DeepMind solves protein folding | AlphaFold 2

A quick video on the basics of DeepMind's AlphaFold 2 breakthrough. Please support this channel by checking out our sponsors:
- Vincero: vincerowatches.com/lex to get up to 25% off + free shipping
- Four Sigmatic: foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off
References and good blogs, articles, videos:
[1] AlphaFold 2: deepmind.com/blog/article/alp...
[2] AlphaFold 1: deepmind.com/blog/article/Alp...
[3] AlphaFold 1 paper: www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
[4] CASP14 Results: www.predictioncenter.org/casp...
[20] AlphaFold 2 video from Yannic Kilcher: • DeepMind's AlphaFold 2...
[21] Science: www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/...
[22] Nature: www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
[23] Fortune: fortune.com/2020/11/30/deepmi...
OUTLINE:
0:00 - What happened?
1:03 - How big is this accomplishment?
4:39 - Proteins and amino acids
5:17 - Protein folding
8:26 - How AlphaFold 1 works
9:45 - How AlphaFold 2 works
12:09 - Why is this breakthrough important?
13:19 - Long-term future impact

[@lexfridman]

A quick video on the basics of DeepMind's AlphaFold 2 breakthrough. Here are the timestamps: 0:00 - What happened? 1:03 - How big is this accomplishment? 4:39 - Proteins and amino acids 5:17 - Protein folding 8:26 - How AlphaFold 1 works 9:45 - How AlphaFold 2 works 12:09 - Why is this breakthrough important? 13:19 - Long-term future impact Please support this channel by checking out our sponsors: - Vincero: vincerowatches.com/lex to get up to 25% off + free shipping - Four Sigmatic: foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off

[@suntouch3r]

16:00 Quick shout out to sponsors

[@firecogs]

I was hoping you’d comment on this

[@avengingme]

You're freaking beautiful, Lex

[@eliriekeberg7127]

I am deeply skeptical about the generalizability of this. I hope I am wrong.

[@genentropy]

@@eliriekeberg7127 Obviously we haven't seen the paper yet, but the nature of competition makes it so that it's very likely this is generalizable.

[@christopherdevers2836]

To the question of, do we like these short videos? Absolutely, and you said that you really enjoy making them. Double positive. Keep up the amazing work Lex

[@babydragon1637]

*raises hand*🙋🏼✌🏻😁✅🟢🦾💯😋🌟😎🔥 i second this motion & share these thoughts

[@humanoid9787]

It'd be nice to see his face too tho

[@hughwaller6789]

Thanks Lex, love your stuff.

[@jared0801]

"Hopefully I'm not being too poetic" 😂 that's why we love you Lex

[@SomeSortaPro]

You inspire me in many ways lex. You alone have spawned a massive interest in deep learning and AI in me and I can’t thank you enough. I just wanted to chime in just in case you see this comment and let you know you continue to massively positively influence my life. I really appreciate the time and love you put in to the things you release to the internet and I do my best to reciprocate that in my own ways every day.

[@DheerajBhaskar]

I've started to despise his overly romantic side. This is distracting me and turning me off. I've started watching less of his content of late. Others like it, so it's likely a win

[@ozafter1]

@@DheerajBhaskar I mean he's very young, he's never been married, has no kids, is basically an adult child who's brilliant

[@nateo7045]

@ozafter1 So becoming a "real" adult has nothing to do with extreme understanding of themselves and the world around them, but better yet having kids and developing a jaded world view? Maybe I'm being unfair to your argument but life with or without kids or a wife is not any less of a life. Lex talks about heavily impactful things, life is weird, and no one likes a bore. He asks questions and entertains concepts that most people's egos would be far too afraid of even bringing up, no matter how trivial the sentiment itself might actually be. We see this a lot with Rogan too. This is why people enjoy their content to the extent they do. Rogan has kids and a wife by the way.

[@ozafter1]

@@nateo7045 i didn't say that. i don't think he has an extremely deep understanding of himself (except in terms of learning and discipline), other people, or society at large. he's comically naive on human relationships and business. but whatever, i love the guy and this podcast is nothing short of amazing to me.

[@jaymkz3225]

Big respect for you man, been following you since you only had 50k followers. You are such a great mixture of intelligence, wisdom, respect, dry humor, thoughtfulness, open-mindedness, and integrity. Hardly ever do you see a person climb to the highest heights of academia, science, athletics/martial arts, and personal development (and maintain their sense of humility I might add)....Cheers Lex, from a fellow engineer and martial arts enthusiast, I'm proud of you and I can't wait to see what 2021 has in store for you man

[@indamountains7953]

Only reason I’m here to emanate Lex

[@savaloy666999]

...what this guy said!

[@KnightMirkoYo]

And above all, look at his eyes any time he talks about love. He is one of the best humans alive today. I really wish we could make him a president of the world.

[@Dylan-hh7vo]

Would love more of these mini-lecture episodes. Great work Lex

[@KravMagoo]

Yeah...now all he has to do is crank out a steady stream of these one-in-a-lifetime scientific advances and he'll get right on it!

[@fenristhewolfslair3993]

@metoo :)

[@lodevermeulen9012]

The moment I heard of this breakthrough, I was excited for the sure to come video of you explaining it. And you haven't disappointed me one bit! This was such a well structured and explained video and I love your personality that goes with the explaining (the occasional poetic or philosophical thoughts). Thank you so much for this video!

[@henrugolf]

This is such a huge accomplishment! Great video as always.

[@betsyhamilton3591]

Yes, please make more vids like this. Appreciate the concise, informative report.

[@umfmage]

You would make the world's best professor. Super easy to understanding for dense material. A little dry humour to make sure you're paying attention.

[@CyberKyle]

Keep doing these Lex, they are so well done and explain a ton of good info in a reasonable amount of time! I love how the short term and long term implications are broken down nicely. I love the slide deck design too.

[@vg5028]

Thanks Lex, I really enjoy this style of video. Please keep them coming!

[@coolboriz]

I love those short videos that touch on recent advancements in AI - more please. Would love more technical details.

[@ambujmittal6824]

Next podcast idea: Interview with one of the team members of the AlphaFold project.

[@tn15_]

That would be great if he could convince someone from Deepmind to come on

[@tn15_]

@@aryangod2003 I didn't know that. Thanks!

[@neslef3]

@@tn15_ Ya it's too bad he could only get people like: Andrew Ng, Elon Musk, Stephen Wolfram, James Gosling, Francois Chollet, Richard Karp, Jack Dorsey, David Silver (who btw is a lead researcher at deepmind), Grant Sanderson, Daphne Koller, Donald Knuth, Noam Chomsky, Richard Dawkins, Garry Kasporav, Bjarne Stroustrup, Daniel Kahneman, Leonard Suskind, Jeff Atwood, Yoshua Bengio, Gilbert Strang, Michael l. Jordan, Richard Feynman, Alan Turing, Albert Einstein, and other "low tier" guests to come on. But in all seriousness, the quality of this podcast is really superb; the fact that he interviewed everyone on that list besides for the last three is really amazing.

[@tn15_]

@@neslef3 I meant no slight to the quality of the podcast with my comment -- only that I was interested in hearing more from DeepMind and I figured Lex had the pull to get the interview. I only stumbled upon this channel 4 months ago, so I still have a lot of catching up to do! Also, I agree with you. The content on here is phenomenal and unlike much else on YT.

[@neslef3]

@@tn15_ Definitely didn't think you were saying anything bad about Lex, if anything thought maybe you just didn't know about him. I mostly just wanted to take the moment to list some of the incredible people he had on the podcast as he never ceases to amaze me with his guests!

[@walidhasan9739]

these short videos are great! I read the alphafold blog earlier, and now watching your video!

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@willcshapiro]

Ever since I heard the announcement I was hoping to see you do a video about it. Thank you Lex!

[@cadetcyuzuzo8219]

Personally I'm very excited about this. Our boys at Deep Mind have done it again, this is a huge accomplishment.

[@leonardoandrevillaciscusto1872]

Great video! quick and important content! very inspirational as always.

[@emrazum]

Love these mini-lectures. Your slides are next-level

[@twokidsmovies]

Great video as usual!

[@justtoleavecomments3755]

Please make more of these! I bet a lot of your viewers, like me, are undergrads in compsci. Seeing where our degrees could take us and how the skillset we're learning can be applied in a byte-sized video, that can be watched while on the toilet in the morning is great.

[@Barneyismyname]

Love these kinds of videos Lex, keep them coming please!

[@prasadchaturvedula]

Your videos are very very informative and teach concepts that matter(to me at least). Grateful for your time and effort. Keep dishing out more!!

[@dmitriy7861]

Damn, what a time to be alive! Also, huge thanks to you Lex, for all the work you do and such videos especially. I was just thinking about learning more about AlphaFold and protein folding in general when I read the news.

[@pascualcme]

This is super helpful Lex, please keep these videos up! Thanks!

[@ChowmutLe]

Man what a time to be alive.

[@djohnjimmy]

These short videos are fun for us too. Thank you Lex for teaching us in a way we can easily understand.

[@ottolehto]

These videos are great! Helpful and compact. Keep 'em coming! :)

[@tmillcon]

Great video Lex! Keep them coming.

[@zacharyrolandlittle]

Please keep making quick videos like this talking about topics you find fascinating

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman stfu fake Lex

[@fahdhussein6760]

This was a good roundup. Great new video with Demis too... keep em coming

[@MrJack8782]

Thanks for this break down Lex, super interesting

[@GuyNamedZack]

Lex this is one of the best videos I've seen on your channel! As a current BME student this was immensely helpful to my understanding - thank you!

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex. Hmm yes, I’ll use this as copy-paste.

[@mattbordi]

great summary of the new breakthrough. I think more of these shorter videos would do well, I enjoy them

Wow that's exactly the AlphaFold coverage I needed!! Thank you so much Lex, you are a beast!

[@rafaelcamargossantos]

Please keep doing this type of videos! Very informative and fun!!!

[@squeezy7252]

Love the quick videos, please make more!

[@JorgeRamos-xw6dy]

Thanks for the summary. Very cool, quick and concise.

[@michaelflynn6952]

*dead serious monotone educational voice* "I'm just here to have some fun"

[@bmoneybby]

I've heard stronger emotional inflection at a Stephen Hawking lecture.

[@ravenmoore3399]

Im just here for the data lol

[@spacebaby1174]

reminds me of Charlie Rose from the 80s,,and i love it,,its my ASMR

[@sudoall]

It's LEX .. he is not that monotone .. just microtonal..

[@michaelflynn6952]

@@sudoall i know lol but i am here to have some fun

[@pieterstofberg3841]

Halfway through the video... so far I have not understood one word of what is going on. Kind of happy about that and VERY glad that there are people like you around that can keep an eye on this stuff.

[@rafalborkowski]

Great video Lex, this format is fun and really digestible.

[@imranq9241]

Please make more of these videos! this format is easy to digest esp

[@jonathanchavez9203]

This kind of videos are amazing. Keep it up Lex!

[@milton420Go]

Thank you for this video. Really nice work. Definitely would love to see more of such kind of short educational videos.

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@fcorp9755]

This quick videos are great, please keep making them.

[@KS-np4us]

That is really inspiring, the progress we see in all subjects of science is far beyond my expectations. Thanks Lex for giving this insight

[@cowboygareth]

My dad is a molecular biologist and runs a biochem company that specializes in enzyme technologies. His work revolves around creating proteins(enzymes) that are high performant and can massively increase production efficiency for drugs/ingredients and etc. This means a huge amount of laborious lab testing the performance of many proteins they created from the ground up. Computational prediction of protein structures was a frequent topic of our casual discussions, with him often being pessimistic about it, saying that proteins are the most complex structures in the universe, and the combinations are infinitely endless, and that only a quantum computer can begin to qualify such a task. Because I work in I.T, I tend to console him with the notion that A.I algorithms these days are surprisingly powerful, and maybe more suitable for such endeavors. We've had this type of dialogue for years. A few days ago when I sent him the news of this breakthrough he was in complete shock. He said this will change the whole game for the entire drugs and biotechnology industry.

[@dinoanastasopoulos8511]

A Lex Fridman video on AlphaFold2 was not what I expected but definitely what I needed. Thank you for everything you do!

[@user-or7ji5hv8y]

this is a great summary. thank you

[@xurofthenine]

Beyond the monotone voice you can hear his enthusiasm. Just hearing how excited he is to talk about this makes me excited to hear about it. Love beyond bounds for Lex!

[@entropica]

Lex, don't dare to ever stop making videos like this!

[@joshtargo6834]

glad you got this up so fast!

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@WestchesterNYMilton]

I just spotted this video. Lex! Yes, by all means, please keep on creating these educational lecture segments. You have a terrific way of breaking these complex lessons down to be understandable and fun to analyze.

[@91JoshB]

Thank you for everything you do Lex!

[@cam41527]

I love the quick video format lex! Perfect to squeeze in before work 😃

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@thomastracy5090]

Thank you. Wonderful and timely. Your podcast has provided great content, especially during the necessary social distancing of this year.

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@HunterLee11313]

WOW! Thanks for bringing this to my attention.

[@theMidsizeLebowski]

Thank you for highlighting this breakthrough Lex! I would not have realized that something so incredible had been discovered and how much potential a discovery like this holds unless an expert like you had called attention to it, thank you!

[@robv3872]

you are the best thing to happen to youtube in years! Love the podcast!

[@Im_Really_Jesus_4real]

This is where lex shines, excellent presentation

[@frankdavidson644]

Amazing accomplishment 👏. Unbelievable, Bless you all working on this 🙏

[@serconjonnington3542]

Fantastic listening to you as always. Really nice news format. Thanks for you videos.

[@KellenChase]

Thank you for this quick summary

[@StKrane]

Thank you so much for this video! I'm late to this fascinating and moving party that is your channel. It's growing on me very rapidly, though!

[@Baronvonbadguy3]

Great vid lex. Short and to the point.

[@lucha6262]

“Inspiring beyond words” that’s right!

[@kundodamyth]

Lex, I truly appreciate your work brother.

[@Huffelisa]

Thx for all the knowledge your spreading! Great video

[@solarwind907]

Really appreciate you sharing what you learn. Thank you very much!

[@kevinhenry7958]

Make more, these quick videos are Awesome.

[@alimohammed2750]

Enjoyable, great, and exciting videos, some of the best things the internet brought to us.

[@TimvonHahn]

Great summary. I do hope you make more like this

[@josephbrennan370]

Very useful. Please make more!

[@keitho9508]

Thanks Lex. Groundbreaking development explained in groundbreaking video. You're honest, passionate and we trust you. Thanks a lot.

[@arruhai]

Now it makes sense. Thanks Lex.

[@dragossorin85]

Researcers from DeepMind have the greatest contribution to this major achievement by finding the right approach for such a complex process to be sorted out

[@radus9190]

Keep doing this kind of videos. They are amazing!

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@lornabath6609]

Keep doing the videos Lex.. you are helping me to learn something new every single day..❤️❤️

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@algorithminc.8850]

Great video ... clear ... great topic ... and the correct message: "try to learn something new every day ..."

[@ianbloom4934]

This video is a great overview. I hope to see your coverage when the paper comes out. Thank you.

[@zoofway]

this was great lex!

[@56phil020244]

Fascinating video. Thank you.

[@ChampionRunner]

This I is what I was waiting for ❤️ thanks Lex , you are amazing. Waiting for your next video with self driving car model test and you playing a guitar. How do you manage all these things at same time is amazing. Keep rocking and keep hustling.🔥🔥🔥🔥

[@lucickian0yoz]

Thank you for this very nice presentation, Lex! Ted Chiang wrote a short story called "The evolution of human science" in which he tackled the idea of a future were AIs are so advanced scientists are rendered useless in the traditional sense. Won't give any spoilers, it's a very short one if you wanna search for it and read it. This AlphaFold achievement is huge!

[@rangv733]

These short videos are definitely useful Lex

[@Bluesky-xo1vu]

Yes, very helpful Lex, thank you!!!

[@colmtesticles]

Great video Lex! More please!

[@toddfoster77]

Excellent summary insight. Thanks for a guide thru this most complex field.

[@edisonsmith233]

Thank you so much Lex. You have explained this extremely well thank you

[@aheinstein291]

For someone who worked in a field related to xray crystallography hearing this announcement was both mindblowing and eery at the same time.

[@cyberneticbutterfly8506]

For a layperson: What is the next step now that the problem is "solved" ? What is "the thing that really really needs to not have an unneccesary bottleneck now" ?

[@d1agram4]

Do you happen to work with Quasicrystals?

[@gregh7457]

Ah ein Stein: If they've truly solved this problem, don't expect it to come cheap. deepmind was working with the uk national power grid to optimize power distrubution but, someone that wants to stay anonamous, from the uk power grid said this: "The money DeepMind was asking was outrageous,” the source said. “Most of their work is internal and they bill Google for it,” the source added. “They sell the work of their AI engineers at super inflated prices, and not at the price that the market values their output.” Needless to say, a deal was never reached.

[@Greg.92]

@@cyberneticbutterfly8506 The issue with all of this is - as was the case with crystal structures - that they show just what the name says; the situation in the crystal. Proteins are not a static thing. To perform their function they have to change in shape (extreme example DNA Pol opens and closes in a 40° angle between domains). So the next step is goin from crystal to solution. I'm not an expert on the computational side of things but I'd guess we're quite far off on that. Don't get me wrong, this is amazing and incredibly useful, but the next step is just as hard.

[@Squidlark]

@@Greg.92 So what you're saying is alphafold's breakthrough is only able to predict protein structure but not protein function? Can they now design new proteins or can they only predict structures of already existing proteins?

[@thewig70]

Great work. Thank you for doing this Episode.

[@Yoopless]

Love this sort of content, Lex, please do more

[@antonioemmanuelerenda8140]

@Lex Fridman Keep trying to scam people, fake Lex.

[@KaraNodrik]

Thank you for being an educator, Lex

[@meylaul5007]

I was waiting soooooo much on them to do it.

[@chun-weikong7086]

Thank you Sir! It is quite an inspiring topic. Love your clear explanation!

[@dirtrockground4543]

Thanks for the breakdown, Lex. I've been excited to read about what is coming out of the AlphaFold news but your breakdown, as usual, is the most entertaining and informative.

[@dirtrockground4543]

White Ness Not really sure what you're trying to say. Seems like there was a good breakthrough and I was excited to learn about it. What do you want me to doubt? Doubt that the problem is solved? I don't have the expertise for that. Let's hear what those experts have to say. Doubt that the solution will fix anything? Again, don't have the expertise for that, but it looks promising. If you have doubt, then get to work and let us know your perspective.

[@jlvandat69]

Holy Mother-of-all-A.I. developments, Batman! This is bigger than velcro. I mean, even for those of us with very limited cognitive skills can see this discovery certainly changes almost everything in life sciences. This was another superb video, Mr. Fridman, bolshoy spasibo ^10.

[@joey1772]

Thanks for the video Lex! I couldn't be more excited about this breakthrough. The profound implications for the future (years, not decades) of health really hit me in a deep way and make the AI revolution feel like it's well and truly underway.

[@gizgad567]

Lex do more of these videos my man! Great work!

[@deirdrewalsh4177]

Great explanation, thank you.

[@dylanbrusstar6646]

Dude, you’re smart. I just found your videos and love them. Ty