Does Pressure Keep the Deep Ocean From Freezing?

[@luxmiyu]

been a while since a minutephysics video was a minute long

[@Y2Kvids]

2017 may 20

[@bigjdcvg6262]

10s intro, 30s ad outro, 1m video

[@backwashjoe7864]

It’s been a minute, yeah.

[@impendio]

It’s been quite a minute since

[@David-ty6my]

The ad is in the end, you can just leave, you know that?​@@Ge0Ken

[@blackdew2]

While the pressure doesn't really keep the water from freezing, it can keep it from boiling! There are deep ocean heat vents and volcanos that can have water stay liquid at temperatures of 300-400C because of the pressure, and can become supercritical above that.

[@EebstertheGreat]

Some bacteria have even adapted to live in water well over 100 C, including a few that can grow and divide inside autoclaves at 121 C. (However, they will die at such frigid temperatures as 90 C.)

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

@@EebstertheGreat I'm going to hazard a guess that they don't necessarily die at 90 `C, but just go dormant. That's what a lot of bacteria do at temperatures too low for growth, at least for a while. And the time for them to die off isn't all the same -- I generally consider E. coli plates to be no good after 3 months at 4 `C, because the viability gets really low, but in an emergency I have successfully recovered a subset E. coli strains that were on plates at 4 `C that nobody thought to cryopreserve properly after roughly 1.5 years. Only a subset, though, so it's definitely not something you want to count on. And then some other bacteria die off faster than that at 4 `C: Acinetobacter, Legionella, and Pseudomonas, for instance -- these seem to stay good for only 2 to 3 weeks at 4 `C. These are all organisms with optimum growth temperatures somewhere in the general vicinity of 37 `C, so I figure Strain 121 would probably be okay for a couple of weeks at 90 `C, and maybe an even longer time. And Wikipedia lists Methanopyrus kandleri as being able to grow all the way from 84 `C to 110 `C or 122 `C depending upon which part of the article I look at.

[@lordfeish1927]

‼️hydrothermal vent mention

[@Ebani]

@@EebstertheGreat Sterilization recomendations are to use at least 300 C on autoclaves tho

[@EebstertheGreat]

@@Ebani According tot he CDC, typical autoclave temperatures are 121 C (250 F) and 132 C (275 F) with pressures of at least 15 psi (103 kPa) above atmospheric. It should be similar in metric countries. Strain 121 is specifically named for its ability to replicate in 121 C autoclaves.

[@kicorse]

Oceanographer here. Good summary. For anyone who wants to understand a bit more about the reasons why the ocean doesn't freeze below the top few metres: 1) Seawater that is below the surface has no way of losing heat to the atmosphere, and the ocean does not lose heat to the Earth's crust. (It actually gains a minuscule amount of heat from the crust - negligible compared with heat exchange with the atmosphere). 2) Therefore the only way to freeze the ocean would be to gradually form a thicker and thicker layer of sea ice from the surface down. (Or freeze onto an ice-sheet that's flowing into the ocean, but this could only happen near the coast). 3) The timescale for this to happen would be many thousands of years, so even in the small fraction of the ocean that has surface sea-ice cover all year, there is plenty of time for input of warmer water from lower latitudes to prevent it. 4) Just to make freezing the ocean even harder, when sea-ice forms, it ejects brine into the ambient water, which lowers the freezing point and inhibits further freezing. A layer of sea-ice also has an insulating effect, which slows heat loss to the atmosphere. 5) The pressure effect on the freezing point would start to be relevant if there were 100+ metre thick sea-ice in the ocean, but there aren't. It does have a significant effect on the freezing point under Antarctic ice shelves though. P. S. Besides the direct effect of pressure on the freezing point, there is also an indirect pressure effect, which is that increasing the pressure of seawater causes it to warm, making it even more difficult to freeze. The same thing happens in air, and it is an extremely important for climate - e.g. it explains why mountains are cold. In seawater it's more of a minor detail because water is only slightly compressible - but it's a fun one. P. P. S. In case anyone is wondering why I didn't mention the release of latent heat during freezing in 4), it's much less important than brine rejection. EDIT: There's a misconception in the replies that seawater is at maximum density a few degrees above the freezing point. This would be true of freshwater. At seawater salinities, however, water is at its densest at the freezing point.

[@hape3862]

All this is irrelevant, as even smaller and shallower freshwater lakes do not freeze. The only reason why no body of water deeper than a few meters freezes is the anomaly of water. It does not have its highest density in its solid state, but at +4°C. Ice therefore floats and +4°C “warm” water sinks to the bottom. PS: Water cannot be compressed, so it does not heat up under pressure - unlike air and other gases.

[@kicorse]

@@hape3862 Seawater, unlike freshwater, has its maximum density at the freezing point. Everything I wrote would still be relevant even if this were not the case though. Water is indeed compressible, just much less compressible than air. I recommend you google "compressibility of seawater". If you are interested in a more technical treatment, there are many peer-reviewed papers you can find such as "Compressibility of distilled water and seawater" (Bradshaw and Schleicher, 1976), "The compressibility of seawater from 0 to 95 °C at 1 atm" (Millero and Huang, 2011), or you can read up on the equation of state.

[@yourcrazybear]

@@hape3862 Yeah. It's strange that the video didn't even mention this crucial fact.

[@hape3862]

@@yourcrazybear Yes, water pressure is always described as “crushing” and incredibly high and therefore somehow interesting. But in reality, water pressure is only interesting (and dangerous) when air is involved, like in our lungs or in flimsy submarines built by stupid billionaires. Fish don't feel water pressure, just like we don't feel air pressure (unless we're moving up or down). - So perhaps the question posed in the video is somewhat understandable, but the real answer was not given.

[@richinoregon]

One additional point, when the temperature of the water drops below about 3 deg above the freezing point, its density DECREASES causing it to rise. You have to cool the whole column of water to the freezing point to freeze the water on the bottom of the ocean.

[@ewerybody]

0:48 weird smiley 🥴

[@N0Xa880iUL]

😂

[@Cats-TM]

Yeah, I was thinking that exact thing.

[@Nuke_Skywalker]

because he talks so goddamn fast

[@solandri69]

OTOH, pressure does keep the deep ocean from boiling. When the submersible Alvin first discovered hydrothermal vents, the scientist on board kept telling the pilot to get closer. The pilot was moving closer and happened to glance at the temperature readout for the probe on the arm in front of the viewing window. It was over 350 F (over 175 C). The high pressure was preventing the hot water from boiling. He quickly backed away. Alvin's viewports were made of acrylic, not glass. Acrylic melts at 320 F (160 C).

[@user-sl6gn1ss8p]

I sure hope they had some spare underwear

[@OpDDay2001]

So... It isn't that pressure doesn't keep deep seawater from freezing but that it doesn't have to and, if it did, it would only do so up to a point.

[@mathis8210]

The video had terrible reasoning. He just asserted that salt is responsible without reason, when its actually both.

[@sophiusdynami3401]

Actually, I wish you had also mentioned why this is a very special property of water. The freezing point of most Liquids increases as the pressure increases.... If water was an ordinary liquid we would have had solid water in deep oceans.

[@bgdgdgdf4488]

"Special" "most"

[@jort93z]

Isn't that already taught in schools?

[@EebstertheGreat]

You can get water to freeze from the bottom up if you cool it from below. But lakes and oceans are cooled from above, so they freeze from the top down. This also holds for other liquids.

[@meerkatman2289]

@@bgdgdgdf4488Water is SPECIAL because it is *different* from MOST liquids

[@bgdgdgdf4488]

@@meerkatman2289 if you're only different from "most", you're not special. Water is not special or unique.

[@curious_one1156]

Minute-physics to "Seconds"-physics: Freezing depends on: 1. Pressure 2. Temperature 3. Dissolved ions (salinity). And there are no points on Earth's oceans where these 3 cause freezing; not even at its deepest point.

[@yadt]

The Arctic Ocean may disagree.

[@soyanshumohapatra]

P1/n1T1 = P2/n2T2

[@yourcrazybear]

"And there are no points on Earth's oceans where these 3 cause freezing; not even at its deepest point." The deepest point would be the last place to freeze.

[@volovodov]

What does your minimum average reading speed have to be for this to actually be second-physics, though?

[@zutaca2825]

@@yadtas may the Antarctic ice sheet

[@aoxc61]

When water gets colder it gets denser but only down to 4 degrees centigrade. Therefore the densest water is at the bottom and is 4 degrees celsius. When it gets colder than 4c then it gets less dense and therefore starts rising until it gets to freezing and then Ice floats.

[@yourcrazybear]

Yeah. It's strange that the video didn't mention this crucial fact.

[@zutaca2825]

That’s true for fresh water, but not for seawater, because of the salt. Salt water is most dense right before it freezes.

[@deheavon6670]

Also keep in mind that the deep oceans can only be as cold as the water that sinks down near the poles. That's a result of simple thermodynamics - since there's heat coming from below and from above, as little as it is, it would have warmed deep water to the average surface temperature in time since the depths have no way of losing said heat. So in warmer epochs, the deep oceans are significantly warmer than they currently are.

[@johnchessant3012]

minutephysics? more like- oh wait, it is actually a minute this time

[@Legionaire42]

I appreciates the smiley face in the water flow image.

[@zahraelok5932]

I love your animations! Adding this channel right next to Lead Learn Leap. You guys have similar animated videos with informative knowledge ^^ Love it

[@alejandrogallego9122]

For me, it is quite counterintuitive that increasing pressure can make water liquid, I thought it would solidify it "more" (in fact I have checked the phase diagram of water xd), very interesting!

[@NYKevin100]

This is because water is weird and expands when you freeze it, unlike "most" substances that contract when you freeze them. Ultimately it's due to hydrogen bonding between the water molecules. If you check the phase diagram, you'll see that the solid-liquid boundary is nearly a straight vertical line, but has a very slight angle up and to the left. (Technically, water expands as it cools below 4 °C, but it expands quite a bit more when it freezes.)

[@alejandrogallego9122]

@@NYKevin100 so water loses density when it freezes, but by increasing the pressure we also increase its density, counteracting the effect of temperature and preventing the change of state from liquid to solid, isn't it?

[@Rigel_6]

When dealing with physics - if something seems like an intuitive, easy answer - it's not the answer, and the real way things happen is unintuitive as hell, but that's how it works

[@AveragePearEnjoyer]

​​@@alejandrogallego9122 water's density barely changes at all due to pressure. Thats why its called an incompressible fluid. Water at the bottom of the Marianas trench is only about 5% more dense.

[@EebstertheGreat]

At very high pressures, that intuition holds. You form a very densely-packed solid ice that is denser than liquid water at the same pressure. But packing water molecules that tightly turns out to be energetically unfavorable, and the crystal structures that form at low pressures are actually less dense than liquid water. This is mainly because the awkward bonding angle of water doesn't allow for the most efficient packings, and that in turn is because of the two lone pairs.

[@ezfactz-3]

The Deep Ocean and Pressure's Effect on Freezing Point In the deep ocean, extreme pressure significantly alters the behavior of water, including its freezing point. Here’s an in-depth look at how pressure affects the freezing point of seawater in the deep ocean: 1. Pressure and Freezing Point Depression Freezing Point Depression: Under high pressure, the freezing point of seawater decreases. In the deep ocean, where pressures can exceed 1000 atmospheres (atm), the freezing point of seawater can drop well below 0°C (32°F). This phenomenon is known as "pressure-induced freezing point depression." The pressure effectively lowers the temperature at which seawater freezes. 2. High-Pressure Phases of Ice Ice Phases: At the immense pressures found in the deep ocean, seawater can form different crystalline phases of ice, known as high-pressure ice phases. These include Ice VI and Ice VII, which are stable at pressures much higher than those found at Earth's surface. Ice VI and VII are denser and have different structural properties compared to the common Ice I (regular ice). 3. Salinity and Freezing Point Salinity Influence: The freezing point of seawater is influenced by its salinity. In the deep ocean, where salinity can vary, the presence of salts further lowers the freezing point. Combined with high pressure, this results in an even lower freezing point than in less saline or surface waters. 4. Pressure Effects on Water Density Density Changes: High pressure increases the density of water, which affects how it behaves thermodynamically. In deep-sea environments, the increased density due to high pressure means that even though the freezing point is lower, the water remains in a liquid state until it reaches extremely low temperatures. 5. Supercooling in the Deep Ocean Supercooling Phenomenon: Due to high pressure, water in the deep ocean can remain in a supercooled liquid state even below its normal freezing point. Supercooled water can remain liquid at temperatures below 0°C, and only when disturbed or when ice nuclei are introduced does it freeze. This phenomenon is significant in understanding the dynamics of ice formation in deep-sea environments. 6. Ice Formation and Seawater Chemistry Ice Crystallization: When ice does form under high-pressure conditions, it can influence the chemical composition of the surrounding seawater. For instance, as ice forms, it excludes salt, making the surrounding liquid slightly less saline. This process, called "brine exclusion," affects the local density and pressure conditions in the ocean. 7. Deep-Sea Exploration Implications Engineering Challenges: Understanding pressure effects on freezing is crucial for designing deep-sea exploration vehicles and instruments. These devices must withstand extreme pressures and temperatures, and engineers need to account for the unique properties of water and ice in these conditions. 8. Oceanic Ice Formations Subsurface Ice: In certain high-pressure and low-temperature regions of the ocean, such as around hydrothermal vents, unique ice formations may occur. These formations can include "clathrates" or gas hydrates, where water molecules form a lattice structure trapping gas molecules like methane. This knowledge highlights how pressure not only affects the freezing point but also the structure and behavior of ice in extreme deep-ocean environments. These effects are crucial for understanding oceanic processes and the adaptations of life in these harsh conditions.

[@BeretGuy3]

minutephysics are really living up to their name with this one!

[@christophas]

Lovely video. I liked that you got straight to the point and explained the details afterwards.

[@TrogdorBurnin8or]

A more relevant question would be - what energy sink would cool the deep oceans?

[@Ilamarea]

It's actually fascinating that we are only a couple of degrees away from our oceans being frozen... What would happen if they did freeze, and what's stopping it from freezing? I suppose the surface would need to be much colder for Oceans to freeze so it wouldn't be an isolated event so to speak, but can geothermal heat keep the oceans from freezing? And what about a place like Europa, which supposedly has liquid water underneath the ice? How's that possible?

[@LiteRaRally-vd5tf]

Yeahhhh he's backkk😊

[@FourthRoot]

It doesn't happen in the ocean, but it does occur in Lake Vostok.

[@David_Last_Name]

New management said "We are MINUTEphysics. Make the content ONE minute!!" 😁

[@aleattorium]

I love the old school pre-shorts 1min videos!

[@primenumberbuster404]

We need a thermodynamics series!!!!!

[@mekingtiger9095]

"Everything will eventually die out forever and no new life will be born ever again. The end." There you go.

[@primenumberbuster404]

@@mekingtiger9095 lol ;)

[@puellanivis]

Also, the bottom of a lake is usually around +4 °C as well, because that’s the temp at which it is the most dense. So the same convection and currents things keeps lakes at about 4 °C as well.

[@yourcrazybear]

Yeah. It's strange that the video didn't mention this crucial fact.

[@deheavon6670]

It depends on the lake---it needs to see at least part of the year at 4° C or below on the surface for the bottom to be that cold.

[@Helperbot-2000]

oh yeah, i remember learning that in like 4th grade or something, but not why. glad i spent my memory on that instead of useful things like math and language

[@EebstertheGreat]

@@yourcrazybear the video was focusing on the ocean, and saltwater has a different density curve. You can see it online: look at a graph with isopycnals and draw a vertical line. You can see that decreasing temperature is always correlated with increasing density when at any constant salinity in the range found in seawater.

[@TooSlowTube]

There's a post by an oceanographer, further up the page, who explains that being densest at 4C only applies to fresh water, and that sea water is densest at its freezing point, as @EebstertheGreat said, due to the salinity.

[@user-yw9mw9hv8o]

Funny to consider: the water at the bottom of the ocean might freeze once brought to the surface. Of course that depends on the Pressure and Temperature down whereever that is, which is why in oceanography work with properties like potential temperature or conservative temperature.

[@ArgonZavious]

So i misread the phase diagram and was wondering why water isn't ice 4 at 368 atm ( doesn't change for like another 200 )... Betcha we have some deep-sea caves full of ice 4 tho

[@stanislasbertrand8679]

The 4°C to 0°C at the bottom of the ocean probably has a corelation with water density. Water is denser around 4°C. Not sure how salinity plays there. Pretty cool else lakes may freeze bottom up ...

[@ashritsai3744]

The salt ions get in between the regular hydrogen bonds and do not allow the water molecules to consolidate into a solid, as a result the salt water has to undergo more temperature reduction in order to freeze

[@Zpajro]

Thank you, this was a nicely made video

[@erikziak1249]

So we could run a pressurized light water reactor at "ambient pressure" in the deep ocean. Not only the temperature of freezing, but also the temperature of boiling changes with pressure. The reactor vessel could be a lightweight, thin sheet of metal, practically separating the radioactive water from the surrounding water. No complicated and possibly leaky heat exchanger needed. But having a light water nuclear reactor at such depths would remain impractical.

[@laskey2175]

Great video!

[@stjernis]

Short and sweet. Love it.

[@johnathanclayton2887]

In the distant past when the ocean salinity was lower, would the deep ocean have been able to freeze?

[@harryxiao2401]

Love the video!

[@cepavrai]

Can you please show down the speech speed a little bit (like 10%) , it's quite challenging to non native English speakers. Thanks

[@Rkcuddles]

Wait how come it doesn’t get colder down there? This was so unsatisfying!

[@TheOtherSteel]

Yes! A minutephysics video! [Happy dance.]

[@crackedemerald4930]

how deep would you need to go to freeze water from pressure?

[@General12th]

Hi Henry!

[@AngryDuck79]

I was taught that water's density maxes out at 4C so the water at the bottom of any reservoir is going to be warm enough to stay liquid, regardless of other factors. As long as, you know, it's not Europa or something.

[@leggomuhgreggo]

[Video Request] Thermalization vs Radiative Heat Transfer Models

[@divideby000]

Nice and concise. That gets a like.

[@RickGGb1]

"For complicated reasons"

[@Homer-OJ-Simpson]

I got so use to minute videos being 3-5 min that I left this wasn’t a minute video!

[@jaridkeen123]

If it did freeze lets say. Would it then float? If it does, would it grow as it floated up?

[@Yilmaz4]

if it was a large piece such that the upward force generated by the pressure difference between the top of the piece and the bottom of the piece is enough, i suppose yeah

[@PerMejdal]

And sponsorblock just skippered 32% of this video :-).

[@luketurner314]

0:50 could we please get a link in the description to that other video if we wanted to go back and rewatch it? I couldn't find it on my own

[@smugbowkid9919]

Actual minute physics, crazy

[@lonelyPorterCH]

Interesting, didn't expect the water down there to be so "warm"^^

[@TheMathObjectShow]

great video

[@TheBrad574]

Thank you Schrodinger physics cat for giving a definite answer.

[@orusanen]

I found the answer incomplete. The reason water near sea bottom is 4C is because at that temperture it is maximum density (fresh water). Frozen water floats. Another point is that during ice age, ice actually melted due to pressure at the bottom on huge layers of ice. That allows ice to move, which eroded mountain tops for example in Finland. Thats why Finland is nowadays called the country of a thousand lakes.

[@mathis8210]

The answer was also terrible argued. He just prioritized salinity before pressure, without any reason. The actual answer is "yes, but salinity also does", because pressure alone is enough. If both were needed it would be "yes, but only together with salinity". At no point is there any reason for the answer to be "No".

[@absentmindedjwc]

Also worth noting that salinity changes in areas of frozen surface water. For instance, in the arctic, under an ice floe, the liquid water directly below the ice has salinity levels sometimes several times that of typical sea water. Not quite the same topic as deep water pressure, but a note that water salinity changes - it isn't always uniform - and is a reason why the coldest areas don't freeze solid.

[@AndrewKay]

You could make the same video asking: "does salt keep the deep ocean from freezing?" and the answer would be "no, because the pressure means even fresh water wouldn't freeze there". Either is sufficient to prevent freezing, but it's not very sensible to say therefore that neither is an explanation. It seems like the pressure lowers the freezing point about five times as far as the salt does, though.

[@Soilderith]

we need more vidsss

[@mitchv.7492]

No video for a month (3 other months the one before) for a 1:41 video, which a third is a sponsored ad talking about maximizing Airbnb's profits and skips all the interesting details ?!? I'm so confused...

[@KungFuKenobi]

It's called minute physics

[@mitchv.7492]

​​​@@KungFuKenobi Thank you Capitan Obvious, it was like that over 10 years ago, most others videos nowadays are 4 minutes and don't feel rushed to meet a sponsor requierement, that's my point...

[@robburgess4556]

Saltwater freezes into freshwater ice? Can we get a little more on this please?

[@EduardoEscarez]

If it freezes slowly, the cristaline structure of ice displaces the salt iones outside of it, making it of freshwater.

[@craig2657]

Nice video

[@wkasdo]

This sounds wrong to me. The way I understood it, water has its minimum volume at 4 degrees Celcius. That means that anything colder OR hotter will just float up above the 4 degree layer, when it even exists. The pressure thing is just secondary. The miracle of water is that it is liquid at its highest density.

[@derdotte]

It may sound wrong but it isnt. Temperature, pressure and volume are all parts of a state equation. Usually they can be shown in a 3D surface plot called a 3d phase diagram. Water is weird though because of its density anomaly at about 4°C. You can still google the phase diagrams for water and then it might make sense for you.

[@TheHesseJames]

That's more the reason why lakes freeze from the top. It would be tragic if they froze from the bottom because it would wipe out the ecosystem.

[@yhubtfufvcfyfc]

I believe that fact should be partof the explanation why it doesn't get particularly cold in the deep ocean yes. He just brushed past that part so I wouldn't call it wrong but rather intentionally incomplete.

[@LA-MJ]

Water is densiest at 4C. But there's salinity and currents involved as well 🤷

[@nim2187]

Could you use pressure to make ice? Ice that isn't frozen but compacted?

[@user-sh3cf7kd6e]

Does pressure keep deep fresh water lakes from freezing? Baikal is 1.6 km deep and the surface freeze every year.

[@radostwaszkiewicz4982]

That makes the deep sea way colder than I anticipated. I was expecting temps about the yearly average of the value on the surface.

[@science_spectra]

Doesn't pressure freeze water?

[@YoutubeConnoisseur]

Makes sense to me.

[@Evil_Narwhal]

I would think pressure would make the water freeze, not keep it from freezing, since the molecules are being pushed together more.

[@mahrudsay]

Am I the only one horrified by the fact that the advertised Brilliant course "shows you how to analyze Airbnb data to figure out the best place to buy a rental property"??? WTF?! What's next? "Analyze census data to figure out how to gerrymander against minority voters effectively"? "Analyze housing data to figure out which poor neighborhoods to gentrify"?

[@Xylos144]

I thought the point was that water is most dense at 4C, and expands past that. If it tries to expand by getting colder, the pressure does work, warming the water to keep it close to this temperature. So the pressure is what keeps the water from freezing as a secondary effect of keeping the temperature at ~4c. Not due to any kind of pressure/temperature phase diagram stuff shifting the freezing point.

[@m8e]

No, the pressure doesn't prevent it from expanding, water is incompressible. When water get warmer or colder that 4 degrees it get less dense and float up. It's just convection currents caused by this difference in density.

[@Xylos144]

​@@m8ewater is not incompressible. It can be approximated as such in some situations, but it is not. If it were, there'd be no such thing as water of different densities.

[@m8e]

@@Xylos144 Water has different densities at different temperatures. No pressure needed.

[@gakulon]

​@@m8e By definition, in order to achieve a lower density, water molecules must squeeze closer together so that the mass takes up a different volume. Almost as if the water is compressing at lower temperatures... 🤔🤔🤔 Nah, I guess it must just be literally physically impossible for water molecules to ever get closer to each other for any reason.

[@m8e]

@@gakulon You clearly don't know what you are talking about. With lower density the molecules would spread out more, not squeeze together. The density change with temperature. No need for pressure. If it isn't caused by pressure, it isn't compression. Thermal expansion/contraction is not compression.

[@HongDIYrc]

When the sponsor is nearly half of the video:

[@mattkampoeng]

Amazing

[@CuriosityIgnited]

I didn’t think I’d be learning that the ocean is better at handling pressure than I am, but here we are.

[@Dudelcraft]

Yay, a minute-long Minutephysics video!

[@beebysill]

“Why doesn’t the bottom of the ocean freeze?” Minutephysics: “for a bunch of intricate reasons, it just can’t ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ thanks for watching!”

[@rafi_ahsan]

Waiting for months to watch a 1-minute MinutePhysics video? I know the name is MinutePhysics, but still.😂

[@JustTriangle]

I think the deep ocean is the safest place actually (but definitely not for humans, LOL)

[@astroch]

Water not solidifying under pressure is such a water thing!

[@DaHaiZhu]

Even if it did freeze, it would float to the top since ice is less dense than water

[@safebox36]

I would have thought the pressure itself _would_ have made it freeze.

[@robert3116]

Hmm, I expected it would be because water of 4 degrees is densest, so the bottom of the ocean would be constant at roughly 4 degrees?

[@viliml2763]

How am I supposed to find the video referenced at 0:52? There's no title, no link, no nothing.

[@leonnarddavis]

Oh.. ok

[@TrimutiusToo]

Yeah I was like, it doesn't even get cold enough there, why pressure would matter?

[@CheeseCake4Not]

Ok, but what about oceans on much colder planetoids, like Europa or Neptune?

[@markg6914]

Has anyone attempted to make a prototype craft that uses an inertial mass reduction device?

[@magnusmarkling]

>salt water freezes into fresh water ice in my experience salt water ice is very different and easily distinguishable from fresh water ice.

[@biologyinanutshell2419]

Isnt it also because any bc ice would move to the top of the water column? I thought it worked with the same principle as lakes?

[@isobarkley]

0:59 he looks a little funky :}

[@DamplyDoo]

Thank you for raising my intelligence. I will teach my kid lessons like this

[@ZennExile]

The ocean stays warm for the same reason all mass shares temperature on the surface. Radiation.

[@Phootaba]

Wait. So you're saying all sea ice is fresh water? Awesome, then I don't need to stock water when going exploring in the artic!

[@EndlessScaling]

Bro finally remembered his youtube password😂😂😂

[@AustinIsTheGreatest]

So how much nucellar winter do we need to start seeing the ocean's freezing to be able to walk to other country's?

[@Tibidibidou]

"This course shows you how to analyse aibnb data to figure the best place to buy a rental property" This is hell

[@livinlicious]

You didnt really explain WHY its not cold enough down there to never go below -2 at most. Short explaination, the ocean floor is "heated" by geothermic heat. If temperatures were to fall further, the residual heat from the seafloor is sufficient to maintain this range. With the salinity of the water being liquid up to -6/9 its more than enough to keep the earths oceans liquid. As long as the earth has enough geothermal energy, which it will have for longer than the sun will exist.

[@simonharris4873]

Isn't it the pressure that helps keep the deep ocean at that temperature?

[@oldcowbb]

are you telling me the ocean is perfect fridge tempurature

[@eduardorossi7310]

Even a two minutes long video with normal speee in the voice would be appreciated anyway, I presume

[@l0lLorenzol0l]

What about Europa? The moon of Jupiter? Would this be a factor there?

[@RTamayo98]

ayo

[@vrj93]

You mean to say there is no effect of hotter earth surface as we go deeper in the Ocean?