Deep Dive: Inline 4 vs. V4 vs. Boxer 4 - What's the Difference? Engine Balance Explained in Detail

[@d4a]

Patreon: www.patreon.com/d4a Support d4a: driving-4-answers-shop.fourthwall.com/ Hands on boxer: amzn.to/3EyDyJr All metal hands on: amzn.to/3MgNlFE Back to basics: amzn.to/3yrzI0H Versatile: amzn.to/3OpMSRU

[@MyFabian94]

In Aviation the Aircooled Boxer Engine is the obvious Choice, as cooling Channels in the Cowling are easier to design the fewer Cylinders are in a Row. A Boxer Engine also has: -half the amount of Crank Case, saving weight and space -half the Length of Camshaft, saving weight -3 instead of 5 Main Bearings (or 4 instead of 7 in a 6 cyl.), saving weight and space -Flat Shape reducing Drag -Updraft Carbutators for increased Safety -OHV Valve Drive and Singular Cylinder Heads

[@patelvis4725]

Hey man. In the early part of the primary balance bit, I think you mean 90+90+90+450=720 not 90+450+90+450=720

[@patelvis4725]

It's just the graphic that needs updating

[@fabiotiburzi]

another car with v4 engine is the lancia fulvia but the v was about 12°

[@PabloDeLafuria]

can you make a video about oposed piston engines ?

[@zikarifid8768]

Starting to watch this video 40sec after the uploading... I'm obsessed XD

[@slsamg_5thscale]

The impact of firing interval on bike's grip was new to me and totally makes sense. Wonderfully and eloquently explained, thank you!

[@xyq384]

But it's not undisputed. Michael Doohan used the Big Bang in the NSR500 but then switched back to the screamer with regular ignitiondistance. So it is also a preference of the rider.

[@silentIm]

@@xyq384 also in mcdoohan era the 500 gp bike was truly 'analog' with carburetor. Losing traction in microseconds delivered by big bang order might be impossible to manage even by demigod racer. Where as today gp bikes is also computer on 2 wheel that can manage smoothness for rider.

[@Ceramic_Discs]

@@silentIm the advanced computer is the driver ❤

[@maxcactus7]

Brilliant explanations of each design, D4A! You really have the best automotive engineering & technology channel on KZbin!

[@vw4x4]

Unfortunately most people do not understand very much of what he's talking about.... Ask anyone what secondary forces are in there car engine, and you'll be run out of town, making them look like an idiot. LOL

[@troublehead]

@Throckmorton he honestly does I had to explain how fuel injection works and what each sensor does and I watched his video on them and it made explaining it to non mechanic so much easier.

[@cvp5882]

​@@vw4x4 Unfortunately, most people don't understand what anyone is talking about 😂

[@cvp5882]

​@@vw4x4 It was well explained. But parallel and perpendicular are confusing concepts. The issue comes in with rotation. It's a tertiary force. You can only balance rotation with centered counter rotation. You would need an infinite number of mirrored cylinder banks occupying the same physical space in opposite rotational directions. An engineering obstacle indeed 😂

[@WJR1965]

Wow! Where were you when I was in school?!

[@luhaarunk3085]

I'm not an engineer, have an MBA in HR, possibly no use whatsoever of this video in my professional life. But I care for my vehicles and do as much work as possible on my motorcycle with my own hands (valve clearance adjustments, front fork oil change etc.). I'm glad there are people like you and content like this on YT. Thank you d4a for your time and effort in making these videos. The computerized animations were worth it 👌

[@gregfaris6959]

Just for those who might be wondering, the German Ford Taunus V4 was the same engine used by Saab for all 96 and Sonnet models from 1969 through the end of production. It was a 60° V, and did have a separate crank pin for each connecting rod (though I'm not sure why this would mean it is not a "true" V4). It also used a gear-driven balance shaft for secondary balance.

[@brentboswell1294]

Also the Mustang I concept car, and Ford Transits built for the continental European market (West German built left hand drive). UK Ford had their own V4 for the British Isles version of the Transit .

[@panther105]

Actually, I wasn't wondering, but your facts are interesting. Thank you....!!

[@2000freefuel]

I still want to cut down a GM 90 degree V6 with the balance shaft to make a V-twin.

[@Drmcclung]

Rather like two conjoined V twins, but not exactly. It's been *decades* since I've have a Euro-Ford V4 apart (high attrition rate here) so I can't exactly remember the crank layout, but I want to say it was a 2-journal type with split pins on it. But I may be confusing the Taunus V4 with the way older V4 outboard motors were laid out (2 journals, split pins on each journal for a total of 4 - it was for compact packaging reasons) and that was all before subcompact vertical inline 4's took over the role of 4cyl 4 stroke outboards with like twice the power and roughly the same size & weight of the old V4's. Thank you composite manifolds and MiM! Anyhow, my 2 cents. I'm getting old and can't remember sh*t anymore 😑

[@Drmcclung]

Sidenote I also kinda remember the Taunus being a Cologne V6 with 2 cylinders lopped off, both V4 & V6 accepted the exact same exhaust manifolds as I recall?? Like I said it's been more than 30 years so.. memory is quite fuzzy. Someone set me straight! It's making me crazy

[@carlosfabricioalf]

This channel is "strange". Most of the videos... In the beggining we became to feel so "stupy" like "Man... I didnt have any idea about it." Then... the explanations as so, soooooo good that you realize that you are understanding and getting smarter. Man... its AWESOME. I would love to be a student with a teacher like you. GREAT JOB BUD! ... GREAT JOB, thank you very very much.

[@carlosfabricioalf]

May I ask you a question? Are you a professor? If no... Have you think about it? You will be a great one man.

[@azizhakim7337]

You make the most technical aspects sound layman friendly. I enjoy the inner-workings of cars more than just how pretty they are on the outside. Thanks to your content, I can understand how things inside cars work without having to study complex theories. Very intuitive! Tell us more!

[@volvo09]

Pretty much what I was going to say, I love the details that teach visually.

[@azizhakim7337]

@@volvo09 I look out for his content eagerly

[@simmons3.088]

I found this channel last night looking up stuff for the R1. I'm an electrical engineer and this is still some of the most fascinating and well explained stuff I've seen in a really long time.

[@deltalima70]

Wow ! I am a 25+ year of experience mechanical engineer but still, I now feel more intelligent after listening to your video on I-4, V-4 and B-4 ! Your explanations are simple but so clear ! I am also an AW11 owner (SC for me) so you got my attention ! I subscribed to your channel and will be listening a lot more of your videos in the future !

[@andik.4235]

This videos are pure gold by explaining the basics and then digging deep why there is no such thing like the best engine configuration. Thank you for the effort.

[@mookieblaylock2589]

Actually inline 6 is almost perfect design as well as v8, v10 and v12. But it leads to higher cost.

[@KZcheese]

The one v4 I can think of in cars is Lancia's old v4. It's a super narrow angine v4 with 1 head, but I don't think it has a split crank like the Ford v4. The Fulvia used it and that car was pretty successful in rally racing.

[@tim1polman]

Iirc, the lancia engine was a VR4, since it only used1 cylinder head. (Its where vw got the idea for the vr6 engine, aledgedly)

[@olegeskevich]

On Soviet cars, ZAZ and LuAZ were installed V4 with a volume of 1.2 liters. Currently, some bikers in Russia remove the V4 from old ZAZ cars and install on a motorcycle ("zazocycle" called by them).

[@winstonelston5743]

Saab considered the Lancia V4, or so I'm told, before selecting the Ford unit. We had a drill rig at an engineering company where I worked many years ago that had, i believe it was a Wisconsin V4 air-cooled industrial engine.

[@Mochu_s_Junkyard]

we really appreciate the increase in quality and depth of the explanations. I come from the i6, v6, vr6 video and while I loved the other one this one is just much better, keep it up

[@jaymoore332]

Wow. Dude. This isn’t information. This is understanding. This is depth. I’m a very experienced engineer, but aero, not auto. I learn a metric ton from each one of your videos. You have the kind of grasp of all the corollaries of every design detail that I see in all my colleagues that I most admire. Thank you for doing these.

[@BLKBRDD]

the explaination of the boxer engine limitations was really insightful. thanks ❤

[@explodia3384]

maybe there isn't the best engine but there is certainly the best yt channel

[@ahnafzahid9450]

bro u don't stop to entertain me with these videos that are oozing and dripping with knowledge

[@husseinaydibi7215]

I just came across the video and I would like to say that this is the most fascinating, pure and fruitful explanation of all mentioned types of engines. Really appreciate the amazing work, keep it up 💪💪💪

[@bytesandbikes]

The effort put into this video really shows. Reference grade stuff. Many thanks!

[@horaciokanashiro-hv2zn]

⭐

[@dosomethingcool6569]

Got here only 3 seconds after upload. D4A never disappoints!

[@SONO4B11T]

The reason why i like motorcycles a lot more is how relatively small aspects of the design greatly impact the performance. The rotational direction of the crank could make the difference in Braking and changing direction, in a car its usually negligible. The Ducati "twin pulse" V4 is pretty cool. I don't know if its mainly down to the 70 degree crank &/or Desmodromic vales, but the straight line performance is very entertaining to watch. Great Video!

[@Drunken_Hamster]

Oh yeah, I just now thought about "Hey, if the engine rotates counter to the wheels, then wouldn't it have a slightly lower tendency to wheelie due to rotational inertia canceling out? And beyond that, I recently realized that transverse mounting of the engine is technically the ONLY sensible design, again, due to rotational inertia. This time though, it would literally rotate the bike into or out of lean angle depending on how you were turning. Couple that with a shaft drive (the only sensible drive with a longitudinally mounted engine) and then it begins to "walk" or "climb" the pinion up the ring gear in the rear axle.

[@mikellewis2346]

I always bin a guy that understood how a motor/engine works by looking at it for the most part. But watching your video's throw the last year or so I've started watching, I've learnt a good amount of technical knowledge of how they work to a high level. And I love it !!!

[@liver.flush.maestro]

Nice explanation of secondary balance, this is your best one so far 🙂

[@Macaco_Branco]

Your channel is the most underrated on YT, hands down! Love to watch your videos, keep up your good work! 👏😊👍

[@Chiliplayer]

Excellent video as always. Underrated youtube channel! Being a motorcyclist as well as a car guy, I have to say I love this late turn to include motorcycle stuff in your channel. The V4 engine included. I'd love to see a deep dive in recent trends on motorcycle (and car) engine configurations such as the I3 - crossplane I2 "vs" the more traditional I4 - V4 - V2. Thank you!!

[@iansmith6728]

Already done in previous video.

[@KMajorGreenly]

one belt/chain if it's not a VW product. Then you get a belt on the front driving the exhaust cam and a chain on the rear driving the exhaust cam to the intake cam. 😉 I absolutely love your videos too, keep doing what you're doing. I love watching you explain the balances!

[@wilharnecker2575]

This is the best video on the internet, regardless of the desired application.

[@Bobcat9]

Wow man. By far the best graphics + explanation of a complex, but beautifully simple comparison of physical laws. This is the video I share with people who have little to no understanding of IC engines.

[@deft3562]

I learn a lot more from this channel than in school! Massive thanks D4A!

[@SJR_Media_Group]

GREAT video with lots of easy to understand information.... I've been working on a radical engine design for several years. It's an inverted V 12. Let me explain... using 2 inline 6 cylinder engines, each with their own cranks. Both cylinder banks are geared together and there is a center-line output shaft. The banks are inverted and form an upside down 90 degree V. Left and right hand cylinders share a common head. The head has variable compression ratio where combustion chamber volume is adjustable. The magic is in the head. Using 2 inline 6 cylinder engines means there is perfect primary and secondary balance without needing anything else. The head has 4 valve per cylinder hemispherical combustion chamber with center spark plug. In addition to variable CR, it has variable lift, duration, and timing as well. The magic is truly in the head. Variable compression ratio means engine is always at most efficient regardless of boost level. No boost, engine runs 10:1 CR. Add 3-4 Bars of boost and Static CR drops preventing pre-detonation problems. With high boost head is still at 10:1 CR or whatever is best for load. Lower static CR = higher amount of boost possible. You could have an engine with 5:1 CR and add a ton of boost. Problem is with no boost, engine would be very inefficient at 5:1 CR. I have a 2 stroke version that works on paper. Cramming 720 degrees of rotation into 360 degrees is hard. But with full time mechanical forced induction and full time mechanical exhaust scavenging it works. Giant 2 stroke ship engines run at 100 RPM. Making a practical car 2 stroke gas engine is the challenge. 2 power strokes per 720 degrees means twice the power. 6,000 RPM in 2 stroke is same as 12,000 RPM with 4 stroke.

[@dogetothemoon.9061]

9:06 Another car with a v4 is the Porsche 919 with a 90° crank offset. It has separate crank pin.

[@fre3z3r68]

My first thought when I think of V4 engines

[@elchupacabra1666]

and there is also ZAZ Zaporozhets series soviet cars using v4 engines

[@onogrirwin]

There's also the Lancia v4

[@ovalwingnut]

Very COoL. You had four of my friends jumping up and down and another four going back and forth regarding your video's content. It was awesome! You RoCk!

[@kevinconville9258]

As usual, for you, your videos are dense with information. Yet they are also concise and easy to understand/follow. Simply put, you produce the best content around of this type. Cheers, and thank you!

[@rando5673]

I was JUST looking into super compact engine design. This video came at the perfect time

[@bingeciren]

I am a Mechanical Engineer and I wish 45 years ago, when I was in second year of engineering , my dynamics Prof explained primary and secondary balances as eloquently as you have explained.

[@Michal_Sobierajski]

As a V6 owner (peugeot 407) I'm now better understand my engine - thank a lot! Great work 👏🏻

[@c.a.r.s.carsandrelevantspecs]

Another excellent video! I especially liked your descriptions of the engine balance, even vs uneven firing order, and the usage of balance shafts vs engine mounts. Awesome!

[@marekdobias9231]

Great explanations!

[@anvilsvs]

Someone who understands horses for courses. Application defines the "best" engine configuration.

[@allosaurusfragilis7782]

My outboard engine on my boat is a 1.7l v4 positioned vertically with the shaft running down the the gearbox then to propellor. It's also a two stroke. Quite an interesting design by evinrude. It makes 115 hp, which is plenty in a fairly small boat. It's been very reliable, considering the environment in which it operates. Which is a good thing when you're out on the sea.

[@gogocro1]

I love the V4 in my VFR 800 VTEC. The vibrations are lower frequency than an inline 4. The inline 4 buzzes the handlebars and footpegs. My brother-in-law has GSX750F, a bike very similar in power, torque and power delivery on paper. While riding it's totally different feeling and character. I guess it's the higher secondary imbalance combined with even firing order giving it higher frequency vibrations.

[@ridethroughlifertl]

I've had an ST1100 and ST1300, and the torque from those V4 engines was just incredible. I haven't ridden a "normal"-mounted V4, like a Vmax or VFR to compare, but the ST's were awesome.

[@Kevin_Hones]

Thank you for an excellent video! You clearly explain some very subtle concepts. The diagrams and animations were well worth the time. I hope one day you could cover I6 and V8 configurations in a similar way.

[@jcorkable]

He’s already got videos on both, although not directly compared to each other. One comparing I6 to different types of v6’s, and one comparing the different types of v8’s. The whole engine balance playlist is very good, definitely worth a watch.

[@jcorkable]

If you mean more like this video, comparing specific applications, I agree. I know this channel is typically more car/racing focused and is not based in America but personally I’d love to see American truck engines compared, e.g. Cummins I6 vs the v8 diesels.

[@aidanfordsword6954]

I've been trying to design a little V8 engine in fusion and your videos have been a massive help!

[@jameshaulenbeek5931]

You should check out the Connaught V10 - very cool stuff

[@aidanfordsword6954]

@@jameshaulenbeek5931 dang, it looks really weird. I'll have to take a look at how it works.

[@glennbesso1830]

I have watched 7 or 8 videos you have done and I rate them as the finest example of internal combustion engine design principles available. Absolutely first class, and don't let the EV bullies get to you. There is still a big future in the ICE.

[@d4a]

Thank you. I don't mind, even without a future the past is so massive that it guarantees relevance for decades to come. Sure, it may not be mainstream one day but neither are records and record players. That doesn't mean a lot of people don't enjoy them still.

[@vozhdmeister5256]

Great video, brillant explanations. Every arrangement has its pros and cons.

[@bujin5455]

I love this channel! It's like, "finally, explanations for all of the various design and engineering trade offs that get made in ICE!"

[@Otani_Garage]

This video is awesome and super useful for understanding primary and secondary forces. Since you made a video on rod ratio and how it affects engines, I think it would be interesting if you covered piston wrist pin offset and/or cylinder bore offset and how it affects power and torque. Keep up the great work!!

[@kapteinsuperskoot6986]

Lancia Fulvia was also a V4 narrow angle (between 11°20' and 12°53) with a single head, making it essentially the first VR engine.

[@waveman1500]

Lancia Fulvia V4 should always be mentioned when talking V4 engines! The Ford V4 was also used in Saab models and the Ford Transit.

[@mhemedabaza6102]

Thank you very much i was waiting for a boxer engine balance explanation ❤️❤️

[@timothyjamieson1282]

Thanks for that- well explained! I was taught a long time ago that secondary balance was caused by thecranks counterweights traveling to the side, at 90 degrees to the stroke, when there was no piston/conrod traveling in the opposite direction to counter its sideways force.

[@taylorkingrealestate2053]

I owned a VFR1200 which had a very unique V4 configuration. It had a 76' vee, with 2 inboard cylinders and 2 outboard cylinders, making for a wide front bank and a narrow rear bank, with the narrow one between the rider's knees. The crankpins were split with thin flying webs giving a 28' offset. It also had an unconventional firing order, firing cylinders 1 and 4 on the front bank, just 104 degrees apart, then a 256' pause, then another quick pair of power pulses from the rear bank. So rather than running like 2 v-twins connected together, it ran like 2 parallel twins connected together, and due to the rotating couples, managed near perfect balance without any counterbalancers. It had just a mild buzz. It had other cool features too, like a sealed case with scavenge pumps for oiling, unicam cylinder heads, and asymmetrical headers. In my opinion one of the coolest engines they ever built, unfortunately the bike had some real shortcomings and didn't review well, and this engine hasn't been seen since.

[@AGBULLIT]

I love the sound the V4 makes. I wish they made that the entry level engine for the Mustang.

[@Randgalf]

i.e. a Ford Capri. Some of them came with the Essex V4.

[@littleshopofelectrons4014]

Very thorough and interesting explanation. I have a Gen 2 Yamaha VMAX which has a 70 degree angle between cylinder pairs. A counterbalance shaft is used to reduce vibration. An interesting story I read was that during development the engine prototype was deemed to be too smooth for the character of the bike. It didn't deliver a muscle-bike sensation to the rider. Yamaha therefore intentionally introduced s small amount of low frequency vibration by modifying the counterbalance shaft. It now delivers a small amount of low frequency vibration to the rider. It is not annoying at all.

[@БранимирПетров]

Just to add a bit of info on the boxer. The block doesn't have to made from two identical halfes. The Alfa Romeo Boxer for example have a single piece cast iron block, with two aluminium lids at the back and the front, that doesn't have a load bearing function. Also, this cast iron block responds well to boost applications, even if it only have 3 main bearings.

[@TurboHappyCar]

Great video man! I love the animations to help show the concepts. 👍

[@Darren-jo4if]

Bravo mate, you described and explained that information so clearly, and simple that not only did I fully understand, but I've retained it too...👍

[@motopaulo]

Brilliant educational videos like this make the internet worthwhile. Thank you for making us smarter!

[@chadmartfeld]

My understanding grows thanks to you my friend thank you for the great content

[@repairman22]

eXellent work friend!!

[@MrMotonator]

I'm pretty obsessed with this channel

[@liver.flush.maestro]

Thank you, this video is a nice refresh on what you presented before, but with enhanced explanations 🙂Keep it up!

[@erg0101]

Amazing! The best part for me is learning more about my Panigale V4 engine. Thanks for all the info. Always learning something from all your videos.

[@jeffer1101]

I've had all these engines. Obviously, inline 4s are quite common. I had a V4 in a Honda VF1000F back in the 80s. Recently, we bought a Subaru Forester with an H4 engine. I have to say, the smoothness of the boxer engine in the Subaru is very noticeable.

[@winstonelston5743]

I bought a new Crosstrek 2-liter six-speed last year. After forty years with Nissan pick-ups, the boxer is a revelation.

[@eranoconstruction]

Thanks!

[@d4a]

Thank you for your support! Sincerely appreciated

[@SupraSav]

As always, another banger. Thanks for another thorough video.

[@graemelliott3942]

Great Video🏁 I’m surprised that there’s not more V-4 cars produced!

[@Hunter1st]

no square 4? :(

[@Zander10102]

No, bad! *spray bottles*

[@Harry_Gersack]

Wouldn't that make a VR4? Basically a V4 with a very narrow angle between the cylinder banks. Like VW's VR6

[@observingrogue7652]

@Harry_Gersack No, a Square 4 isn't like a V4 or the staggered VW engine. It is essentially two parallel twins that are mirrored, counter rotating, each has their own crankshaft but they're geared together. I just made a comment guessing the Square4 is the best, or maybe a horizontal twin mirrored the same way, or maybe that opposed-piston diesel engine, with 2 or 4 pistons all moving in or out at the same time. But I don't know. It does seem to me the best option are just two crank shafts mirrored, and counter rotating, to counter each other. One has the drive assembly, the other has a flywheel/damper the same weight as the drive assembly, like the clutch, but that may not be necessary. Again, I don't know. But I would love to gear together even pairs of RC or 2stroke engines in this way.

[@observingrogue7652]

@Zander10102 HISSSSSSSSSSSSWHAT'S THE PROBLEM?!

[@vayu7613]

16

[@rickhalverson2252]

My daughter used to drive a Subaru svx. Like a boxer 4, but it's a 6-cylinder. I'd borrow it and refer to it as the rocket. Definitely high performance. Very reliable engine too.

[@RandomlnternetGuy]

Great timing!!!!! I JUST watched your 6 cylinder balance video

[@kronweed]

fantastic video. The graphics made it very intuitive to understand well.

[@budthecyborg4575]

The Porsche LeMans 919 Hybrid also uses a V4 with split crank pin design to achieve 180 degrees per ignition.

[@TamerlanRespawn]

I can think of a different V4 engine, namely the (in)famous and glorious Ukrainian-built MeMZ-965 and its later revisions, found in the ZAZ Zaporozhets line of cars produced from the 60s up until the early 90s. As far as I remember, it was a 750-1200cc 90° aircooled "true V4" with a very unique soundtrack. I will never forget that time when I was just a wee lad, our downstairs neighbor trying to start and driving off in that thing every morning, woke up the whole bloc like (very chaotic and reliably unreliable) clockwork :D Great video as always man!

[@merr6267]

This man belongs here . . . I also hope some university is paying him giant piles of his favorite currency to present this to willing students. I would have been one "back in the day." Insead we got to watch graphs on chalkboards as the engine dynos sat idle, and we were fed propaganda about fuel cells. Kudos D4A. 👏

[@rolfkarlstad4015]

I had 2 different Saab Sonnet III's, and I was really happy to see you address the Taunus engine. I don't know if you've ever revved one up, but with a performance exhaust and a pertronix Ignitor ignition, they screamed. Sounded like a little race car.

[@lesjones7617]

You Just Scramble my brains man! I still LOVE my VFR!

[@TiyamatFTL]

9:10 Lancia Fulvia, probably one of the coolest cars ever, partly due to its engine, partly due to its rallying heritage

[@SilverScarletSpider]

It is hilarious how much worse the NA B4 and H4 are compared to the NA I4 in horsepower, torque, mpg, spark plug maintenance, and reliability. The only real positive for a B4 is “lower center of gravity”. An example of this is how the 2012 200hp NA B4 engine in the Subaru BRZ struggled to get 33 mpg highway, meanwhile both Toyota and Honda have been using NA I4 VTEC and VVTi engines to get 200hp and 40+ mpg since the mid 1990’s and early 2000’s. The Honda S2000 engine and K24 are proof of this. In order to get 225hp in the 2022 Subaru BRZ’s new H4 engine, the mpg took an even bigger hit and now they can’t even hit 27 mpg highway.

[@psychemist2689]

Subaru is behind Honda and Toyota in terms of efficiency and power density in an NA engine. On the other end, Subaru turbo 4s are engines of renown.

[@SilverScarletSpider]

@@psychemist2689 That is a good point, I almost forgot about that!

[@SvcGlobal]

Enjoyed so much, thank you. Could you please do a similar lecture about the balance in a three cylinders engine?

[@Renassainceman]

I can't believe that throughout this entire, but excellent, video, you make no mention at all of Honda's older 4 cyl. boxer engine. Smooth and refined, I wonder how they addressed the same issues.

[@alexjenner1108]

22:20 The Alfa Romeo Alfasud from the early 1970s and the later Sprint, 33, 145 and 146 models, used a boxer 4 with a single piece cast iron block and the engine remained in production until the late 1990s.

[@GIGABACHI]

Always a Masterpiece ! Thanks for another great video and easy to understand explanations !

[@MrAPCProductions]

Can't wait for the 8 cylinder engine balance video.

[@joaoluistavares6046]

Thank you for the video. Great learning.

[@phipsg.8031]

Thank you again for this very good explanations. 😎👍

[@jakemartin4305]

Would love to see a series on tbe rotaary engine (explination on blalance and operation) love your vids very informatove and entertaining for the gear head 😁👏👍

[@jimbarino2]

If you are interested, Ryan did a great vid on the Rotary over at Fortnine: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y2Src3SsoMhnl5I

[@chibacha21_CarBoi]

There is a solution to the offset problem with boxer 4 engines that I have never seen before, but the calculations add up. Suppose you have an I4 with a flat-plane crankshaft (that's basically all of them). Now flip the outer or inner 2 cylinders by 180°, making it a flat engine. You should now have the outer 2 cylinders on one side of the engine, while the inner ones are on the other side. Now it must become a boxer engine by having the opposing pistons reach TDC and BDC at the same time. This design has perfect primary and secondary balance from just 4 cylinders! Keep in mind that this is only possible with a cylinder count that is divisible by 4, so a boxer 6 of this configuration sadly isn't possible. I really don't know why no-one used this design before, so if you do know, please let me know. Thanks for the video! :D

[@ExalyThor]

I hope you do a deep dive of VW's VR and WR engines next. I'm not much of an exhaust guy, but the W8 is the best sounding 8 cylinder engine in my opinion.

[@d4a]

I did cover the VR6 in the six cylinder video. I'll get to the W stuff eventually too!

[@Random-nf7qb]

@@d4a I'm disappointed you didn't mention the ZaZ 965-968, that had an aircooled V4 in the rear

[@alexjenner1108]

Narrow angle V engines have had a long history since at least the Lancia Lambda V4 in the 1920s. Plenty of material here for an entire video on narrow angle V engines.

[@xeroxasaurus9883]

I have kept my Subaru WRX boxer engine completely stock since the day I bought it, 233,000 miles later and its been a great engine. But many don't understand what turning up the boost does, you can get away with it for a little while but it will cause major issues for your Subaru, you do need to know what your doing or your engine will quit on you in a catastrophic way.

[@jensknudsen4222]

Excellent! That's a lot of information to digest, but you made it very accessible.

[@Berghemrrader]

9:07 Also Lancia Fulvia 1.3 is a V4 engine with 45° degree.

[@_MAXrevs_]

Extraordinary presentation!!!

[@jozsefizsak]

Great stuff. I love the complexity.

[@cliff5021]

I was lucky and at the same period of time I have a Ducati ST3, Triumph Sprint ST 1050, BMW R1200GS and a Honda VFR1200x. All ran well and only considering the engines the Triumph triple seemed the smoothest but the VFR was very close but also obviously much more powerful. The Ducati had an exhaust and was the more "racey" sounding engine and seemed to have the most profound torque curve. The GS has the most vibration but seemed to have the most torque lowest in the rpm band and seemed to be the easiest to control. I liked them all. And all served their purpose well. I only put about 20k miles on the VFR and Ducati. A few more on the Triumph and over 180k miles on the GS. I think the VFR engine sound is best. But the Ducati exhaust made it sound like it was something special.

[@timothyscherer9163]

The Ford Taunus Köln V4 also uses a balance shaft to get rid of the primary imbalance caused by its 60 degree bank angle. and it was made with the 60 degree bank angle because ford usa later wanted to develop it into a v6 and the v6 would be the main engine so they made the v4 with 60 degree bank angle and then ford köln took the american v4 and made the 60 degree köln v6 and there is no balance shaft in neither the köln v6 or essex v6 meanwhile both köln v4 and essex v4 has balance shaft

[@Moto_MKHN]

Fantastic video - great comparisons and clear explanations. Subscribed!

[@subynut]

Excellently explained! Thank you!

[@chadkline4268]

I wish BMW made a 800cc boxer GS. I love those engines. They are perfection to me. I fell in love with boxers at first sight when I was 17. I would just look at them and say to myself: that is the perfect design. While your criticisms of boxers may have some validity in some applications or in physics, they really aren't a problem practically speaking. But I only concern myself with 2 cyl boxers. Horizontal opposed engines are used in most all aircraft engines for a reason (Lycoming, Continental). They are the most simple, lightweight, reliable engines that can be made. And as for motorcycles, they have the lowest center of gravity, and the cylinders protect your feet and ankles from cold and when laying your bike down.

[@Drmcclung]

I like all 3 packages for different reasons for different applications. V4's though were always a little odd and kinda rare in nature but they had their uses

[@TheRealTimpa]

9:08 i would never have thought v4 was so uncommon in cars that a car i have would be an example. Also, fun fact. Ford bought saab 96s for testing the v4 engine, and later sold them back to saab with the engines still in them. Saab tested the cars and this made them acquire the v4 engine to use in the saab 95, 96, and 97.

[@johnsmith1474]

Lancia made an inline 4 that was slightly V, just enough to snug the pistons closer to each other. See Harry's Garage channel, and the restoration of his classic Lancia sports sedan.

[@d4a]

That would be a VR engine. It has just one head right?

[@alexjenner1108]

@@d4a Is "VR engine" an official engineering term? I'm sure it wasn't a thing in the 1970s when the V4 Lancia Fulvia HF was winning world championship rallies. But yes, Lancia had a 12° V-angle with a single cylinder head covering all the cylinders. They also had a 20° V4 engine in the Lancia Lambda in the 1920s. From my understanding, Lancia were first to manufacture cars with V4 and V6 engines in mass production, so they should have got a mention here. Lancia also had a flat-4 boxer in the Lancia Gamma, so you could have done the entire video with Lancia examples.