DNA Replication

Paul Andersen explains how DNA replication ensures that each cell formed during the cell cycle has an exact copy of the DNA. He describes the Meselson-Stahl experiment and how it showed that DNA copies itself through a semi-conservative process. He then explains how multiple enzymes, like DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, ligase, and single strand binding proteins copy DNA. He also differentiates between the leading and the lagging strand. He explains how DNA is anti-parallel in nature and how eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication.
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[@AmazingTNT]

you have saved my ap bio test grades more than once

[@bradclarke7874]

+P1tri0t If you can't keep up with the basics of DNA replication in class you may as well give up on any future in science-related education, lol

[@AmazingTNT]

+Brad Clarke um no need to be a douche i hate dna, but anatomy, viruses, bacteria, and macromolecules interest me and whos to say i dont understand it, Bozeman is an excellent study resource and thats what im referring to

[@person-wk2uf]

+Brad Clarke Lmao, your subscriptions don't exactly spell out " genius." Gtfo moron.

[@rockthepunchx9547]

Or just spend a little more time in understanding how it works. Not everyone is as clever as you are, some may need to put in extra hours or gain different perspectives on how things work and bozeman science does put things in a clearer perspective. If you are so clever and only need the classes, why are you here anyway?

[@jillian3047]

It's so cute how you just never responded to this, Brad! Really shows how much of a winner you are in life! :) Remind me again of your unfathomable brilliance?

[@josephcarnep4554]

Who else can't learn during class so they watch these videos at home?? Very thankful for Mr. Anderson's videos.

[@justinf6758]

My teacher is awful. Well known as a bad teacher in the school

[@ticklesmcbufffletrutter210]

What is their name? Mine is too

[@Brcnosaur]

its not that my teacher is bad, how do you expect to learn the whole process in 1 2 hour class? thats the point of studying and shit

[@Sagarikaze]

my teacher goes sdakdsbdlasb and everybody in the glass be like yes, and shaking their head \

[@pump.queenz]

Joseph Carnep 1 hour of learning and nothing is clicking this man spends 10 mins explaining and I learned everything

[@nomuscleasianman]

Two hour lecture in a 10 minute video

[@BOSSxGLITCHES]

you know it man. thank you for supporting our country!

[@ThabigT101]

So i showed my biology teacher this video now when we were learning about cells and DNA, and he literally added it to his slideshows You are awesome mr Andersen!

[@dragonsurge1]

Dude you are the science version of khan academy. Watching you vidios has made me feel much more confident about my upcoming science test.

[@alexaparrales530]

God bless you Mr.Anderson, you are such a great teacher and you know how to really explain things well.

[@unfaithful1034]

Aish thanks lol All my science teacher seem to like stretching out their lessons and then I just get lost in the middle. You make it short and sweet. I actually get it now. I got more from this than the 2 periods of class I got. (My teacher is good, it's just I get bored once the teacher starts to talk about something else or make their analogy too long and then i just stop listening altogether)

[@zaighamabbas2041]

same here............ i mean sometimes one is understanding perfectly but then the teacher(all respects and praises-not trying to be disrespectful) tells of a really messed up analogy and everything gets confusing

[@shosha1771]

I've been getting A's because of you man. Not everyone can be a science teacher. Thank you

[@antiiv11]

shadan hani glad I could help

[@sentientgarbages4435]

I just wanted to stop by and say thank you for making these videos. I am a college student going into neurochemistry, and I am starting my intensive classes this fall. I'm going through all these videos to help refresh my memory and study before classes begin, and your videos have been the most helpful. Your pace, explanations, and even comparisons are easy to understand for me and entertaining at the same time. Thank you for helping my academic journey be less stressful!

[@kengilleo7885]

As a retired organic chemist, I've become fascinated with molecular biology and have time to learn. Thanks, this is great stuff.

[@anshujoshi7842]

One of my favourite topic in biology

[@deepthireddyvasi2075]

watched tons of videos but couldn't get rid of ambiguity regarding DNA REPLICATION.but eventually now i got it in my mind..its all because of this guy. truly that was an A1 podcast...kudos!!

[@mishab7709]

I'm a freshman in college and I have my final in Biology for majors in two days, and I have been watching your videos nonstop! They are so helpful! Thank you!

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I'm a non-traditional med school candidate, and you are helping me sooooo much. When I'm a real doctor, I will make a HUGE donation to your efforts. Thanks for everything.

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I'm taking microbiology this summer. Super fast track, only 8 weeks. We fly through chapters like it's nothing. This helps a lot.

[@ProjecthalfDone]

Mr Anderson is an incredible individual, if you put the video on 2xs speed, he will talk almost as fast as my professor, couldn’t have gotten through classes without this guy.

[@rithy8686]

Thank you for existing~

[@camman1056]

You're the best genetics teacher on here, I'm at a decent uni and even they just resort to waffling on and on without giving many solid explanations.

[@CandeseMichael]

I wish the replication was conservative so it could be easier to study. Ugh!

[@louisegroton4722]

I like watching Crash course biology and then this because you go more in depth and I get a better idea of the subject. Thanks for helping me ace all my bio tests!

[@SirEshtri]

easier way to remember which end the stand is - "phosphates are phive ends"

[@SirEshtri]

***** I have another one to remember all steps of mitosis correctly - I Peed My Adidas Trainers or if you are dirty like me, I Poked Michelle's Ass Thoroughly

[@SirEshtri]

***** I just remebered trna is a bus aa is the passenger and the ribosome is the destination.

[@SirEshtri]

***** sry, I only have mitosis, I memorized replication by searching for video on youtube and looking over the notes then reciting the replication process without help, I repeated this 2-3 times a day.

[@biasuffi]

+Eshtri BEGIN = 5 letters, END = 3 letters

[@BeautiFuFu]

Your videos really help me. My bio professor doesn't lecture at all (which I don't get) he just does quizzes every class with iclickers. so im left to tech myself a whole coarse by reading a book. Reading doesn't really help me understand. Its like reading a book about how to solve algebra problems without really solving them, which is pointless. Your videos gives me the visuals/mini lectures I need to really understand.

[@IronIsSolace]

thank you so much for posting these Paul. this really helps those who are having trouble with bio because it feels more like a 1 on 1 teaching session, sort of like having a tutor, instead of a single teacher and a class of 40. keep up the good work!

[@cmatthews04]

I'm really surprised you're just a "Mr.". You have the knowledge of a Biology genius that has AT LEAST as a doctorate. Thank you so much for helping me understand in 10 minutes what my college professors have tried to teach in a month!

[@soccerchica303]

People like you are the ones who are keeping those like me who have horrid biology teachers alive. Thank you.

[@artin9999]

I watch your videos every day for my university biology course. Thank you so much. Your videos are amazing!

[@emilie027]

You are officially my hero! Thank so much for providing the clear-cut explanations I need with words that everybody that doesn't have a biology degree understands in just 10 minutes! I think you have helped countless desperate students, so please, keep it up :D!!

[@leverdo1166]

All your videos are great to learn in an easy and simple approach.A little correction for the picture at 4:59: In eukaryotic DNA polymerase, Pol ε (epsilon) is to extend the leading strand during replication, therefore Pol δ (delta) in the picture should be Pol ε (epsilon). Pol α (alpha) in the picture could be right polymerase on the lagging strand as Pol α starts replication elongating the primer with ~20 nucleotides. But, if it is more than 20 nucleotides, Pol δ (delta) primarily replicates the lagging strand, therefore Pol α (alpha) in the picture might be replaced by Pol δ (delta) as well

[@PortalRhyme]

My guy posted a video 9 years ago, and he’s still helpin people today

[@paramsengar8716]

I have an exam on this tomorrow, bless your soul Mr. Andersen thank you so much

[@Reiko29DBS]

glad you mentioned the backstory on the Okazaki's it's touching and I've been taking biology long enough that I'm shocked that I'm just now learning about it

[@pereivind4369]

I am having my oral biology exam tomorrow. I was reading my book all day and yesterday. Felt hopless... So I went on to youtube to chill out a bit and then I see DNA Replication.. I looked out all the tapes and I learned more from you then I learned from my book... And english isnt even my mother language.

[@yashdeshpande2733]

Hats off to you, Mr. Anderson. You've got a ton of knowledge on all life sciences! And more of course.

[@princepawka]

Mr Anderson you have solved the puzzle, 5' to 3'.. Amazing Videos you have. Bless you.

[@caniko2]

IMPORTANT FOR ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. The model figure of the DNA replication mechanism in eukaryotes is wrong: DNA polymerase alpha is supposed to be DNA polymerase delta; DNA primase is supposed to be DNA polymerase alpha; DNA polymerase delta is supposed to be DNA polymerase epsilon. You are welcome.

[@milenpatel]

OMG!!!! U LITERALLY SAID 3 WORDS AND I FINALLY UNDERSTOOD EVERYTHING! GO MR. ANDERSON!!!

[@mariahnicole5332]

Currently watching some of his videos and crocheting at the same times. His videos are so great

[@anthonybaron9710]

I don't understand how one 3 weeks of biology confusion can be solved by one video? THANK YOU BOZEMAN!!

[@starwarfan8342]

maybe you need a video to explain why videos explain things

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This guy is a middle school teacher? I go to one of the biggest universities in the US and these videos help me out!

[@emmasanderson8543]

Awesome video! You explain complex concepts in a non intimidating yet still informative way!!! Your teachings on biology chemistry and physics have helped me out alot through ny entire high school career thank you so much!

[@sandraloza-avalos7747]

better than my professors. thank you so much. I'm watching all of your videos to review for my exams.

[@Aditi_1319]

this thing took tons of videos to learn but i still can't get it...and now after visiting here it's no brainer...thank you professor... :)

[@britty7298]

i dont know if you realise this or not, but you haved saved so many peoples grades in biology, including mine. cant thank you enough

[@oO8faith8Oo]

studying for my third year molecular biology exam and this is awesome!!!!!

[@sccm100]

5:14 Question. Helicase unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds right?

[@johnl2956]

correct

[@blackghost4823]

late but right.

[@Gmccord70]

Mr. Anderson, thank you so much for your videos! You are a God-send! I learn more from your videos than I do from my book.

[@sindoosawel4507]

You just saved me from an hour of deciphering a chapter in my textbook. Thanks!

[@GeneticsLessons]

Actually every strand can be leading and lagging strand simultaneously on opposite sides from The ORI site. For better understanding it is always better to explain using replication bubble then only one replication fork.

[@acezou4929]

Mr. Anderson, You are my Hero. Thank you so much.

[@mahips6045]

i was stuck with this dNA for the last 1 week ... thankyou sir ..( MR.Andersen .) " u r a proffesional "

[@cassandcon]

So good man! Well done. Best tutorial video I have seen yet on transcription. 10/10

[@youngchase3636]

very complicated, complex process, but thanks to you sir i can understand it a bit. Thank You very much!

[@liddlemissasian]

Your videos always save me! They're always so clear and direct! ^_^

[@macxxfe]

Thank you very much. So clear explanation. And thanks for your clear pronunciation. Gracias. Saludos desde Argentina.

[@KendahlLandreth]

You are so helpful and an amazing teacher! Thank you so much!

[@benhunziker9448]

Bozeman Science This was a helpful video except for a confusing section where you say that the Helicase enzyme basically unwinds the double helix- from what I know (which isn't much) I'm pretty sure topoisomerase is responsible for the unwinding of the DNA molecule ( the large green ring ) while helicase enzyme breaks apart the Hydrogen bonds connecting the nucleotides?

[@IamBojo007]

The untwisting of the double helix causes tighter twisting in the double helix. Topoisomerase helps relieve that stain by breaking, swiveling and rejoining DNA strands.

[@francoiseduguet6518]

It's cool cause you use easy word so even i'm french i can get everything you say. Thanks you very much

[@nicolehildebrandt4547]

In DNA Replication, DNA is made from 5' to 3' and read from 3' to 5'. In Transcription, mRNA is made from 5' to 3' and read 3' to 5'. In Translation, mRNA is read by the ribosome from the amino end to the carboxyl end and read from 5' to 3'.

[@barelyjesus1091]

Best channel for learning it helped me study my biology lesson

[@tenjintsuyu3321]

this was EXTREMELY helpful, thank you so much! i was so confused in class, but everything makes sense now :D

[@jerseyboy22000]

Nice job Mr. Anderson, Keep making the videos, they are a great help from a students point of view

[@Wasabillama]

Mr.Anderson you always say, I hope it was helpful, your videos are always helpful. :)

[@Noxolo_11]

how i wish you wEre the one teaching life science in NCHU, YOU JUST MADE THIS THING SIMPLE

[@wendylin2449]

Good luck on tmrs test guys!!!

[@maximus354]

You too!

[@kyleeconseen2779]

Your video on dna helped me understand so much and know I'm watching this on for my science presentation and hopefully I go to state

[@maximus354]

Dude! You are my AP Bio hero!

[@MattyHawkHCF]

These videos are extraordinary. Thank you so much for what you do.

[@NiteshBahekar]

Beautiful explanation! How does the mutation happen then? And in humans, it is said that mutation happens in alternate generations, why alternate?

[@sun_showers_6104]

so i don't pay attention in class anymore. i just watch these vids and hope for the best.

[@kellyandrews6094]

Thank you sooooooo much. Your videos are super helpful and really help me to understand (and pass) college Biology :)

[@AB-uj6ej]

Seriously ur videos always help so much thank u and keep up the good work

[@Angelicmey]

your channel is very helpful, and this video helped me understand the concept. Thank you.

[@meryemgokturk]

+‫مريام‬‎ :) my name is meryem tooo how awkward

[@Angelicmey]

No it's not awkward:) Hello to you:)

[@MlleSiCMaricela]

Oh my gosh this explains sooo much better. I'm a visual learner so this is better than reading it from the book xP

[@DoctorStyle22]

You saved my understanding for this

[@annika6935]

night before ap exam vibes!!

[@srikarchundru7596]

Thank You, Mr. Anderson

[@loizoueva]

His cartoon for replication is wrong and also some things he says there. 1. DNA pol α is the primase in eykaryotes and not the replicative plymerase. The replicative polymerases are DNA polymerase δ for the lagging strand and DNA polymerase ε for the leading strand. 2. The helicase looks like a ring and not a triangle as it encircles the lagging strand. 3. DNA ligase does not remove the RNA primers but ligases the DNA fragments that were removed by RNase H, Fen-1 and were replaced by DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes and DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotes.

[@ChukMane14]

stfu

[@nicolebramlitt176]

quick question: I noticed in the graphic used at 7:30 ish that DNA Pol delta is synthesizing the leading strand. Isn't it that DNA Pol delta does the lagging strand and DNA Pol epsilon does the leading strand? I understand that this is still being researched, however I want to check my understanding. Thank you for helping!

[@ClaireV95]

mine doesn't either. hated by all parents + students. love mr. anderson for helping me pass my exams next month.

[@feliciamol]

DNA replicates in the 3' to 5' direction of the ORIGINAL strand and 5' to 3' in the new strand (antiparallel direction).

[@itsmehoneycomb]

You forgot Topoisomerase, which untangles and straightens out the DNA.

[@spideylover4105]

Minor point but it's not really correct to say helicase unwinds the helix. Topoisomerase unwinds, helicase unzips.

[@diegamos]

I love you. Where were you at the beginning of my second semester for biology?

[@deepthibadam4177]

u make things easier...I like the way u teach!!!

[@gayanejamgotchian6936]

when I found out why it's called 5' to 3' my mind was blown. Makes so much sense now

[@Hajest]

Thank you, once again, for helping me in Biology

[@qwertyuioperschmi]

This was very helpful for my bio exam! Thanks!!

[@stagehits]

Amazing video, fantastic revision.

[@jantines6840]

Thanks for your video's, they are very clear and helpful and they helped me a lot!

[@FirstClassBanshee324]

Thank you Mr. Anderson!!

[@kentheman7321]

u didnt mention DNA polymerase 1, which replaces the RNA primers with DNA molecules but it's fine good video

[@prabinagurung9564]

thank you Mr Anderson

[@adriwink]

Lol honestly physics and pre ap bio grades have been brought up thanks to you. Thank you!!!! 😊

[@TXJianli]

should the leading strand use Pol epson instead of delta in your slide?

[@jaceylewis1267]

This is so much rich knowledge! Thank you sooooooooooooooooooooooooooo much for your help!

[@sameerav1988]

the best science learning videos i ever came across!!! thank u so much sir for ur support and effort for us.. :) one more new sub for ur channel! :)

[@tb2748]

On the leading strand, does RNA primase need to put down a strand of RNA before DNA polymerase goes over to create new nucleotides? Or is no RNA primase necessary for the leading strand?

[@Alexandra-sd4yy]

How did the scientists found how helicase and DNA polymerase work??! How can you prove the process??

[@BouBoow]

thank you, thank you, thank you Mr. Anderson!

[@leverdo1166]

By the way, Barbara Gibson put this video as "edited version of Paul Anderson's video on DNA structure and replication" with 271 subscribers. Does she have your permission?

[@jayho4775]

Thanks a lot~~ It's really help me out~~