Disaster Management in Malayalam || Second Sem || Kannur University

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#disastermanagement
#flood
#landslides
#earthquake
#cyclone

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This essay tries to talk about different natural disasters that occur in the Indian subcontinent and the mitigation measures that are taken to reduce the impact of these natural hazards. The main focus is on natural disasters like floods, droughts, cyclones. earthquakes, and landslides. India is a country that is prone and vulnerable to natural disasters due to its topography and location. Disaster is an unavoidable element but the aftereffects of any natural or man-made disasters can be managed if there is a proper disaster management system. In a country like India, it is mostly post-disaster management that is implemented in the form of evacuations, search and rescue, firefighting, medical and psychiatric assistance, provision of shelter etc Human activities have increased the pace of the occurrence of natural disasters and these hazards can be overcome by taking preparations beforehand by forming a well-functioning warning system. Disaster management includes roles and activities that have to be done pre-disaster, during the disaster and post disaster. All these activities together help in the proper management of any disaster. Mitigation is another important element for reducing the negative impact of disasters. It is used to reduce the long-term effects on human life and property due to a natural hazard.Mitigation programs must include pre-disaster plan to provide faster recovery, measures to protect the natural and cultural properties of a locality. It also emphasizes the effective participation of Government, scientific community, NGO's and private sectors to reduce the effects of natural disasters. Floods are the most frequently occurring natural disaster in India mainly because of the non-uniform pattern of monsoon. The Ganga-Brahmaputra basins receive large quantity of water during the three monsoon months. But only 18 percent of this water reaches the dams and the rest flows into the seas resulting in the flooding of the rivers. There are several factors that cause flood. They are natural, ecological or anthropogenic (due to human activities) factors. Human activities like deforestation and shifting cultivation could lead to floods. There are several mitigation measures for floods. They are of two types- structural and non structural measures. Some of the structural measures are taking anti-erosion measures, improving the drainage system, construction of floodwalls etc. Some of the non-structural measures are flood forecasting, flood insurance, public health measures, relief activities etc. Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural hazards. It is the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions that have a higher risk of Earthquakes. This essay focuses on the rehabilitation measures and relief activities that were conducted after Gujarat was struck by an earthquake in the year 2001. The construction of shelters that would not be heavily affected by earthquake and the active participation of NGO's in the relief works are two important elements that have helped in the rehabilitation of the earthquake effected people. Many post-disaster measures taken by the government, Gujarat Woman's Economic Development Corporation and other NGO's have helped in strengthening the rescue and rehabilitation needs as well as in shaping future disaster management projects in Gujarat.India has a very long coast line and it is exposed to the tropical cyclones that are rising from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. The eastern coastline (near the Bay of Bengal) including the states of Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh, West Bengal are prone to cyclones. Tropical cyclones are large revolving whirlwinds in the atmosphere and they create intense low-pressure areas. They move from 300 to 5000 km per day over the ocean and they would take energy from the warm water in the oceans. This would increase their intensity. Cyclones can cause heavy rainfalls, strong winds and high storm tides. Some of the mitigation measures that can be taken are conducting public awareness programs, construction of concrete and permanent houses, installing early warning systems etc. Intensive construction activities have increased the frequency of the occurrence of landslides. Changes in the form or structure or vegetation or composition of mountains and slopes result in landslides. Some of the measures that can be taken to reduce landslides are reducing developmental programs that bring about a change in the topography, controlling soil erosion, preventing deforestation etc. Disasters must be managed efficiently in order to reduce the loss of life and property by providing early warning systems and by using mitigation measures to reduce its impacts.

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