DIY Electron Accelerator - Cathode Ray Tube

[@RetroHaul]

I think that if ppl are watching this to build one themselves, they dont need to get explained how you wash a bottle 😂

[@Broken-hu2mc]

no i had no clue how to get it that clean and it is for ppl like me

[@colleenforrest7936]

I just soak the glue in Basic H and it just wipes off. No knife required.

[@RetroHaul]

Nice project though

[@RetroHaul]

Broken well, i hope all went well for you

[@astronichols1900]

I just soak it in HF and then lick it

[@YodaWhat]

*There is actually a benefit to the high sputtering rate of the steel wire:* As the steel atoms get deposited on the glass, the vacuum is improved because *gas molecules get buried under and within the metal deposit.* Some of the best vacuum attainable _on Earth_ is created by a variation on this technique.

[@anthonyvolkman2338]

Quite amazing, I constructing a linear accelerator that will be using my superconducting magnets. I am making the digital muon detector as well.

[@engelsteinberg593]

Really?

[@engelsteinberg593]

If really, where I can get a custom model glass?

[@TheBackyardScientist]

Is that green glow from x-rays?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Honestly, I'm not sure what the green glow is from. I've tested for xrays just to be safe, and none were present.

[@WOODYGOSS]

+Gooferking Science +TheBackyardScientist You can't see x-rays. The green glow is from some electrons having such high momentum that they fly right by the anode and run into the glass, causing it to fluoresce. Thanks so much for making this! Extremely cool. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crookes_tube#How_a_Crookes_tube_works

[@alichank]

When we see The Backyar Scientist there is high chance that He will make it by himself

[@Harlem55]

You wouldn't see X-rays- they won't ever cause a "glow" because X-ray and Gamma Radiation are both well outside the visible light spectrum. Rather, a green-blue is most probably UV light.

[@AKHAN-no1bz]

Simple. Even tho there are no atoms present within the bottle. The high speed electrons strike the atoms of the glass, causing atoms to obtain an exited state (higher energy state). This then causes electrons from the atom to move between their different energy levels to cause emission of photons. Different colours mean. Different frequencies of light.. hence different energies carried by the photons.

[@PhunkBustA]

eucalyptus oil works real good for gettin at labels/stickers ect..

[@InnovationBlast]

If you want to make a display, you probably would need a diffusion/turbo molecular pump along with another vessel that can handle ultra high vacuum.

[@jeffwalter9750]

It would be so cool to visualize a double slit experiment in this; SO COOL

[@ninolatimer1863]

I was thinking the exact same thing the second I heard the workings of the cathode ray tube being the electron gun, and then the phosphor screen which glows upon an electron hitting. However you'd have to have a real precise electricity control in order to shoot only 1 electron at a time

[@Kystate]

Can you elaborate the procedure of this experiment? Like supply voltage, vacum pressure, the wire used.

[@flavioernst902]

@Adrian Valenzuela Here! i would like to have some informations. Why do the electrons make kind of a wave?

[@EzyExpress2bh]

Im building a particle accelerator for physics research task in the next week or two. I’ll be sure to ask u questions about things i don’t understand. IM EXCITED!

[@EzyExpress2bh]

You lol

[@fandamartin9516]

@Adrian Valenzuela Hi! I'm really trying to build my own electron accelerator, so if it's OK with you, could I have your email adress for some further and more detailed instructions?

[@starchief93]

@@flavioernst902 Wave particle duality

[@supershenron9162]

Instead of running warm water over the bottle to get to label off put hot water like scolding hot water inside the bottle and let it sit it helps sort of melt the adhesive so that you can just easily peel it off and all the residue comes off with the label

[@OttoNomicus]

Whatever it is, it seems to show the wave function of electrons. Looks like it set up some kind of standing wave. As Spock would say, fascinating.

[@Muonium1]

What's occurring is much more complex than that and the striations actually don't have anything to do with De Broglie particle-wave duality. The striations are caused by unbelievably complex interactions between electrons and free ions in the e field setting up standing acoustic waves in the residual gas.

[@ninolatimer1863]

​@@jacob7270 do you think if we put a phosphor screen at the end of the diy tube(like a crt tv) that we could control the electricity enough to shoot just one electron at a time with a double slit I front of the makeshift electron gun, and that when the electrons hit that phosphor screen will light up and over time give said interference pattern? I'd really love to make something like it but it would be cool to know if it's worth even trying I know controlling the electricity enough for one electron might be difficult or costly I assume

[@Neptunium]

Nice work! i know its not easy..keep it up!

[@omsingharjit]

4:08 what is the Absolute pleasure rating of this pump in micron ?

[@WillBurns]

For future reference, use Lighter Fluid to remove labels. It works amazingly well and quickly.

[@earthclad6833]

or wd 40

[@WillBurns]

True enough. My grandfather worked on antiques and we always used lighter fluid. It worked pretty quick

[@edgeeffect]

Or just plain ol' kerosene.

[@adamjessen2258]

Aluminum is a great conductor and so a good choice for the metal used, other than gold, then aluminum then copper, the best conductors of metals.

[@buddyengineer3029]

SThis is not a cathode-ray tube at all. You see ionization of air and water vapors. It is because of the ions of the residual gas you see sputtering. To do this experiment properly, you need a diffusion pump. After the tube is evacuated, there will be no glow and no current. You need to heat up your cathode, ideally a tungsten filament, which will result in an electron emission and measurable current. Still no glow will be visible. If the current in high enough, the anode may warm up and start glowing. I did these experiments in a vacuum chamber (JEOL vacuum evaporator).

[@ScienceMarshall]

Alexander Pozhitkov well it depends on how you define cathode ray tube. A cathode ray is a stream of electrons in a vacuum, and that is what is demonstrated here. You are correct that it doesn't have an electron gun or any of the components of a CRT TV, but it demonstrates the concept of cathode rays.

[@monstrous1555]

Alexander Pozhitkov He doest have any material to use bro, just let him

[@viseclips2621]

fucking nerd

[@arjunsidd7101]

Do you have a video explanation??

[@kazi6712]

@@viseclips2621 You're on a video explaining how to make your own electron accelerator calling people that're explaining further a nerd? lol

[@truths.stranger5454]

would a spiraling cathode tube create a cathode-magnetic field?

[@brettmoore3194]

Good job, put a coil around the neck of the bottle to squeeze the electrons into a beam.

[@ryankim2194]

Do you need a variac for this experiment? Sorry im a middle schooler trying to do this for my science fair. So far I have alligator clips, different metal wires, a vacuum pump, and an oil burner ignition transformer. What else do I need and are there any safety precautions I should be aware about?

[@BatMandor]

WHO COULD DISLIKE THIS?! OMFG THIS HUMANITY THEY"LL NEVER LEARN! WHERE CURIOSITY AND PASSION DRIVES PEOPLE WHO LIKE SCIENCE THE ONE WHO DISLIKED IT WELL JUST GO DIE

[@lmbros6932]

Jesus dude, I love science aswell but people shouldn’t die if they don’t like a similar interest than you...

[@LuisPerez-xc1yc]

is posible make a interferometr at home?

[@alext9067]

What would happen if the aluminum wire was not inside the bottle, but wrapped around the outside?

[@pinksoup5272]

Can You tell me the materials that needed ???Like what kind of diode and power source .Please!!I really want to do this

[@nickbriggs7477]

I wonder what the temperature was in the bottle neck while this device was running. And if it could be used for a purpose

[@TheSqoou]

Save time and be safer by drilling the hole before removing the label and glue. Another good trick is to completely fill the bottle with water by submerging right up to the glass' surface.

[@devakisingh1460]

Do you have to use glass or can one use plastic? Please reply

[@nickmuffin1722]

Plastic will melt and deform

[@vasr562]

Gooferking Science, How did you hook up your oil burner ignition transformer with your variac. Do you even need the variac ? I'm trying to do this project and having trouble with powering it up.

[@PakiNewsNetwork]

Bro, how much current in DC is required? and can i make vacuum in bottle with my mouth?

[@Wolfie_Rankin]

sticker removal: wet label, cover with cling wrap, let sit for an hour... peels off. works great for registration stickers on cars.

[@Studios2u]

what is the value of dc voltage applied?

[@3hxde]

Not that it matters in my case, but full bridge or half bridge?

[@julianbastian6723]

can I ask why did it start pink and eventually turn blue

[@robertnussberger2028]

can I use a bicycle air nipple piece instead? I want to be able to not have a vacuum attached while opperating it. Also, I want to know if converting an old bicycle manual pump would work to suck out the air. Would a manual bicycle pump work? I want to turn a clear corrona bottle into a television tube.

[@hongbinbin24]

Great video!

[@rrdoesgaming1584]

I might make this for a science fair

[@matthewargall6597]

Nicely done! If one attached a light bulb to the circuit, would it light up? Does current still flow through the circuit even though it is not essentially complete, and if so, why? Thanks for posting this, it's awesome!

[@andrewkhchan]

Super cool project...... won’t the rubber seal got melted by the heat?? Copper wire would do the trick right??

[@coldchickennoodles5575]

how can you make sure the electrons are accelerating?

[@FerzisCool]

What voltage would be needed?

[@JohnSmith-ut5th]

I can see this guy eventually getting a dot, then a green line, then a green picture, then a black and white picture, then a color picture, and eventually he will abandon the whole electron gun idea and just go with lcd, and maybe combine it with a phone... maybe even with a computer in it... that would crazy. We could call it a tv-phone-computer... no wait.... I've got it... a smartphone!!! Ship it!!!

[@adityamahajan2289]

Nice video, and it's working

[@jnsmts]

does anyone know what bottle was used here or have any suggestions for the bottle?

[@muntee33]

Only stopped to look at something off track to what im supposed to be doin. That was that good I subbed n will be back👍🏻

[@SodiumInteresting]

i think it is ionised gas molecules that do the sputtering not the electrons

[@rafaelthetall]

what would happen if you coat the bottom of the bottle with "mirror silver'?

[@Jkauppa]

why would you put the electrode inside the bottle? the electric field goes through the glass

[@Headpotatoes]

Could you use a Acrylic tube for this?

[@mattysanders2604]

Striations are known as Crook's or Faraday's dark space

[@mvherrick1566]

I have a van de graff generator that kicks out at lest 100,000 volts. Could I use that as a power source for your cat ray tube?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Most Van de Graff generators can’t produce much current. With this kind of load the voltage produced would drop to really low levels. I think using a transformer based power supply is the way to go for a CRT, but I’d be curious to see what would happen when a Van de Graff is hooked to it!

[@thumb6170]

Can I make it into a television?

[@Rainnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn]

What voltage do you need for it ??

[@suitkais7]

Around 10kv is optimal while still being safe

[@angluneenon]

1:28 is it me or does that bit look like a Philip's head if so, why you trying to cut glass with a Philip's head bit?

[@R462venom]

Would copper work better than aluminium?

[@huntercrozier128]

AeliosZero conductivity

[@eastofthegreenline3324]

Can you explain the striations? They seem to have a lot of structure. Nice video!

[@DrizzyD187]

Time for my science fair project

[@shivammathur1583]

How much power is needed to work with this and how much pressure ??

[@gunnerdavidson7287]

Is it radioactive?

[@yndom5332]

what are the wires he is using for the ignition transformer that are connecting to the bottle?

[@patrickparmer1648]

What would happen if you put the bottle in a magnet to covers all around?

[@waynewells1877]

If you insert that bottle inside a very powerful tubular shaped magnetic field will the beam be reduced down to a very thin light beam?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Wayne Wells I believe that it would.

[@aptonymic3014]

is tere any way to shoot the electrons right up into the sky?

[@dogodogo5891]

Is it same as cvd ?

[@milathecat5454]

Are you sure it's not due to the protective coating burning off the wire?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Yes. This wire has no coating and metal sputtering is a very well known phenomenon.

[@milathecat5454]

@@ScienceMarshall ah, I did this myself with and didn't have issues with the wire doing that, what do you think the reasoning is behind it not having the same effect on the glass?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Anna Hinly maybe you had different voltage and vacuum conditions. Also sputtering rate is material dependent, some metals sputter onto the chamber at a higher rate than others. I was using steel. I’ve also run this tube for long periods of time. Another hint that it is in fact the metal coating the walls is that it is fairly reflective.

[@milathecat5454]

@@ScienceMarshall I'm trying to make this smaller and hopefully be able to shoot the particles as a beam, could you help?

[@edenstice4921]

How to win every science fair

[@JeeterJuice]

edenstice so true

[@sandmaxluv]

now make a particle accelerator and create gold atoms

[@lukeskywalker283]

Alpha Beta Ha that's so correct 😁

[@spacediver99]

This is awesome. Got a question. Does the hose barb itself act as a cathode? And how come you don't need a filament to heat it up?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Space Diver Yep, the hose barb itself is an electrode. A filament isn't required because the pressure in this tube isn't extremely high. The resistance of the vacuum in the tube isn't high enough to need a heated filament.

[@spacediver99]

Thanks for the fast reply! So why do factory manufactured CRTs (which I'm assuming have even less resistance in their tubes than yours) require a filament then? Is it to do with the type of cathode they use? I know the standard explanation is that heat is required to induce thermionic emission, but I feel there's more to it than this, based on your video.

[@ScienceMarshall]

Space Diver the filament isn't necessary for the tube to work, it is used to increase the amount of electron emission. This makes it easier for a bright image to be produced with lower voltages.

[@spacediver99]

Understood, thanks, that makes sense. Thanks for making these videos. The plasma is a wonderful visualization of the magic of CRTs!

[@ScienceMarshall]

Space Diver You are welcome! I am glad you enjoy the videos. I find CRTs very interesting, I'm kind of obsessed with anything related to vacuum tubes.

[@actualyoungfarmer1078]

Thanks, now time to build the tau cannon from half life

[@manjulakarindi182]

Is it DC or Ac current

[@BeatTheGame]

What if it got stuck by lightning should it make the storm cloud

[@nickstark4030]

WOT?

[@luongmaihunggia]

No

[@HaloLegend159]

This is awesome. Is there any risk of radiation, ive heard particle accelerators can put off radiation.

[@ScienceMarshall]

The higher the operating voltage, the greater the risk from “bremsstrahlung” X-rays becomes. At these low operating voltages the radiation risk is next to nothing. One can keep a Geiger counter nearby to confirm that there are no X-rays escaping the chamber.

[@t.diddle7998]

I have my own personal protein accelerator. I just have to give it a back and forth polar motion, and it gains more and more energy until it eventually effuses outward with significant force and protein mass.

[@t.diddle7998]

And, chicks actually really dig this sort of particle(s) acceleration.

[@TheDaniel366Cobra]

Can this vacuum pump be used for making electron tubes?

[@grampachampa-1901]

How long did you leave the pump on for

[@arjunsidd7101]

can you explain briefly how you connect? please

[@sslredes]

Is there a way for me to do it with a 10Kv in output of a transformer without releasing x-rays particles (photons), with a smaller glass container. Thanks a lot and Congratulations!

[@sumerchaudhary1811]

It doesn't release x-rays. He has tested it and made sure that the photon's wavelength was not near an x-rays wavelength.

[@bepeplia5086]

I need this for reasons

[@shubhammeher5341]

Is it possible at home

[@likeyou3317]

Where is that plasma coming from? I knew that you can make plasma inside a microwave or a specific round tube with magnetic field, like fusion reactor, but how is that happening here? It's just an isolated vacuum with high voltage.

[@ScienceMarshall]

Like You The plasma is from gas in the tube being ionized due to the high voltage current.

[@sisyphus645]

Is it a 1-stage or a 2-stage vacuum pump?

[@moahammad1mohammad]

So how do you make it shoot the electrons at something as a particle beam?

[@samevans8922]

Mohammad M Electromagnets

[@Naitrio]

what if i used an erlenmeyer flask?

[@JoJo-uy2li]

Gooferking Science What are the primary voltage and current from the transformer and what are the secondary voltage and current

[@didid3ksa]

plz dude i need the background music name i love it

[@ClemoVernandez]

nice video,where did you get the transformer

[@ScienceMarshall]

I got it off of good old eBay :)

[@MrNavyman53]

Could I use a flyback transformer instead of an oil burner ignition coil?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Yes you could. Just be careful that it isn't putting out more than 15kV so your risk of generating x-rays stays as low as possible. Also, if the flyback doesn't have a HV rectifier, your output will be AC not DC. Just something to keep in mind.

[@MrNavyman53]

Thanks, one other question. What if I took epoxy and made a ring around where that wire went in for then anode, then poured a bunch of aluminum powder? Do you think it would make the discharge more uniform and reduce the random glowing at the edge?

[@awakeningtothespiritchanne8990]

But what does it do??

[@wavsunlimited]

What pressure does that pump go down to? I just bought a pump, but im not sure itl be strong enough of a vacuum.

[@edgeeffect]

I've tried loads and loads of substitutes for a proper vacuum pump and they all suck (excuse the pun) ... if you're thinking "is this good enough?" it's probably a sign that it's not good enough. I don't want to be a "nay sayer" - give it a try. BUT I've been trying to cheap out on a pump for years and after all this time, I may as well have saved my money and bought a proper one.

[@arf20]

Use a thermoionic filament Good video

[@altnrgaccount5466]

Is an electron accelorator the same thing as a particle accelorator? Anyone know?

[@altnrgaccount5466]

thanks

[@kingtitan5643]

AltNRG Account ur dumb

[@luongmaihunggia]

*accelerator Yes.

[@luongmaihunggia]

@Metalic Caterpilar *you're

[@caderlocke8869]

What causes the striations?

[@alexdefatte5202]

Under fucking rated!!!

[@printvoyageur4386]

add some phosphore ?

[@islamsaied4135]

Can i replace the oil burner with a step up transformer ??

[@josephgao4657]

Yes, there is little difference.

[@yoemeuunitoful]

Can something like this be made circular?

[@haiderali-he2lm]

+yoemeuunitoful yes it can be you can curve the beam using magnets

[@yoemeuunitoful]

+haider ali and what if it is in a full circle? I would imagine there are some real potential dangers?

[@erikhendrych190]

is that what they call sausage instability?

[@manudehanoi]

-how many volts and amps are used ? -why are there wavy pattern ? Are you sure the DC is fully rectified ?

[@manudehanoi]

***** i see no reason for standing waves here

[@ScienceMarshall]

manu de hanoi They are called striations. They are a phenomena associated with cathode ray tubes

[@DrigoElizarraraz]

Can I use copper rather than steel ?

[@ScienceMarshall]

Yes, but it will have even more of a sputtering effect. If you can use aluminum instead I would go with that. It has a lower sputtering rate than copper and steel.

[@DrigoElizarraraz]

thanks really helped

[@wavsunlimited]

What what pressure is the tube? Is it just regular air?

[@josephgao4657]

Ideally it would be a vacuum.

[@weesailfilms2724]

could someone put a link to a cheap vacuum pump?

[@weesailfilms2724]

i just found out you can rent one from auto parts store for free :)

[@ayushpandey2353]

Dc high voltage , how much

[@World_Theory]

So… Where does the acceleration of electrons come into play with this?

[@ScienceMarshall]

The high voltage potential accelerates the electrons to extreme speeds inside of the vacuum since there is little gas to hinder their movement.

[@wesleynelson3762]

u r dum

[@wesleynelson3762]

no Wesley u r dum