhian]

I like to see more things that don't drive so much attention. Happy Birthday Sabine! 🙌🙌🙌

[@rangjungyeshe]

Hv been following your career for years, esp. your battles with the M-theory Mafia (that's what the "M" actually stands for of course ;-) ). So glad you're now getting a big audience for your ability and willingness to cut through the hype. Your combination of being both the "real deal" and independent makes you a great "whistleblower". Good luck ! (BTW, the ads on your channel are really good too).

[@MCsCreations]

Pretty interesting indeed! Looking forward to know more about this! 😃 Thanks a lot, Sabine! And happy birthday!!! Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

[@MedlifeCrisis]

Aha so this is what you were referring to!

[@thatsinteresting7041]

Omg it's Kyle X treem!

[@dblaze23]

Why are you on every KZbin channel

[@dblaze23]

@@kensho123456 no, I mean every video I watch, there is already a comment by this medlife crisis guy

[@johnlshilling1446]

I've wandered away from your channel for a while. No excuses or reasons. Just pure neglect. (ADHD doesn't help) But! But! But! (always a but or two) I'm so happy to see you again! 💓 I literally have zero friends that are interested in physics, so I've adopted you, unofficially and without your knowledge (or permission) You are one of the few (so few that I can't name any others, LOL!) that address problems, or the many inconsistencies within your community, and do it in a way that a layman can understand. A tough life/sad story (boo-hoo) has left me without the formal education needed to understand physics, math, and cosmology.., even though I possessed the aptitude. I was a Mensa invitee in 1980.., but my mental athleticism has slowly deteriorated over the years, and I'm in no position to argue the things I notice --- that don't add up --- So, listening to you brings back the awe and the "Lofty" (LOL!) feeling that comes from thinking that I'm perceiving a little of the truly Magical. --- "Thanks" --- just doesn't quite say it. But thanks, just the same!

[@steelandglass]

Thank you Sabine, so we’ll thought out and executed. My mind expands every time I hear you explain. 👍🏻

[@doogleticker5183]

I have nothing but respect for your lucid and fascinating videos. May you live long and please keep up your impeccable work. With love from a secret admirer in France.

[@antoniomonteiro1203]

You are getting better and better on each video! Much more relaxed than before, communicating better, with a lot of (german) humour, even smiling... :P Congratulations and a happy birthday!

[@sheevys]

3:30 For anyone wondering, 2015 from the slide is correct. 2011 was a slip of tongue.

[@sammavitae114]

I thought it was another sinister neutrino effect .

[@friendlyone2706]

@@sammavitae114 It was -- that is why she so seldom misspeaks. Neutrino effects are rare.

[@jamescodling8641]

You're an absolute gem. So glad I've discovered your channel. Excellent work 👍

[@lorenzooopoza]

Can't get enough of your videos! Always great, informative and well made.

[@dskinner6263]

You present this information so clearly and succinctly, and communicate well the feeling that you care about the subject, in a way that generates interest. 👍

[@RummyLPs]

when I was in school I had to write a report about neutrinos. They are what got me really interested in physics and they are still my favorite area of physics. The Physics behind them really fascinates them.

[@FrederickStadler]

Very enlightening Sabine! Some physics hardly ever get mentioned...

[@KennyT187]

3:52 A small correction: as far as I know, elementary particles don't get their masses by coupling to the Higgs boson. They get their masses by coupling to the Higgs field by exchanging the weak hyper charge. Higgs boson is the excitation of the Higgs field but it does not give the mass.

[@leaguerino8512]

This is what i thought too.

[@123danif]

yes exactly

[@mushroomxxxzzz]

even if it's true ,doesn't make any difference with the current methodology of science, we are hiding from the fact that no one really knows

[@ericlipps9459]

Minor quibble: the name is Higgs, not Higg. So it would be the Higgs boson and Higgs field, no apostrophe.

[@KennyT187]

@@ericlipps9459 Haha true, I must've been drunk while writing that! :D Ofcourse, I know it was named after Peter *Higgs*. Edited.

[@jlpsinde]

Happy Birthday! Amazing video and love your humor.

[@PropellerSteve]

Happy Birthday, Sabine.

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Thanks!

[@wayne29rl]

@Sabine ... this is also a strongly motivating topic, since oscillations are quite mathematically fundamental to Band (=string w Stiffness) Theory. Happy Holidays!!

[@KpxUrz5745]

"Don't worry about the math. Really, it's just linear algebra and complex numbers, unitary matrices and eigenvectors."

[@jjeherrera]

That's what I usually tell my students about quantum mechanics. Its interpretation is the difficult part.

[@JM-us3fr]

That actually doesn’t sound too bad.

[@CAThompson]

Just math things

[@meleardil]

@@JM-us3fr No... it is not bad at the start, so you can have the illusion of elegant simplicity... and than you got your 4 dimensional complex quadratic integra-differential equations, and it all spirals to hell. Yet that is only the quantum electrodynamics. Quantum chromo dynamics is the staff of nighmares and pure madness. As for string theory, you shall not try it without a huge supply of psychedelics.

[@rysacroft]

Meanwhile I've almost forgotten to do long multiplication :(

[@billferner6741]

The statement about physics in the beginning reminded me when I was working on certifying nuklear power plants (in Germany). Usually we have experimental and theoretical physics. But back then we had to deal with a detrimental physics, which postulated very very unlikely events. Maybe that lack of reports is also a matter of determined physics?

[@cercatrova9469]

Really like this calm, no nonsense, no distraction presentation style!

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.

[@steveferguson8047]

Thank you for keeping this content within my grasp. Well done.

[@ulugbeksaipov917]

Very interesting lecture. Liked. Subscribed. Thanks a million.

[@danoconnor3720]

"Glaciers move faster than particle physics". I like her sense of humor.

[@DjordjeRomanic]

I enjoy listening to your explanations of physics phenomena.

[@markboelte1415]

I don't have the math skills to truly understand quantum physics, but it fascinates me. Your explanation was concise, precise, and clear. Thank you. This is only the second channel I have subscribed to, this was that good.

[@lenorejohnson5428]

Happy Birthday, Sabine! ✨🎉🎊✨

[@dranthonyv5475]

Thank you for reminding us that it’s often the small quiet anomalies where breakthroughs are born. Also thank you for mentioning Majorana. He remains as mysterious as the neutrinos he studied. It would be fascinating to hear your thoughts on Ettore Majorana during that amazing and dangerous revolution in physics that changed our world. The Italian government closed the case of his disappearance based on a claim he was last seen in Venezuela. But the report never mentioned his eyes or explained how a son of Catania, Sicily could have the Roman accent of the person described. And most importantly… buon compleanno bellissima professoressa !

[@moegreen3870]

i found your comment intriguing. Majorana always been on my list of subjects to study more closely when time is more plentiful :p was there something peculiar about his eyes?

[@isazisempi3896]

I think you're becoming my favorite physicist. At least physics lecturer. Little things like adding for all we know after saying neutrinos aren't made of anything. I hate bullish scientist who say everything as if it's a certainty and when we find out they're wrong about something's as we come to find they're never their to say "I was wrong".

[@bjharvey3021]

This video is great. Sabine, I promise to come back to your channel if you make more videos like this one; More Physics anomalies please. Suggestion: perhaps look at the implications of Halton Arp's research. The implications of quantised red-shift being intrinsic. Perhaps you could tell us what you think.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Happy birthday, Sabine! I hope the day has brought you everything you need, and at least some of what you want! Oh, and I've always been interested in neutrinos! Bring on the neutrino news!

[@DEvilParsnip]

Love the content, keep it up Sabine ❤️

[@v8pilot]

A thing I found amazing is that something like 10% of the energy from a nuclear reactor is carried away by the neutrinos it radiates.

[@jeremycraft8452]

Then you will love knowing that 99% of the energy of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos it radiates.

[@QuanrumPresence]

@@jeremycraft8452 If that is true , it blows my mind. That is after causing fusion of huge particles..

[@christophorfaust2457]

Ha ha, more like 2%, but nice try

[@ekaterinas.1330]

something like

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

@@ekaterinas.1330 THE Ekaterina S?

[@weylguy]

I love how Sabine "mixes" her pronunciation of "sigma" with the more German "zigma."

[@fastend]

Maybe no german z zis time, rather latin pronounciation. But you are still right, in a way, for so many other examples. There is much to find in her speech but this also makes her special. Appreciate your sense for this detail.

[@ornessarhithfaeron3576]

And the English ligma

[@moranplano]

It happens when her S neutrinos get mixed with her Z leptons...Apparently, this mixing can only be done in a Sabine Collider...."Eat your heart out Hadron, you got beat out by a 'girly' collider!"....Hans

[@Alexagrigorieff]

That's just oscillations.

[@jerbiebarb]

Also, the way she pronounces Nobel might be more correct than I usually hear it. Great videos!

[@nicholasbeck1558]

Thank you for your patient explanations.

[@madmike2881]

I was sitting here listening to your discussion and I kept thinking that this really sounds like a candidate for Dark Matter and I was going to ask you about this, then at 10:12 you mentioned it 😮. I am sure others, like myself, would love any follow up you could provide in this connection. Great video!

[@annwood6812]

There are lots of reasons to like neutrinos. I don't think I've ever heard those exact words put together in that exact sentence. Love it!

[@Exotic3000]

Happy belated birthday Sabine. Please continue your great work. I do not really understand everything. but it is fun to try! :)

[@DrDeuteron]

This is depressing. The students I knew from LSND basically made a discovery that disrupts the Standard Model, knocking on a Nobel Prize, yet none of them could get decent jobs.

[@SabineHossenfelder]

I hadn't realized that. That's terrible.

[@chrissinclair4442]

Unfortunately, often it isn't what you know...

[@erik-ic3tp]

Wth why?

[@tissuepaper9962]

Fuck, it's been like 25 years hasn't it? Wonder how those students feel now that they're going on 50.

[@nigeltooby7681]

In the beginning there was the Inquisition and nothing was allowed to disrupt the existing world view....

[@robertgoss4842]

Another one of your splendid videos. To me, something like a mysterious neutrino is exactly what modern physics is all about. Thank you for your consistently high quality programs, paired with your first-rate presentation skills. And happy birthday!

[@Chris.Davies]

A title without a closed question! Well done, Sabine! No downvote for you this time.

[@BojanBojovic]

Sabine's sense of humor is so subtle, but brilliant. :)

[@johnjamesbaldridge867]

"But there are lots of reasons to _like_ neutrinos." Of course there are!

[@BojanBojovic]

@@johnjamesbaldridge867 "Maybe people do not like neutrinos?" 😉👍

[@NevilleSmith61]

"So far ... so boring"

[@RadicalCaveman]

She has a finely-honed sense of irony.

[@MrAlRats]

A picture of Peter Higgs moving side to side, used to indicate Higgs coupling between the left and right-handed versions of a fundamental particle - that is the definition of subtle, but brilliant.

[@furrybear7853]

Wow you delivered that well for a novice like me, thanks👏

[@dadsmiscellany]

After one minute, I didn't have a clue what was being discussed, however it seemed profound and I stayed till the end, nodding my head in agreement! The ebb and flow of Sabine's calm voice kept me fascinated and ignorant at the same time! I need to subscribe to brilliant! 😂 Neutrinos and Leptons are the new Kardashians!

[@victotronics]

"neutrinos have mass? I didn't even know they were catholic!" (old joke)

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Oldie but goldie!

[@Bassotronics]

Everything has Mass ; that’s why God created everything. The universe is Catholic

[@victotronics]

@@SabineHossenfelder I think I heard that joke from some core-collapse-supernova friends. Their field of science suddenly got a lot more interesting ?20? years ago.

[@jonathancamp7190]

A Higgs Boson walks into a church. The preacher says, Bosons aren’t welcome here. The Higgs replies, but you can’t have mass without me.

[@Bassotronics]

@@jonathancamp7190 🤣😂

[@picksalot1]

I like Neutrinos! They seem to have the properties I associate with space as a material - abundance, weakly interacting, fundamental particle, etc. Happy Birthday Sabine! 🎉

[@moegreen3870]

yep exactly! neutrinos must be "spacetime dust"! when the fabric of spacetime gets twisted and tussled about too much by all the black holes and stars and other naughty bits, eventually all the ruckus exceeds even the manufacturers rather bountiful warranty, and tiny chunks of the fabric break off and float away! just like when you thrash a throw rug about and all the dust goes flying this way and that! no i KEED i KEED, i dunno whats going on with them thar neutrinos :p

[@meow._______.1239]

I loved your video and also your subtle sense of humour is amazing!

[@srobertweiser]

When me and my friends used to do the LS'nD experiments back in the early 90s we would see neutrinos pass through each other all the time. And when all three flavors mixed together they tasted like chicken.

[@srobertweiser]

@Fck KZbin I'm dead serious, they did taste like chicken.

[@ThomaYeo]

Happy birthday Sabine!

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Thanks 😊!

[@mathedguy]

Thanks Sabine, so nice to see you.

[@happyhome41]

Definitely want to keep in tune with this topic. Fascinating !

[@hwd7]

I loved your colab with MedLifeCrises.

[@Thomas-gk42]

Thanks to pick up actual development in research 😊

[@YUKIKUNish]

Happy birthday to my favorite lady in the scientific field. I cannot wait for your next song. Keep on teaching and singing 😘😘

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Thank you!

[@armoryindustrial7884]

The fact that we can't mathematically explain physics in our universe on any scale without using imaginary numbers is truly mind blowing.

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

That's just a fault in our mathematics growing originally from gross observations of material things. The fundamentals of numbers, and mathematics, that had to eventually conceptualize and include negative numbers on a number line from the analogy of adding/subtracting objects (you can't actually have a negative 'thing' to add to other things) throws a spanner in the works; 'complex numbers' was then just a workaround to deal with the conundrum of the algebra of squares and roots (or more precisely, odd and even squares and roots). Not really 'mind blowing', just perpendicular to the two dimensional earlier observations and the methods constructed to pertain them.

[@ethanrowlette9912]

The video you made here is my first time watching your content and I will say you presented very interesting information in a well formatted and detailed way that I understood and enjoyed learning about, but please if I can make a suggestion incorporate some ambient background music. It really helps out the ADHD folkes to have a little background music in your videos to keep us immersed in your content.

[@johndavis6119]

I recall hearing about nutrinos in the late 90s on the sci-fi serried Star Trek DS9. There was an episode when one of the characters was telling the space station’s doctor and the chief engineer he was getting married in the spring (spring in a space station?) and the chief engineer says “Ahhh the springtime. When the nutrinos are in bloom.” I’m glad real science is making advances in the discovery of real nutrinos.

[@ulrikof.2486]

But they didn't discover them after getting hints from Star Trek, it was the other way round 😁

[@chalkchalkson5639]

I remember learning about neutrino oscillations and masses in an astro-particle physics lecture. I find them very frustrating. Partially because of their low masses, how come the other massive particles span out nicely from MeV to GeV and neutrinos are so much lighter? Since they interact weakly and our perturbative methods work so well on the rest of electro-weak physics, why are they so uniquely frustrating? And why would the sterile neutrinos be so much heavier? Speaking of stuff we would have loved to see in the LHC, is there any chance we could hear your take on whether SuSy is dead?

[@stupidas9466]

"And why…sterile…heavier?" You may have answered your own question earlier in your own comment without knowing it. Should be good for a few grants, published papers, and a few years of interesting work. PS Don't forget me come Nobel time!

[@mitchgunzler3737]

I think she has said SUSY is too beautiful for physicists to admit it appears to be a mirage.

[@denysvlasenko1865]

> And why would the sterile neutrinos be so much heavier? Because right-handed neutrino, unlike all other SM fermions, has no charges of any kind (no U(1), no SU(2), no SU(3) charge), and this allows an additional term in Lagrangian, the "Majorana mass term". For e.g. electrons, such term is prohibited by charge conservation.

[@chalkchalkson5639]

@@denysvlasenko1865 Sure, but I just find it a bit frustrating when parameters just keep adding up without anything explaining how they are related. Like the majorana mass term could be 0, could be of the same order of neutrino masses, or could be much larger... So no real explanation was gained from the theory, it was just fitted. (that is if heavy a sterile neutrino would be observed)

[@denysvlasenko1865]

@@chalkchalkson5639 Well then, you can also be frustrated by existing nine free parameters for masses of nine charged fermions. Many people are. Waiting for someone to have an eureka moment on that front...

[@buck4490]

I really enjoy you perspective and teaching.

[@rickmarshall1772]

New subscriber here and this is a fantastic video! My path in physics/astronomy was first laid by a little illustrated pamphlet on the ghostly, little neutral one that I got at my library when I was in the 7th grade in 1980. I can't remember its name, and I've never found that little book again. :(

[@fermansmith6042]

WOW bro' your numbers tell me , you ain't much younger than me! When I was in the 7th grade had no such exposure to science. But your experience, illustrates how wonderfully a well written book can inspire and motivate you and that really what "TRUE LEARNING" is all about.

[@pauldzim]

Wow, I was thinking, kind of as a joke, "Could this be the explanation for dark matter?", and then at the end, Sabine said it could be! I must be a genius.

[@craigwall9536]

More likely a sucker. There is no "dark matter" just as there was no "luminiferous ether"...

[@armandos.rodriguez6608]

The more I seem to understand the more I seem to not know,but I am Amazed by your ability to bring it such clarity,please keep it going.You need to invite us to your dojo master physist !!!!!!!!!!

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

To qualify as "sterile", does a neutrino have to have truly no corresponding lepton, or just one massive enough that we haven't been able to make it yet? And here are my thoughts on how to determine whether neutrinos Majorana particles (can be converted to and from antineutrinos) by way of reversing their handedness, assuming that our own technology will not soon become sufficient to accelerate beta-unstable nuclei to sufficiently high velocity to overcome the slightly sub-light speed of the emitted neutrinos or antineutrinos -- let a black hole turn the neutrinos around: If neutrinos are Majorana particles, it should be possible to detect this with a neutrino detector having a high enough resolution to resolve the accretion disk of a black hole (like what the Event Horizon radio telescope did for the M87 black hole and may soon do for our own Sagittarius A* black hole in radio waves), and the ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos. Then select a black hole that has an accretion disk hot enough to run the proton-proton chain series fusion reactions (which make neutrinos of known energy ranges) at a useful rate, but not so hot as to generate appreciable quantities of free neutrons (which decay to make antineutrinos), and whose accretion disk is not too far off from being edge-on relative to us, so that one side is moving towards us (blue-shifting the neutrinos) and the other side is moving away (red-shifting them) (note: the black hole's gravity will superimpose a red shift on all of them). (Looks like our own Sagittarius A* may qualify for this as well; the M87 black hole is so massive that the inner accretion disk may fall into the event horizon before it gets hot enough for proton-proton chain fusion to run at a useful rate.) If neutrinos can be converted into antineutrinos by reversing their handedness, the black hole's gravity should do the job on any neutrinos that were emitted away from us and then had their paths bent around the black hole to get to us. Then you get 4 classes of neutrinos and antineutrinos: 1. Neutrinos that were emitted from the approaching side of the disk going towards us (in the direction of disk rotation) will appear on the approaching side as blue-shifted neutrinos. 2. Neutrinos that were emitted from the receding side of the disk going away from us (in the direction of disk rotation) would be turned into blue-shifted antineutrinos appearing to come from the approaching side of the disk. 3. Neutrinos that were emitted from the approaching side of the disk going away from us (against the direction of disk rotation) will be turned into red-shifted antineutrinos appearing to come from the receding side of the disk, but will be forbidden by the black hole's ergosphere (from the black hole's spin causing frame-dragging) from appearing to come from the inner parts of the disk, and so will only be visible from parts of the disk that are further away from the black hole. 4. Neutrinos that were emitted from the receding side of the disk going towards us (against the direction of disk rotation) will remain as red-shifted neutrinos coming from the receding side of the disk, but the ergosphere won't block all of the ones appearing to come from close to the black hole, because some of them will actually be from parts of the disk that are close to being between us and the black hole, and thus do not have to pass through the ergosphere to get to us. If the Majorana neutrino theory is wrong, and reversing the handedness of neutrinos does NOT turn them into antineutrinos, then the classes of neutrinos converted into antineutrinos above will instead either be converted to neutrinos that are sterile by way of being wrong-handed and thus be undetected, or be detected as (up to now never observed) wrong-handed neutrinos. So the technical challenge boils down to being able to build a detector that can detect and distinguish neutrinos and antineutrinos and measure their handedness, while having sufficient resolution to form an image of the Sagittarius A* accretion disk.

[@perandersson1244]

I am sure it is easier to just continue with the experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay that is performed already today to investigate whether the neutrino is a Majorana particle or not.

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

@@perandersson1244 The attempt to do this is indeed easier, but may suffer from what might be needed to get neutrinoless double beta decay -- if the antineutrinos (double beta) or neutrinos (double EC or double beta+) are never fired off in the correct configuration to annihilate each other (wavefunction is always 0 for at least one of them in any configuration in which they could annihilate before they escape the nucleus, after which they fail to annihilate due to no possibility to produce lower mass products), the experiments may continually produce negative results even if neutrinos actually are Majorana particles, or at least fail to produce positive results at a rate that is statistically possible to distinguish from detection failure (due to emission at extremely low energy or otherwise).

[@denysvlasenko1865]

> a neutrino detector having a high enough resolution to resolve the accretion disk of a black hole ??!!!! Good luck with that...

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

@@denysvlasenko1865 You might be right, but several years ago, who would have thought we could build radio telescopes capable of resolving the accretion disk of a supermassive black hole 53 million light years away? So it's worth a shot to at least ask.

[@denysvlasenko1865]

@@Lucius_Chiaraviglio > several years ago, who would have thought we could build radio telescopes capable of resolving the accretion disk of a supermassive black hole 53 million light years away? Incorrect. It was not at all unexpected. Telescopes weren't newly built.

[@jcortese3300]

I wonder if a sterile neutrino is some kind of intermediate state when a neutrino turns from one flavor into another. I.e., a neutrino can't go straight from one flavor to another but has to lose its flavor first and then gain a new one. Makes me wonder if you could tell whether an electron neutrino for example had lost its electron flavor and then turned into ... another electron neutrino. I mean, I can't think of another way to get one; aren't particular neutrinos created during decays when the corresponding lepton is created, like a decay kicking out a mu and a mu neutrino at the same time? But if that's the case, how would you ever get a "flavorless" neutrino? But then if there is a totally new way for particles to decay from one thing into another, then wouldn't that require a new force that would be behind this decay/mixing transition from one type of neutrino to another?

[@denysvlasenko1865]

The simplest case of sterile neutrino is simply right-chrirality neutrino. All other fermions in SM have left- and right-chiral particles. A fermion with only left-chiral component is allowed too, but it must be massless. Since we know that neutrinos are not massless, existence of right-chiral field component is a natural explanation. (But other, more complex explanations exist too). This component will be "sterile" in the sense that it does not interact via weak force.

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

Something that's bugged me for a while; IF a neutrino has a 'flavour' from the original e.g. 'electron', then when it oscillates to a mu or tau neutrino why doesn't the electron change too? Are they not quantum entangled?

[@AndrewJohnson-oy8oj]

"The higher the Sigma the greater the chance that the derivation from expectations did not occur by random chance" is a clearer, simpler, and more concise definition of Standard Deviation than I received from eight years of education.

[@Argosh]

So fascinating. Could you expand on how those sterile neutrinos can make up dark matter (which we suppose exists because of gravitational anomalies as far as I know) if they don't interact with stuff? Shouldn't we be able to use gravity to interact with them as well?

[@ulenrich]

Sure you would be able to manipulate the path of neutrinos with gravity. If you can provide us with a switch to turn on/off gravity?

[@Argosh]

@@ulenrich I'm thinking about measuring gravity, as in measuring the gravitational effect on something else.

[@ulenrich]

@@Argosh But we cannot reliably detect neutrinos: We need hundreds of cubic meters in antarctica to detect a few during a year, despite we surely know that 10 neutrinos entered your body while you read this.

[@SciHeartJourney]

Thank you Dr Hossenfelder for these videos. I love those huge detectors experiments that have to done deep underground. This is not a scientific idea, but I would like to take make a smaller, lower cost, lower sensitivity detector for use in a museum. The cosmic rays hitting them should create an interesting signal. The signals can be used to drive LEDs to create a real time impression of the cosmic rays that are hitting it. The direction of the cosmic rays can be coded by changing the color of the LEDs. It's something that would make an impression on people about science. I'm curious to see what it would look like myself. 🤔

[@Sembazuru]

For a museum display it might be better to have a neutron detector (like a NM64 detector, or parts of one if only for demonstration) and plot the counts per minute. Or, more impressive would be it have a spark chamber hodoscope to see sparks following the ionized trails of high energy particles passing through the detector like I used on the AESOP payload when I worked for Bartol Research Institute. We did have a demonstrator that we could set up that had a simple coincidence trigger that would get set off by any charged particle top to bottom (or bottom to top, the discriminator didn't care if the top or bottom scintillator fired first). I think the snap of sparks makes for a more impressive museum display than a plot showing counts on an instrument that visually appears inert.

[@Marrss____666]

That's a great idea and there are actually quite some versions of this already in place. It's an example used to talk about cosmic rays very often in classrooms or museums. CERN hav some models to it yourself and they can be as simple os complex and you want.

[@SciHeartJourney]

@@Marrss____666 thank you! I'm going to look for that.

[@Marrss____666]

@@SciHeartJourney let me know in case you cant find anything useful, Im happy to help

[@Daniel-zr9xq]

Bravo Sabine- where were you all this years your lectures are oxygen at the summit of mont blanc.thankyou for your time/sharing

[@randyhelzerman]

Is this still an anomaly?

[@halfdemonantman6949]

Hi. When you get the answer, let me know. Thanks.

[@kelseyharris892]

@@halfdemonantman6949same

[@sergeynovikov9424]

the gallium anomaly discovered in the SAGE and BEST experiments, which began at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in 1989 and continue running to this day, indicates the same thing.

[@jayakrishnankr7501]

Same

[@DrSteveBrady]

You said that neutrinos only interact via the weak force, but if they have mass (even if it is not conferred in the normal way), must they not also interact by gravity?

[@MichaelClark-uw7ex]

If gravity is a force and not a characteristic of space-time.

[@irokosalei5133]

Gravity is not part of the forces of the standard model hence why it's not a problem here.

[@MichaelClark-uw7ex]

@@irokosalei5133 Indeed, gravity is the bending of space-time caused by mass, not a fundamental force.

[@paulwormwood6414]

Totally enjoy your work! You are a breath of fresh air.

[@FuzzyMarineVet]

Thank you, Dr. Hossenfelder, for reminding us of why we should love neutrinos.

[@RobSteel117]

Had I been lucky enough to have a teacher like Sabine Hossenfelder, I would probably be working in some sort of Physics